Tennessee Turfgrass - October / November 2007 by leadingedgepubs

The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

F E AT U R E D A RT I C L E S

Look at What's New on The University of Tennessee's WeedIdentification Website

Turf Basics — Making Turfgrass Fertilizers Work – and Pay – for You (Part 2 of 3)

28 33

Turf Tips — The Bunker Dilemma

10 Cover Story

Turf Basics

Turf Tips

Upcoming Event — 2008 Tennessee Turfgrass Association 42nd Annual Conference and Trade Show Program

D E PA RT M E N T S

From the TTA President, Bill Francis

From the TVSTMA, Al Ray

Calendar of Events

Index of Advertisers

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

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FROM THE PRESIDENT BILL FRANCIS

reetings from Upper East Tennessee! It certainly has been a year to remember or, quite honestly, one to forget. In many parts of the state, we started the season with a record-breaking freeze, followed by a record drought, and then we had the luxury of record heat during late summer. Hmmm, I can't wait to see what â&#x20AC;&#x153;Old Man Winterâ&#x20AC;? has in store for us! While winter means a little rest for the weary, it also brings ample opportunity for continuing education. One of many educational events offered in 2008 is the 42nd Annual Tennessee Turfgrass Conference and Trade Show. The conference will again be held at the Cool Springs Marriott in Franklin, January 13-15, 2008. Last year, this proved to be a terrific venue with an outstanding education program. I have no doubt that Dr. Tom Samples and the TTA Education Committee will have an even stronger program this year. If you did not make it last year, please make an effort to attend; I think you will find it to be well worth the investment. For years, golf course superintendents and sports turf managers have been heavily involved in the Tennessee Turfgrass Association, but for whatever the reason, we have just not been able to get the involvement from the lawncare portion of the industry. Therefore, we have put together a committee comprised of several board members to research ways to better involve and serve the lawncare professionals of Tennessee. Members of the new TTA Lawncare Committee include Mickey Lovett, Bob McCurdy, Scott Morgan, Dr. Tom Samples, Dr. Dennis Shepard, Robert Stroud Jr. and Frank Turner. Please feel free to contact one of the committee members or me with your comments and ideas. Finally, I hope that you have had a chance to check out the new TTA website, at www.ttaonline.org. Spread the word, and take advantage of the equipment trades and jobposting links found on the website. I believe these links can be a valuable tool for job and equipment searches. Plus, it is free! Also, I look forward to seeing research articles and other information come available under the research link very soon. As always, keep the feedback coming. We need it, so that we know how to better serve you. Have a great fall!

Bill Francis

TTA President

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

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The Official Publication of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association and the Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association

Tennessee Turfgrass is the official publication of The Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, Tennessee 37069 (615) 591-8286 tnturfgrassassn@aol.com Published by Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street Franklin, Tennessee 37064 (615) 790-3718 Fax (615) 794-4524 Email:info@leadingedgecommunications.com Editor Mr. Bobby Stringer Scientific Editor Dr. J. Scott McElroy TTA OFFICERS President Mr. Bill Francis The Ridges Golf & CC (423) 913-2276 Vice President Mr. Bob Hogan The Hogan Company (888) 224-6426 Secretary/Treasurer Mr. Bobby Stringer Germantown Country Club (901) 754-7755 Past President Mr. Jeff Case (901) 373-4344 Executive Secretary Mr. Jim Uden (615) 591-8286 TTA 2007 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. Cory Blair Ms. Shelia Finney Mr. Roger Frazier Mr. Mickey Lovett Mr. Bill Marbet Mr. Bob McCurdy Mr. Scott McNeer Mr. Tommy Mittlesteadt Mr. Scott Morgan Mr. Mitch Parker Mr. Robert Stroud Mr. Frank Turner TTA ADVISORY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD Mr. Bill Blackburn Dr. J. Scott McElroy Mr. Lynn Ray Dr. Tom Samples Dr. Dennis Shepard Dr. John Sorochan

FROM THE TVSTMA AL RAY

Thoughts on

PERSEVERANCE, PARTICIPATION and a POSITIVE ATTITUDE

hope, by the time this is received, we have all gotten some rain. It seems as though most of this year's “Messages from the TVSTMA” have been weather reports, but when you're in our business, it's hard to ignore. What a year so far. “Exceptional drought” and consistent triple-digit temperatures made for a tough summer, to say the least. Besides wondering how to pay our water bills, it raises other questions. How healthy is our turf going into winter, and what can we do now to be at our best next spring? Fortunately, we have fellow TVSTMA members with whom we can commiserate and consult. We have the knowledge within our membership to help get us through this year's extremes, the likes of which many of us have never experienced. If a particular situation is a little out of your comfort zone, ask around; we're blessed with some of the best. Another example of this cooperative spirit is something we've been doing for a long time, and I'm sure others do the same. In our little bailiwick, with somewhat limited resources, we share equipment. When looking to acquire a new piece of turf equipment, we check around to see what is missing in our “network.” By doing this, we are able to do more with less and stretch our field-maintenance budgets. Various implements such as top dressers, rollers and aerators that are not used every day are easily shared without disrupting our schedules. It really works well, and I highly recommend it. When planning and budgeting, also consider the option of contracting services that require specialized equipment

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

and expertise. You might find, as we have, that in some cases it is more economical. The sharing approach also gives us the chance to help schools or local sports leagues that otherwise would not be able to do the things needed to improve some of their playing fields. When at all possible, give a little back to a group in need. It demonstrates to them new possibilities and helps accomplish the mission of TVSTMA. Actions speak louder than words, and new members are nurtured in such ways. You should have received (or be receiving soon) notice of our November meeting. I would like to again ask that everyone make plans to be there. As always, following our program, we will conduct a business meeting and nominate officers for election at our 2008 annual meeting in January. I've heard a lot of good ideas this year. Please bring them with you that day, step up and help carry our chapter to the next level. We've made some positive strives and are in position to realize our potential with strong, broad-based participation. Come and be part of forming the leadership that will carry TVSTMA toward the close of its first decade. This is a period of time in which we can all be proud of the many accomplishments made and thankful for the individuals with the vision to form our chapter and guide us to this point. My hat's off to them and all of our members.

