Country Folks Grower Midwest 9.12

MidWest Edition n

Section One of Two

September 2012

GROWER

Volume e 11 Number r9

$2.50

Serving All Aspects of Commercial Horticulture

Greenhouse e • Nursery y • Garden n Centerr • Fruitt & Vegetable e • Farm m Marketss • Landscaperss • Christmas

Market your farm products effectively ~ Page A12 Long running urban agriculture show continues under new leadership ~ Page 4

Classifieds . . . . . . . . A18 Organic . . . . . . . . . . A14 Christmas . . . . . . . . . B1 Today’s Marketing. . A6

All Seasons Apple Orchard-Pumpkin Patch-Corn Maze

Page 2 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

by Kelly Gates When James Hong purchased 150 acres of land in Woodstock, IL, back in 1989, his intention was to open a small golf course or a driving range. But the entrepreneur ultimately decided to use the property to grow apples as he had back in his homeland of Korea.

James had a wealth of knowledge regarding apple tree production. However, according to James’ son Eddie, growing apples in the states was not exactly the same as it was overseas.

“At first, he struggled with the language barrier and because the environment here is much different than where he had worked at an orchard in Korea, the growing practices he had learned there didn’t always apply here,” said Eddie. “It was 1989, so there was no Internet then. In the early years, he basically learned what to do and not to do by experimenting.”

The grower eventually decided to study his craft. He enrolled at Michigan State University and took courses related to crop management.

However, one of the biggest lessons he learned during his 23 years in business was taught

offers live entertainment weekly. Most of the things that sets us apart from other u-pick performers are musicians. But this fall, a farms is our 3,000 to 4,000 Honeycrisp trees,” magician will join the list of people who add an he said. “Most other farms don’t have nearly as added layer of enjoyment for customers. many Honeycrisp, so they only sell them to All Seasons Apple Orchard-Pumpkin Patch-Cor n Maze will have other new attractions this year too.

“We just put in the ‘Golden Goat Bridge,’ a suspension bridge for the goats to walk overhead. People can walk all around and feed them from the ground,” said Eddie. “We also Hayrides are a big hit at All Seasons Apple Orchard-Pumpkin Patch-Corn Maze.

have pig races and all sorts of other activities to keep people interest- customers pre-picked in bins. We have enough ed each time they come back. We plan to con- to sell at farmer’s markets and use for baking, tinue those this year as well.” with enough left over for people to pick themAccording to Eddie, because many customers selves.” travel to the Woodstock location from Chicago, Honeycrisps are incorporated into many of the owners want to make the hour and a half the items made and sold at the onsite bakery. drive well worth it. There are apple pies, caramel apple nut pies, Once people are done apple cider donuts, apple cider and other enjoying all of the apple-based products. activities, picking The company also sells kettle corn, fudge, apples and wandering jams, jellies, nuts, dried fruit and a wide array around the orchards, of gift shop goods. the Hongs invite them The Hongs travel to destination orchards and to their on-site restau- fall farms throughout the country during the rant for an evening off-season, searching for more products and meal. attractions to make their business more In the past, the attractive to agritourists. They aim to continue restaurant mainly doing this year -after -year to keep things fresh served burgers, brats, and unique at All Seasons Apple OrchardAfter losing almost 75 percent of their apple crop, the Hongs decided to grow pumppizza and other easy- Pumpkin Patch-Corn Maze. kins as a way to diversify their farm income. to-make items. Soon, “Last year, we traveled to California to see outside the classroom — leveraging opportuni- there may be a food buffet or sit-down, full- what farms have that we may not,” said Eddie. service dining there.

“Every year, we want to add something new. ties that present themselves along the way.

“This year, we’ll be offering dinner service Through this process, we’ve chosen to focus on “About three years ago, we lost nearly 75 percent of our crop to frost in the spring,” which will keep people here long after the marketing our brand more heavily, getting rid explained Eddie. “We were primarily a u-pick orchard and related activities are closed,” said of some products so we only sell those that farm at the time and the idea of not having any Eddie. “We hired a cook and have thought have our brand’s label on them.”

Having the logo and company name on things apples to sell prompted us to try adding a about having the occasional fish boil or fish bunch of activities that would attract cus- fry. Whatever we do, our goal is to have some- like jam and jelly ensure that customers are thing unique that will make our customers’ still seeing it months after the fall orchard has tomers.” closed for the season, he added.

James, his wife Sue and Eddie opted to plant trip here even more well rounded.”

For many years, one of the biggest draws to Between better marketing practices and the pumpkins on a portion of their property as a means of making money that year. They creat- the place has been the wide assortment of unique mix of attractions and products that ed a corn maze in the shape of the orchard’s apple varieties at the u-pick orchard. There are people can purchase at the Woodstock site, it’s logo. And, they installed apple and corn can- more than 11,000 trees in production at All unlikely that any customers will be forgetting nons, dubbing the setup “The Shooting Seasons Apple Orchard-Pumpkin Patch-Corn about All Seasons Apple Orchard-Pumpkin Maze.

Gallery.”

Varieties include Several hay piles were built and named “Hay Macintosh, Mountain.” A slew of other attractions were Gala, Liberty, Honeycrisp, also thrown into the mix for good measure.

Golden “We built a playground for the children and Portland, Red put in a petting zoo,” said Eddie. “We also Delicious, began adding inflatables, like a bounce pillow, Delicious and Asian plus a cow train. And we hired performers to apples like Hosui and Shinko, among many come out each weekend.”

The many add-ons put into place that year others. Honeycrisp is in high not only helped the Hongs stay afloat, they especially resulted in a spike in sales. And, the company demand, particularly as prodper manently went from being called “All pick-your -own The Hongs added ‘The Shooting Gallery’ where customers can shoot apple and corn Seasons Apple Orchard” to “All Seasons Apple ucts, said Eddie.

“Honeycrisp is a big cannons.

Orchard-Pumpkin Patch-Corn Maze.”

Photos courtesy of All Seasons Apple Now a destination location, the orchard seller and one of the Orchard-Pumpkin Patch-Corn Maze

OFA Short Course a study in innovation

by William McNutt For the past 15 years, the OFA Short Course has been the largest held annually in the Columbus Ohio Convention Center. This year was no exception, as it moved up 50 spots to be the 150th largest on the national scene, continuing to occupy the number one spot as the largest horticultural event in the U.S. for garden center

Landscape Association and OFA — The Association of Horticulture Professionals, were joining together under the leadership of Michael V. Geary, current OFA chief executive officer, to create a new organization. Following the retirement at the end of this year of ANLA Executive Vice President Bob Dolobois, Geary will become chief executive of both OFA and ANLA. Both

Mike McCabe, Lawrenceburg, IN, was elected to a second term as OFA president.

Photo by William McNutt organizations will continue to be governed separately, with Geary leading the day to day operations of each. This is the culmination of a study to meet member requests that both organizations work more closely together to unify the industry.

OFA also announced at the Short Course that Dr. Charlie Hall had been appointed as its chief economist. Hall is a professor at Texas A&M University, holding the Ellison Endowed Chair in International floriculture. His expertise in production and marketing of Green Industry crops has gained national recognition, with major emphasis on strategic management, market outlook cost accounting, and financial analysis for industry firms.

As one of the first steps toward organizational coordination, OFA and ANLA announced the joint develop-

marketed directly to food coops, institutional and restaurant facilities, produce auctions and the like.

Partnering with other growers and/or contracting with outlets, CSA providers, produce auctions, and grocery stores can also help assure steady sales.

The list of alternative crops that can be grown inside or outside by those considering such a move are many, including green beans, Swiss chard, lettuce, cucumbers, herbs, peppers, squash, tomatoes, berries. OFA members at this session were told to be sure they understood the possible risks and to remember it’s always “flowers first.” Their research has shown that tomatoes were the least profitable, while lettuce came in first.

Another well attended session focused on garden centers looking for extra income, utilizing current facilities.

Adding food facilities to existing locations has become a primary source of extra income, but one with many pitfalls, particularly in meeting health regulations. It’s a natural for garden centers that already attract younger customers looking for sources of local, sustainable or organically grown food. Younger consumers are looking and willing to pay for, foods of this type, according to Jeff Warschauer of Nexus Corp., who led a panel of garden center operators who have already made the transition. Trends now range from cafes that offer simple ready-to-serve foods such as salads, pre-made sandwiches, pastry and other ready-to-eat foods, which keep costs down. Others prefer to offer food prepared on site in a full kitchen, which requires a large investment.

Charlie Cole of Cole Gardens, Concord, NH, has set up a Saturday direct market at his garden center that can accommodate 30 vendors at a charge of $30 each. This not only brings increased income, but increased traffic through Cole Gardens. Cheryl Street of Briggs Garden and Home has set up a café type restaurant in a rebuilt garden center. She has one vendor do some type of demonstration each week, along with regular cooking demos that include foods sold at the market. Most of her promotion is done online, along with local radio.

Foods served are easy to prepare, featuring high margin

items such as soups, salads and cookies. She buys chicken already frozen, and baked goods that can be held over.

Brigg’s centers offer free wi-fi, which Street feels attracts customers to the garden center.

Continuing the emphasis on food production, Bob Jones, Chefs Garden, OFA board member from Ohio, and Lloyd Traven, Peace Tree Farm in Pennsylvania, addressed the “naturally grown” question since both are exponents of sustainable farming. Traven says that organic and sustainable practices are at odds, that the biggest problem with organic is fertility, not pesticide management. He stated emphatically that organic rules are ridiculous — rules for organic certification are now set by the USDA and state by state interpretation is not allowed. Jones said there is no question that farmers using genetically engineered crop seeds have an easier time with weeds than those having to remove weeds by hoeing, but many of his client chefs want chemical free produce.

With 20 percent growth in the past five years, organically grown crops cost more, but customers seem willing to pay, most feeling that better nutrition comes from more “natural” cultivation methods.

Chefs Garden caters to chefs, many of whom come to the farm’s commercial kitchen to experiment with various produce and then contract to have it grown for them. This started when the Jones’s Farms transitioned from selling at farm markets, where chefs were buying much of their produce and asking for specific items for their restaurants. Now Chefs Garden ships to 49 states and 15 countries. It took awhile but they have learned how to ship produce long distances and have it arrive in mint condition. Bob Jones says he receives little pressure to go organic, but chefs do request assurance about the growing practices used. He says most of their product is 24 hours from field to plate, still growing when ordered, then harvested and shipped. The company provides more than 600 varieties of heirloom and specialty vegetables to its customers, with a total work force of 120 under the management of Bob Jones and his brother Lee, together with their father Bob Jones Sr.

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 3

retailers, greenhouse and nursery growers, landscapers, florists and interior landscapers.

More than 750 exhibit sites from 600 companies covered seven acres and 140 educational sessions were offered.

Attendees came from 25 countries and most of the U.S., for a total attendance of over 9,000. Sneak peeks of new flower varieties for the coming season drew grower interest, along with new types of ground covers. Much interest was created in types of vegetables that can be grown intermingled with standard decorative varieties of flowers, together with the addition of food courts to existing garden centers. OFA’s 84th trade show was truly a study in innovation for those attending.

Of major interest was the announcement during the four day convention that American Nursery and

ment of a new joint event for Jan. 31-Feb. 2 in Nashville, TN, to be know as “Next Level.”

The event is designed to help participants from both groups clarify a next level for themselves, expose them to new ideas and insights, and connect with like minded individuals, with a focus on education that emphasizes working on, not just in, their individual businesses. While this may turn out to be one giant networking conference, it can only be of benefit to those attending from both organizations.

Keynote speaker Sam Kass, White House Assistant Chef and Senior Advisor for Healthy Food Initiatives, an integral part of which is serving as consultant in the set up of the famous White House Garden stimulated by First Lady Michelle Obama. He assisted in the garden’s establishment, with regular work visitation and nutritional instruction given to children from many D.C. low income districts. The first year’s harvest provided 2,000 pounds of produce, primarily distributed to area food banks. Now nearing the end of its third year of operation, yields have doubled, with about two-thirds of the fresh produce now used in the White House kitchen. The remainder goes to charitable agencies.

This program has helped add bi-partisan legislation for school lunch improvement to the Farm Bill, including promotion of school grounds gardens and expanding funding for specialty crops. Many universities, especially those with agricultural colleges, set aside land for student gardens. Kass said a national conversation is opening up about the need to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables.

