Tennessee Greentimes - Summer 2010

VOL. 11/ NO. 2

Summer 2010

Seeing the Forest

through the Trees: The Art of Bonsai

Plus, News from the UT Gardens

Tennessee

GREENTIMES The Official Publication of The Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association

Table of Contents

in the landscape Vibrant Viburnums Present a Plant Solution for Every Landscape Need

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VOL. 11/ NO. 2

Summer 2010

garden center notes Seeing the Forest through the Trees: The Art of Bonsai

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departments From the President, Tim Gallagher................................................................................ 6 TNLA New Members ...................................................................................................... 7 News from TNLA................................................................................................................8 Calendar of Events .......................................................................................................... 22 Index of Advertisers ........................................................................................................ 22

Cover photo courtesy of Heather Farms Nursery, Morrison, TN.

UT Garden News The Garden Staff Is Growing, Too

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The Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association serves its members in the industry through education, promotion and representation.

The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, or its board of directors, Tennessee Green Times, or its editors.

Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or their identification as Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this quarterly publication.

Copyright Š2010 by the Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association. Tennessee Green Times is published quarterly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of the Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association.

POSTMASTER: Send change of address notification to Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association, 115 Lyon Street, McMinnville, TN 37110. Postage guaranteed.

Third-class postage is paid at Nashville, TN. Printed in the U.S.A. Reprints and Submissions: Tennessee Green Times allows reprinting of material. Permission requests should be directed to the Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information.

Advertising: For display and classified advertising rates and insertions, please contact Leading Edge Communications, LLC, 206 Bridge Street, Franklin, TN 37064, (615) 7903718, Fax (615) 794-4524.

f rom t h e p r e s i d e n t Tim Gallagher

Mark Your Calendars

for These Events!

S

hipping season is just about over, and it’s been a tough one with the rain, mud and (earlier in the season) snow. But, being nurserymen, we couldn’t expect anything different. Let’s all hope for a good summer growing season.

The 2010 Tennessee Green Industry Field Day will be August 10 at the Tennessee State University Nursery Research Center in McMinnville. The TNLA/HRI Golf Tournament will be held August 9 at the McMinnville Country Club. This will be a great opportunity for you to have fun and relieve some stress while supporting research.

The Mid-States Horticultural Expo will be moving to the Kentucky International Convention Center in downtown Louisville, January 28–29, 2011. The MSHE committee believes that, by moving the event downtown during the ANLA Management Clinic on January 26–29, will provide increased networking opportunities for attendees of both events. The ANLA Management Clinic will be held at the Galt House, just two blocks from the Convention Center, with a covered skywalk from the Galt House to the Convention Center. If you are not currently an exhibitor at MSHE, contact the TNLA office to get exhibitor information.

Let’s have a great summer!

Tim Gallagher 2010 TNLA President

TNLA WOULD LIKE TO THANK

the following companies for being MEMBERSHIP Gold Membership Sponsors Allen Landscape Management, LLC Barky Beaver Mulch & Soil Mix, Inc.

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SPONSORS

Silver Membership Sponsors Common Grounds Landscape Management, Inc.

Little Green Garden, Inc. Reedy Landscaping, Inc.

Randall Walker Farms

Immigration Law Offices of Sean Lewis, PLLC

Tennessee 811

Shadow Nursery, Inc.

J.B. Donoho Nursery

Tri Green Equipment, LLC

Swafford Nursery, Inc.

John Holmlund Nursery

Valent USA

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New TNLA Members The Tennessee Greentimes is the official publication of The Tennessee Nursery & Landscape Association, Inc. 115 Lyon Street McMinnville, Tennessee 37110 (931) 473-3951 Fax (931) 473-5883 www.tnla.com Email: mail@tnla.com Published by Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street Franklin, Tennessee 37064 (615) 790-3718 Fax (615) 794-4524 Email: info@leadingedgecommunications.com Editors Dr. Bill Klingeman Dr. Bob Trigiano Associate Editors Dr. Donna Fare Dr. Nick Gawel Mr. Mark Halcomb Dr. Frank Hale Mr. Gray Haun Dr. Sandy Reed Dr. John Sorochan TNLA Officers President Tim Gallagher Heather Farms Nursery, Inc. 1st Vice President John Watson, CLP Common Grounds Landscape Mgmt.

