Anatomy of a street - The first edition

Page 1

%SZTERô3TEIERHOFFERô ô,EVENTEô0OLY¶K

!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ANôINTRODUCTION ô ô 7ELCOMINGô#ITIESô 4HEô,ONDONô&ESTIVALôOFô!RCHITECTURE SôTHEME ô@7ELCOMINGô #ITIES ôISôOPENôTOôAôVARIETYôOFôINTERPRETATIONS ôOFôCITIESô WELCOMINGôTHEô/LYMPICô'AMES ôASôWELLôASôCITIESôWELCOMINGô INITIATIVES ôDIVERSITYôANDôEVENTUALLYôCONlICT ô4HEô!NATOMYô OFôAô3TREETôPROJECTôPOSESôTHEôQUESTIONôSOMEWHATôDIFFERENTLY ô WHATôIFôLARGE SCALEôCULTURALôORôSPORTINGôEVENTSôAFFECTô CITIESôINôFARôMOREôDIVERSEôWAYSôTHANôWEôEXPECT ô(OWô DOESôTHEôACTUALôCHANGEôTAKINGôPLACEôDIFFERôFROMôTHEô ANTICIPATEDôURBANôEFFECTS ôANDôWHATôAREôTHEôSIDE EFFECTSô OFôTOP DOWN ôLARGE SCALEôURBANôDEVELOPMENT ô$OôEVENTSô ORôREGENERATIONôSIMPLYôCONTRIBUTEôTOôTHEôPROCESSôOFô GENTRIkCATIONôANDôCOMMERCIALISATIONôOFôCITIESôOR ôONôTHEô CONTRARY ôDOôTHEYôBRINGôABOUTôCOMPLEXôBUNDLESôOFôEFFECTSô ANDôCOUNTER EFFECTS ô !NATOMYôOFôAô3TREETômôANôON GOINGôRESEARCHô PROGRAMMEôLINKINGôINITIATIVESôINô"UDAPEST ô0¯CS ô,ONDON ô 7ARSAWôANDô"RATISLAVAômôISôAôPROPOSALôTOôTAKEôAôCLOSERô LOOKôATôTHESEôPHENOMENA ô4HEôCASEôSTUDIESôOFôTHEô!OA3ô PROJECTôAREôLOCATIONSôINôCITIESôWHEREôTOP DOWNôNATIONALô ORôMUNICIPALôPLANNING ôCORPORATEôDEVELOPMENT ôSMALLô BUSINESSESôANDôBOTTOM UPôINITIATIVESôOFôTHEôCIVICôSPHEREô INTERSECT ôINTERACTôANDôCREATEôUNIQUEôFORMS ô4HEô!OA3ô PROJECTôQUESTIONSôSOMEôOFôTHEôGENERALôASSUMPTIONSôTHATô DESCRIBEôTHEôRELATIONSHIPôBETWEENôPUBLIC ôPRIVATE ôô CIVICôANDôCORPORATEôELEMENTSôINôTHEIRôEFFECTôONôTHEôCITY ô .ATIONALôCONTRIBUTIONSôTOôARCHITECTUREôFESTIVALSôANDô BIENNIALSôHAVEôCONSISTEDôTRADITIONALLYôOFôDECLARATIONSôOFô PRIDE ôANDôSHOWCASESôOFôGREATôARCHITECTURALôACHIEVEMENTSô INôORDERôTOôPOSITIONôNATIONSôINôANôINTERNATIONALISEDô COMPETITIONôFORôATTENTION ôINVESTMENTSôANDôCOMMISSIONS ô #ONTRARYôTOôTHIS ôTHEô!OA3ôPROJECTôDRAWSôITSôINSPIRATIONô


