LINKING WORDS CONSECUTIVE: so + adj /adv + that (tan…que), such (a) + noun + that (tan….que)
e.g. It´s so nice that I ´ll buy it. e.g. This is such a beautiful story that I´ll read it again.
TO EXPRESS RESULT: as a result (consiguientemente, en consecuencia), so (por tanto), therefore (por lo tanto), consequently (por consiguiente), thus, as a consequence, for this reason, that is why e.g. She keeps her car in good condition, as a result,it always passes its annual road test. e.g. It´s raining, so I´ll take my umbrella. e.g. She wants to improve her English; Therefore, she´s doing an evening course.
EXERCISE 1. USE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS TO LINK TOGETHER THE FOLLOWING IDEAS. The men did a lot of damage. I will now have to replace a table and two chairs. (such …….. that)
The china and glass were packed badly. A number of valuable pieces were broken. (so ………that)
This is a beautiful place. I´ll stay here for my holidays. (such ………that)
The shelf is very high. I can´t get at the top of it.(so….that)
She´s reading a lot of books these days. She won´t be able to remember anything. (so many……that)
She drank wine. She couldn´t get up from her seat. (so much….that)
He drove through a red light. He was given a fine. (as a result)
Maria revised intensively for her finals. She passed everything. (therefore)
PURPOSE. para que)
1.
To,
in order to,
so that (para,
so as to,
To / in order to / so as to +
INFINITIVE
e.g. We stopped for a minute to rest in order to rest. So as to rest.
2.
So that
+ Clauses
Main clause Any tense except past.
so that – clause present, future, can
------------------past tense
--------------------could, would
e.g. I´ll buy English magazines so that my son can read them. reads them will read them
e.g I took my golf clubs so that I could play at the weekend.
EXERCISE 2 JOIN THE SENTENCES BY USING THE WORDS IN BRACKETS. Brad decided to travel to Madrid by train.He wanted to read on the way. (so that)
If you want to turn on this machine,press the “power”button.(in order to)
I´ve been reading a lot.I want to improve my vocabulary.(so as to)
She´s studying very hard. She doesn´t want to fail her exams. (so as not to)
She uses her video. She wants to have a recording of her favourite shows. (so that)
I slowed down. I wanted the car behind to be able to overtake. ( so that
We wore warm clothes. We didn´t want to get cold ( in ordernot to)
She locked the door. She didn´t want to be disturbed. (so that)
I hurried. I didn´t want to be late. ( so as not to)
She sent her son to the village. She wanted him to buy some bread. (to)
I´ve brought the book back. I wanted you to read it. (so that)
Please, give me some money. I want to go shopping. (so that)
He sent his daughter to England. He wanted her to improve her English.
(so that)
I gave him my address. I wanted him to contact me. (so that)
I bought some English magazines. I wanted to practise the language. (so
as to)
She´s going to Spain. She wants to learn Spanish. (so as to)
We moved to London. We wanted to live near our friends. ( in order to
He made those proposals. He wanted to bring the strike to an end. (in order to) She was wearing sunglasses. She didn´t want to be recognized. (so as not to)
His father sent him to Brazil. He wanted him to support Alonso. (so that
Let me have your telephone number. I want to ring you later. (so that)
CAUSE OR REASON: eg. Because of / Due to the weather, we stayed at home (debido a) e.g I turned off the radio as / since / because nobody was listening to it. (ya que / porque)
EXERCISE 3 Complete with one of the connectors above: 1.Doctors believe that some new diseases have appeared ______________ we take too many antibiotics
2.Many people have to use their cars to get into town _____________ the strike
3._______________ the heavy rains, many tourists changed their plans.
4.The football match was cancelled __________________the weather was awful.
5. Mike will be off work for six weeks ______________he wants to do a language course.
ANSWERS
EXERCISE 1. USE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS TO LINK TOGETHER THE FOLLOWING IDEAS. The men did a lot of damage. I will now have to replace a table and two chairs. (such …….. that) -The men such damage that I will…….. The china and glass were packed badly. A number of valuable pieces were broken. (so ………that) -The china and glass were packed so badly that a number…..
This is a beautiful place. I´ll stay here for my holidays. (such ………that) -This is such a beautiful place that I´ll ……
The shelf is very high. I can´t get at the top of it.(so….that) -The shelf is so high that I can´t …..
She´s reading a lot of books these days. She won´t be able to remember anything. (so many……that) - She´s reading so many books these days that she won´t …
She drank wine. She couldn´t get up from her seat. (so much….that) -She drank so much wine that she couldn´t…
He drove through a red light. He was given a fine. (as a result) -He drove through a red light,as a result he was given a fine Maria revised intensively for her finals. She passed everything. (therefore -Maria revised intensively for her finals. Therefore, she passed….. EXERCISE 2 JOIN THE SENTENCES BY USING THE WORDS IN BRACKETS. Brad decided to travel to Madrid by train.He wanted to read on the way. (so that) -Brad decided……..by train so that he could read …… If you want to turn on this machine,press the “power”button.(in order to) -In order to turn on…….., press the power button. -Press the power button in order to turn on the machine I´ve been reading a lot.I want to improve my vocabulary.(so as to) -I´ve…… a lot so as to improve …… She´s studying very hard. She doesn´t want to fail her exams. (so as not to) -………. very hard so as not to fail…… She uses her video. She wants to have a recording of her favourite shows. (so that) -…….. video so that she can have a recording ….. I slowed down. I wanted the car behind to be able to overtake. ( so that
- …….down so that the car behind could overtake
We wore warm clothes. We didn´t want to get cold ( in order not to)
- ……clothes in order not to get cold
She locked the door. She didn´t want to be disturbed. (so that)
- ……..door so that she wouldn´t / couldn´t be disturbed
I hurried. I didn´t want to be late. ( so as not to)
- I hurried so as not to be late
She sent her son to the village. She wanted him to buy some bread. (to)
- ……..village to buy …..
I´ve brought the book back. I wanted you to read it. (so that)
- …….back so that I can read it
Please, give me some money. I want to go shopping. (so that)
-……….money so that I can go ….
He sent his daughter to England. He wanted her to improve her English.
(so that)
- ………England so that her daughter could improve ….
I gave him my address. I wanted him to contact me. (so that)
-……address so that he could contact me
I bought some English magazines. I wanted to practise the language. (so
as to)
-……….magazines so as to practise…..
She´s going to Spain. She wants to learn Spanish. (so as to)
-…….Spain so as to learn….
We moved to London. We wanted to live near our friends. ( in order to
- …..London in order to live….
He made those proposals. He wanted to bring the strike to an end. (in order to) -…….proposal in order to bring …. She was wearing sunglasses. She didn´t want to be recognized. (so as not to) - …..sunglasses so as not to be recognised
His father sent him to Brazil. He wanted him to support Alonso. (so that - …….Brazil so that he could support… Let me have your telephone number. I want to ring you later. (so that) - ……number so that I can ring ….. EXERCISE 3 Complete with one of the connectors above:
1.Doctors believe that some new diseases have appeared ____because /as /since__________ we take too many antibiotics 2.Many people have to use their cars to get into town due to / because of_____________ the strike 3.___Due to / Because of____________ the heavy rains, many tourists changed their plans.
4.The football match was cancelled _____because / as / since_____________the weather was awful.
5. Mike will be off work for six weeks __because/as/____________he wants to do a language course.