This spring, several OFA member companies, including breeders and garden centers, launched new or expanded offerings in the edible plant category to meet increasing demand for vegetables.

Research done by Plant Peddler and Banner Greehouses, presented at a well attended educational session, pointed out that filling seasonal production gaps with vegetables and other alternative crops reduces overhead costs, but expanding crop sales does not help if it doesn’t increase profits.

Primary emphasis should be given to utilizing spare capacity to produce fruits and vegetables

Long running urban agriculture show continues under new leadership

by William McNutt For 23 years the NBC television outlet in Columbus, OH, Channel 4, has enjoyed early Saturday morning horticultural commentary, featuring gardening, floriculture, lawn care and any other types of cultural advice, hosted by ex-county extension educator Tom McNutt. For most of that time, remote telecasts were featured from specialty grower locations, sent by satellite to the station and intermingled with general news commentary, plus commercials from a two person anchor team. Nearing his 80th birthday, McNutt is retiring from the advisory scene, to be replaced with another and younger Tom, Tom Wood, not only an OSU horticultural graduate, but owner-operator of Wood Landscape Services, located in suburban Hilliard. A long time member of

Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association, he also serves on their Education Committee.

Wood has an extensive background in specialty horticulture, plus a few years in the amateur acting field, beginning with high school drama classes, during which time he worked part time for several contractors, which helped him decide to major in the subject. After college graduation, his first job was as groundskeeper for Marriot hotels, plus helping develop other company properties along with a part time sideline of filmed commercials and appearances in industrial films. His next employment was with Buckeye Landscape, then with Red Roof Inns, at that time in high growth mode, for whom he traveled extensively, working with newly developed properties in much of the Midwest, plus

Cover photo by Joan Kark-Wren

When selling your products, tell customers what you grow and how; explain why you are a farmer and when you started farming, this will help in establishing a relationship with them.

Country Folks The Monthly Newspaper for Greenhouses, Nurseries, Fruit & Vegetable Growers

Page 4 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

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Tom McNutt, Marshall McPeak, weatherman and weekend anchor for Columbus Channel 4, and Tom Wood caught at retirement party for McNutt.

Photo by William McNutt several Southern states, opening prop- such an approach. Downtown populaerties during supervision of the land- tion in Columbus has increased by scape preparation. Still in a single almost 40 percent in the last few years, state, he enjoyed being away from his is now approaching 7000, a gain of hometown Columbus, plus gathering 2000 since 1910. In the same period of much knowledge about industrial and time, new housing construction in the home landscape development. After suburbs has slowed dramatically. Part several years the novelty of auditioning of this is due to the economy, of plus landscape development for other course, but national trends reflect the entities began to pale; marriage was on same movement, with such urban the horizon, along with the desire to areas as Washington, D.C. and Atlanta start his own business. gaining population from their suburbs.

Wood felt he had worked for enough This Saturday morning TV interlude companies while acquiring business has been one of the local NBC chanexperience to become confident he nel’s most popular, especially among could go out on his own. During his older retiree types who once proudly time with every company he worked maintained large gardens but are now for, he tried to discover the best thing feeling the urge to cutback. All indithey ever did and adopt it as his own cations are that a younger population philosophy. Wood Landscape Service is replacing them, just as eager to be is now 22 years old, with a $2 million engaged in urban agriculture, albeit on gross per year, 30-35 employees, spe- a much smaller scale. cializing in landscape design and When quizzed about his philosophy building, plus maintenance and lawn for bringing horticultural knowledge to service, working on a wholesale basis the public, Wood pointed out that in with contractors and builders. Based his undergraduate days thirty years on his apprentice years as an actor, he ago, horticulture was listed as a was more than qualified to become the growth industry; he feels strongly that voice of specialty agriculture in this has not changed, if anything it has Central Ohio. Long acquainted with expanded. Specialty crop growing is in McNutt’s TV programming, plus a unique position to lead the entire appearances at Garden Shows and agricultural industry. This is certainly ONLA activity, he joined 10 other true in the area of locally produced applicants for an appearance at the foods, produced and sold with the Springtime Home and Garden Show assurance of good soil stewardship, held yearly at the Columbus water management, rain gardens, Convention Center.

Billed as runoff control, and green roof growing “Apprentice with Tom (McNutt) for a off fresh food, all appealing to an day,” contestants appeared on stage increasingly urban population with an with Marshal McPeak, weather man inherent desire to return to what they and co-anchor for the Saturday 8-9 feel is a simpler life. Use of ornamentime slot, to answer questions posed tals, pot culture, integration of fruit by him, with Wood picked as the win- and vegetable crops into ornamentals ner, but who now says he did not get will grow among younger homemakers to do much apprenticing, since the with limited land capacity; all of them other Tom “would never give up the plus many more are in Wood’s areas of microphone.” Wood formally applied expertise, plus many more. He’s hit the for the job after talking to the station’s ground running, with plans to develop news director, doing his first show at programs a month in advance, as responsible as his predecessor for the end of May. The trend toward urban living has securing his own talent - a must if the expanded as younger singles and cou- programming is to be successful. Wood ples set their sights on the central city expects to spend his first year placing and away from suburban living, look- his own stamp on the TV screen, which ing for a home closer to work, conve- he describes as development of format, niently located restaurants and enter- content, logistics and delivery. You tainment. But this same younger pop- might even look for someone like him your neighborhood farm ulation is avid for garden and growing at space in their limited growing area and market,commenting on how the proare avid watchers of TV tips featuring duce on sale was grown and marketed.

USDA seeks applications for grants to help agricultural producers bring increased value to their products WASHINGTON, D.C. — Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack recently invited agricultural producers to apply for grants to increase the value of their products.

“Producers can greatly enhance the bottom line of their businesses and improve their economic prospects when they improve the value of their products, thus expanding their markets and customer base,” Vilsack said.

“The Value Added Producer Grant program (VAPG) has a proven track record of doing just that and I am

pleased to announce that we are inviting producers to apply for these grants by the deadline. The funds in this program enable America’s farmers, ranchers and rural business owners to find ways to expand their product offerings, revenue streams and create more economic opportunity by bringing additional value to what they already produce.”

Applicants have until Oct. 15 to apply. Vilsack emphasized that far too many producers are missing out on significant economic op-

portunities when their products are enhanced further away from the farm. “When our producers keep their value-added activities closer to the farm, it not only improves their bottom line; it strengthens our rural economy and strengthens our rural communities.”

USDA Rural Development is making up to $14 million in grants available for projects that help farmers and ranchers produce biobased products from agricultural commodities. The grants, which are competitively

awarded, are available for planning activities or for working capital expenses, but not for both. The maximum grant amount is $100,000 for planning grants and $300,000 for working capital grants. Generating new products, creating and expanding marketing opportunities and increasing producer income are the goals of the VAPG program.

For example, Unruh Greenhouse LLC in West Union, Iowa received a VAPG working capital grant to process and package local pro-

20082.pdf President Obama’s plan for rural America has brought about historic investment and resulted in stronger rural communities. Under the President’s leadership, these investments in housing, community facilities, businesses and infrastructure have empowered rural America to continue leading the way – strengthening America’s economy and strengthening small towns and rural communities. USDA’s investments in rural communities support the rural way of life that stands as the backbone of our American values. President Obama and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack are committed to a smarter use of Federal resources to foster sustainable economic prosperity and ensure the government is a strong partner for businesses, entrepreneurs and working families in rural communities.

USDA, through its Rural Development mission area, has an active portfolio of more than $170 billion in loans and loan guarantees. These programs are designed to improve the economic stability of rural communities, businesses, residents, farmers and ranchers and improve the quality of life in rural America.

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 5

duce for nearby grocery stores, universities and hospitals.

Schmidt Farms Inc. in Rawlins County, KA received a working capital grant to expand the market for their product lines which includes beef, chicken, and eggs. The company is a family farm that has been in the meat business for the last 25 years. They have been marketing their home grown beef directly to customers.

Schmidt Farms is building and expanding the market not only for their beef, but also for their chickens and eggs. The product lines will be marketed as being produced locally and produced farm fresh. Beef produced is promoted as being all natural and chickens as being free range and antibiotic free.

Businesses of all sizes are encouraged to apply, but priority will be given to operators of small and medium-sized farms or ranches that are structured as family farms, beginning farmers or ranchers, or those owned by socially-disadvantaged farmers or ranchers. Grants are available for projects up to 36 months in duration.

For information on how to apply, see page 48951 of the August 15, 2012 Federal Register, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pk g/FR-2012-081 5 / p d f / 2 0 1 2 -

The point of it all

Page 6 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

Most of us have indulged in the last minute purchase of candy, gum, magazines, batteries, sodas, or any number of impulse items displayed near a store’s cash register. In fact, merchandisers count on shoppers buying point of sales (POS) or point of purchase (POP) items, and spend huge amounts of money on attractive and enticing displays to point us in that direction as we shop. You may question how point of purchase sales relate to direct farm marketing ventures, but the same principles of impulse buying work equally as well at a farm market stand as in a chain store.

Shoppers may arrive at a retail outlet, farmers’ market, farm gate business or a roadside stand with an idea of what they want to purchase. They may have come for sweet corn or a pumpkin, but impulse buying sends them home with an additional jar of jam, some barbeque sauce and a pie for dessert. The psychology behind impulse buying is to display items that encourage shoppers to think about and ultimately purchase additional items before leaving the store.

Some in-store research has shown that 30 percent of people wait until they are in the store to either select a brand, or determine how much and what they will buy. Large stores do this type of research by actually tracking the buyer’s eye movements as they look over merchandise and make a final decision.

One agricultural marketer who produces honey products decided early on that having his product on the grocery store shelf with all the other competing products would not get him the sales he wanted. He decided to invent his own attractive point of purchase display and convinced chain store managers that it would increase his sales dramatically, as well as encourage shoppers to look at similar items nearby.

It worked!

Shoppers were attracted to the off-shelf display and purchased far more product than they might have otherwise. I hasten to add that this particular marketer had a background in advertising and sales, and knew how to present his ideas of store managers, but that doesn’t mean you can’t use the same ideas to increase sales at your own individual venue.

One of the main fac-

tors of point of purchase sales is to place items that you want to move near the final check out or cash register area.

Check out is where shoppers make that final decision about additional purchases. You have probably been in the same situation — if you forget an item that is at the back of the grocery store, chances are you will not go back for it. If that item is close enough to check out, however, you’ll probably make a run for it.

Placement then is the first of four major factors in successful point of purchase sales. Not all items will fit or even belong near check out, but how you display items encourages shoppers to think about additional purchases as they shop.

The second factor depends on attractive displays that draw the customer’s attention.

You’ve seen farmers’ market vendors build pyramids of bottled sauces, serve enticing fruit samples and group colorful items together.

Eye-catching displays ask buyers to spend more time shopping in a particular area, and the more time a shopper is in your booth or store, the more opportunity you have to sell additional items.

Today’s Marketing Objectives By: Melissa Piper Nelson Farm News Service News and views on agricultural marketing techniques.

Let’s clarify at this point that not all farm marketers feel comfortable with what they feel is “pushing items” on people. You will need to decide for yourself what your individual comfort level is with working to increase sales, but remember that sales are income. And income pays the bills. Impulse buying from a farm stand is certainly not oriented to consumer overspending for large ticket or non-food items. Items or product you want to sell through point of purchase sales should be backed by advertising and promotion. This is the third factor of POP success.

Advance advertising of items that will be prominently displayed plants the idea of buying before a customer comes into your store or

booth. A simple flyer on the door of your business or an email message to farmers’ market customers a day ahead provide the stimulus for a shopper to search for the POP display.

The fourth principle is always at the heart of a successful business — the product must inspire consumer confidence! While point of purchase sales are related to impulse buying, a poor product or something that is not worthy of your business will only serve to hurt future sales. If you wish to move a product, make sure it still represents the best of what you have to offer. There is a place for selling fruit seconds or items that require immediate sales, but be sure to identify them for what they are.

Customers expect that

even impulse items will be worthy of their purchase. In today’s purchasing world, a bad customer experience travels fast and hurts repeat business.

Point of purchase sales represent a good opportunity for you to engage in conversation with your customers and discuss the benefits of the product promoted. You can then introduce other products or new products one-onone to shoppers and educate as well as sell. Direct marketing builds on this important seller to shopper relationship that inspires customer loyalty and sales.

The above information is provided for educational purposes only and should not be substituted for legal or professional business counseling.