Al Ray

TVSTMA President

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The Tennessee Turfgrass Association serves its members in the industry through education, promotion and representation. The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, or its board of directors, Tennessee Turfgrass Magazine, or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or Turfgrass Association members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this quarterly publication. Copyright ÂŠ2007 by the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. Tennessee Turfgrass is published bi-monthly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. POSTMASTER: Send change of address notification to Tennessee Turfgrass Association, 400 Franklin Road, Franklin, TN 37069. Postage guaranteed. Third-class postage is paid at Franklin, TN. Printed in the U.S.A. Reprints and Submissions: Tennessee Turfgrass allows reprinting of material. Permission requests should be directed to the Tennessee Turfgrass Association. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information. Advertising: For display and classified advertising rates and insertions, please contact Leading Edge Communications, LLC, 206 Bridge Street, Franklin, TN 37064, (615) 7903718, Fax (615) 794-4524.

T U R F TA L K

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

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CONTINUED

Updates to UT's Weed-Identification Page By Becky Koepke, Graduate Student; Scott McElroy, Ph.D., Tu r f g rass Weed Scientist and Assistant Professor; and Greg Breeden, Weed Science Research and Extension Associate (University of Tennessee)

ccurate weed identification is an important first step in weed control. Misidentification can lead to the application of the wrong herbicide, thus wasting resources. To aid in this potential problem, The University of Tennessee has created a web-based weedidentification tool that can be accessed at http://utturf.net. This article will walk you through how to use the site and point out some special features.

How to use the site Once at the http://utturf.net homepage, select “Weed Identification” on the left menu. This takes you to a page (see Photo 1, below) with four weed types listed: Broadleaf, Grass Weeds, Grass-Like Weeds and Sedges. To start identifying your weed, click on the appropriate weed type. Once you select your weed type, you will see a menu of characteristics from which to choose, with a list of possible weeds on the left (Photo 2, page 13). Each characteristic is represented by a simple graphic. If you are confused about a characteristic, hovering over each graphic will cause a short definition to appear. If more explanation is needed, you can select section title, and it will reveal a more detailed description of that characteristic with appropriate graphics. Now, select the characteristics appropriate to your weed. At each selection, the list of weeds on the left will shorten, leaving only the weeds that have the characteristic that you selected. Once the list is narrowed down, you then select a specific weed and view pictures and characteristics (Photo 3 and Photo 4, page 13). Each individual weed page features a complete list of the characteristics of the weed, a descriptive paragraph, photographs and links to any similar weeds. Within the descriptive

Photo 1

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

T U R F TA L K paragraph are some links to other weeds as they are mentioned, or glossary links. To see each photo, select the thumbnail image to see a larger image, and for a full-screen image, select the large image.

User-friendly features This site has some special features that should be noted. The characteristics are represented in graphics to make finding the characteristic easy for everyone. People who come to this site may not know specific botanical terms. These graphics also make it possible for everyone to quickly and easily identify their weeds. The graphics have accompanying labels; these act as an aid, not only for those who would rather scan text, but also for those who are unable to see the graphics. Some internet users have their image-loading capabilities turned off to help shorten download times, and some use text readers that read the words on the screen aloud, but cannot read images. The extended glossary not only has text, but also images, as some concepts are more efficiently conveyed with images. The code of this website was run through a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) validator. This ensures that the website adheres to the accessibility guidelines W3C has drafted. The

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validator makes sure that the code uses up-to-date tags and can be read by text readers, among other things. Also, the colors on the site were tested for contrast. This is important to those who are color-deficient or color-blind or to someone who visits the site with a black-and-white monitor. This site covers 133 weeds that grow in Tennessee, specifically weeds that commonly grow in turf. Each fact sheet has over 15 descriptors of the weed, with two to seven photographs each. All the weed photos found on this site were taken in-house. The weeds were collected locally, cleaned and dissected, so you know you are seeing the weed as it grows in Tennessee. This is useful, as plants can vary from region to region.

Future amenities This website is still in development, and it will have more features and tools available at a later time. A few things you can expect to see are a dichotomous key, especially for turfgrass species, links from each weed to the most appropriate herbicide treatment (courtesy of our Herbicide Selection Tool, also found on utturf.net), and maybe a forum for visitors to discuss their specific problems. So, please check back often and see what's new!

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CONTINUED

Photo 2

Photo 3

Photo 4

TURF BASICS

Making Turfgrass Fertilizers Work â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and Pay â&#x20AC;&#x201C; for You (Part 2 of 3) By Tom Samples, Ph.D., a n d John Soroch a n , Ph.D., The University of Tennessee , a n d Bra d Jakubowski, The University of Nebraska

the first part of our three-part series on turfgrass nutrition (published in the August/September 2007 issue of Tennessee Turfgrass), we introduced plant and turfgrass nutrition; we briefly described the mobility of these nutrients in soils; and we provided tables to describe the appearance of turfgrass under various macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies.

following formulas are useful when converting lbs. of phosphate (P2O5) to lbs. of phosphorus (P) and lbs. of potash (K2O) to lbs. of potassium (K). To convert the amount in lbs. of P2O5 to the amount in lbs. of P, P = P2O5 x 0.44. To convert the amount in lbs. of K2O to the amount in lbs. of K, K2O x 0.83 = K. So, in addition to 10 lbs. of N, a 50-lb. bag of fertilizer with a 20-5-15 analysis contains 0.5 x 5 x 0.44 = 1.1 lbs. of P; and 0.5 x 15 x 0.83 = 6.2 lbs. of K.

In this issue of Tennessee Turfgrass, we take a closer look at the 16 essential plant elements as they might appear on product labels. We describe how macro- and micronutrients function in turfgrasses and the consequences of too little or unavailable plant nutrients, and we outline the common commercial sources of plant nutrients.