2nd Vice President Michael Kassees Forest Nursery Co., Inc. 3rd Vice President Jim Webster The Barn Nursery, Inc. Secretary-Treasurer Randall Walker Randall Walker Farms Associate Director Dwight Burch BWI of Memphis Ex-Officio Marshall Allen Allen Landscape Management, LLC Executive Director Louree Walker Administrative Assistant Pam Stern

Welcome, TNLA New Members!

ACTIVE MEMBERS Caughron and Company Darren Caughron 3446 Six Mile Road Maryville, TN 37803 Foothills Lawn Care Adam Anders 1447 West Hunt Road Maryville, TN 37801 Outdoor Designs Professional Services, LLC Gretchen Wilkerson 5312 W. Beaver Creek Drive Powell, TN 37849

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Big A’s Insurance Charles A. Blair 309 W. Morford Street McMinnville, TN 37110

City of Pigeon Forge Parks and Recreation Cynthia Maples 170 Community Center Drive Pigeon Forge, TN 37868 Monroe Truck Equipment James Smith 1051 W. 7th Street Monroe, WI 53566 Monrovia Tracey Tapscott 304 Tremont Street Chattanooga, TN 37405 Monrovia Steve Morrill 444 Elmington Avenue Apt. 722 Nashville, TN 37205

Terra Systems/ Sprinkler Systems LLC Brad Thomas P.O. Box 382825 Germantown, TN 38183

AFFILIATE MEMBERS Lucas Holman Riverdale High School 802 Warrior Drive Murfreesboro, TN 37128 Eric James Limbird 67 Whitsett Road Nashville, TN 37210 David Vandergriff U.T./TSU Extension 400 West Main Street, Suite 560 Knoxville, TN 37902

N ews f rom T N L A

Congratulations to TNLA’s 2010 SCHOLARSHIP WINNERS!

Congratulations to Our FFA AWARD WINNERS!

2010 TNLA Memorial Scholarship Award Winner

Landscape Management Proficiency Award Winner

Morgan Lynn Sharp

Cole Tipton

University of Tennessee, Knoxville Majoring in Landscape Design and Construction (shown with TNLA President Tim Gallagher)

Daniel Boone FFA Chapter

2010 TNLA Memorial Scholarship Award Winner

Nursery Operations Proficiency Award Winner

Jackson Caleb Ewton

Christopher Bohannon

Tennessee Technological College, Cookeville, TN Majoring in Agribusiness Management

McEwen FFA Chapter

In the Landscape

Photo 1.

Photo 2.

By Deborah Dean, Ph.D. Student, The University of Tennessee and Phillip A. Wadl, Research Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology

V

ersatility and variety — these are certainly two words that describe viburnums. A diverse plant genus, viburnums are a perfect choice for many different landscape settings. With over 150 species, this wonderful shrub/small tree genus was formerly a member of the honeysuckle family, but it now resides in the Adoxaceae family.

Found growing wild in populations throughout the world, viburnum species’ vast distributions include North America, South America, Asia and even a small area in the Atlas Mountains in North Africa.

Taxonomical determination of viburnums is challenging not only because of their large distribution, but also due to the existence of many hybrids between the species. When it comes to naming viburnums, there are currently 12 sections where individuals may be placed. These sections correlate to the geographic area in which a particular species is native.

With the advent of genetic analysis, many individuals have been shuffled around to new sections. The sections will surely continue to evolve as more species undergo molecular studies. In fact, our laboratory is working to sort out some of these taxonomic problems, using molecular genetic tools.

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Photos from: Viburnums: Flowering Shrubs for Every Season (Dirr, 2007)

Photo 3.

Photo 4.

Photo 1. Viburnum plicatum (Japanese snowball). Photo 2. Viburnum awabuki (sweet viburnum). Photo 3. Viburnum trilobum (highbush cranberry).

Photo 4. Viburnum lantana (wayfaringtree).

There are perhaps as many descriptions of viburnum as there are species! According to Michael Dirr, author of the 2007 release of Viburnums: Flowering Shrubs for Every Season (a great source for information, with many colorful photographs of the plants), there are only two attributes (morphological) that all species share. First, the fruits are spherical, single-seeded drupes, and second, leaf arrangement on the stem is opposite. Following are some of the many characteristics of this wonderful and underutilized species.