!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ôANôINTRODUCTION

%SZTERô3TEIERHOFFERô ô,EVENTEô0OLY¶K

FROMôCRITICALôSTUDIESôEXAMININGôTHEôWAYôHOWôARCHITECTUREô ISôEMBEDDEDôINôSOCIAL ôPOLITICALôANDôECONOMICôCONTEXTS ô ANDôHOWôARCHITECTURALôOBJECTSôANDôSYMBOLSôCANôBEô DESCRIBEDôANDôDECODEDôINôSPECIkCôLOCALôSETTINGS ôASôWELLô ASôINôBROADERôGLOBALôNETWORKS ô4HEôCASEôSTUDIESômôSTREETSô FROMôVARIOUSôLOCATIONSômôDIFFERôGEOGRAPHICALLY ôHISTORICALLYô ANDôCULTURALLY ôASôWELLôASôARCHITECTURALLY ô.OTWITHSTANDINGô THISôCOLOURFULôVARIETY ôTHEREôISôSTILLôAôSHIFTINGôDEGREEôOFô RESEMBLANCEôANDôINTERCONNECTIONSôINFORMEDôBYôTHEôGLOBALô EXCHANGEôOFôCONCEPTS ôREALôESTATEôANDôCAPITAL ô !NATOMYôOFôAô3TREETôTAKESôTHEôPOSITIONôOFôWHATôMAYô BEôCALLEDôRESEARCHôARCHITECTURE

)NôTHISôCASE ôTHEôSTUDYôOFôAôSINGLEôSTREET ôAôRESTRICTEDôAREAô CUTôDELIBERATELYôFROMôITSôURBANôCONTEXT ô)NôTHISôSETTING ô THEôANALYSISôMAYôRESULTôINôAôDISTORTED ôYETôCONDENSEDôô VIEWôOFô"UDAPEST ô0¯CSôANDô,ONDON ôREVEALINGôCOMPLEXô #ONNECTIONSôINHERENTôINôTHEôDETAIL ô3TATISTICSôOFôDEMOGRAPHYô ANDôLOCALôECONOMYôMAYôPROVIDEôAôCLEARôPICTUREôOFôGENERALô TRENDSôANDôTENDENCIESôATôLARGE ôHOWEVER ôTHEYôMAYôALSOô OBSCUREôPROCESSESôATôTHEôMICRO SCALE ô7ITHOUTôDISTRUSTINGô STATISTICSôANDôTHEIRôREVELATORYôFORCE ôWEôCHOSEôTOôPROVOKEô ANôENCOUNTERôBETWEENôSTATISTICALôANDôPHENOMENOLOGICALô EVIDENCE ôBYôDEkNINGôUNCOMMONôCULTURAL ôSOCIALôANDô ECONOMICôINDICATORS

ô @2ESEARCHôARCHITECTURE ô ANôUNDEkNEDôBUTôOVERUSEDô TERM ôHEREôREFERSôTOôSTUDIESô OFôSOCIAL ôGEOGRAPHICALô

ANDôPOLITICALôPROCESSESô WHICHôARCHITECTUREô ENGENDERS ôFACILITATESô ORôIMPEDES ô3EEô$AVIDô

'ISSEN ô!RCHITECTURE Sô 'EOGRAPHICô4URNS ô)Nô,OGô ô3PRINGô ô3UMMERô ô .EWô9ORK ô!.9

)NôORDERôTOôINVESTIGATEôTHEôGLOBALôDIMENSIONôOFôCHANGES ô WEôPROPOSEôTOôLOOKôATôCITIESôONôTHEôMICRO LEVELôANDô EXPLOREôTHEMôINôAôCOMPARATIVEôMANNER ô4HEôSTARTINGôPOINTô FORôTHEô!OA3ôISôTHEREFOREôAôSEARCHôFORôLOCALôANSWERSôô TOôGLOBALLYôRELEVANTôQUESTIONS ô 4OôDIVERSIFYôAôMETHODOLOGICALôURBANôSTUDY ôWEôOPENEDô UPôTHEôPROJECTôTOôlEXIBLEôAPPROACHES ô7EôINVITEDôARTISTSô ANDôDESIGNERSôTOôINVESTIGATEôASPECTSôOFôURBANôCHANGE ôANDô DEVELOPEDôOURôINQUIRYôINTOôAôTRAVELLINGôEXHIBITIONôTHATô TAKESôTHEôFORMôOFôAôSERIESôOFôSTUDYôTRIPSômôBOTHôDRIVINGô ANDôFEEDINGôBACKôTOôOURôRESEARCH ô4HEôPROJECTôISôASYM METRICALLYôDIVIDEDôBETWEENôTHEôRESEARCHôWORKSHOPS ô THEôPUBLICATIONôANDôTHEôEXHIBITION ô"ALANCINGôBETWEENô DOCUMENTATIONôANDôOPEN ENDEDôMAPPINGôPROCESSES ôWEô CONSIDERôRESEARCHôINôTHEôFORMôOFôANôEXHIBITION ôANDôVICEô VERSA ôEXHIBITIONôINôTHEôFORMôOFôRESEARCH ô ô !NATOMY !NATOMYôISô@THEôSCIENTIkCôSTUDYôOFôBODILYôSTRUCTUREô w ôô AôDETAILEDôEXAMINATIONôORôANALYSIS ô ô /XFORDô%NGLISHô $ICTIONARY

