Palmetto Bluff
LONGFIELD COMMERCIAL PATTERN BOOK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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HISTORY: PALMETTO BLUFF PURPOSE: PATTERN BOOK SITE: LONGFIELD
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DESIGN GUIDELINES OF ARCADIAN ARCHITECTURE: • ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS MASSING SCALE AND PROPORTION WALLS AND ROOFS MATERIALS
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GENERAL STANDARDS: • • • • •
HEIGHT AND WIDTH COMPOSITION ORIENTATION PORCHES, VERANDAS, DECKS TERRACES
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ARCHITECTURAL STANDARDS: • • • • • •
EXTERIOR WALLS ROOFING WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, DOORS MISCELLANEOUS SERVICE YARD AND DUMPSTER ENCLOSURES
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INDEX 3
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History
FROM THE BEGINNING, IT WAS CLEAR THAT PALMETTO BLUFF WAS DESTINED TO BE A PLACE, NOT A PROJECT.
In 2000, Palmetto Bluff was purchased by Crescent Communities, which later became known as the Palmetto Bluff Company, and planning began for the 20,000 acre-residential community that is evolving today. On September 27, 2001, Palmetto Bluff’s vision statement was penned ensuring that the land will always guide our evolution.
1. Reference: https://www.palmettobluff.com/
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Purpose P
almetto Bluff has a strong Lowcountry heritage, created by the distinct neighborhoods which adopt the regional southern character of both the Town Neighborhoods and Country Neighborhoods. As the Town Neighborhood architecture reflects a smalltown informality and coastal lifestyle derived from other small costal towns in South Carolina, such as Beaufort, the architecture of the Country Neighborhood reflects a casual, relaxed “country� lifestyle. The essential qualities that create Palmetto Bluff are focused around the classic Lowcountry traditions involving Nature and Conservation, Lowcountry Culture, Outdoor Pursuit as well as Community and Connection. Nature and Conservation retain and sustain the natural qualities of the land, having the architecture respond to existing tree patterns, landscape settings and microclimate. Staying true to the character of Lowcountry local culture, one architecture element in Palmetto Bluff that brings a sense of community interaction is the Porch, which establishes a neighborhood atmosphere and reinforces the quality of Town and Country setting, creating Lowcountry experiences through community and opportunities for interaction with people.
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istory of Pattern Books
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Influenced in ancient Roman times, pattern books, were created to provide architectural design guidelines for builders, homeowners, and other providers intending to conserve and restore architectural styles pertaining to a specific locality. Pattern books were adopted in the American colonies during the first half of the 20th century after the British introduced this tradition as a town-building tool. The goal of this Pattern book is to continue the tradition in helping builders, homeowners, as well as architects, understand the elements and principles of the designs throughout Palmetto Bluff, and to preserve the design of the distinct architectural characteristics around the Lowcountry homestead.
Longfield Commercial Pattern Book provides architectural patterns for the traditional Lowcountry commercial buildings, as a resource to help guide the design process appropriate and consistent to the characteristics of the Lowcountry area.
1. Reference: Architecture 4.0; Palmetto Bluff 2019
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Site P
almetto Bluff’s guiding principle is to preserve and protect one of America’s treasured landscapes. Palmetto Bluff is a sea island with expansive frontage on the May, Cooper and New Rivers. Its intrinsic value lies in the beauty, vastness and richness of its sea island landscape. For most of the last century, Palmetto Bluff has been managed and enjoyed as a private wildlife and forest preserve. Palmetto Bluff has been planned to grow into a complete, balanced, controlled Community within a coastal setting. Its size makes possible the creation of a series of inter-related, yet distinctive settlements and natural preserves. The combination of its location and varied natural features make a unique Community in a class of its own. At the turn of the 20th century, large, majestic landscapes throughout the country were acquired by families to save and enjoy. Many of these authentic and protected places are highly sought-after today because they are timeless and irreplaceable. Palmetto Bluff is one such place. Longfield is designed as an equestrian and rural centered settlement at Palmetto Bluff.