Viburnum vitals In temperate regions of the world, viburnums grow as evergreens; elsewhere, they are deciduous. Size adds yet another variable within the species; while some are considered small trees and can reach heights of 25', most are shrub-sized.

Most viburnums bloom in the spring; flower color is white or pink, and scent can range from pleasant to foul.

Viburnum plicatum (Photo 1) produces large clusters of beautiful, white, showy flowers that rival the beauty of hydrangea.

Some species, however, flower in seasons besides spring. V. x bodnantense actually blooms during the winter with small clusters of pink fragrant flowers.

One of viburnums’ best qualities is the vivid color that they provide throughout the year. Lustrous foliage brings verdant beauty to any garden space. Individual leaf margins may be toothed, serrate, lobed or smooth, and certain species produce hairy leaves.

Variegated cultivars even exist.

The evergreen species, such as V. awabuki (Photo 2) or V. davidii (with deep green, shiny leaves), provide a welcome splash of color in the winter when deciduous plants have dropped their leaves. Viburnum acerifolium boasts lovely maple-shaped leaves that impart patches of scarlet and pink to landscapes in the autumn.

And it is autumn when viburnums are at their best, producing a spectacular show of color (Photo 4) as the fruit sets and foliage turns to yellow, red and golden hues. Fruits/berries also occur in various shades, including blue, purple, black, red, orange and yellow. Viburnum nudum ‘Pink Beauty’ has pink immature berries that turn a deep purple as the fruit matures; this variety is particularly striking when the two colors are present on one shrub at the same time.

Some have edible berries, such as V. trilobum, commonly called “highbush cranberry” because of the pretty, bright-red fruit.

Viburnums are also an excellent way to attract wildlife to the garden. Birds seek out the berries, which provide nutrition, especially during the fall months. Deer, wild turkeys, bluebirds, grouse and other wildlife also eat fruit and other parts of the plant.

In the landscape Many cultivars have been developed to incorporate desired traits such as compactness and manageable yard tennessee greentimes

SUMMER 2010

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In the landscape

size. Other cultivars feature desired traits such as hardiness, berry color and even leaf variegation. Viburnum dentatum ‘Blue Muffin’™ is a popular cultivar bred to be the perfect hedge or a good screening plant, while also offering beautiful foliage, flowers and attractive blue fruit.

Asian viburnums have typically been more popular than our native species due to their more fragrant flowers.

Viburnum carlesii (Koreanspice viburnum) is especially pleasing in groups as the scent “reaches out and engulfs” those near it. The web resource at www.hort.net/profile/cap/vibca provides a good description of how attractive this plant is to all senses!

Native selections, though, are a good choice because they tend to be hardier Photo 5. Viburnum tinus (Laurestinus viburnum).

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than exotics and are more forgiving of less-than-perfect growing conditions.

A handful of viburnums are indigenous to the southeastern United States: V. nudum, V. acerifolium, V. prunifolium, V. bracteatum and V. rufidulum.

Myriad examples of cultivated viburnum and growing information can be found at the following web page: www.taunton.com/finegardening/plan ts/articles/viburnums-are-versatileshrubs.aspx Successful growing is not difficult.

Professor Tom Ranney (North Carolina State University) recommends the following tips. For the best fruit production, plant two different cultivars together, and avoid soils with a high pH. Additionally, most viburnums are self-incompatible, and fruit will not be set unless a genetically similar species or another shrub of the same species is planted nearby, so that cross-pol-

In the LAndscape

lination may occur. Lastly, fall planting is preferred, and remember to provide adequate spacing.

Potential pest problems As a whole, viburnums are relatively hardy and have few problems with pests. Stressed plants (such as those not growing in ideal conditions), however, can succumb to attacks by fungal pathogens and insects. Common culprits are fungi, such as downy mildew and armillaria root rot. Insect offenders include aphids, leaf beetles, scales, thrips and spider mites.

Viburnum aphids can cause malformation and stunting (for example, on V. opulus and V. carlesii) that reduce the plant’s ability to flower. Options for controlling viburnum aphids can be found at: www.entomology.cornell. edu/public/IthacaCampus/ExtOutreac h/DiagnosticLab/Factsheets/Aphids.h tml. With up-to-date pesticide information, this website is particularly helpful.