Primary macronutrients

Nutrients on the fertilizer label Fertilizers applied to turfgrasses often contain all three primary macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and they may contain one or more secondary macronutrients and micronutrients. Information regarding the nutrient content of a fertilizer is printed on the product label. For example, fertilizer with a 20-5-15 analysis contains 20% nitrogen (N), 5% phosphate (P2O5) and 15% potash (K2O) by weight. A 50-lb. bag of 20-5-15 contains 0.5 x 20 = 10 pounds of N; 0.5 x 5 = 2.5 pounds of P2O5; and 0.5 x 15 = 7.5 pounds of K2O. Since the fertilizer label reports percent P2O5 and percent K2O (by weight) rather than percent elemental P and K, the 16

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Nitrogen (N) Some N sources are very soluble in water and are released to turfgrasses within hours after being applied. Others (controlled-release sources) are formulated to dissolve or release very slowly into the solution surrounding turfgrass roots. Nitrogen sources may be inorganic (containing no carbon) or organic (containing carbon), synthetically produced or natural, and coated or non-coated (Table 1). Ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate are examples of inorganic N sources. Each is very soluble in water and may absorb moisture from the air during storage. Aerial shoots of turfgrasses may be severely injured (e.g., foliar burn) if too much of an inorganic N source is applied. Examples of natural organic N sources include dried, activated sewage sludge (Photo 1), animal by-products (e.g., manure and feather, leather and blood meal) and plant

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CONTINUED Table 1. Common Sources of Nitrogen in Turfgrass Fertilizers. Source

Formula

~ Content (%) N

P2O5

K2O

Salt Acidifying Index b per Unita Effect

Cold-Water Solubility lbs./gal.

Comments

Ammonium nitrate

NH 4NH 3

33%

3.2 H

14.5

Contains both ammonium ions adsorbed by soil colloids and nitrate ions, that may be mobile in soils.

Ammonium sulfate

(NH 4) 2SO 4

21%

3.3 H

110

5.7

Contains 24% sulfur and has the greatest acidifying effect of listed materials.

Calcium nitrate

Ca(NO 3) 2

15%

---

This Ca-containing (19%) source of N absorbs moisture and releases N very rapidly.

IBDU (isobutylidene diurea)

[CO(NH 2) 2] 2 C 4H 8

31%

0.2 L

---

slowly soluble

Two urea molecules are linked by a carbon group, resulting in a source of N dependent on soil moisture for release.

Milorganite

organic – N complex

0.7 L

---

slowly soluble

N in this activated sewage sludge is released by microbial activity.

Polymer (plastic)-coated urea

CO(NH 2) 2 + polymer

38%

---

slow release

N release is dependent on soil moisture.

Potassium nitrate

KNO 3

13%

44%

5.3 H

(-23)

1.0

May slightly increase soil pH as it rapidly releases N.

slow release

Permeable sulfur (molten) coating lets water move slowly through the barrier, dissolving enclosed urea. N release is dependent on microbial activity and soil moisture.

6.2

This highly water-soluble N source contains the highest N concentration of any granular fertilizer.

---

slowly soluble

N is released from these varioussize, “chain-like” urea polymers through the activity of soil microorganisms.

SCU (sulfurcoated urea)

CO(NH 2) 2 + sulfur

CO(NH 2) 2

Urea

UF (urea formaldehyde [CO(NH 2)CH 2] n CO(NH 2) 2 or methylene ureas)

32%

45%

38%

0.7 L

1.7 M

0.3L

---

a Expressed as the relative salinity of mineral salts per unit of nutrient compared to sodium nitrate (6.3). High = 2.6 or greater; moderate = 1.0 to 2.5; and low = less than 1.0. b Units of CaCO required to neutralize 100 units of fertilizer (by weight). 3

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

TURF BASICS

Photo 1. Activated sewage sludge, a natural organic nitrogen source.

Photo 2. Granular urea, a popular, highly water-soluble source of nitrogen.

Photo 3. Nitrogen release from ureaformaldehyde granules is dependent on soil moisture, temperature and the activity of soil microorganisms.

CONTINUED by-products (e.g., corn gluten meal and proteins). Nitrogen is usually released from these materials slowly, as a result of the activity of soil microorganisms. Natural organic fertilizers have a very low burn potential and do not release N when microorganisms in the soil are inactive due to cold temperatures or severe drought. The release rate varies among the synthetic-organic N sources. Urea (Photo 2) – one of the most concentrated, widely used and quickly available synthetic-organic N sources – releases N rapidly and can burn turf when improperly applied. Coated, slowrelease N sources are formed by coating granular urea with molten sulfur, a polymer or a combination of the two. Ureaformaldehyde (UF) (Photo 3) and methylene ureas, often referred to as reacted products, are formed by a process known as polymerization. Chains of N-containing molecules are produced as urea is reacted with formaldehyde. Chain length of

Photo 4. Granular monoammonium phosphate contains both nitrogen and phosphorus.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

TURF BASICS Table 2. Common Sources of Phosphorus in Turfgrass Fertilizers. Source

~ P2O5 Content

~ P Content

Comments

Bone meal

17% to 30%

7% to 13%

One of the earliest recognized sources of phosphorus.

Calcium metaphosphate

62%

27%

Contains about 19% Ca.

Diammonium phosphate (DAP)

46% to 53%

19% to 23%

Contains from 10% to 21% N, and its phosphorus is water soluble.

Monoammonium phosphate (MAP)

48% to 53%

20% to 23%

Contains from 10% to 21% N, and its phosphorus is water soluble.

Ordinary superphosphate

20%

Calcium phosphate and gypsum combination, formed by treating rock phosphate with sulfuric acid.

Rock phosphate

25% to 35%

11% to 15%

An important source of mineral phosphate used in the manufacture of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. The effectiveness of rock phosphorus as a phosphorus source depends on particle size and soil conditions.

Triple superphosphate

46%

20%

Produced by treating rock phosphate with phosphoric acid.

Table 3. Common Sources of Potassium in Turfgrass Fertilizers.

Source

Formula

~ K2O Content

~ K Content

Potassium chloride

KCl

60%

49%

Potassium magnesium sulfate

K 2SO 4 . 2MgSO 4

21%

18%

Potassium nitrate

KNO 3

44%

36%

Potassium sulfate

K 2SO 4

48%

40%

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molecules increases as the polymerization reaction continues. Generally, the longer the molecular chain, the slower the rate of N release and the lower the burn potential. Triazone (formed by reacting urea, formaldehyde and additional ammonia) is a clear liquid. Isobutylidine diurea (IBDU) was developed in the late 1960s for fertilization of rice. It is formed by reacting isobutyraldehyde with urea, and it usually contains 31% N. Nitrogen release from IBDU does not depend on the activity of soil microorganisms. Instead, the release of nitrogen from IBDU increases with increasing soil moisture and temperature, and it decreases as the particle size decreases.