1. Reference: Longfield Design and Sustainability Guidelines: Palmetto Bluff May 2007
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The Celebration Coastal Style is an interpretation of the types of houses found in the low country regions of the South. It is a mixture of both the Acadian and Low Country styles. The Low Country style developed as an adaptation of American Classical and Colonial houses to the hot, coastal environment in the south Atlantic states. Houses were raised off the ground and deep porches were added to create shade and take advantage of cooling breezes. The Acadian style was developed by French speaking people who first migrated to nova Scotia, but later resettled along the Gulf Coast. They brought with them the rich culture of France, which has continued with their descendants, the “ Cajuns” While New Orleans, Biloxi, and other Gulf Coast towns have a strong French flavor, theirs is by no means the only culture to contribute to the Coastal style; it Is also a mix of English and Spanish. Much of the “look” also reflects a Caribbean influence. This collage of influences has created one of the most appealing styles in contemporary residential design that is a direct response to the climatic and environmental conditions of the low country regions. Celebration Coastal will be designed in either one of the two styles. Houses must be designed using distinct massing and architectural detailing of either Acadian or the Low Country styles. Large houses will be built with a series of elements, including the Main Body and Side Wings.
1. Reference: History and Character of Coastal – Celebration Pattern Book Second Edition March -1997
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General Standards of Acadian Architecture COASTAL ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS I. MASSING II. PORCHES III. DOORS AND WINDOWS IV. MATERIALS
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Height and Width One Story Buildings: Building heights range from 25’ to 30’, the first floor is raised 30” to 6’ above finished grade. One and a Half Story: Building heights range from 25’ to 34’, the first floor is raised 30” to 6’ above finished grade. Two Story: Building heights typically range from 25’ to 35’, the first floor is raised 30” to 6’ above finished grade. Two and a Half Story: Building heights range from 25’ to 40’, ground levels count as a story and range from 8’ to 9’ above finished grade.
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Architectural Elements: Massing
Roof Forms: Gabled or hipped, but in a variety of pitches Minimum floor to ceiling heights: 10 feet for the first floor, and 9 feet 4 inches for the second floor. First Floor elevation: 3 to 3 feet 6 inches above finished grade for a one-story Low country or Acadian house, 3 to 6 feet above the finished grade for a two-story Low country house, and 1 foot to 1 foot 6 inches for a two-story Arcadian house. Eave: The Low Country type can have a Classical eave profile with boxed soffit. Eaves for the Acadian type have exposed rafter ends that are shaped. A frieze board is used below the rafters. 1. Reference: A Pattern Book for Gulf Coast Neighborhoods: Mississippi Renewal Forum Celebration Pattern Book Second Edition March -1997
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Roofing
Roof shapes along Palmetto Bluff include Gable, Gable of Gable, Partial or Full Hip, Double-Pitched, Gambrel, and Shed. The Roof Pitch ranges from 5:12 and 12:12. Dormers utilize Gable, Hipped or Shed Roof styles. Roof materials consist of Standing Seam metal, Wood shake/shingle, Copper shingle or standing seam, Slate, Flat clay or Concrete tile.
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Porches, Verandas, Decks, Terraces
Porch depth design is at a minimum of 8’ and maximum of 14’. Porches enclosures consist of mesh screens, traditional wood shutters or glass infill. Columns are wood or laminated timber, fiberglass and in limited occasions masonry. Railings include wood, wood with a steel cable system, and metal.
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Porches, Verandas, Decks, Terraces
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Porches, Verandas, Decks and Patios are designed to be extensions of indoor rooms. Porches and Decks should consider natural ventilation in the design. 1. Reference: A Pattern Book for Gulf Coast Neighborhoods: Mississippi Renewal Forum Celebration Pattern Book Second Edition March -1997
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Porches, Verandas, Decks, Terraces
Porches: The Coastal porch is symmetrical and runs the full length of the faรงade. Columns have a regular spacing of between 8 and 12 feet on center. Houses 24 to 36 feet wide have three bays for the front faรงade length, or five bays for porches that wrap one or two sides. The 40 foot wide house has a five bay porch. The porch can extend beyond the Main Body and wrap-around the sides. Acadian porches have rectangular columns without trim for one-story houses and for the second story columns of two-story houses. The first floor columns of two story houses are more massive with either no detail, or a minimum capital expression. Railings have straight balustrades with intermediate posts for railings over 9 feet in length. Low Country porches have slender, round Tuscan or Doric columns or 8 inch chamfered columns. Railings can have either turned or straight balustrades. Both porch types are frame construction set up on masonry piers. The space between piers may remain open without infill.