ô 7EôBORROWEDôTHEôTERMô @UNCOMMONôECONOMICô INDICATORS ôFROMô7.9#ô JOURNALISTô"RIANô,EHRER Sô

CROWDSOURCINGôINITIATIVES ô HTTP BETA WNYC ORG SHOWS BL

7ALKINGôDOWNôTHEôSTREETôANDôLOOKINGôATôTHEôSTREETSCAPE ô THEôSIGNS ôSHAPES ôCOLOURSôANDôLIGHTS ôSTREETôFURNITUREôô ANDôADVERTISEMENTS ôTHEôOLDôSHOPSôANDôNEWôONES ôTHEô LOCALôOFF LICENSE ôMERCHANTS ôRESIDENTSôANDôPASSERS ô BY ôTHEôLOCALôPAPER ôREAL ESTATEôSIGNS ôVACANTôLOTSôANDô EMPTYôBUILDINGS ôHIDDENôGARDENS ôROOFTOPS ôSTREETôCORNERSô ANDôOPENôDOORWAYS ôLOCALôCAFES ôRESTAURANTS ôPUBSôANDô ôGALLERIES ôMONUMENTSôANDôLANDMARKS ôSITESôOFôMEMORYô ORôFAME ôDOES ôOFôCOURSE ôOFFERôMUCHôMOREôTHANôPUREô PHENOMENOLOGICALôEXPERIENCE ô)TôOPENSôUPôANDôDELINEATESô BOUNDARIESôANDôDIFFERENTôTERRITORIES ôANDôALLOWSôFORô GLANCINGôINTOôPARALLELôMICROCOSMSôTHATôCO EXISTôBESIDE ô ACROSSôANDôONôTOPôOFôONEôOTHER ô 4HEôSTREETôENTERSôTHEôGLOBALôEXCHANGEôCIRCUITô THROUGHôHIDDENôPROCESSES ôTHEôTASKôISôTOôIDENTIFYôSOMEô OFôTHEôMECHANISMSôTHATôMADEôTHESEôSTREETSôBECAMEô WHATôTHEYôAREôTODAY ô4OôANATOMISEôTHEôUNCONSCIOUSô INFRASTRUCTUREôOFôSOCIALôANDôCULTURALôPHENOMENA ôANDôTOô ANALYSEôTHEôUNDERLYINGôFORCESôTHATôGENERATEôCHANGESôô INôTHEôCHOSENôNEIGHBOURHOODSôREQUIRESôTHEôSKILLSôBOTHôô OFôANôETHNOGRAPHERôANDôAôCARTOGRAPHER ô%THNOLOGYôô ANDôCARTOGRAPHYôINôTHISôSENSEôAREôTHEôUNDERTAKINGôô


!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ôANôINTRODUCTION

OFôLOCATINGôTHEôGLOBALôANDôSITUATINGôTHEôUNIVERSAL ôSOô THATôITSôMECHANISMSôAREôUNVEILED ô!SôTHEôPHILOSOPHER ETHNOLOGISTô"RUNOô,ATOURôREMINDSôUS ô@0OLITICSôISôNOTô REVOLUTIONôBUTôCLARIkCATION ôTHATôIS ôTHEôUNFOLDINGôô OFôARTIkCIALôELEMENTSôTHATôWEôHAVEôNOTôBEENôAWAREôOF ôô ONôWHICHôWEôDEPENDôTOôEXIST ô0OLITICS ôINôOTHERôWORDS ôô ISôAôQUESTIONôOFôAIRôCONDITIONING ôTHEôPROGRESSIVEô RECOGNITIONôTHATôWEôLIVEôTOGETHERôWITHINôCOMPOUNDSôô THATôAREôASôLITTLEôNATURALôASôGREENHOUSES ôANDôô THEôMECHANISMSôOFôWHICHôAPPEARôTOôUSôBITôBYôBIT ô "RUNOô,ATOUR ô0ARIS ô VILLEôINVISIBLE ô,Eô0LASMA ô )Nô#ATALOGUEô!IRSôDEô