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Hydroponics: Revolutionizing greenhouse growing These days, greenhouse growers are faced with increased competition and the rising cost of labor, energy and crop inputs. To maximize return on their investment, growers are gradually diversifying their crops to include hydroponic vegetables.

Smart growers have realized that sustainably produced fruits and vegetables are a better investment and a more efficient use of time and resources.

Changing trends have increased opportunities for greenhouse growers to significantly increase sales and profits using their existing facilities operating year round.

Today’s hydroponic growing methods have proven to make growing easier and more reliable than field growing. Labor costs and crop input costs are lower, and quality is much higher.

Converting greenhouses from housing traditional plants to edible production is now very easy and low in cost.

The future is bright for

growers that choose to grow hydroponically in existing greenhouses.

The traditional greenhouse grower is comfortable producing bedding plants, flowering potted plants, potted foliage plants and cut flowers.

The regimen most familiar to seasoned greenhouse devotees is expensive and often financially unforgiving. These growers, used to a certain outmoded routine, are now faced with increased competition and the rising cost of labor, energy and crop inputs. To maximize return on their investment, growers are gradually diversifying their crops to include hydroponic vegetables — learning quickly that locally produced lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers are in high demand.

Sustainably and locally grown food is a very hot topic. Smart growers have realized that fruits and vegetables, grown year round in greenhouses, are a

better investment and a more efficient use of time and resources.

Big budget consumers, like school districts and restaurant chains, are making the switch to locally grown foods. States are increasing the percentage of fresh produce that makes up school lunches, helping students and faculty lead healthier lifestyles. Individual consumers are more interested in where their food comes from, and this interest will continue to grow and drive demand further upwards.

With transportation

costs skyrocketing and food safety concerns at an all time high, hauling food by truck, ship and air has become prohibitive.

With all these compounding matters, it should be obvious that local is the way to go, but produce managers and buyers have somehow not been able to meet the increased demand for locally grown foods.

These changing trends have increased opportunities for greenhouse growers to significantly increase sales and profits using their existing facilities oper-

ating year round. But the hesitance with which growers are adding vegetables and fruit to their offerings is baffling. A pre-existing

greenhouse can easily accommodate hydroponic growing with few adjustments.

Why aren’t more growers

Hydroponics 8

These hydroponically-grown tomato plants stretch high towards the domed ceiling of the greenhouse.

Converting greenhouses from housing traditional plants to edible production is now very easy and low in cost.

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Page 8 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

Hydroponics from 8 making this clearly advantageous switch?

Today’s hydroponic growing methods have proven to make growing easier and more reliable than field growing. Labor costs and crop input costs are lower, and quality is much higher.

Hydroponic and greenhouse yields are commonly ten times that of the field yield for a onecrop-per -year harvest.

In some cases, hydroponic and greenhouse yields have achieved one hundred times the field yield of Bibb lettuce. One grower in California grows 3.2 million heads per acre per year!

Hydroponic soilless growing offers savvy greenhouse growers the opportunity to increase the sales per square foot of their facilities by five or more times. To learn more about hydroponic growing, Dr. L ynette Morgan’s book Hydroponic Lettuce Production and Dr. Howard M. Resh’s Hydroponic Food Production (the 7th edition came out in August) are good places to start.

Converting greenhouses from housing traditional plants to edible production is now very easy and low in cost. Growers can convert their low to medium technology greenhouses to hydroponics without having to invest a substantial amount of money into a new greenhouse. Most growers, with some research and persistence, can tackle the project on their own.

A growing number of colleges and vocational schools have agricultural departments and curriculums catering to students with futures as passionate, qualified growers. Banks and other leading institutions that champion the locally produced food movement will stand and support this new generation of growers.

Many growers, new and old, have received lowinterest financing for their projects by said institutions that understand the economics

behind these endeavors. From the introduction of corporate CSA programs to businesses providing locally grown food in lunchrooms, meetings and conferences, it is clear that growers are quickly gaining larger allies

outside the agricultural industry.

The future is bright for growers who choose to grow hydroponically in existing greenhouses.

Low-cost investment and nearly unlimited market opportunities have spurred perceptive

growers to make the smart move to growing more edibles as a percentage of their total growing area. Will you make the same choice?

Growers Supply is the leading manufacturer of greenhouses, high tunnels, and hydroponic

systems, offering designbuild solutions for the horticulture industry.

Growers Supply is an expert in the field and can provide planning, design, startup and operation training. With a catalog of over 30,000 products, complete growing

systems can be custom designed to fit the needs of any business. For more information on Growers Supply and its line of engineered greenhouses and hydroponic systems, call 1-800-4769715 or visit www.GrowersSupply.com.

O’HARA MACHINERY, INC. 1289 Chamberlain Rd. Auburn, NY 13021 1-315-253-3203 PADULA BROS., INC. 133 Leominster Shirley Rd. Lunenburg, MA 01462 978-537-3356 SIRUM EQUIPMENT CO., INC. Route 63 Montague, MA 413-367-2481 HAMMOND TRACTOR Auburn, ME 207-782-8921 Fairfield, ME 207-453-7131 Union, ME 207-785-4464 STANTON EQUIPMENT INC. 105 S. Main St. East Windsor, CT 06081 860-623-8296 Fax 860-627-9832 R.N. JOHNSON INC. PO Box 448 Walpole, NH 03608 603-756-3321 POLE TAVERN EQUIPMENT SALES CORP. 670 Route 40 Elmer, NJ 08318 Z&M AG and TURF 3517 Railroad Ave. Alexander, NY 14005 716-591-1670 7615 Lewiston Rd. Oakfield, NY 14125 716-948-5261

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MOUNTAIN VIEW EQUIPMENT VT, LLC Middlebury, VT 05753 802-388-4482 COPE FARM EQUIPMENT 6401 SR 87 Kinsman, OH 44428 330-876-3191 Fax 330-876-8257 www.copefarm.com

OFA Board votes to form new association with ANLA COLUMBUS, OHIO — The Board of Directors of OFA, the Association of Horticulture Professionals, voted in July to begin the process of organizing a new association with the American Nursery and Landscape Association (ANLA). Following several months of working together in a joint venture, the working group comprising leaders from both organizations determined it was time to formally explore creating a new trade association.

OFA and ANLA announced in January 2012 the formation of a joint venture to support

business education and government relations activities. The vision statement adopted by OFA’s board of directors expressed the desire to form a new organization if it brings more value to our members and the industry.

Since June 2011, OFA’s executive committee has been meeting with ANLA’s leaders about the opportunity for and viability of a formal relationship between the two organizations. As early as the first meeting, the idea of forming a new organization has been discussed by the joint venture working group.

“We are listening to our members. Results of a membership and organizational study performed at the end of last year indicated that members of both associations want the organizations to work closer to unify the industry,” said OFA President Mike McCabe, owner of McCabe’s Greenhouse & Floral in Lawrenceburg, IN. “They want their industry association to be all encompassing — one that touches and links all pieces of the horticulture industry, which can be offered by a new organization. After significant exploration and evaluation the elected leadership of OFA determined this is the best way to meet the needs

of our members and the industry.”

The multi-faceted horticulture industry is undergoing dramatic changes.

Economic strains, generational differences and the changing interest in and need for gardening and landscape products are altering the way our products and services are valued by consumers. Governmental activity and inactivity, financial uncertainty and environmental changes are altering the way plants are being produced, bought and sold. In light of future opportunities and threats in this quickly changing environment, trade associations need to work together to build the capacity and governance structures to

properly serve their members and the industry.

The timeline is to have a new organization established no sooner than July of 2013 and no later than January 2014.

“This is not a merger.

This is taking the best of what both associations do to create a new organization that will advance the industry and better serve our members,” said Michael V. Geary, CAE, OFA’s chief executive officer. “We have many details to work through, but OFA’s leaders are committed to ensuring that our members are involved in the decision-making process. It’s an exciting time for both organizations and the future of the horticulture industry. The combined

215 years of service and resources will create a powerful and meaningful association.” The new association will replace OFA and ANLA. In further developments of the joint venture, following ANLA Executive Vice President Bob Dolibois’ scheduled retirement at the end of the year, Geary will become the chief staff executive of both ANLA and OFA beginning on Jan. 1, 2013. The organizations will continue to be governed separately, but Geary will lead the dayto-day operations of both associations.

To keep the industry up to date on the formation of the new organization, visit www.OneVoiceOneIndustry.com.

Jacto, Inc adds new VP of Sales Greg Imus has joined Jacto Inc. Tualatin, OR as Vice President of Sales and Marketing for the company’s new Small Farm Solutions business unit. Jacto, Inc. is a subsidiary of Máquinas Agrícolas Jacto S/A of Pompéia, SP, Brazil.

Jacto is Brazil’s market leader in spraying equipment for a variety of agricultural applications and does business globally.

Jacto Small Farms Solutions (JSFS) will focus on the needs of

small farmers around the world to aid them in efficient and economical production of crops.

Imus’s primary role will be to develop and enhance sales and distribution in North America, Central America and South Asia Pacific.

Formerly VP of sales, marketing and technical services for Shindaiwa Inc., in Tualatin, OR, Imus’s most recent position was Area Manager for Europe, Ocea-

nia and Africa with Maruyama Manufacturing Company of Tokyo, Japan.

“The prospect for working with Jacto on the new JSFS unit is very exciting,” affirms Imus. “There is certainly a good market opportunity. And, with Jacto’s engineering expertise and history of developing strong relationships with customers, we have the right combination to make a positive impact within our industry.

BioSafe Systems announces new and improved TerraClean 5.0 Bactericide/Fungicide

Irrigation

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ety of soil borne diseases, such as botrytis, pythium, phytophthora, rhizoctonia and verticillium, which can be used for both horticultural and agricultural applications.

TerraClean 5.0 is highly effective as a drip line treatment and may be used at any stage of plant growth. It stimulates stronger root growth and efficient nutrient uptake.

New labeling allows for pre-plant soil treatments for consecutive cropping applications, and soil treatments prior to seeding and planting at the curative rate.

TerraClean 5.0 is available in 5, 30, 55, and 275 gallon sizes. For more information about TerraClean 5.0, contact BioSafe Systems at 888273-3088.

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 9

BioSafe Systems introduces TerraClean® 5.0.

The new enhanced labeling provides a new active ingredient statement as well as use labeling instructions. TerraClean 5.0 controls a wide vari-

Page 10 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

Women often seen as faces of agriculture

by Cyndie Sirekis Many women who work in a wide range of careers — everything from law and communications to education and sports — find it beneficial to join organizations that focus on professional development and that can help them advance in their chosen field. Women in agriculture are no different. Many are turning to Farm Bureau Women’s Leadership Programs for professional development opportunities.

“A goal of the Farm Bureau Women’s Leadership Committee is to empower women to use their enthusiasm, dedication and talent to change perceptions about agriculture, family farms and ranches and the roles of women,” explained Terry Gilbert, chair of the committee and a farmer from Kentucky.

The WLC coordinates educational programs such as Food CheckOut Week in addition to offering leadership development programs open to all Farm Bureau women.

Women’s Communications Boot Camp, which has been held annually each summer since 2007, is one opportunity Farm Bureau provides for women in agriculture from across the country to improve their skills. All of those selected to participate share the same goal, to become better communicators. Public speaking, media training, effective use of social media and tips for seeking elected office are among the topics covered. An enthusiastic group of 15 women of varied ages involved in all types of farming from around the nation recently participated in two and a half days of intensive training.

“Again this year, a group of strangers come together, bonded through sharing intense training exercises and left a few days later with new contacts —

friends — that will last a lifetime,” Gilbert said.

“It’s encouraging to hear how Boot Camp graduates plan to use their new skills in their communities.”

Clearly, opportunities abound for women involved in agriculture today. Many of those opportunities center around helping people understand where food comes from and how it is grown or produced on family farms and ranches.

It seems likely that we’ll be hearing more from women about food and farming down the road.

A recently concluded national study of 70 land-grant universities found that undergraduate women enrolled in agriculture programs outnumber undergraduate men by more than 2,900 students. The Food and Agricultural Education Information System studied trends related to gender among undergraduate students enrolled in 14

agriculture academic areas at land-grant institutions between 2004 and 2011.

The increase in undergraduate women studying agriculture is a relatively new trend.

As recently as 2004, men outnumbered women by more than 1,400 students. By 2008, the number of undergraduate women and undergraduate men enrolled in agriculture academic areas was about equal.