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Windows and Shutters
Window design in Palmetto Bluff includes Multi-Paned vertically oriented windows, typically 6 over 6, 4 over 4, 2 over 2, and Multi-Pane over single-Pane. Casement windows, Double or Triple Hung windows, are also part of the window design. Window materials are typically wood, clad or steel windows. Shutter design are operable and utilize Lowcountry design and patterns, with the colors being complementary of the main building and neighborhood.
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Windows and Shutters
Standard windows: All windows are multi-paned with projecting 5/8” wide muntin bars. Acadian houses use 4’ over 4’ windows with a narrow trim on the first floor of the Main body. Second floor windows are 6’ over 6’ with brickmold trim. Low country Coastal Houses use 6’ over 6’ windows with Classical trim. Windows are the same width on both floors. Both Coastal types use multi-pane doors with projecting 5/8” wide muntin bars in lieu of windows on the first floor under the porch. Shutters are common elements for windows and doors. Small accent windows can be 4’ over 4’. Stone or wood lintels over windows and doors are common elements clad in brick or stucco. Dormer windows are multi-paned in the 6’ over 6’ pattern. Clear glass shall be used in all windows. 1. Reference: A Pattern Book for Gulf Coast Neighborhoods: Mississippi Renewal Forum Celebration Pattern Book Second Edition March -1997
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Windows and Shutters
Special Windows Special windows are variations of triple window units. These windows occur under the porch on the first floor. Triple units are tall and mounted with the sill near the finished floor. Double units made up of two standard windows are often used on side wings. Special windows do not have shutters. Window and door Placement Windows, dormers and doors for the Low Country houses are placed symmetrically within 3’ bay composition for houses 24 to 32 feet wide and within 4’ and 5’ bay compositions for houses 32 to 40 feet wide. Windows, dormers and doors can be placed informally in the Acadian house type.
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Doors and Openings
Door design includes Multi-Pane single and double door units that incorporate a panel design at the bottom third of the door. Multi-Pane French doors are used on main floor living areas, and open out to porches and or terraces. Door materials consist of wood or wood clad. Main entry doors show elliptical and/or rectangular transoms.
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Architectural Elements: Materials
Walls are primarily composed of painted or stained wood siding, fiber cement siding. Tabby stucco, brick and masonry are limited for raised basements or foundation elements.
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Materials: Roofing: Metal, narrow standing seam or 5-V panels (painted) asphalt, fiberglass or wood shingles, slate or synthetic slate Cladding: Horizontal bevel or lap siding, 4 inches to 6 inches wide with 5/4 inch x 3 ½ inch corner boards. Smooth finish brick in Common, English, or Flemish bond patterns. Painted brick. Light sand finish stucco. Columns: Tuscan or Doric order with appropriately proportioned capital, base, and entasis, column may be round or square. Chamfered wood, 6 in x 8 inch. Brick or block with stucco, 16 inch by 20 inch. Chimneys: Brick or stucco with gabled cap Foundations: Brick or stucco, Porch bases shall be brick or stucco pier, lattice infills are optional Lintels: Stone, brick, or precast concrete Railings: Straight or turned balusters Shutters: Board or louver, mounted with hardware to appear operable Gutters: Half round or ogee Downspouts: Round or rectangular, smooth Fences: Wood picket, black metal, brick, stucco on block, or combination Lighting: Pendent carriage lamp, porch or wall mounted. Colors: Preferred colors for cladding materials are white, light gray, light green, beige, red. Brick should be a close range of red with beaded or grapevine joints. All windows, trim boards, columns and wood railings should be white. 1. Reference: A Pattern Book for Gulf Coast Neighborhoods: Mississippi Renewal Forum Celebration Pattern Book Second Edition March -1997
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Architectural Standards ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS I. EXTERIOR WALLS II. FOUNDATIONS III. COLUMNS, PIERS, AND RAILINGS IV. EXTERIOR TRIM V. MISCELLANEOUS ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES VI..SERVICE YARDS AND DUMPSTER ENCLOSURES VII. SIGNAGE
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Exterior Walls Trim Cast stone, fiber-cement, polyurethane, PVC or painted wood. Exterior Ceilings Beaded board, smooth surface or plank and beam appearance. Cornice and Trim Wood, composite, cellular PVC or polyurethane millwork, stucco, stone, or cast stone Gutters Half-round metal or PVC Downspouts Round metal or PVC
Wood or Fiber Cement Board siding are the primary facade elements throughout Palmetto Bluff. Tabby stucco and other masonry materials are used primarily in foundation elements, and used in a combination with wood siding or wood lattice infill.