Perhaps more worrisome is the threat of viburnum leaf beetles, which skeletonize the leaves. In extreme cases, the shrub may be left defoliated, and death may result. Viburnum trilobum and V. dentatum seem to be most susceptible to the beetles. Interestingly, some Asiatic species (V. carlesii and V. plicatum) are resistant to the beetle, and genes from these species could possibly be incorporated into more susceptible species via a breeding program.

Native to Asia and Europe, viburnum beetles entered North America during the mid-1900s and have worked their way south from Canada. In order to hatch, however, the eggs require a prolonged cold period, so southern infiltration may prove less extensive than the northern U.S. For more information on this pest, check out the Cornell University site: www.hort. cornell.edu/vlb/.

perform excellently and will reward with color and vigor year-round.

About the Author: Deborah Dean is a Ph.D. student who works with Dr. Bob Trigiano in the Department of

Entomology and Plant Pathology at the University of Tennessee.After completing her degree, Deborah plans to expand her professional interests in breeding ornamental plants for resistance to diseases. C

Summary Perhaps the ubiquity of the North American viburnums has made them so often unnoticed by gardeners.

However the species’ versatility, beauty and hardiness deserve a second look.

Regardless of where your clients live or work, there is a viburnum that will

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Garden Center Notes

By Richard Gualandi, Graduate Student, The University of Tennessee

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To

many people, the word “bonsai” brings to mind images of peculiar miniature plants that magically survive in impossibly small pots.

Many have found themselves fascinated while standing in front of one, but few actually explore beyond those initial impressions. Even for those with green thumbs, the philosophy and horticulture can seem mysterious and even intimidating. However, a growing number of enthusiasts are recognizing that the only real prerequisites are basic horticulture and creativity.

Bonsai’s beginnings and evolution

Diverse bonsai prospects

Although typically attributed to the Japanese, the earliest recorded bonsai efforts date to 8th century China. By the 13th century, the Japanese developed their own distinct style, known as Bonsai (pronounced bone-sigh), which embodied their unique religious and cultural traditions. Many styles have evolved from these origins, ranging from a single tree trained in various forms to entire miniature landscapes planted in trays or on large stones (see Photos 1 and 2). As international interest grows, modern styles often reflect various regions of the world and the unique species that inhabit them.

Bonsai blends the abstraction of art with the mechanics of horticulture in a unique way. This idea is best expressed in the words of Mr. Arthur Joura, artist and bonsai curator at The North Carolina Arboretum: “Bonsai is the practice of cultivating ordinary plants, out of the ground, in a way that causes them to miniaturize and allows the grower to shape them to a desired form. At its best, bonsai is living art, using containerized plants as a medium to express in miniature an experience of nature.”

The challenges in successfully harmonizing art and horticulture in this way can be both compelling and confounding, but this unique marriage of perspective allows and requires the artist to observe nature as both subject and medium. The artistic expression could be thought of as a beautiful painting, and sound horticultural technique is what creates the canvas. Consider, too, that bonsai are never truly finished.

They necessarily must grow and change.

In this way, it is a continuously dynamic and very personal creative and horticultural endeavor.

A common misconception is that bonsai are a special species of dwarf tree or that they are kept starved or root bound and not allowed to grow at all.

The reality is actually quite different.

In theory, any species can be trained as bonsai; however, some do respond more favorably to the training (Table 1, page 19). Characteristics of wellsuited species include naturally small attractive leaves, flowers or fruit, tolerance to frequent pruning and repotting and general cultural adaptability.

Many tropical and hardy evergreen or deciduous species are popular.

Bonsai can be started from nursery stock, seeds, cuttings or collected plants.

I have always gained the most enjoyment from pruning down a larger plant or growing up smaller ones to suit my own vision, but many people choose to buy pre-trained bonsai and go from there. Both approaches have their merits and can lead to beautiful bonsai.

Photo 1. (Left) “Appalachian Cove” miniature bonsai landscape, on display at the North Carolina Arboretum in Asheville.

Bonsai basics Basics of caring for bonsai are similar to those for any plant grown in a container. They’re sited in conditions appropriate for the species, kept well watered and fertilized, pruned regularly, repotted often and protected from extreme conditions.

Young shoots are repeatedly pruned or pinched to maintain shape and stature with careful consideration given to how growth will progress in response.