Phosphorus (P) Bones and bone meal have long been recognized as having fertilizer value due, in part, to their P content (Table 2). Rock phosphate is a very important source of mineral phosphate used to produce turfgrass fertilizers. Rock phosphate is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce ordinary (~ 20% P2O5) superphosphate. Similarly, reacting rock phosphate with phosphoric acid results in triple superphosphate (~45% P2O5), a highly concentrated product. Phosphorus contained in monoammonium and diammonium phosphates is more watersoluble than that in ordinary and triple superphosphate. Monoammonium phosphate (Photo 4) and diammonium phosphate also contain 11% N and 18% N, respectively.

Potassium (K) Through the years, K in turfgrass fertilizers has been produced from ore mined in Canada, Germany and New Mexico. Produced from mines, muriate of potash (or KCl) is a major source of K in turfgrass fertilizers (Table 3). Another source, potassium nitrate, supplies both K and N. Potassium sulfate (Photo 5) is a popular source of K and S and has a lower burn potential than muriate of potash. Potassium magnesium sulfate is often referred to as â&#x20AC;&#x153;K-magâ&#x20AC;? and supplies K, Mg and S.

Complete fertilizers Fertilizers containing N, P2O5 and K2O are referred to as complete, because they contain

TURF BASICS N, P and K. They may be formulated as blended or homogenous products. Fertilizer blends are mixtures of several different particles and nutrient sources. Granules within a blended fertilizer are often gray (e.g., triple superphosphate), white (e.g., urea) and purple (e.g. muriate of potash). Each granule of a homogenous fertilizer, on the other hand, is the same color and contains the same nutrient analysis.

Secondary macronutrients

Photo 5. Granular potassium sulfate contains both potassium and sulfur, and it has a lower foliar-burn potential than muriate of potash.

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Excellent sources of calcium (Ca) (Table 4) include agricultural lime (calcium carbonate, ~32% Ca) and dolomitic lime (calcium magnesium carbonate, ~22% Ca and ~11% Mg). Both are sold in pulverized and pelletized forms. Gypsum (calcium sulfate) (Photo 6), a popular granular source of Ca, contains about 22% Ca and 19% sulfur (S). The application of lime will increase the soil pH, while the application of gypsum will not. Potassium sulfate (~40% K and ~17% S) is

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CONTINUED Table 4. Common Sources of Calcium, Magnesium and Sulfur in Turfgrass Fertilizers. Source

Formula

Neutralizing value

~ Calcium

~ Magnesium

~ Sulfur

Ammonium sulfate

(NH 4) 2SO 4

24%

Calcium carbonate

CaCO 3

100%

32%

Calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH) 2

136%

46%

Calcium metaphosphate

Ca(PO 3) 2

19%

Calcium nitrate

Ca(NO 3) 2

19%

Calcium oxide

CaO

179%

52%

Dolomitic limestone

CaMg(CO 3) 2

109%

22%

11%

Ferrous ammonium sulfate

(NH 4) 2SO 4. FeSO 4 . 6H 2O

16%

Ferrous sulfate

FeSO 4 . 7H 2O

18%

Gypsum

CaSO 4 . 2H 20

22%

19%

Magnesium carbonate (Magnesite)

MgCO 3

119%

28%

Magnesium hydroxide

Mg(OH) 2

172%

40%

Magnesium oxide

MgO

250%

55%

Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)

MgSO 4

10%

14%

Potassium magnesium sulfate

K 2SO 4 . 2MgSO 4

11%

22%

Potassium sulfate

K 2SO 4

17%

Sulfur, elemental

99%

Superphosphate

CaH 4(PO 4) 2

21%

12%

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TURF BASICS Table 5. Common Sources of Micronutrients in Turfgrass Fertilizers. Micronutrient

Copper

Iron

Manganese

Molybdenum

Formula

Content

Borax

Na 2B 4O 7 . 10H 2O

11% boron

Boric acid

H 3BO 3

17% boron

Solubor

Na 2B 4O 7 . 5H 2O + Na 2B 10O 16 . 10H 2O

20% boron

Potassium chloride

KCl

47% chlorine

Copper chelatea

CuEDTA

6% to 13% copper

Copper oxide

CuO

75% copper

Copper sulfate, pentahydrate

CuSO 4 . 5H 2O

25% copper

Ferric oxide

Fe 2O 3

69% iron

Ferric sulfate

Fe(SO 4) 3 . 4H 2O

23% iron

Ferrous ammonium sulfate

(NH 4) 2SO 4 . FeSO 4 . 6H 2O

14% iron

Ferrous oxide

FeO

77% iron

Iron ammonium polyphosphate

Fe(NH 4)HP 2O 7

22% iron

Iron (ferrous) sulfate

FeSO 4 . 7H 2O

20% iron

Iron chelatea

NaFeEDTA

5% to 14% iron

Manganese carbonate

MnCO 3

31% manganese

Manganese chelatea

MnEDTA

12% manganese

Manganese chloride

MnCl 2

17% manganese

Manganese methoxyphenylpropane

MnMPP

10% to 12% manganese

Manganese oxide

MnO 2

63% manganese

Manganese sulfate

MnSO 4 . 3H 2O

26% to 28% manganese

Manganous oxide

MnO

41% to 68% manganese

Ammonium molybdate

(NH 4) 2MoO 4

49% molybdenum

Sodium molybdate

Na 2MoO 4 . 2H 2O

39% molybdenum

Basic zinc sulfate

ZnSO 4 . 4Zn(OH) 2

55% zinc

Zinc carbonate

ZnCO 3

52% zinc

Zinc chelatea

Na 2ZnEDTA

14% zinc

Zinc oxide

ZnO

78% zinc

Zinc phosphate

Zn 3(PO 4) 2

51% zinc

Zinc sulfate monohydrate

ZnSO 4 . H 2O

35% zinc

Zinc sulfate heptahydrate

ZnSO 4 . 7H 2O

23% zinc

Boron

Chlorine

Source

Zinc

a Micronutrients can be combined with organic compounds to produce more-stable or â&#x20AC;&#x153;chelatedâ&#x20AC;? carriers. Chelating agents include: EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetate), DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentacetate) and EDDHA [ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxyphenylacetate)]. 24

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CONTINUED applied to provide turfgrasses with K and S. Similarly, potassium magnesium sulfate is an excellent granular source of potassium (~18% K), magnesium (~11% Mg) and sulfur (~22 percent S).