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Foundations
Foundation and other masonry elements may use patterned brick elements typical for the Lowcountry. The finish floor heights are a minimum of 30� above finished grade. Foundation materials are typically brick, tabby stucco in combination with wood components.
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Columns, Piers, and Railings
Column and railing design are consistent with the detailing and neighborhood character of Palmetto Bluff. Square columns and posts are more appropriate to the Lowcountry style.
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Service Yards and Dumpster Enclosures
A wall or fence of 5’ in height that conceals the HVAC equipment is a typical Service Yard design of Palmetto Bluff, if the yard also conceals the electric meter, the wall or fence should be 6’ tall. Planting and adequate ventilation are incorporated in the design.
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Signage
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Misc. Architectural Features
Chimneys are made of masonry or tabby stucco finishes. Appropriate cap designs for Palmetto Bluff include terra cotta chimney pots, Bishop’s hat, or simple rectilinear detailing.
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Architectural Material Mfr. WINDOWS 1. Marvin (http://www.marvin.com) Wood double-hung and casement Clad double-hung and casement with aluminum trim accessories Replacement sash w/profiled aluminum panning Wood or clad simulated divided lights (SDL) French doors 2. Andersen (https://www.andersenwindows.com) Casement Single and double hung A-Series E-Series 400 Series Weiland Specialty Doors 3. Sierra Pacific ( https://www.sierrapacificwindows. com/) 4. Western Window Systems https://www.westernwindowsystems.com/?msclkid=33c3a275378112369156fd2c02e27e36&utm_ source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=*Brand%20-%20JF&utm_term=western%20 window%20systems&utm_content=Western%20Window%20Systems%3A%20*Name SHUTTERS 1. Southern Shutter Company (http://www.southernshutter.com) 2. Atlantic Premium Shutters (Synthetic Option) https://atlanticpremiumshutters.com/
ENTRY DOORS 1. GRAYCO Custom Wood Entry Systems 2. PlastPro Fiberglass and Steel Entry Doors https://www.plastproinc.com/ 3. Hope’s (https://hopeswindows.com) Steel Doors and windows 4. Coastal Sash and Door ( https://coastalsashanddoor.com/) Nord (http://jeld-wen.com/windows/wood/norco) Wood doors: Classical and Colonial Revival styles, some Victorian and European Romantic doors 5. ThermaTru (http://www.thermatru.com) Fiberglass and Premium Steel Series Steel Doors: Classical, Colonial Revival and Victorian styles; acceptable European Romantic and Arts & Crafts doors 6. Stanley (http://www.stanleyworks.com) Fiberglass and steel doors: Classical, Colonial Revival and Victorian styles; acceptable European Romantic doors COLUMNS 1. HB&G (http://www.hbgcolumns.com) PermaPorch system: Cellular pvc; 2x2 square or turned balusters with “Savannah” top rail EXTERIOR SIDING (SYNTHETIC OPTIONS) 1. James Hardie (http://www.jameshardie.com) Hardiplank (fiber cement), lap siding, shingle, panel, and soffit products 2. Georgia-Pacific (http://www.gp.com) Fiber cement cladding board
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Architectural Material Mfr. EXTERIOR MOLDING, TRIM & BRACKETS (Wood Options) 1. GRAYCO Custom Millwork EXTERIOR MOLDING,TRIM & BRACKETS (SYNTHETIC OPTIONS) 1. Azek (http://www.azek.com) Cellular PVC flat sheet (4’ x 8’, 4’ x 10’ and 4’ x 12’) for gables, soffits, etc. 3/4’’ thick trim boards, 5/4’’ thick trim boards (4’’ and 6’’ widths), tongue-andgroove paneling 2. Boral ( https://boralamerica.com/siding-trim-andshutters/) General Trim Profiles 3. James Hardie (http://www.jameshardie.com) Hardiplank (fiber cement), lap siding, shingle, panel, and soffit products PORCH CEILINGS 1. Georgia-Pacific (http://www.gp.com) “PlyBead Classic” or T&G beaded paneling ROOF SHINGLES & TILES (SYNTHETIC OPTIONS) Majestic Skylines (http://www.majesticskylines.com) Synthetic slate Owens Corning (http://www.miravistaroof.com) MiraVista specialty roofing: synthetic shakes, slate, copper, and metal