Periodic root pruning and repotting are also important and allow the plant to be grown indefinitely in the small ceramic pots. Other training techniques involve wrapping or anchoring branches with wire to alter their shape until they permanently set into the desired position. Artificially created deadwood and intentionally exposed roots give the impression of age, while careful watering and well-timed fertilizer applications can produce smaller leaves and help control excessive growth.

Certainly, there are nuances to caring for bonsai that require special attention, but the techniques are not necessarily difficult. Learning how to effectively apply them can, however, take practice and teach patience.

Green industry opportunities In the U.S., imported plant material has been the primary source of bonsai stock; however, importation has been identified as being responsible for some exotic pests and diseases entering the country. Import regulations are beginning to tighten, but this has generated an economic and ecologic incentive for green industry growers and consumers to produce and purchase bonsai stock grown in the United States.

At the same time, increased public interest and product accessibility have created a viable niche market and afforded new opportunities to garden centers, growers and gardeners. Some retail businesses have taken advantage of this demand by marketing specialty

Photo 2. “Roan Mountain” miniature bonsai landscape, on display at the North Carolina Arboretum in Asheville.

Garden Center Notes

Photo 4. Japanese maple bonsai, from the author’s collection.

Photo 3. Japanese garden juniper bonsai, from the author’s collection.

plants, books and supplies and encouraging new market growth.

Growing public interest is also reflected both in the number of public bonsai collections around the country and the attention they generate. The U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C., has one of the finest bonsai collections in the world. The North Carolina Arboretum in Asheville, NC, hosts a progressive bonsai collection housed in a unique display garden and collectively represents both the dramatic landscape and botanic diversity of the Appalachians. Many communities also have local clubs that maintain collections, share information and host workshops and events.

Indeed, over one thousand years of human interest suggest that there is something timeless and universally valuable to be gained by growing and training bonsai. For many, bonsai culture has become the perfect outlet to help reconnect busy lives with the natural world around us. For those who do seek this connection, bonsai can become an enlightening, fulfilling and meaningful part of their lives. Who knows… maybe it is possible to see the entire forest through the trees.

About the Author: Richard Gualandi is a graduate student, bonsai enthusiast and all-around plant nut working on a master’s degree at The University of Tennessee with Drs. Bob Augé (Plant Sciences Department) and Kim Gwinn (Entomology and Plant Pathology Department) on vesicular mycorrhizal colonization of Echinacea species. C

Table 1. Popular plant species for bonsai gardening.

Photo 5. Trumpet jade tree bonsai, from the author’s collection.

Hardy trees and shrubs Acer palmatum — Japanese maple Acer buergerianum — trident maple Juniperus chinensis — Chinese juniper Juniperus rigida — needle juniper Pinus thunbergii — Japanese black pine Pinus parviflora — Japanese white pine Prunus mume — flowering apricot Ulmus parviflolia — Chinese elm Zelkova serrata — Japanese zelkova

Native trees Carpinus caroliniana — American hornbeam Fagus grandifolia — American beech Pinus strobus ‘Nana’ — dwarf white pine Taxodium disticum — bald cypress Tsuga canadensis — eastern hemlock

Tropical plants Bougainvillea glabra — paper flower Crassula argentea — jade tree Ficus benjamina — weeping fig Ficus nerifolia — willowleaf fig

Best species for beginners Acer palmatum — Japanese maple Ficus retusa — banyan tree Juniperus procumbens ‘Nana’ — dwarf Japanese garden juniper Picea glauca ‘Conica’ — dwarf Alberta spruce

UT Gardens News

The Gardens Staff Is Growing

~

By Sue Hamilton, Director of the UT Gardens

M

ore than plants are growing at the UT Gardens — the staff is growing, too!

Emily Smith joined the Knoxville location of the UT Gardens in late February as its new education and special events coordinator. Smith comes to UT from Omaha, Nebraska, where for the past four years she was a member of the education department at Lauritzen Gardens, Omaha’s Botanical Center. As education director at Lauritzen, she developed numerous outreach programs and events, with many directed toward families.

Smith received her MS degree in public horticulture from UT in 2005.

Building a significant dogwood collection When you hear the word dogwood, many of us plant enthusiasts immediately think of Tennessee… and Cornus florida, to be specific. Many other wonderful Cornus species and selections, however, are impressive and have landscape value. To help educate and teach about the diverse Cornus genus, the UT Gardens is seeking to build a nationally recognized Cornus collection through participation in the North American Plant Collections Consortium (NAPCC).