Micronutrients Some micronutrient sources are very water soluble and are readily available to plants (Table 5). Others are chelated (i.e., combined with organic compounds) to improve their stability. Chelated micronutrients generally have a longer residual response in soils than soluble micronutrients, and they are less prone to loss by leaching.

Looking aheadâ&#x20AC;Ś In Part 3, which will appear in the December/January issue of Tennessee Turfgrass, we will discuss strategies for integrating turfgrass nutrition into a Best Management Plan for Tennessee's managed turfs. We will also investigate the value of soil and turf-tissue tests and discuss how several turfgrass types and environmental factors should guide turf and landscape management decisions.

Photo 6. Applying gypsum, a source of calcium and sulfur, will not affect soil pH.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION â&#x20AC;˘ TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

TURF TIPS

early everyone who plays golf knows that bunkers are supposed to be hazards. That's how the Rules of Golf, define them: "A bunker is a hazard consisting of a prepared area of ground, often a hollow, from which turf or soil has been removed or replaced with sand or the like." For golfers, the object should be to avoid them. But for golf course superintendents, the subject of bunker maintenance is often a subject that falls under the category of “Hazardous Duty.” In fact, that's the title of a seminar offered by the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America (GCSAA). Taught by Robert M. Randquist, GCSAA board member and Certified Golf Course Superintendent at Boca Rio Golf Club in Boca Raton, FL, the course helps GCSAA superintendents understand the complex and often contentious subject of bunker maintenance. According to Randquist, the difficulty of bunker maintenance begins with the fact that both golfers and golf course superintendents exhibit a wide variation in how they look at bunkers. At one extreme, you hear, “A bunker is a hazard; I shouldn't have hit the ball here.” Or, “Golf is like life; it's not supposed to be fair. At the other extreme are those who think, “I can't believe how unfair this bunker is. Even the best golfer in the world couldn't get on the green from here.”

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

With such a wide range of opinions and expectations about bunkers’ place in the game, and how they should be maintained, Randquist says it is vitally important that golf course superintendents, green committees, private owners, supervisors and tournament-governing bodies discuss the issue. Arriving at a consensus regarding playing conditions for the course's bunkers is important, but it is equally important that they determine if the golf facility has the financial ability to provide those conditions on a regular basis. The kinds of questions that must be answered include: • Should a golfer ever have a buried lie in a bunker? • Should a golf ball always roll back to the flat portion of the bunker? • Is it possible to define the difference between a “fair” bunker and an unfair one? • How often should golfers be able to get the ball out of a greenside bunker and into the hole in two shots? • How often should golfers be able to hit a shot from a fairway bunker onto the green? • Should a golfer ever have to play a shot from underneath or against the lip of a bunker? • Should the sand surface be smooth or furrowed? • Do the bunkers provide equal hazard to low and high handicap players? The answers to these questions make it possible for the golf course superintendent to define the expected difficulty of the

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course's bunkers, establish a plan for bunker maintenance that will deliver that level of difficulty and develop a budget for that level of maintenance. GCSAA golf course superintendents are accustomed to creating these kinds of plans and to balancing the desires of golfers with the available labor and equipment assets. Golfers, however, are often unaware of how many factors affect the condition of bunkers. Randquist says the primary factors influencing the decisions that golf course superintendents make regarding bunker maintenance include: type and depth of sand in bunkers; raking, grooming and edging methods; and, of course, bunker maintenance costs and budget. The technical aspects of sand selection include everything from particle size and particle shape to crusting potential, infiltration rate, color and even measuring firmness with a penetrometer. Management of all these factors to produce the desired bunker playing conditions is primarily the superintendent's responsibility. So, too, are the decisions about raking and grooming methods. Over the years, these have TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION â&#x20AC;˘ TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

TURF TIPS ranged from almost no grooming in the earliest days of the game, to the infamous furrowing rakes employed at Oakmont Country Club, to the modern power bunker rakes that can dramatically reduce the amount of time it takes to rake a bunker. But, if golfers want the kind of bunker conditions they see on television at championship venues, they need to understand that getting there comes with a substantial cost. That kind of maintenance demands a commitment of manpower that most courses simply aren't able to muster. Although many factors influence the cost of bunker maintenance, Randquist says that many golf facilities commit as much as 15% to 25% of their golf course labor hours to bunker maintenance. In preparation for a golf championship, it is not uncommon to have a bunker maintenance crew of 10 to 20 people working full time for two to three weeks prior to and during the event. Achieving â&#x20AC;&#x153;tournamentâ&#x20AC;? conditions may include packing the sand, adjusting depths,

removing debris and stones, controlling moisture content, adding amendments to the sand and hand raking â&#x20AC;&#x201C; all of which are extremely labor intensive. If a golf course sets a standard of providing those conditions on an everyday basis, labor costs for bunker maintenance alone can be $300,000 to $350,000 a year. For golf courses with annual maintenance budgets under $1 million, such a commitment is obviously out of the question. Randquist says that golfers are often surprised to learn how much strain bunkers can put on a golf course maintenance budget, but once they are aware of the balance between labor costs and bunker playing conditions, they alter their expectations. Despite a trend in recent years to maintain bunkers in a manner that provides a relatively low degree of difficulty, bunkers are still hazards. When golfers express a desire to have them be less of a hazard, they need to understand that achieving that standard comes with a significant cost.

42ND ANNUAL

2008 TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND TRADE SHOW PROGRAM

JANUARY 13TH, 14TH AND 15TH, 2008 FRANKLIN MARRIOTT COOL SPRINGS 700 COOL SPRINGS BLVD. â&#x20AC;¢ FRANKLIN, TENNESSEE 37067

PROGRAM & MEMBER REGISTRATION

CONFERENCE PROGRAM SPEAKERS AND TOPICS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE

SUNDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 13

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1:00 p.m. Update from the University of Tennessee Turf Management and Turfgrass Weed Science Research, Teaching and Extension Team Mr. Steven M. Borst Mr. Gregory Breeden Mr. Matthew A. Cutulle Mr. T. Jonathan (Jon) Dorris Dr. Frank A. Hale Mr. John M. Kauffman Ms. Rebecca (Becky) M. Koepke Dr. William E. Klingeman III Mr. James D. McCurdy Dr. J. Scott McElroy Mr. John M. Parham Dr. Tom Samples Dr. John C. Sorochan Mr. Adam Thoms Mr. Rodney V. Tocco Dr. Alan S. Windham Dr. Janice M. Zale