This growth in undergraduate women studying agriculture tracks closely with an overall increase in women farmers tracked by the Agriculture Department. The department’s most recent Census of Agriculture revealed that the number of women farm operators increased by 19 percent (to 1,008,943) between 2002 and 2007.

Cyndie Sirekis is director of news services at the American Farm Bureau Federation.

FOCUS ON AGRICULTURE American Farm Bureau Federation • Since 1964 • Specializing in Trade Publications, Trade Shows, Commercial Printing & Mailing Services

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Growers Supply introduces LumiGrow® Pro Series horticultural lights The most powerful LED horticultural lights DYERSVILLE, IA — Growers Supply has teamed up with LumiGrow, Inc., the leader in smart horticultural lighting, to offer LED lighting solutions for greenhouse and controlled-environment agriculture environments. With the innovative LumiGrow Pro 325 and 650 Horticultural Lights, growers will reduce energy costs by up to 70 percent and boost yields by providing the exact light levels and spectra that plants need.

“With the LumiGrow Pro series, growers no longer need to choose between boosting yields and controlling operating costs,” said LumiGrow CEO Kevin Wells. He added,“The LumiGrow Pro series delivers the best of both worlds: tremendous power and energy efficiency unrivaled by any other light.”

LumiGrow Pro series lights feature a 50,000 hour rating without degradation, lasting up to 10 times longer than high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps.

Further savings are achieved because these fixtures run 70 percent cooler than HID lamps, reducing greenhouse cooling requirements.

The LumiGrow Pro series is available in two models. Pro 325, with a typical energy consumption of 325 watts, is designed for commercial greenhouses and controlled environment agriculture, and will provide growers with 70 percent energy savings compared to a 1,000-watt HID light. For growers and scientists who require a higher PAR output, the Pro 650 typically uses 650 watts and reduces energy costs by 40 percent versus a 1,000-watt HID light.

The LumiGrow Pro 650 doubles the red and blue photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) output of 1,000-watt HID fixtures and the LumiGrow Pro 325 achieves parity with 1,000-watt HID lights.

For more information or to order, call Growers Supply at 1-800-476-9715.

Lee Publications Subscriptions/Classified Ad Sweepstakes Grand Prize winner

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 11

James Barr (second from right) of 4-Barr Stock Farm, Arkport, NY was the lucky winner of the Lee Publications Subscriptions/Classified Ad Sweepstakes Grand Prize — a John Deere Gator 825. With him are (L-R) Ian Hitchener, sales representative for Lee Publications, John Griffith, sales representative for Z & M Ag and Turf and Bruce Button, general manager of Lee Publications. The JD Gator was supplied by Lee Publications in cooperation with Z & M Ag and Turf, with seven locations serving SW New York and NW Pennsylvania. Be sure to enter Lee Publications newest Subscriptions/Classified Ad Sweepstakes and have the chance to win a Club Car XRT 1550. Three ways to enter: 1. Buy a subscription. Your paid subscription to Country Folks will automatically get you entered to win a Club Car XRT 1550. 2. Place a classified reader ad. To place an ad call Peggy at 800-836-2888, fax 518-673-2381, e-mail classified@leepub.com or mail it to CF Grower Classifieds, PO Box 121, Palatine Bridge, NY 13428. 3. No purchase necessary. Send a post card with your name, farm or company name; complete mailing address, phone number, e-mail address and date of birth (must be at least 18 years of age on Dec. 30, 2012 to win). Limit one post card entry per address.

Market your farm products effectively

by Sanne Kure-Jensen Most farmers focus on production and don’t spend nearly enough effort on marketing. As with any business, this effort is critical to our success.

Sherry Simpson of Cranberry Hill Farm shared her marketing experience at the Beginning Women Farmer Conference earlier this year. Her three-step approach was simple, inexpensive and successful: Tell your story, Create a logo and Accessorize.

Simpson’s consumer-focused marketing strategies help her run a successful, profitable farm in Ashford, CT. Marketing Everything the consumer experiences, from the way your phone is answered, your business card, displays, website, to a newspaper story, is part of your business marketing. Make sure the message says what you want it to say.

Customers today want an “experience” rather than a “product.” If you aren’t interested in working directly with customers, Simpson suggests you hire someone who is more outgoing or sell wholesale.

Today’s trendy restaurants promote menus with “local” produce, greens and meats. Customers recognize the health benefits of eating fresh, local produce and pastured or free-range meats. Buyers support local farmers directly at Farmers’ Markets and Farm Stands, or indirectly where local farms’ products are featured in restaurants and grocery stores.

Tell your story “You are Local!” said Simpson. Be sure you remind customers and sell your farm and farm family. Tell what you grow and how; explain why you are a farmer and when you started

farming. Is it a multigenerational effort? Brag to your customers if you use best management practices, organics or Integrated Pest Management practices. Explain why you chose or didn’t choose heirloom varieties or breeds. Was it for disease resistance, flavor, consistency of the crop, etc?

Assume that your customers are not home gardeners and will need details.

Branding/logo Design a logo and use it on everything. Make it simple and clear. It could just be as basic as your farm name with an oval around it.

Have this logo printed or sewn on shirts, coats, hats or aprons to wear at Farmers’ Markets, Farm Stands, CSA pickups or during deliveries.

To improve your credibility, use appropriate partner logos on your brochures, fliers, website and Facebook page (e.g. your state department of agriculture logo or Harvest New England logo). If you are a member of NOFA, a Chamber of Commerce or other associations, include their logo as well. Be sure to request permission from the organization and have them send you a high resolution image rather than just pulling it from their websites.

Accessorize Print: Create business cards, product signs, tri-fold brochures, rack cards and signs. Each spring, or for special events, print and mail post cards. Simpson creates her promotional materials on her home computer. Be sure your rack cards have your farm logo, contact information, website, directions and something unique about you. ALWAYS carry business cards and rack cards. Bring rack cards to your local library, your town

Page 12 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

World d Famouss Doyle’s Thornlesss Blackberry Thomas E. Doyle (6/26/1900 1/13-01)

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hall, local stores, Chamber of Commerce, Visitors’ Bureau, garden centers and other relevant sites.

Place your business hours in the free calendar listings in your local newspaper, and online calendars.

Check with your local or state Visitors’ Bureau, tourism office or Chamber of Commerce to investigate their listing options.

Web: Establish a presence on the internet. Take advantage of all the free listings you can: your State’s Department of Agriculture and any member associations you belong.

Keep a list and be sure to update all these listings if you change your hours or want to promote a special event.

You can get national/international exposure with a free web page at www.LocalHarvest.org or Facebook.com. For southern New England exposure, request a listing at www.FarmFreshRI.org. Your page should include a farm description, images, contact information, where you sell, business hours, directions or map, a farm story and special farming

Market A13

Sherry Simpson & Art Talmadge of Cranberry Hill Farm in Ashford, CT with their booth at the Old Saybrook CT Farmers Market.

Photo courtesy of Sherry Simpson

Market from A12 practices. Add your farm and business associations, partners, product list, dates products available and customer reviews. You may also choose to invest in your own website.

Search or Google your farm name

frequently and see what is out there.

You may wish to link to a favorable story from your site. If there is an error posted, get it corrected right away.

Displays: Use a simple, long, onecolor tablecloth over your display

Advertise in Country Folks To Reach The Buyers You Need Regional or Coast to Coast Starting December 2005

table. Let your products be the colorful focus. Use multilevel displays between waist height and eye level. Always make bountiful displays. Refill the baskets or bins from backups in coolers under the tables, switch to smaller baskets or add something when you run low. Customers seldom buy the last of anything. Include something yellow for its eye-catching appeal.

Label everything! Print up 4 by 6 cards with your farm logo and your various product names and laminate them. You can use a wax pencil or marker to write in your prices. Make another set of cards with two or three brief, interesting facts about each item such as: especially sweet, long keeper, heirloom variety, organically grown, Italian seed, and include a cooking or recipe suggestion. Put these near the products. Consider offering recipe cards (with your logo, website and contact information) for customers to take with them.

Be profitable Be sure you evaluate your real production costs. Your time is valuable.

Set your prices to make a reasonable profit. Educate your customers that you deserve a living wage just as they do. Do not look around at other Farmers’ Market vendors and undercut their prices. This approach makes

everyone lose money on their efforts and products. You will do better to offer a quality product, display it in an attractive manner and act courteously.

Get the word out; get the visitors on the farm Simpson urged farmers to stay in touch with your State’s Department of Agriculture, Tourism Office and Visitors Bureau to learn about regional and local events. Participate in every relevant event you can for exposure to customers and to get your name out.

Some states have a state-wide farm weekend; if your site and insurance can support it, participate in that tour. Encourage farm visitors (on specific days and times) through your mailings rack cards and website.

Get media coverage whenever you can. Invite local and regional reporters to join your e-mail and postcard mailing list. Include television, print and online contacts. Contact them directly when you have a photo op or write and send press releases yourself.

To learn more about Cranberry Hill Farm, see www.localharvest.org/cranberry-hill-farm-M20409 or visit the farm’s Facebook page. If you have questions on marketing, contact Sherry Simpson via e-mail at cranberryhillfarm@att.net, or call 860-429-3923.

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NOVEMBER • Winter & Spring Planning • Northeast Greenhouse Conference Deadline October 11th

Contact (800) 218-5586 dwren@leepub.com

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 13

• Buyer’s Guide - Form due Aug. 31st • Christmas • Alternative Energy Deadline September 13th

O RGAN I C An introduction to Organic Certification Requirements

Page 14 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

by Jim Riddle, University of Minnesota Having trouble understanding the requirements for organic certification? If so, you’re not alone! This overview is intended to provide an understandable introduction to the National Organic Program regulation and certification requirements.

The National Organic Program Final Rule (NOP) was developed by the USDA to implement the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA). The NOP is based on recommendations of the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB), which was appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture to provide advice to implement OFPA and to review substances allowed in organic pro-

duction and handling.

The USDA issued the first proposed rule in December, 1997. That proposed set of standards would have allowed genetic engineering, irradiation, sewage sludge, antibiotics, refeeding of animal byproducts, and other practices long prohibited in organic agriculture. That proposal received 275,603 comments, and was withdrawn.

The second proposed rule was issued in March, 2000. It was much more consistent with existing organic standards than the first proposed rule. It received about 40,000 comments, and served as the basis for the “Final Rule,” issued in December 2000.

The Final Rule con-

tains an extensive list of definitions, organic production and processing standards, and the “National List” of allowed synthetic and prohibited natural substances. It also contains labeling, certification, accreditation, enforcement, and testing requirements.

The regulation went into effect on October 21, 2002. The text of the rule, along with policy statements, program updates, a list of accredited certifying agents, complaint procedures, and other related information can be found at www. ams.usda.gov/nop.

Under the regulation, any agricultural product can be produced using organic methods.

The NOP covers all agricultural products la-

beled and sold as “organic” or “organically produced.” The rule covers organic vegetable growers, orchardists, livestock producers, ranchers, processors, and handlers. Parts of the regulation even apply to retailers. It is good for organic operators to understand the requirements for other sectors, since these may affect parts of their operation.

While the NOP regula-

tion is relatively new, organic standards and certification have existed in the United States since the mid-1970s, beginning with California Certified Organic Farmers, Oregon Tilth, the Organic Growers and Buyers Association (MN), and the Northeast Organic Farming Association (Northeast). As the markets for organic products grew, so did the number of organic certification agencies.

Though the standards of the different agencies, and the states which defined “organic” through legislation, were similar, there were differences. These differences sometimes resulted in trade difficulties and disputes between regions over whose standards were more “organic.”

OFPA was passed by Congress in 1990 to begin the process of

Certification A15

Certification from A14 resolving the differences and establishing one set of national standards.

Those standards are now in place. All certifiers who operate in the U.S., and all certifiers who certify products sold as “organic” in the U.S., must follow the NOP, and they must be accredited by the USDA to show that they have the competence and freedom from conflict of interest to certify organic products.

“Organic production” is defined by the regulation as “a production system that is managed … to respond to sitespecific conditions by

integrating cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity.”