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Glossary Acadian-Creole: Descriptive term for an architectural style that blends FrenchCanadian, Spanish Colonial, and Carribean influences in response to the local climate and inherited building traditions of the early settlers of the Gulf Coast. Apron: A raised panel below a window sill. Architrave: The lowest part of an entablature, sometimes used by itself. Arts & Crafts: Eclectic movement of American domestic architecture in the arts and architecture during the second half of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century, emphasizing craftsmanship in a regional expression. Balustrade: An entire railing system including a top rail, balusters, and often a bottom rail. Batten: A narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel boards in the same plane. Beaded-Profile Panels: Panels manufactured to resemble traditional bead board. Boxed Eave (boxed cornice): A hollow eave enclosed by the roofing, the soffit and the building wall. Bricked Eave: Eave condition where the top of a brick masonry wall is corbelled out to the eave eliminating the soffit. Brickmold: Window or door trim, typically 2 inches wide.
Carriage Porch: A roofed structure over a driveway at the door to a building, protecting from the weather those entering or leaving a vehicle. Casement: A window sash which swings open along its entire length; usually on hinges fixed to the sides. Chimney Cap: Cornice forming a crowning termination of a chimney. Classical Architecture: The architecture of Hellenic Greece and imperial Rome. Classical Revival: An architecture movement in the early nineteenth century based on the use of Roman and Greek forms. Colonial Revival: The reuse of Georgian and colonial design in the U.S. in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Corbelling: Brickwork projecting successively more in each course to support or meet a structure above. Corinthian: the slenderest and most ornate of the three Greek orders of architecture, having elaborate capitals with volutes and acanthus leaf decoration. Corner Board: A board which is used as trim on the external corner of a woodframe structure. Cornice: An ornamental molding at the meeting of the roof and walls; usually consists of bed molding, soffit, fascia, and crown molding.
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Glossary Crown Molding: Projecting molding forming the top member of a cornice, door or window frame. Dentil: One of a band of small, square, tooth-like blocks forming part of the characteristic ornamentation of some classical orders. Doric Order: The column and entablature developed by the Dorian Greeks, sturdy in proportion, with a simple cushion capital, a frieze of triglyphs and metopes, and mutules in the cornice. Entablature: In classical architecture, the elaborated beam member carried by the columns, horizontally divided into architrave, frieze, and cornice. Fascia: Vertical board that terminates a sloped roof at the eave. FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency (http://www.fema.gov) Frieze: The middle horizontal member of a classical entablature, above the architrave and below the cornice. Gable: The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building having a doublesloping roof, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Gable L: Describes the massing of a house having a hipped roof with a projecting gable form at the front, typically two-thirds the width of the facade. Gable Roof: A roof having a gable at one or both ends.