Golf Course Symposium

2:45 p.m. BREAK

6:30 p.m. ADJOURN

MONDAY MORNING, JANUARY 14

3:00 p.m. 60 Minutes: 2007 Golf Course Tales Mr. Chris Hartwiger, USGA Green Section

4:00 p.m. The Media: Can't Live with ’Em, Can't Live without ’Em Mr. John Reitman, TurfNet the Magazine

4:45 p.m. BREAK 5:00 p.m. How a Greenhouse Can Enhance Your Career Mr. Gary Shetler, Evansville Country Club, Evansville, IN

5:45 p.m. Get Motivated! Get Excited! Mr. Bryan Fiese, Performance Motivation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7:00 a.m. PRAYER BREAKFAST (Continental Style)

10:15 a.m. Workshops

8:15 a.m. Workshops

10:15 a.m. Turfgrass Management: Starting at the Bottom — Soils Dr. Robert N. Carrow, University of Georgia

8:15 a.m. Identifying and Managing Weeds & Brush Species in Sensitive Areas, Including Streambanks & Meadows Mr. Gregory K. Breeden, University of Tennessee 8:15 a.m. Hiring for Success / Coaching Skills Mr. Bryan Fiese, Performance Motivation 8:15 a.m. Diagnosing and Managing Diseases of Transition-Zone Turfgrasses Dr. Maria Tomaso-Peterson, Mississippi State University Dr. Alan S. Windham, University of Tennessee 8:15 a.m. Irrigation System Maintenance: Troubleshooting and Correcting an Electrical Problem Mr. Vince Nolletti, Paige Electric Company

10:15 a.m. Diagnosing and Managing Diseases of Transition-Zone Turfgrasses Dr. Maria Tomaso-Peterson, Mississippi State University Dr. Alan S. Windham, University of Tennessee 10:15 a.m. Turfgrass Weed Management: An Update Dr. Scott McElroy, University of Tennessee 10:15 a.m. Insects of the Southern U.S. Dr. Frank A. Hale, University of Tennessee Dr. David W. Held, Mississippi State University 12:00 noon LUNCH

10:00 a.m. BREAK

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

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MONDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 14 Special Topics

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:45 p.m. Communication to Meet Members’ Needs Mr. Scott McNeer, CGCS, Spring Creek Ranch, Collierville, TN Mr. Scott Severance, CGCS, Fox Den Country Club, Knoxville, TN Mr. Gary Weller, Council Fire, Chattanooga, TN

1:00 p.m. New Concepts for Meadow-Type, Low-Maintenance Areas Mr. Donald Woodall, Scotts/Landmark Seed Company

1:45 p.m. Is Zoysia a Part of Your Golf Course Renovation Plan? Mr. Ken Mangum, CGCS, Atlanta Athletic Club, Atlanta, GA

1:00 p.m. Bridging the Gap Between Golf and Environmental Permitting Mr. Cory Blair, CGCS, Rarity Communities, Sweetwater, TN

TRADE SHOW

1:00 p.m. Renovating Richland Country Club Mr. Brad Erikson, Richland Country Club, Nashville, TN

2:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.

1:45 p.m. Self-Inflicted Motivation Mr. Jim Harris, CGCS, Cottonwoods Golf Course, Cordova, TN

TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 15

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6:45 a.m. AWARDS BREAKFAST and TTA BUSINESS MEETING

TUESDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 15

TRADE SHOW 8:30 a.m. - 11:00 a.m.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Golf Course Session

Sports Turf Session

11:00 a.m. Tennessee Golf Course Superintendents Association Meeting

11:00 a.m. Tennessee Valley Sports Turf Managers Association Meeting

11:30 a.m. About Wetting Agents Mr. Mike Roberts, ProSource One

11:30 a.m. Cool-Season Turfgrasses for Southeastern Sports Fields Dr. Stacy A. Bonos, Rutgers University

12:15 p.m. Breeding Warm-Season Turfgrasses for the Turfgrass Transition Zone Dr. Dennis L. Martin, Oklahoma State University

12:15 p.m. Managing Sports Fields within Budget Mr. Ken Edwards, CSFM, Sports Complex Superintendent, Gulfport, MS

1:30 p.m. What’s New at The Country Club of Birmingham Mr. Lee McLemore, CGCS, The Country Club of Birmingham (AL)

1:30 p.m. To Be Announced

2:15 p.m. Breeding Cool-Season Turfgrasses for the Turfgrass Transition Zone Dr. Stacy A. Bonos, Rutgers University

2:15 p.m. Warm-Season Turfgrasses for Southeastern Sports Fields Dr. Dennis L. Martin, Oklahoma State University

3:00 p.m. ADJOURN Please Have a Safe Trip Home.

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION • TENNESSEE VALLEY SPORTS TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION

AKE TO M E R U THE BE S S AT N O I T VA RESER KLIN

FEATURED SPEAKERS Mr. Cory Blair, CGCS Director of Agronomy Rarity Communities, Inc. Sweetwater, TN 423-884-3007 coryblair@raritybay.com Dr. Stacy A. Bonos Plant Biology and Pathology Cook College, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 732-932-9711, ext. 297 bonos@aesop.rutgers.edu Mr. Steven M. Borst Graduate Student, Weed Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 sborst1@utk.edu Mr. Gregory K. Breeden Extension Assistant II The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7208 gbreeden@utk.edu Dr. Robert N. Carrow Professor, Crop & Soil Sciences Griffin Campus, Univ. of Georgia Griffin, GA 770-228-7277 rcarrow@griffin.uga.edu Mr. Matthew A Cutulle Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 mcutulle@utk.edu Mr. T. Jonathan (Jon) Dorris Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 tdorris@utk.edu Mr. Ken Edwards, CSFM Sports Complex Superintendent City of Gulfport Gulfport, MS 228-832-3612 kedwa37326@aol.com Mr. Brad Erikson Superintendent Richland Country Club Nashville, TN 615-370-0060 Mr. Bryan Fiese Motivated Performance 866-465-7073 susie@getumotivated.com www.getumotivated.com