In simplified terms, the National Organic Program standards for crop farms are as follows: • 3 years (36 months prior to harvest) with no application of prohibited materials (no synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or GMOs) prior to certification; • distinct, defined boundaries for the operation; • proactive steps to

prevent contamination from adjoining land uses; • implementation of an Organic System Plan, with proactive fertility management systems; conservation measures; and environmentally sound manure, weed, disease, and pest management practices; • monitoring of the operation’s management practices to assure compliance; • use of natural inputs and/or approved synthetic substances on the National List, provided that proactive management practices

• no field burning to dispose of crop residues (may only burn to suppress disease or stimulate seed germination – flame weeding is allowed); and • no residues of prohibited substances exceeding 5 percent of the EPA tolerance (certifier may require residue analysis if there is reason to believe that a crop has come in contact with prohibited substances or was produced using GMOs).

All operations producing and/or selling organic products must keep records to verify compliance with the regulation.

Such records must: • be adapted to the particular operation; • fully disclose all activities and transactions of the certified operation in sufficient detail as to be readily understood and audited; • be maintained for at least five years beyond their creation; and • be sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the regulation. The operator must make the records available for inspection.

Organic System Plan forms are typically provided by certifying agents as part of the application process. The plans must be updated annually, and operators are required to notify their certifying agents of all changes to the operation which might affect

epub.com

www.le

the operation’s certification status. Organic operations must follow their Organic System Plans, and they must be inspected at least annually.

All producers and handlers who sell over $5000/year in organic products must be certified. Producers and handlers who sell under $5,000/year do not have to be certified, but they still have to follow the NOP. Non-certified organic producers can sell their products directly to customers or to retail stores, but their products cannot be used as organic ingredients or feed by other operations, and they cannot use the “USDA Organic” seal.

Though the NOP requirements are similar to previous organic standards, there are some significant differences, and there are areas of continued controversy, confusion, and clarification.

Despite the level of detail in the NOP, some interpretation is required for local variations and new conditions. It is always a good idea to check with certification agencies to get your questions answered, especially before purchasing or applying materials.

For more information on Organic Certification go to www.extension. org/organic_production Source: www.extension.org

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 15

are implemented prior to use of approved inputs; • no use of prohibited substances; • no use of genetically engineered organisms (GMOs), defined in the rule as “excluded methods”; • no use of sewage sludge or irradiation; • use of organic seeds, when commercially available (must not use seeds treated with prohibited synthetic materials, such as fungicides); • use of organic seedlings for annual crops; • restrictions on the use of raw manure and compost; • must maintain or improve the physical, chemical, and biological condition of the soil, minimize soil erosion, and implement soil building crop rotations; • fertility management must not contaminate crops, soil, or water with plant nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals, or prohibited substances; • maintenance of buffer zones, depending on risk of contamination; • prevent commingling on split operations (the entire farm does not have to be converted to organic production, provided that sufficient measures are in place to segregate organic from non-organic crops and production inputs);

Page 16 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

Ohio State names new VP for agricultural administration COLUMBUS, OHIO — The Ohio State University has named alumnus Bruce McPheron vice president for agricultural administration and dean of the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences.

McPheron is currently dean of the College of Agricultural Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University and will start his new appointment on Nov. 1, 2012, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees.

He will succeed Bobby Moser, who has served as dean and vice president since 1991.

Moser announced his retirement in September 2011.

“Dr. McPheron is an Ohioan by birth, an Ohio State alumnus, and spent three years working as a county Extension educator in the state,” said Ohio State President E. Gordon Gee. “He brings a global view and worldwide experience back to Ohio to lead one of Ohio State’s most important educational programs. I am delighted that we have been fortunate enough to attract him back home.”

Originally from Kenton, Ohio, McPheron began his career as a 4H county Extension educator in Ohio in the early 1980s and, since 1988, has worked in research and teaching at Penn State’s College of Agricultural Sciences.

For more than a decade, he has served on the college’s leadership team, first as associate dean and director of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station and as dean since 2009.

“I look forward to my return to Ohio and The Ohio State University,” McPheron said. “The importance of agriculture in the state’s economy demands that we provide cutting-edge science to solve problems in food security, human health, and food safety. Ohio State has a national reputation for translating research to practice, an absolute necessity as we demonstrate that agricultural

innovation is a job creator in partnership with the private sector.

“The educational mission of the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences is equally important. OSU Extension is literally the front door to the university in every community in Ohio, and our resident instruction programs will ensure that we fill the pipeline with career -ready graduates who will lead the way in food, energy, and envi-

ronmental systems,” he said.

McPheron has testified before the U.S. House of Representatives regarding the Farm Bill and the importance of the programs authorized under that legislation for the integrated research, Extension, and higher education mission of the nation’s land-grant universities.

A highly respected scholar, McPheron is known globally for his research in insect ge-

netics, including the development of new genetic tools for monitoring the spread of invasive fruit fly species.

His scholarly interests also include international agriculture and agricultural biosecurity with research conducted throughout much of Latin America, in Africa and in Australia.

McPheron has a national reputation in agricultural leadership that includes serving as chair of the experiment station component of

the Board of Agriculture Assembly of the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities (APLU). He now serves as chair elect of APLU’s Policy Board of Directors of the Board on Agriculture Assembly and has served nationally in LEAD-21, the country’s professional development program for agricultural leaders that promotes linkages among research, academics, and extension.

McPheron earned his

bachelor’s degree in entomology with honors at Ohio State, and both his master’s degree in biology and doctorate in entomology at the University of Illinois.

McPheron and his wife, Marilyn, an artist and children’s book author and illustrator, have two children.

Their son is a Navy rescue swimmer and antisubmarine warfare specialist, and their daughter is a senior majoring in photography at Penn State.

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WGIF Hall of Fame welcomes two inductees

Two people who have both had a tremendous impact on the Green industry; two people who have worked tirelessly

to make a difference; two people who inspire others: two new Wisconsin Green Industry Federation Hall of Fame

members. WGIF extended its congratulations to Melinda Myers and Greg Long along with a wholehearted thank you for their dedication to Wisconsin and the Green industry.

Melinda Myers is an award winning author, nationally known television and radio expert,

columnist, contributing editor for two national magazines, horticulture instructor and career liaison between students and Green industry professionals, speaker, arborist, promoter of the industry and of WGIFthe list goes on and on.

As CFGW Vice President George Radtke put it, “A

Greg Long

Family Owned and Operated Since 1956 Seedlings * Transplants * Christmas Trees Quality Stock * Competitive Prices * Dependable Customer Service

Visit our Web site @ www.needlefastevergreens.com to see our farm and complete price list.

4075 W. Hansen Rd., Ludington, MI 49431 (877) 255-0535 (231) 843-8524 Jim Nickelson, Owner* email nickel@needlefastevergreens.com

Melinda Myers, 2012 WGIF Hall of Fame inductee.

Fred’s Water Service We stock parts for most spray pumps including: Ace, Bertonlini, Comet, Du-All Pump Line F.E. Myers, Hypro, John Bean Please call for availability, we have many parts for older model pumps 2638 Townline Rd., Madison, Ohio 44057 PH: 440-259-5436 Fax: 440-259-4795 Web: www.fwservice.com

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industry. However, Greg may be best known for his unflagging efforts to bring an industry perspective to state invasive plant policies.

In 2001, Greg was appointed to the first Governor’s Task Force on Invasive Species as the only industry representative. Then in 2004, when the Wisconsin Council on Invasive Species was created, Greg was the only representative from the original task force that Governor Doyle chose to appoint. In 2008, he was selected to receive the Invader Crusader Award, recognizing his exemplary work addressing the issue of invasive species in the state.

For over a decade, Greg has provided, and continues to provide, a vital link between the Green industry and state agencies as standards ruling the control, sale, and distribution of invasive plants evolve. He has been instrumental in helping those in the Green industry that had concerns about the impacts of invasive plant policies on their business to becoming partners in this process. Considering the large number of Green industry companies and their many employees and owners, a positive ecological outcome, which is integrated with long term economic stability is crucial for the entire state.

With the support and love of his wife Diane and his three lovely daughters, Greg has dedicated himself to the advancement of the Green industry in Wisconsin.

Melinda and Greg will be presented with their awards at separate events. Melinda Myers will be inducted into the WGIF Hall of Fame at the Fall Greenhouse Conference of the Commercial Flower Growers of Wisconsin, set for Oct. 10 at Floral Plant Growers in Denmark, WI. Greg Long will be inducted at the Wisconsin Nursery Association’s Winter Workshop, Feb. 7, 2013 at Olympia Resort in Oconomowoc.

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 17

Du-All Pumps Sales & Service Durand-Wayland - John Bean Sprayers

one-person whirling dervish, Melinda Myers is the face and voice of horticulture in Wisconsin.” He went on to say, “There are two necessary components to the Green industry-neither can exist without the other. They are the customers and the workers, those who do the work, the growers, garden centers, landscapers, etc. Melinda Myers’ lifetime work has introduced, inspired and taught both the customers and the workers, nurturing and advancing the industry, possibly more than any other person in Wisconsin.”

The keystone to Melinda’s accomplishments is her ability to engage people to have fun and enjoy the beauty and nature of gardening, encouraging them to succeed, readily sharing her knowledge, and imparting her love of gardening with genuine and heartfelt authenticity to both new and experienced gardeners all over the country. In turn, our industry benefits greatly in countless ways from her efforts.

A licensed landscape architect and the owner of Needles and Leaves Nursery, Greg Long also served on the Board of Directors and as president of both WNA and WGIF. He is a member of several other state and national professional organizations and has won numerous awards for his talents as a landscape architect as well as his dedication and service to the horticultural industry. His understated manner, quiet determination, professionalism, and hard work have enabled him to achieve many accomplishments for WGIF and for our

Country Folks Grower Classifieds

( 800 ) 836-2888 PO Box 121, 6113 State Hwy. 5 ( ) Fax: 518 673-2381 Palatine Bridge, NY 13428 E-mail: classified@leepub.com Announcements # # # # #

ADVERTISERS Get the best response from your advertisements by including the condition, age, price and best calling hours.

Also we always recommend insertion for at least 2 times for maximum benefits. Call Peg at 1-800-836-2888

Page 18 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

CHECK YOUR AD - ADVERTISERS should check their ads. Lee Publications, Inc. shall not be liable for typographical, or errors in publication except to the extent of the cost of the first months insertion of the ad, and shall also not be liable for damages due to failure to publish an ad.

Adjustment for errors is limited to the cost of that portion of the ad wherein the error occurred. Report any errors to Peg Patrei at 518-6733237 ext. 111 or 800-8362888.

Number / Classification 35 Announcements 50 Applicators 80 Auctions 110 Bedding Plants 120 Bees-Beekeeping 130 Bird Control 155 Building Materials/ Supplies 165 Business Opportunities 210 Christmas Trees 235 Computers 330 Custom Services 415 Employment Wanted 440 Farm Machinery For Sale 445 F a r m M a c h i n e r y Wanted 470 Financial Services 500 For Sale 505 Forklifts 510 Fresh Produce, Nursery 515 Fruit Processing Eq. 530 Garden Supplies 535 Generators 570 G r e e n h o u s e Plugs/Cuttings 575 Greenhouse Supplies 580 Groundcover 605 Heating 610 Help Wanted 680 Irrigation 700 Lawn & Garden 805 Miscellaneous 820 Nurseries 840 Nursery Supplies 855 Orchard Supplies 910 Plants 950 Real Estate For Sale 955 Real Estate Wanted 1035 Seeds & Nursery 1040 Services Offered 1130 Tractors 1135 Tra c t o r s, Pa r t s & Repair 1140 Trailers 1155 Tree Moving Services 1165 Trees 1170 Truck Parts & Equipment 1180 Trucks 1190 Vegetable 1205 Wanted

Announcements

Announcements

OCTOBER ISSUE

Thursday, September 13th For as little as $9.25 - place a classified ad in

Country Folks Grower

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WHOLESALE GROWERS OF QUALITY SMALL FRUIT PLANTS BLUEBERRIES ARE OUR SPECIALTY Grapevines Blueberries Jostaberries Gooseberries

Red Raspberries Purple Raspberries Yellow Raspberries Black Raspberries

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607-769-3404 607-324-0749 eves

Announcements NEED BUSINESS CARDS? Full color glossy, heavy stock.

250 ($45.00); 500 ($60.00); 1,000 ($75.00). Call your sales representative or Lee Publications 518-673-0101 Beth bsnyder@leepub.com

Fruit Processing Equipment FOR SALE: Heavy Duty Apple Hand Parer/Slicer Combination. 15 to 20 apples per minute with 2 operators. $995.