A network of botanical gardens and arboreta working to coordinate a continent-wide approach to plant germplasm preservation and to promote

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high standards of plant collections management, NAPCC Collections may serve as reference collections for plant identification and cultivar registration. Collection holders make germplasm available for taxonomic studies, evaluation, breedEmily Smith, UT Gardens’ new education ing and other research. Participating and special events coordinator. institutions compare holdings with others to identify duplications and gaps.

This makes efficient use of available resources, strengthening collections through combined collaborative activities.

Currently, there are no institutions with a NAPCC-registered Cornus collection. This past fall and spring, we added 37 different species and cultivars to the 21 Cornus already in our collection. Over the next two to three years as our Cornus collection matures, we will seek recognition through NAPCC.

Sign up for our monthly e-newsletter As we work to make the UT Gardens more “green” and environmentally friendly, we want to reduce our volume of printing and mailings. We send a monthly e-newsletter to let us stay in better touch with donors and to keep our friends informed about horticulture in the gardens, educational programs and special events. You can easily sign up for our e-newsletter by going to the Gardens website at: http://utgardens .tennessee.edu/. C

Index of Advertisers

Calendar of Events JULY 18–24

August 10

October 28–30

28th Annual Perennial Plant Symposium Doubletree Hotel Lloyd Center Portland, OR Contact: 614-771-8431 Fax: 614-876-5238 Email: ppa@perennialplant.org www.perennialplant.org

TN Green Industry Field Day TSU-Otis L. Floyd Research Center 472 Cadillac Lane McMinnville, TN 37110 Contact: 931-473-3951 Fax: 931-473-5833 Email: mail@tnla.com www.tnla.com

GIE EXPO Kentucky Expo Center Louisville, KY Contact: 800-558-8767 Email: info@gieexpo.com www.gieexpo.com

AUGUST 3–5

September 15

Penn-Atlantic Nursery Trade Show (PANTS) Greater Philadelphia Expo Center Philadelphia, PA Contact: 800-898-3411 www.pnla.com

Griffin Grower Expo Knoxville Expo Center Knoxville, TN Contact: 866-307-8142 www.griffins.com

August 9 TNLA/HRI Golf Tournament McMinnville Country Club McMinnville, TN 37110 Contact: 931-473-3951 Fax: 931-473-5833 Email: mail@tnla.com www.tnla.com

October 1-2 Middle Tennessee Nursery Association (MTNA) Trade Show McMinnville Civic Center McMinnville, TN Contact: 913-507-7322 Fax: 931-507-9601 Email: mtna@blomand.net www.mtna.com

January 28–29, 2011 Mid-States Horticultural Expo(a partnership of TNLA and KNLA) NEW LOCATION! Kentucky international Convention Center Downtown Louisville, KY For advertising contact: Betsie A. Taylor, 800-735-9791 or KNLA@gmail.com; http://www.knla.org For booth information contact: Louree Walker, 931-473-3951 or louree@TNLA.com

Braun Horticulture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 www.braungroup.com Cam Too Camellia Nursery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 www.camtoocamellia.com Central Landscape Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 www.centrallandscape.com Cherry Springs Nursery/Speer & Sons . . . Inside Front Cover www.speernursery.com D & D Agri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Ewing Irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 www.ewing1.com Farm Credit Services of Mid America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 www.farmcredit.com Forrest Nursery Company, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Gowan Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 www.gowanco.com Griffin Greenhouse & Nursery Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 www.griffins.com Hayes Nursery Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 JG Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 John Deere Landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 www.johndeerelandscapes.com Larry A. Gribble Nursery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low Falls Wholesale Nursery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 www.lowfallsnursery.com Mid Tenn Turf, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 www.midtennturf.com Motz & Son Nursery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Oldham Chemicals, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Back Cover www.oldhamchem.com Pack’s Nursery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 www.packsnursery.com Surface Nursery, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 www.surfacenursery.com Swafford Nursery, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 www.swaffordnursery.com Tennessee 811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 www.tnonecall.com Turf Mountain Sod, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 www.turfmountain.com Welmaster Carts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover www.wellmaster.ca

classified

Hayes Nursery Enterprises 1474 Old Well Road Morrison, Tennessee 37357 Trudie or James Hayes, 931-939-7945 Liners to Landscape.