Half-timbering: A technique of woodenframe construction in which the timber members are exposed on the outside of the wall. Hipped Roof: A roof which slopes upward from all four sides of a building, requiring a hip rafter at each corner. Hood: A cover placed above an opening or an object to shelter it. Ionic Order:The classical order of architecture characterized by its capital with large volutes, a fasciated entablature, continuous frieze, usually dentils in the cornice, and by its elegant detailing. Jack Arch: A flat or straight masonry arch. Knee wall: Short, vertical wall that closes off the low space created by a sloping ceiling and the floor. Light: A pane of glass, a window or a subdivision of a window. Lintel: A horizontal structural member (such as a beam) over an opening which carries the weight of the wall above it. Louver: An assembly of sloping, overlapping blades or slats designed to admit air and/or light and exclude rain and snow. Mullion and Muntin: The vertical and horizontal members separating (and often supporting) window, doors, or panels set in series.
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Glossary Ogee Curve: a double curve resembling an S-shape. Oriel Window: In medieval English architecture, a window corbelled out from the wall of an upper story. Palladian Motif: A door or window opening in three parts with a flat lintel over each side and an arch over the center. Pediment: In classical architecture, the triangular gable end of the roof above the horizontal cornice. Also, a surface used ornamentally over doors or windows. Pergola: A structure of posts or piers carrying beams and trelliswork for climbing plants. Pilaster: An engaged pier or pillar, often with capital and base. Porte cochère: A carriage porch. Portico: A porch or covered walk consisting of a roof supported by columns; a colonnaded porch. Post-and-beam framing: A type of framing which horizontal members rest on a post as distinguished from a wall. Rafter Tails: A rafter, bracket, or joist which projects beyond the side of a building and supports an overhanging portion of the roof. Roof Pitch: The slope of a roof expressed as a ratio of its vertical rise to its horizontal rise.
Sash: Any framework of a window.May be movable or fixed; may slide in a vertical plane or pivoted. Shed Dormer: A dormer window whose eave line is parallel to the eave line of the main roof instead of being gabled. Shed Roof: A roof shape having only one sloping plane. Shutter Dog: A pivoting bar for fixing shutters in the open position against a wall. Side Gable: Describes the massing of a house having the gable end (or roof ridgeline) perpendicular to the street. Side Hall: Narrow residential house type that is one room wide, associated with French settlements and the Mississippi River region. Simulated Divided Light: Refers to a light in a window sash that is visually subdivided by applied muntins that simulates a true divided sash. Skirt Board: A board set horizontally at the bottom of wall cladding. Soffit: the exposed undersurface of any overhead component of a building, such as a beam, cornice, lintel, or vault. Stile-and-rail: Type of door construction that utilizes a framework of vertical and horizontal members infilled with panels.
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Glossary Tongue-and-groove: Method of joining materials, usually wood, where a tongue or projection in one board fits the groove of its neighbor. Transom: A horizontal bar of wood or stone across a window. Also the window or opening above the transom bar. Verge: The edge projecting over the gable of a roof. Also, the area of planting, lawn or pavement between the sidewalk and the curb on a street. Vergeboard: An ornamental board hanging from the rake, or verge, of a gable roof. Vernacular Architecture: A mode of building based on regional forms and materials. Victorian: Eclectic style of domestic architecture of the late 19th Century; named after the reign of Britain’s Queen Victoria (1837-1901). Vocabulary: A collection of related architectural elements, materials or stylistic conventions used to describe a building or structure. Water Course or Water Table: A board or masonry projection fixed to the foot of a wall to shoot water away from it. Wing: a subsidiary part of a building extending out from the main portion or body.
References: 1.
A Pattern Book for Gulf Coast Neighborhoods: Mississippi Renewal Forum 2. Architecture 4.0; Palmetto Bluff 2019 3. www.palmettobluff.com 4. Longfield Design and Sustainability Guidelines: Palmetto Bluff 5. Celebration Pattern Book Second Edition March
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