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Stakes included. Only $15.00 each. Call your sales representative or Beth at Lee Publications 518-673-0101 or bsnyder@leepub.com. Please allow 7 to 10 business days when ordering.

Business Opportunities

Fruits & Berries

WHOLESALE NURSERY, INC.

ADVERTISING DEADLINE

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Fresh Produce, Nursery

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Specializing in Edible Landscaping.

Blueberries, Blackberries, Raspberries, Grapes, and Fruit Trees.

TN: 931-467-3600 • Fax 931-467-3062 email sales@freedomtreefarms.com www.freedomtreefarms.com

Greenhouse Plugs/Cuttings VINCA VINE (3ppp) DRACEANA, SPRINGERI, Iboza, Wandering Jew (3ppp) Swedish & German Ivy; 72 Trays $.30 Save Brokerage Fees BUY DIRECT. Green Earth Nature Center, LLC®, 785 N. Bell School Road, Rockford, IL 61107.

Toll Free 855-223-6681 www.greenearthnaturecenter.com

Business Opportunities

Do You Grow Grapes?

Do You Make Wine?

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Greenhouse Supplies CARLIN HORTICULTURAL SUPPLIES, 800-657-0745.

Greenhouse, Grower, Lawn & Garden and Landscape S u p p l i e s. O r d e r o n l i n e ! w w w. c a r l i n s a l e s. c o m info@carlinsales.com COCONUT FIBER BLOCKS, shrink wrapped, 5 liter, as low as 35¢. Triumph Plant Company 845-634-5060 jej@triumphplant.com

Heating

Help Wanted

www.wineandgrapegrower.com Or Call For a Sample Copy

WRITERS WANTED

800-218-5586

Christmas Trees NW OREGON CHRISTMAS TREES! 15,000-20,000 available. 4’-11’. Noble Fir. Great prices. #1’s. 503-829-9402 sandctreefarm.com

Fencing

Fencing

F O R SALE

CHRISTMAS TREES & CEDAR POSTS CHRISTMAS S TREES S HIGH H QUALITY

Sheared d & Naturall Christmass Treess up p to o 12'+ Balsam and Fraser Fir

CEDAR R POSTS Farm Equipment FOR SALE: MINI STRAW BALERS, makes ornamental bales 3”x4”x7” or 4”x5½x10” bales. Sell well at auctions, markets, stands. Low inputs, great returns. Send for information. Countryside Machine Shop, 2682 460TH Road, Gentry, MO 64453

POSTS: 7', 8', 12' 4x4 POSTS: 8', 9' RAILS: 12'6" (pheasant fencing) 16" shingle block

2011 1 Forestryy Stewardship p Award Duane e orr Janett Olson Phone:: 715-623-6590 E-mail: olsonsbalsams@hotmail.com Website: www.olsonsbalsams.com

Country Folks Grower is looking for self-motivated free-lance writers to contribute to their monthly horticulture trade paper.

Knowledge of the industry a must.

Articles could include educational topics as well as feature articles.

Please send resume to Joan Kark-Wren jkarkwren@leepub.com or call 518-673-0141

Country Folks Grower Classifieds

( 800 ) 836-2888 PO Box 121, 6113 State Hwy. 5 ( ) Fax: 518 673-2381 Palatine Bridge, NY 13428 E-mail: classified@leepub.com Native Plants

Refrigeration

NATIVE GRASSES, sedges, rushes, wildflowers, and herbaceous plants for use in wetland mitigation, restoration, and landscape design.

Contract growing available.

Signature Horticultural Services, Freeland, MD. Call 410329-6466 or fax 410-3292156.

AMERICAN WHOLESALE CO.

NEW/USED WALK-IN-COOLER ~ FREEZER BOXES ~ REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS ~ EQUIPMENT Large Inventory ~ All Sizes • Buy • Sell ~ Nationwide • Wholesale Prices

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Nursery Stock Available - Fruit, Shade, Ornamental Trees - Flowering Shrubs, Small Fruits, Roses, Vines - Rhubarb, Asparagus, Horseradish And More!

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Contact us for a current catalog. PO Box 661953, Arcadia, CA 91066. (P) 626-4451233, (F) 626-445-3779, hvis@visseed.com, www.visseed.com

Bareroot - Containerized - Packaged Small Minimum Orders/Free Color Picture Tags Mention This Ad for Early Order Discount

Box 66 Phelps NY 14532 • 877-268-2151 • Fax 315-548-8004

FOR SALE

UPSTATE NEW YORK Property has 2 ranges of greenhouses totaling 300,000 S.F. Lower range consists of 12 36’x358’ ridge & furrow aluminum frame with double acrylic covering. This range has recent Priva Environmental computer system. Heating system consists of 2 oil fired low pressure steam boilers in separate building. This range also has refrigerator in separate building with loading docks. All greenhouse equipment included. Plus 100+/- acres!!

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Mounted or Unmounted. Just bring in or send us your photo at Lee Publications. Call 518673-0101 bsnyder@leepub.com

German White 2.5” avg.

German Red 2”+ Spanish Roja 2”+ Elephant Garlic Large Bulbs - Good Keeper Quantity Discount Available

Stan and Adeline Erkson 259 Salt Springville Road Fort Plain, NY 13339-4316

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email: info@alphagarlicfarm.com www.alphagarlicfarm.com

Protects & Prevents damage from: • Mowers & Trimmers • Sun Scald • Rodent Damage • Deer Antler Rubs • “Girdling” from Rabbits • Shipping

• Corrugated • UV Stabilized • Available in sizes: 2” x 24” 2” x 30” 2” x 36” 2” x 48” 3” & 4” also available

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“Certified Organic” Garlic Seed Music German White German Red Ukranian Red Spanish Roja Bulk Discounts www.skymeadowgarlicfarms.com

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Hazzard’s Plants and SeedsOver 8000 seed varieties and thousands of plants availablewholesale and retail. Easy order on-line All pictured. www.hazzardsgreenhouse.com or call 989-872-5057

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www.equipmentexplorer.com • Search All of our Auction and Used Equipment Ads at One Time!

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are combined into our searchable database.

www.equipmentexplorer.com

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 19

Real Estate For Sale

Services Offered

WEDDING INVITATIONS printed and designed by Lee Publications: 100 (4.5x6) Invitations including envelopes with 100 RSVP postcards.

Only $150.00 +tax. We can also do smaller and larger amounts. Call for pricing and designs 518-673-0101, or bsnyder@leepub.com Also Save the Dates • Shower Invitations • Baby Announcements and more.

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Vegetables

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COMPLETE LIST of deciduous and evergreen seedlings and transplants at www.hramornursery.com or call 231-723-4846 Hramor Nursery LLC, 2267 Merkey Rd., Manistee, MI 49660

Real Estate For Sale

Trees

McMinnville, Tennessee

Nursery Liners

Nursery Stock

Refrigeration

Country Folks Grower Classifieds

( 800 ) 836-2888 PO Box 121, 6113 State Hwy. 5 ( ) Fax: 518 673-2381 Palatine Bridge, NY 13428 E-mail: classified@leepub.com

Calendar of Events

Page 20 - Section A • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

E-mail announcements of your regional event(s) to: jkarkwren@leepub.com We must receive your information, plus a contact phone number, prior to the deadline that’s noted under the Announcements heading on the 1st page of these Grower Classifieds. *** SEP 10-12 OFA Perennial Production & Retail Conference Amway Grang Hotel, Grand Rapids, Michigan.

This unique event offers an intimate educational and networking experience focused on perennials.

Through seminars, a tour, hands-on workshops for producers and retailers, and a trade show, learn everything you need to know about perennial production and retailing.

All registrations include breakfast, lunch, trade show admission, reception, and networking events.

On Internet at http:// perennialconference.org/per ennial/registration/ perennial/registration.aspx SEP 18 Farm Science Review Molly Caren Agricultural Center, London, Ohio. Major outdoor trade show featuring agricultural businesses and agencies plus demonstrations and displays by agriculture and conservation related Ohio State University programs. Call 614-2924278.

On Internet at http://fsr.osu.edu.

SEP 20-22 Ozark Red, White & Blooms: America in Bloom Symposium & Award Programs Feyetteville, AR. Call 614-487-1117 or e-mail aib@ofa.org. On Internet at www.americainbloom.org SEP 27-29 The landscape Show Orange County Convention Center, 9800 International Dr., Orlando, FL. The show draws over 7500 attendees, over 400 exhibitors and offers many activities. On Internet at www.fngla.org OCT 25-27 Planet Green Industry Conference Kentucky Expo Center & the Louisville Downtown Marriott, Louisville, KY. On Internet at www.

GreenIndustryConference.or g

NOV 2-6 2012 Irrigation Show & Education Conference Orange County Convention Center, Orlando, FL. Call e m a i l info@irrigationshow.org.

NOV 7 Southeast Strawberry Expo Hilton Charlotte University Place, Charlotte, NC. Farm tour, workshops, educational sessions and trade show.

Contact NC Strawberry Association, 919-542-4037 or e-mail info@ ncstrawberry.com. On Intern e t a t www.ncstrawberry.com NOV 19-20 70th Annual State Convention Ramada Plaza Minneapolis, 1330 Industrial Blvd NE (I35W at exit #22), Minneapolis, MN. Call 651639-1223, 800-969-3380.

On Internet at http://mfu.org/node/928 DEC 4-6 2012 Great Lakes Expo DeVos Place Convention Center, 303 Monroe Ave. NW, Grand Rapids, MI. On Internet at www.glexpo.com JAN 3-4 Tennessee Green Industry Expo Nashville Convention Center, Nashville, TN. Contact Tennessee Nursery & Landscape Association, 931-473-3951 or e-mail mail@tnla.com. On Internet at www.tnla.com JAN 9-11 ISCAOC Conference & Trade Show Crowne Plaza Hotel & Convention Center, Springfield, IL. For more information or for a 2013 conference brochure, Contact: Illinois Specialty Growers Association, 1701 Towanda Ave., Bloomington, IL 61701.

Call 309-557-2107 or e-mail cblary@ilfb.org.

FEB 1-6 28th Annual NAFDMA Convention - Pacific Northwest 2013 Doubletree by Hilton Hotel, Portland, OR.

www.cfgrower.com

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If you have used equipment for sale, ask about our group of weekly farm newspapers that cover from Maine to North Carolina.

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September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section A - Page 21

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of the tree and place the tree in the stand. Let the tree soak up the solution overnight, and there's no need to water again for up to four weeks.

Christmas Vacation is biodegradable and contains no toxic chemicals.

Christmas Vacation can also be used to keep poinsettias and other potted plants from drying out. Just mix two capfuls of Christmas Vacation with a cup of water (or three ounces per gallon of water). Apply the solution as a watering to the entire pot until the soil is saturated. Poinsettias will then survive without water for up to two weeks.

Christmas Vacation is the perfect point-of-sale product near Christmas trees and holiday plants.

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September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section B - Page 1

C H R I S TMA S S E CTI O N Dennis Tompkins receives Outstanding Service Award The National Christmas Tree Association (NCTA) recently awarded the Outstanding Service Award to Dennis Tompkins during the association’s Annual Convention & Trade Show. Tompkins, who hails from Bonney Lake, WA, was presented with the award at the Closing Banquet held Aug. 10 in Sacramento, CA. First created in 2002, the Outstanding Service Award is given to an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to the Real Christmas Tree industry over the course of many years, and is one of the highest honors that NCTA bestows upon individuals.

“Dennis has touched many lives in the Christmas Tree industry,” said Bob Schaefer, a grower from Oregon who presented the award to Tompkins.

“Working with many Christmas tree growers over the years, he has been an instructor at various tree root disease workshops as well as a valued member of the Pacific Northwest Christmas Tree Association for more than 35 years. I’m confident in saying that many growers are better at their business because of working with Dennis.”

In addition to his many years in the Christmas Tree business, Tompkins is a Certified Arborist, ur-

ban forester and Washington State University Master Gardener. He has been certified by the International Society of Aboriculture (ISA) and received the 2007 "Arborist of the Year" award from the Pacific Northwest Chapter of the ISA. He served as editor of the Christmas Tree Lookout magazine, published by the Pacific Northwest Christmas Tree Association from 1985 through 1990, when he then took over the job as editor of the NCTA’s American Christmas Tree Journal through 2008.