Dr. Frank A. Hale Professor, Entomology and Plant Pathology The University of Tennessee Nashville, TN 615-832-6802 fhale@utk.edu Mr. Jim Harris, CGCS Cottonwoods Golf Course at Grand Casino Cordova, TN 901-870-1179 Mr. Chris Hartwiger Senior Agronomist Southeast Region, USGA Green Section Birmingham, AL 205-444-5079 chartwiger@usga.org Dr. David W. Held Assistant Extension/Research Professor of Entomology Mississippi State University Biloxi, MS 228-546-1019 dheld@ext.msstate.edu Mr. John M. Kauffman Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 jkauffm1@utk.edu Dr. William E. Klingeman III Associate Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 wklingem@utk.edu Ms. Rebecca M. Koepke Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 rkoepke@utk.edu Mr. Ken Mangum, CGCS Director of Golf Courses/Grounds Atlanta Athletic Club Duluth, GA 770-448-2166 Dr. Dennis L. Martin Professor and Extension Turfgrass Specialist Oklahoma State University Horticulture and Landscape Stillwater, OK 405-744-5419 Dennis.L.Martin@okstate.edu

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

FRAN IOTT MARR RINGS

COOL

Mr. James D. McCurdy Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 jmccurd1@utk.edu Dr. Scott McElroy Assistant Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-8603 mcelroy@utk.edu Mr. Lee McLemore, CGCS Director of Golf Course Operations The Country Club of Birmingham Birmingham, AL 205-803-4268 lmclemore@ccbham.com Mr. Scott McNeer, CGCS Superintendent Spring Creek Ranch Collierville, TN 901-850-1129 Mr. Vince Nolletti Vice President Irrigation and Landscape Lighting Operations Paige Electric Co. Fresno, CA 559-431-2346 vnolletti@paigeelectric.com www.paigewire.com. Mr. John M. Parham Research Associate II The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-0213 jparham2@utk.edu Mr. John Reitman Editor TurfNet the Magazine 800-314-7929 jreitman@turfnet.com

Mr. Gary Shetler Superintendent Evansville Country Club Evansville, IN 812-422-6461 gary@evansvillecountryclub.com Dr. John C. Sorochan Associate Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 sorochan@utk.edu Mr. Adam Thoms Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 athoms@utk.edu Mr. Rodney V. Tocco Graduate Student The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 rtocco@utk.edu Dr. Maria Tomaso-Peterson Assistant Research Professor Entomology and Plant Pathology Mississippi State University 662-325-2593 mariat@pss.msstate.edu? Mr. Gary Weller Superintendent Council Fire Chattanooga, TN 423-855-0844

Mr. Mike Roberts ProSource One 863-559-9919

Dr. Alan S. Windham Professor The University of Tennessee Nashville, TN 615-835-4572 awindha1@utk.edu

Dr. Tom Samples Extension Turfgrass Specialist Knoxville, TN 865-974-2595 tjsamples@utk.edu

Mr. Donald Woodall Scotts/Landmark Seed Co. Don.Woodall@Scotts.com

Mr. Scott Severance, CGCS Superintendent Fox Den Country Club Knoxville, TN 865-966-2531

Dr. Janice M. Zale Assistant Professor The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 865-974-7324 jzale@utk.edu

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4 2 N D A N N U A L TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE

AND

TRADE

SHOW

PLEASE COMPLETE, SIGN AND RETURN THIS FORM WITH YOUR PAYMENT. Please list all information as you would like it to appear in the 2008 TTA Annual Directory.

ADDRESS: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CITY/STATE/ZIP: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TELEPHONE: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FAX: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EMAIL: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PRIMARY FUNCTION COMMERCIAL VENDOR TURF MANAGER ❑ Commercial Lawn Care ❑ Equipment Dealer ❑ Golf Course ❑ Retail Center ❑ Distributor ❑ Parks & Recreation ❑ Landscaping ❑ Manufacturer ❑ Sports Field ❑ Irrigation Contractor ❑ Other_______________ ❑ Hotel/Resort ❑ DOT ❑ Hospital/Health Care ❑ Other_______________ ❑ School/University ❑ Cemetery ❑ Other_______________ PLEASE CHECK THE BOX FOR ADDITIONAL ASSOCIATION AFFILIATIONS:

❑ PGMS

❑ TNLA

❑ TVSTMA

❑ TGCSA

❑ Other _____________

Please list the first and last names of the persons attending the 2008 Conference & Trade Show. Attach separate list if needed.

❶ ❷ ❸ ❹ ❺ ➏ ❼ ❽

REGISTRATION OPTIONS ❶

❷

❸

❹

❺

➏

❼

❽

Primary Member Registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 175.00

TOTAL

Price includes 2008 Membership Dues

Associate Member Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 120.00 $

Registrants from the same facility are eligible for Associate Membership if the facility has two primary members.

Student Member Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

60.00

One Day Pass (Limit 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

75.00

One Day Student Pass (Limit 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

10.00

Awards Breakfast Ticket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

25.00

Endowment Fund Contribution ❑ Research ❑ Scholarship

❑

$ $ $ $

Extension

Please make checks payable to:

Tennessee Turfgrass Association • 400 Franklin Road • Franklin, TN 37069

GRAND TOTAL

(No Credit Cards)

TTA OFFICE USE ONLY

Date______________

Check No. ______________

Cash ______________

REGISTRATION FORM

COMPANY NAME: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CONTRACT FOR EXHIBIT SPACE

42ND ANNUAL TENNESSEE TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE AND TRADE SHOW PLEASE COMPLETE, SIGN AND RETURN THIS FORM WITH YOUR PAYMENT.

BOOTHS

SIZE

UNIT PRICE

BOOTHS 1 – 76

80 SQ FT

$495

QUANTITY

TOTAL

(Max limit of 4)

ADDITIONAL MEMBERSHIP TO TTA: (1 included with 10' x 8' booth rental.

$50

Attend the TTA Breakfast & Business Meeting!

$25/person

Tues., Jan. 15, 2008, 6:45 a.m.-8 a.m.