He is a nationally known speaker and spokesman for the Christmas Tree industry.

the entire bottle of Christmas Vacation to one gallon of water. Mix thoroughly. Pour entire solution into the reservoir inside the Christmas tree stand. The tree will suck in the solution through the fresh-cut base. The tree should keep its needles and green color for up to three weeks. These directions are for freshcut Christmas trees with the assumption that the tree will be discarded after the holiday season.

Christmas Vacation is safe, biodegradable and contains no polymers or other toxic chemicals.

Christmas Vacation is classified as GRAS (Generally Regarded As

Safe) and is safe for pets and children.

For more information, contact Natural Industries at www.naturalindustries.com.

Page 2 - Section B • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

Fresh from B2 and green all season long with just one application. Simply mix one 8-oz. bottle of Christmas Vacation with one gallon of water and pour the solution into the tree stand reservoir. All-natural Christmas Vacation is safe and non-toxic for people and pets. Christmas Vacation also works great on potted plants including poinsettias. Just mix with water and saturate the soil. Plants will then survive without water for up to two weeks.

Christmas Vacation will eliminate the need for watering fresh-cut Christmas trees for the brief holiday season or up to three weeks. Add

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Keep the Spirit Alive Christmas Tree growers have been donating trees to military families for years. In 2005, FedEx heard about the efforts and wanted to know how they could become involved — and Trees for Troops, a program of the Christmas SPIRIT Foundation (CSF), was born.

The Trees for Troops program has helped to bring the Christmas spirit to U.S. military families across the na-

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This program is a winwin for all. Many Christmas tree growers are from military backgrounds or have children or relatives in the armed forces. They believe a real Christmas tree is an integral part of a family’s holiday traditions. The military families that receive the trees often have loved ones overseas or may have just returned themselves and may not have the time, money or resources to purchase and decorate a tree. They are truly appreciative of a gift that reminds them of home and their family.

FedEx, who has donated more than 290,000 miles to this program plus tons of man hours, loves being associated with something so meaningful.

In April 2012, Trees for Troops was named one of 20 finalists out of 300 submissions in the Joining Forces Community Challenge. The Challenge, launched by First

The Trees for Troops charity has delivered over 100,000 trees to military families since 2005.

Lady Michelle Obama and Dr. Jill Biden in 2011, is designed to recognize organizations and individuals with a demonstrated, genuine and deep desire to be of service to military families.

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September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section B - Page 3

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and greet” with Mrs. Obama and Dr. Biden at the White House and attended a USO luncheon on April 11, 2012.

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Shaping Fraser Fir Christmas Trees

by Jeffrey H. Owen, NCSU Area Forestry Extension Specialist, Christmas Trees The beautiful shape and texture of a Fraser fir Christmas tree depends on careful pruning and shearing. The way a grower sets the leader, trims the sides, and corrects problems in a tree will determine its quality. Other cultural practices that go into producing a Fraser fir strive to add or improve foliage. Shearing removes it. Done properly, shearing accentuates the character of a well-grown tree.

Done poorly, shearing strips away much of the potential the tree might have had.

How to Shear When shearing a Christmas tree, atten-

tion should first be given to selecting and cutting the leader. This is done best with hand clippers. Next, the first whorl of lateral branches is pruned to set the taper of the tree. Usually the cone, defined by the height of the leader and the width of these lateral branches, provides the taper for the entire tree. The sides of the tree can then be sheared with a knife following the line of taper already established in the top. Corrective pruning may occur at the same time or later by an expert crew.

Working the Leaders: There are several factors involved in setting the top of a Fraser fir Christmas tree.

Choosing best leader from several competing

vertical branches will provide the straightest leader and most uniform branching next year. The natural or cut length of the leader will determine the taper and density of the tree and influence the number of years until harvest. Terminal bud selection will determine the straightness and vigor of next year’s leader. And remember, all these developments are driven by changes in the balance of plant growth regulators (PGR’s) as determined by bud and shoot position on the tree.

Selecting a True Leader: When a shoot emerges from the natural terminal bud of a Fraser fir, it is usually straight with needles and buds growing in all directions around

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its circumference.

When a lateral bud turns up to make a leader, it often has a crook at the base and may not fully straighten. In cross-section, it is shaped like a branch with more needles and buds on the top and sides than on the bottom. Generally, the backside of a turnedup branch -- facing away from the center of the tree -- will have fewer buds especially toward the base.

Turned-up branches can produce leaders that behave like branches for two or more years. Such trees often have to be culled due to a very open side and a crooked stem.

When a tree has been topped previously, there may be 2 to 5 vertical shoots to choose your leader from. Distinguish between the “true leaders” and the “branches.” Select the leader that is most circular in cross-section, has the best budset, and has buds furthest down on the backside. Once these criteria are met, pick the true leader that is most vertical and most vigorous. On a tree with normal growth, straightness and vigor are not as important as budset and branch type.

Leader straightness and vigor will develop in response to removal

of competition – budset and branch type will not. Also, look for the best leader regardless of its position in the top – sometimes a sacrifice of several inches in height is worth the selection of a true leader.

Leader Length: Growers have selected leader lengths on their Fraser fir Christmas trees from as little as 8 to as much as 24 inches. If there were an average rule of thumb for leader height, it would fall in the range of 12 inches. Some growers shear all size classes to about 1 foot. Others try to maximize their height growth while maintaining a target density. If trees have good budset, their leaders can be left longer. Perhaps more importantly, longer leaders will have stronger dominance and have fewer problems with horns, turned up branches, or the loss of vigor to a side branch. These problems are more likely to occur when leaders are cut to less than 12 inches long.

The length of leader you can leave is largely dependent on its budset. Trees with heavy budset will fill in even when leaders are long.

Trees with poor budset will take longer to fill in the gaps. Trees with poor budset may need to stay in the field an additional year or two.

Cutting their leaders back to 10 -12 inches will hold them back and allow more branching to develop in the additional time.

Cutting the Leader: Avoid cutting the natural bud as far into the rotation as possible. It is the most dominant bud on the tree and is most likely to produce a straight leader. Many growers wait until the tree is close to breastheight or about four and a half feet tall before cutting the terminal bud. However, by the fourth year in the field, leaders can grow

as much as 36 inches and need to be cut back to the target length (as determined by market goals and budset). Usually, once a tree becomes vigorous enough to be topped, it will be necessary every year thereafter.

However, when older trees have short leaders, do not automatically cut the terminal bud off. As with younger trees, the natural terminal bud will maintain hormonal dominance of the leader over lateral branches and horns.

Some growers begin cutting the leader on two-year -old trees based upon a 12 inch rule-of-thumb.

Not only are trees kept short, but additional corrective pruning is often necessary. Once the natural terminal bud is removed from the tree, other buds are released from its inhibiting PGR’s. This allows formation of multiple leaders and horns. If the natural bud can be kept on the tree for an additional year or two, the need for corrective pruning can be delayed as well.

Terminal Bud Selection: A number of different theories have been applied to selecting the right bud to make next year’s leader. Research has supported some and disproved others. Bud size can be important after August, but may not be significant in the summer. Bud type may not be important.

Some theories apply only to trees with certain leader problems and relate to the position of a bud rather than the type of bud.

The truth is – no single rule can apply all the time. The following points blend research with practicality: 1. To get a strong leader, select a single bud with a slight height advantage (1 or 2 fingers) over any neighboring buds.

Fraser B5

Fraser from B4 2. Leave 1/4 to 1/2 inch of stem above the selected bud using an angled cut. Do not cut lower through the center of the shoot than the top of the selected bud. The cut should be highest directly above the selected bud and angle down toward the opposite side of the leader. As the wound heals and dries, the bud will be pulled to a more vertical orientation.

3. In the summer,

isolating the selected bud with a height advantage (see # 1 above) is more important than either the bud size or type of bud.

4. In the fall, select large or prolapsed buds over any small bud that may be present at the right height.

Late in the season, small buds cannot hormonally dominate larger buds nearby on the terminal. Large buds will produce a stronger leader next season.

5. Where leaders are crooked, pick a bud that faces the centerline of the tree. Next year, any crook to the leader will counterbalance this year’s offcenter growth.

Leader to Lateral Branch Ratio: The imaginary line between the tips of the cut leader and cut lateral branches sets the taper of the tree. The line begun there should continue smoothly down the side angle of

the tree to form the taper of the tree. The choice in leader-to-lateral-branch ratio can have several consequences for next year’s growth.

To insure that the terminal of the tree remains dominant next year, a careful balance must be maintained between the length of the cut leader and the top whorl of lateral branches. Traditionally, growers have used the “half-length rule”

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es can also create dominance problems for a cut leader.

Short branches have few buds. Those buds at the base of lateral branches that remain after a tight shearing often are positioned to grow vertically. Cut short, an increased number of horns can be expected. Where only one or two buds were left the previous year, both shoots often become horns that have to be removed, leaving the tree with a net loss in branching.

The best solution is to leave the lateral branches longer (and possibly the leader as well).

With lateral branches of at least 5 or 6 inches, growth is divided among 4 to 8 buds yielding more natural branching.

With plant growth regulators divided among many buds, the vertical shoot that could become a horn merely develops into a 3-inch shoot with small buds that adds density to the tree without competing for dominance.

Cutting Lateral Branches: To cut the lateral branches at the right length in relation to the leader, growers

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September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section B - Page 5

Specializing in Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri) trees known for great needle retention and great scent. The Fraser is one of the most popular trees on the market. Trees being harvested range from table tops to 14’ + trees. All are individual sized and graded so you get what you pay for.

Powers Tree Farm also offers Roping (garland) in a variety of sizes and mixes.

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in which the laterals are maintained at one half the length of the terminal. An 18-inch leader would be matched with 9-inch laterals branches. A 12-inch leader would be matched with 6inch lateral branches.

Growers have adjusted the rule to their own tree style and field conditions (laterals are half length plus an inch, or laterals are half length minus an inch).

When lateral branches are left too long in relation to a cut leader, the vigor can shift from the terminal to the branches in the following year. Long lateral branches contain more buds that produce more plant growth regulators.

Collectively the branches out-compete the terminal shoot. Long laterals can also lead to a misshapened tree with long branches outside the taper of the tree.

Growers often refer to heavy branching just below the terminal as “big shoulders.” If laterals are left too long repeatedly, the tree can become a “smokestack” with nearly vertical sides.

Short lateral branch-

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stated above, the line between the leader and the ends of the lateral branches should set the taper for the rest of the tree. Generally, any growth outside the taper is cut and any within it is left. The tree should approximate a cone when finished. The slope of the cut line should be consistent from top to bottom as well as around the tree.

The USDA grade standards accept taper between 40 and 100 percent. With such a range of acceptable taper, it can be adjusted to the interests of the buyer. Fraser fir growers traditionally grew very wide, dense trees, but more buyers demand a narrow taper tree than in the past.

Narrow trees fit into

should also be plenty of interior branches that are not cut at all.

If growth is cut too short, the remaining bud or two at the base of cut branches will be-

Page 6 - Section B • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

Fraser from B5 often bend the laterals up to the leader and prune them at one-half the length of the desired leader length (or modified rule). Some growers give their crew sticks that have colorcoded marks for each combination of leaderto-lateral-branch length. Once the eye is calibrated, these aids become an occasional tool. It is better to be over -prepared with a seldom-used tool than to find a field of trees already sheared to 4inch lateral branches that promise a crop of horns the following year.

If you are leaving long leaders with natural buds intact, do not automatically cut your lateral branches. Under a long leader, lateral branch length will

often remain inside or close to the taper of the tree. If cut, that whorl of branches will not keep pace with the rest of the tree next year, and leave an indentation in shape. The tradition of always tipping lateral branches applies to any trees with cut leaders and therefore impaired dominance. Unless injured, uncut leaders will maintain vigorous dominance over the rest of the tree. In this case, terminal buds on the lateral branches pose no threat and actually provide an opportunity for more branching.

Working the Sides: Shearing the sides of your Fraser fir Christmas tree began with pruning the leader and lateral branches. As

customers’ crowded living rooms, more fit on a tractor trailer, and generally weigh less than a wide tree. But if you have a market for wide trees, plant them with plenty of room in the field and shear accordingly.

Ideal side-shearing should remove terminal buds on the strongest lateral branches and little more. There should still be plenty of lateral buds left on cut branches.

There

come a source of horns and cross-over branches that eventually need to be removed. Yet, the worst symptom of tight shearing are “cats

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National Wreath Contest ~ Decorated Catagory Held at the National Christmas Tree Convention in August, Sacramento, CA

Gary Hague, Hague’s Christmas Trees, Pennsylvania, won 1st place in the Decorated catagory in the National Wreath Contest.

Rene Scarcella, McMenomy Highland Tree Farm in Washington, took 2nd place.

Paul Smith, Cool Springs Nursery, took 3rd place with this decorated wreath at the NCTA’s 2012 Convention held in Sacramento, CA.

Fraser from B6 eyes” where shoots on the end of a branch are cut so short that no buds are left to hide the cut for next year or two.

Using A Knife To Shear: Some growers shear the sides of their Christmas trees with

16 inch long knives.

Other growers may use two-handled hedge shears or power weed eaters with a special cutting blade and head. A knife cuts clean, but those using knives often over shear.

When using the knife, it is important to swing with the whole arm to get a straight cut from top laterals to bottom branches. The knife arm must be moving away from the side of the body to maintain the line of the

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hairs” left between knife cuts or at the bottom of the tree.

It is tempting to use a knife to do the topwork as well as shearing the sides. It may be faster to just use the knife, but any precision is lost. Clippers provide the best control to carefully select buds. With clippers in hand, more attention can also be given to corrective pruning.

Alternative Pruning Techniques There are a number of practices that have been developed to

manage the growth of Christmas trees but are not used extensively. They have been included here as both a reminder and as an option.

Bud rolling: European Nordmann fir Christmas tree growers have rolled buds after bud break in the spring as a way to prune dominant lateral branches that would grow outside of the desired taper of the tree.

The swelling bud or small shoot is twisted from the tree by hand in May or early June.

This has been used to remove lateral buds from the crown as well as terminal buds on lateral branches. A surprisingly few buds need to be rolled to maintain a conical shape.

Fork pruning: Growers selectively remove the entire terminal shoot from a branch. On Fraser fir, there is usually a weak secondary terminal shoot underneath the one removed to provide a natural if less vigorous appearance. This can be done to single branches, a strong whorl of branches, or the entire tree. Growers have used fork pruning to groom individual trees

Fraser B9

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section B - Page 7

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taper as the worker leans into the cut. If a worker shears toward himself, the taper of the bottom of the tree will usually become vertical and break from the taper at the top of the tree. Good knife work involves many narrow cuts that leave the tree round in circumference with no noticeable flat cut faces. Excessive shearing on the sides creates "flat" areas with few residual buds on the remaining branch stubs.

Nor should there be any “wild

2012 National Christmas Tree Association Convention and Trade Show held Aug 8-10 in Sacramento, CA

Attendees of the National Christmas Tree Association 2012 convention had the opportunity to judge the trees in the Christmas Tree Contest.

The California Christmas Tree Association was busy giving helpful information to attendees.

Photos by Joan Kark-Wren

The owner of Full Circle Wreath Company, Rueben Orozco, demonstrates making a quick and easy centerpiece.

Page 8 - Section B • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

David Beresford and Will Payne of Sierra Cascade Christmas Trees, LLC talk with attendees about their Christmas products line. The scented pine cones and reindeer were a big hit!

Linda Spilker of Nebraska talks with Rick Dungy after her name was drawn as the winner of the Stihl chainsaw and assesories.

Tim Zimmerman, Mitchell Metal Products, gave a demonstration on using Mitchell Wreath Rings.

Marshall and Pati Patmos from Westmoreland, NH look over the winning wreaths at the convention.

Shearing terminology Shearing: The term includes cutting the leader, selecting a new terminal bud, setting the taper of the tree, trimming side branches, and removing problematic growth.

Taper: The angle of the side of a Christmas tree. Usually given as a percentage (width / height X 100

Age

= %) Leader: The vertical branch at the top of the tree selected to be the central stem. Also referred to as a terminal.

Lateral branches: The side branches of a tree, specifically the first whorl of branches below the terminal.

Horn: A leader or vertical branch growing

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season’s leader that undergo a second flush to form a short branch of one to three inches.

Whiskery buds: Buds on the current season’s leader that develop a cluster of needles around their base.

Sessile buds: Buds on the current season’s leader that remain flush against the main stem and have no surrounding needles.

Cat’s eyes: The cluster of branch stubs that remain at a branch junction

without sacrificing any buds. While it does work on Fraser fir, the heights of resulting leaders have been quite variable.

Chemical growth suppression: Growers have experimented with different plant growth regulators over the years with the goal of inhibiting excessive terminal growth. Eu-

ropeans have successfully used multiple applications of NAA on Nordmann fir. As with the Top-stop nipper, the height response of Fraser fir in studies has been too variable for wide scale use thus far.

This article is an excerpt from Shaping

Fraser Fir Christmas Trees, to view the article in its entirety visit w w w . c e s .ncsu.edu/fletcher/programs/xmas/farmsafety/shearing-safety.html Source: North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension

Fraser from B7 for competitions.

Top-stop nipper: A European Christmas tree grower, Lars Giel, developed a set of girdling clippers to stunt the terminals of Nordmann fir. Four thin blades gently crush alternating halves of the circumference of the bark on last year’s terminal.

This stunts growth

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Whorls: A ring of buds on a terminal or the layer of branches that result when the buds grow. Whorls often occur at the end of the terminal from the natural crown of buds.

Prolapsed buds: Buds on the current

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vigorously from a branch rather than the main stem; often able to compete hormonally with the leader of the tree.

Crossovers: Strong diagonal branches that grow perpendicularly to normal branch growth.

Florists explore market change, opportunities at Retail Growth Solutions

Page 10 - Section B • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • September 2012

If you think it’s tough to keep up with change now, grab your running shoes. It’s about to hit warp speed.

That’s the wake-up call 130 florists and other industry members heard June 19 at the opening session of SAF’s Retail Growth Solutions in Cherry Hill, NJ. Speaking to a packed room, Jim Dion of Dionco Inc. painted a clear picture of broad market changes, how retailers in other industries have successfully responded and where florists need to focus right now.

The short version: Expect tougher competition, higher consumer expectations and world-altering technologies arriving at a pace Dion called “absolutely frightening.”

Consumers today have more computing power, memory and storage in their phones than NASA had when it put a man on the moon, he said.

“We’re three or four years away from simultaneous translation,” he said.

“You’ll talk on your phone to someone in Colombia and they’ll hear Spanish while you’ll hear them in English. That’s going to revolutionize the world.”

Bill and Kathy Ardle came from Springfield, Ohio, for precisely that kind of perspective. “It was one of the best conference programs I’ve ever seen,” said Bill about Dion’s presenta-

tion. Their shop, Schneider’s Florist, is one of six remaining independent florists in a market that used to support 14 stores, Kathy said: “This is the kind of information that helps keep us in business. I don’t know what we’d do without SAF.” Here are some highlights from Dion’s comments and what they mean to retail florists: Changing Demographic • Baby boomers may be aging but don’t write them off. Unlike earlier generations, boomers are remaining active and they spend more of their income on discretionary purchases than any other age group. “They’re going to be your prime customer for the next 15-20 years,” Dion said.

• The largest percentage of the population today is single. To capture that business, big box stores like WalMart and Target are putting smaller format stores in downtown urban settings.

• Younger consumers have high expectations, but less cash, “so the focus there is on (capturing a) share of (their) wallet.” In a down economy, Dion said, “you’re competing against everybody. All those retailers in your Rotary club … are the enemy.”

• The Hispanic population is growing dramatically — already dominating 23 metro areas. “They’re 10 years

Visit our website www.gardnerpie.com

younger than African Americans and Caucasians and moving into their prime spending years,” Dion said.

But the population is made up of many distinct cultural groups and nationalities, and it’s hard for national marketers to reach them.

“That’s an opportunity for independent retail florists,” he said. “You know who’s in your local market.”

Consumer Attitudes and Expectations “Consumers don’t compare a florist to a florist,” Dion warned. “When they come into your shop, they’re thinking about their experiences at Safeway, the Gap, Victoria’s Secret — any store that’s part of their normal shopping day.” Shoppers won’t cut you any slack, and they’re raising the bar every day.

Basic shopper expectations of retailers today include: • Speedy service. “If they want flowers that morning, that’s what they’ll expect you to do,” said Dion.

• 24/7 access. Mobile phones and tablets mean shoppers make purchases wherever they are at all times of the day and night. “Twenty-four percent of surfing happens while they’re on the toilet.”

• Price transparency. Consumers can find the lowest prices for anything today, and they don’t know why every red rose bouquet is not created equal.

• Curated knowledge and customized offers. Customers want to be engaged and informed, to share your taste, knowledge and point of view.

“Nobody buys flowers ... they’re buying beauty, love, forgiveness,” said Dion. “Curation implies a more intimate understanding of the customer.”

• Peace of mind — in the form of guaranteed quality and service and a hassle-free return policy.

Technology • Point of Sale. The new systems are so easy to use. The customer signs it with a finger, said Dion. “At its New York stores, Apple has enabled self-checkout with the camera on a phone.”

• QR Codes. Home Depot puts barcodes on plants. When the customer scans it they get information about the product, how to care for and plant it, etc.

• Mobility. It’s extremely important to engage customers where they are and when they’re ready to buy, Dion emphasized. Mobile sales are approaching 30 percent of Internet sales. “Make sure your website is mobile ready and consider a mobile app.” He also recommended exploring technologies that allow you to send special offers to customers when they’re actually near your shop.

• Social media — Pinterest is the place to be, with a 70 percent female demographic and an average order double that of a Facebook shopper, “Pinterest is actually delivering,” Dion said.

Retail Growth Solutions also featured a technology showcase and roundup of the latest retail floral technology options, plus educational programs on website optimization, driving local customers to the retail florist, profitable design techniques and telephone order sales/service best practices. Complete conference coverage will be published on safnow.org.

Asked what florists should do first in response to what they’re learning at Growth Solutions, Jim Dion said: “Good flower shops are ultimately local. Connect closely with your local customer, that’s where the future is. The next movement on the web is localization. You want to have apps customers can use on their phones.”

Using a universal pathway to whack at weeds

by Dennis O’Brien A U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientist in Oxford, MS, is working toward developing new herbicides by focusing on a molecular pathway that not only controls weeds, but could have helped shape our nation’s history.

Franck Dayan, a plant physiologist with the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Natural Products Utilization Research Unit in Oxford, is an expert on a class of weed killers known as “PPO herbicides,” which choke off the weed’s ability to

make chlorophyll. Many weeds are developing resistance to glyphosate, the world’s most widely used herbicide, and alternatives are needed.

ARS is USDA’s principal intramural scientific research agency, and the research supports the USDA priority of promot-

ing international food security.

Much of Dayan’s work focuses on ring-shaped pigment molecules known as porphyrins (pronounced POR-fer ins) that “bind” or react with different metals and perform vital functions in both plants and ani-

mals. A key step in porphyrin synthesis is performed by an enzyme (protoporphyrinogen oxidase or PPO), and disrupting the PPO enzyme can cause problems in plants and animals.

In humans, disruption is associated with a congenital disease known as porphyria, with symptoms that may include

ARS plant physiologist Franck Dayan and Mississippi State University graduate student Daniela Ribeiro are working on new herbicides that disrupt an enzyme pathway needed for weeds to make chlorophyll.

Photo by Stephen Ausmus

September 2012 • COUNTRY FOLKS GROWER MIDWEST • Section B - Page 11

sensitivity to light, seizures, and other neuropsychiatric problems.

In plants, PPO herbicides work by disrupting the enzyme’s production of porphyrins and inhibiting photosynthesis. PPO herbicides have been around for decades and are specifically designed so they will only disrupt PPO enzyme activity in plants and not in humans.

Dayan recently published a report on the role PPO enzymes play in triggering resistance to PPO herbicides in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), a common weed. He and his colleagues compared the molecular structure of PPO enzymes in resistant and susceptible water hemp. The results confirmed that deletion of a single amino acid, known as glycine 210, caused structural changes in the enzyme binding site that allows waterhemp to develop herbicide resistance. The work, published in the journal Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, built on previous research showing waterhemp’s resistance capabilities. Understanding the resistance mechanisms should lead to better herbicides.

In another report, Dayan described the diverse roles played by porphyrins and PPO enzymes as essential components of life on earth.

The article in American Scientist notes that life couldn’t exist without them, and recounts how scholars have argued that a case of porphyria in King George III may have contributed to our nation’s struggle for independence.

Read more about the research in the August 2012 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.

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