TOTAL

Please make checks payable to : Tennessee Turfgrass Association 400 Franklin Road Franklin, TN 37069 (No Credit Cards)

FIRST CHOICE

SECOND CHOICE

THIRD CHOICE

BOOTH PREFERENCE All reservations are made on a first-paid, first-reserved basis only. Please note the cancellation policy as outlined in the section of the brochure entitled “Rules & Regulations.” If electricity is required, please contact Jim Uden at (615) 591-8286 for Marriott form and further information. Purchased luncheon tickets will be included in vendor packet upon registration and setup. PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE THE FOLLOWING: NAME:

MEMBER NAME:

(Person responsible for the booth)

(To be included in Directory)

SIGNATURE: FIRM: (As your ID sign should read)

MAILING ADDRESS: CITY: TELEPHONE:

STATE:

ZIP: FAX:

EMAIL: **ADDITIONAL NAMES FOR BADGES: (**If more space is needed, please attach a complete list)

**ADDITIONAL MEMBERSHIPS: (**If more space is needed, please attach a complete list)

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTS/SERVICES YOU SELL OR PROVIDE:

RULES & REGULATIONS OPENING AND CLOSING: The exhibit officially opens at 2:30 p.m., Monday, January 14, 2008, and will close at 11:00 a.m., Tuesday, January 15, 2008. EXHIBIT SET-UP AND BREAKDOWN: General booth set-up will be from 9:00 a.m., Monday, January 14, 2008, until 2:00 p.m. All exhibits must be completed by 2:00 p.m., Monday, January 14, 2008.

INSURANCE AND FIRE PROTECTION: The Tennessee Turfgrass Association will exercise all reasonable care for the protection of exhibitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s material and displays. An official of the trade show committee will be on duty in the exhibit area during set-up and breakdown periods. The exhibit area will be secured during non-exhibit hours.

CONTRACT FOR SPACE: The application for space and the formal notice of assignment constitutes a contract for the right to use the space so allotted. In the event of fire, strikes, or other uncontrollable circumstances, the contract will not be binding. The Tennessee Turfgrass Association reserves the right to cancel any contract with any exhibitor any time prior to or during the conference.

LIABILITY: The exhibitor agrees to make no claim against the Tennessee Turfgrass Association nor its members or employees for loss, theft, damage or destruction of goods, nor any injury to himself/herself, or employees prior, during or subsequent to the period covered by the exhibit contract, nor for any damage whatsoever, including the damage to his business by reason of failure to provide space for the exhibit, nor for failure to hold the Conference as scheduled. The exhibitor, upon signing the contract for exhibit space, expressly releases the foregoing named conference and individuals from any and all claims for such loss, damage or injury.

USE OF SPACE: All demonstrations, interviews, distributions of advertising material or other activities must be confined to the limits of the exhibit booths. No exhibitor shall assign, sublet or share the whole or part of the space allotted without the knowledge and approval of the Tennessee Turfgrass Association.

CANCELLATION: In the event an exhibitor must cancel, and cannot exhibit, the following will apply. A. If the reserved booth or island can be contracted, a 100% refund will be granted. B. If the reserved booth or island can not be contracted, a 50% refund will be granted.

BOOTHS: There will be sixty five (65) 10' x 8' booths available. Each will be piped and draped. Each will have a 6â&#x20AC;&#x2122; skirted table, 2 chairs, wastebasket and one I.D. sign.

FLOOR PLAN

Please indicate preferences on Exhibit Space contract

I N D E X O F A DV E RT I S E R S

CA L E N DA R O F E V E N T S

Bayer www.bayerprocentral.com ....................................................9 BWI Companies www.bwicompanies.com ................................7, 22 Covermaster, Inc. www.covermaster.com ........................................9 Dickens Turf & Landscape Supply ..........................Inside Front Cover www.dickenssupply.com E & S Soil and Peat www.eandssoil.com ......................................18 Ewing Irrigation www.Ewing1.com ........................Inside Back Cover Greenville Turf & Tractor, Inc. www.JohnDeere.com ........................3 Harrellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Custom Fertilizer www.harrells.com ................................26 K-Rain Manufacturing Corp. www.krain.com ................................15 Keeling Company www.keelingcompany.com ................................21 Kesmac, Inc. www.kesmac.com ..................................................32 Lesco, Inc. ..................................................................................13 Mid Tenn Turf, Inc. www.midtennturf.com ....................................12 Patten Seed Company/Super Sod www.zoysiagolf.com ..................21 Pennington Seed, Inc. www.penningtonseed.com ..........................40 ProSource One www.prosourceone.com ......................................31 RCH Distributors www.seriousred.com ..........................................25 Regal Chemical www.regalchem.com ..........................................14 Shelton Landscape Supply www.sheltonlandscape.com ................29 Sigma Organics Inc., Nashville, TN www.sigmavalidation.com ........30 Smith Turf & Irrigation www.smithturf.com ......................Back Cover Southeastern Turf, LLC www.southeasternturf.com ........................21 Sur-Line Turf, Inc. ........................................................................31 Syngenta Turf & Ornamental ........................................................29 www.syngentaprofessionalproducts.com The Pond Lady www.thepondlady.com ..........................................18 The Scotts Company / Landmark Seed www.scottsproseed.com ......5 The Turfgrass Group ..............................................................19, 30 Turf Mountain Sod, Inc. www.turfmountain.com ............................29 Turf Specialties www.turfspecialties.net ........................................22 Turfgrass America www.turfgrassamerica.com ................................7 Winstead Turf Farms, Inc. www.winsteadturf.com ..........................27 WMI, Inc. www.wmitsh.com ........................................................41

November 12, 2007

MAGCSA Round Table Discussion Location: Cottonwoods Golf Club, Tunica Resorts, MS

November TBA, 2007

TVSTMA Lower East Tennessee Field Day Location: To be announced

December 9-11, 2007

28th International Irrigation Show Location: San Diego, CA

January 3-4, 2008

Mid-States Horticultural Expo Location: Kentucky Exposition Center, Louisville, KY

January 13-15, 2008

42nd Annual TTA Conference & Trade Show Location: Marriott Cool Springs, Franklin, TN

January 15-19, 2008

STMA Annual Conference and Exhibition Location: Phoenix, AZ

January 16, 2008

GCSAA Seminar Location: Marriott Cool Springs, Franklin, TN

Jan. 28-Feb. 2, 2008

Golf Industry Show and Education Conferences Location: Orlando, FL

February 4-5, 2008

TNLA Winter Education & Exhibits (Tennessee Nursery & Landscape Association) Location: Music Road Convention Center, Pigeon Forge, TN

February 4-8, 2008

TPI Midwinter Conference (Turfgrass Producers International) Location: Orlando, FL

February 8-11, 2008

ANLA Management Clinic Location: Louisville, KY

TENNESSEE TURFGRASS

OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2007

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