0ARIS ôÌDITIONSôDUô#ENTREô 0OMPIDOU ô ôP

ô ô 4HEô3TREETôASô)NDICATOR ô ô ôTHEô3TREETôASô-ETAPHOR 4HEô!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREETôPROJECTôDEPARTSôFROMôTHEô ASSUMPTIONôTHATôTHEREôISôAôMETHODOLOGICALôADVANTAGEôINô LOOKINGôATôAôDELINEATEDôAREAôOFôTHEôCITYôANDôMEASURINGô CHANGEôBYôANALYSINGôSYMPTOMSôSURFACINGôINôTHEôURBANô STREET ô4HEôIDEAôOFôLOOKINGôATôAôPARTICULARôNEIGHBOURHOODô ORôAôSINGULARôSTREETôTOôGRASPôCHANGESôOFôTHEôWHOLEôCITYô DRAWSôITSôINSPIRATIONôFROMôAôVARIETYôOFôSOURCES ôTHEôSTREETô HASôLONGôBEENôAôPHILOSOPHICAL ôLITERARYôANDôPOLITICALôTOPOS ô THEôBIRTHPLACEôOFôIDEAS ôMOVEMENTSôANDôACTIONS ôANDôô AôGENERATORôOFôSPECIkCôREGISTERSôOFôPERCEPTION ôMAINTAININGô AôDIS EQUILIBRIUMôBETWEENôSEEINGôANDôBEINGôSEEN ôô

ô 2ICHARDô3ENNETT ôô 4HEô#ONSCIENCEôOFôTHEô%YE ô .EWô9ORK ô+NOPF ô

4HEôSTREETôISôMOREôTHANôAôSIMPLEôTYPEôOFôPUBLICôSPACE ô SITUATEDôOUTSIDEôOFôTHEôFREQUENTLYôEVOKEDôDICHOTOMYô BETWEENôSPACEôANDôPLACE ôTHEôSTREETôIS ôUNLIKEôTHEôSQUAREô ORôTHEôHIGHWAY ôSIMULTANEOUSLYôLIEUôETôESPACE ôSPACEôô ANDôPLACE ô #ERTAINLY ôTHEôSTREETôCANNOTôMODELôTHEô@WHOLE ôCITY ô 3OôWHATôISôTHEôUSEôOFôLOOKINGôATôAôSTREETôASôIFôITôWEREô

%SZTERô3TEIERHOFFERô ô,EVENTEô0OLY¶K

MOREôTHANô@JUST ôAôSTREETômôAôMODELôCONCENTRATINGôTHEô MECHANISMSôTHATôSHAPEôANDôCONSTANTLYôRE CONkGUREôô THEôCITY ô)NôITSôLINEARITY ôTHEôURBANôMAINôSTREETôORôHIGHô STREETô OFTENôMOREôSOôTHANôLARGEôAVENUES ôGIVESôPASSERS BYôTHEôSENSATIONôOFôHAVINGôTHEIRôkNGERôONôTHEôPULSEôô OFôTHEôWHOLEôCITY ô5NDOUBTEDLY ôTHEREôAREôNEIGHBOURHOODS ô BLOCKSôORôSTREETSôTHATôCONCENTRATEôSIGNSôANDôSYMPTOMSôô OFôCHANGEôINôAôPARTICULARôWAY ôTHUSôACCUMULATINGôSYMPTOMSô OFôTRANSFORMATIONôANDôGIVINGôOBSERVERSôTHEôOPPORTUNITYôô TOôMEASUREôCHANGESôINôTHEIRôPHENOMENOLOGICALôô DIRECTNESS ô,IKEôAôGAUGEôORôAôLITMUSôTEST ôORôFUNCTIONINGôô ASôAôBAROMETER ôTHEôSTREETôMAYôBEôSEENôASôTHEôô SMALLESTôUNITôWHEREôCOMPLEXôURBANôTENDENCIESôCANôô BEôOBSERVEDôANDôDECIPHERED /FôCOURSE ôTOôCONSIDERôTHEôPARTôASôCONTAININGô ORôATôLEASTô INDICATING ôTHEôWHOLEôISôAôTRADITIONôWHOSEôIMPLICATIONSô GOôFURTHERôTHANôTHEôPARAMETERSôOFôTHEô!OA3ôPROJECT ô &ROMôCENTURIES OLDôPHILOSOPHICALôIDEASôCOMPATIBLEôWITHô THEORISATIONSôOFôCONTEMPORARYôSCIENCEôANDôTECHNOLOGY ô LIKEô,EIBNIZ SôMONADOLOGY ôTOôLITERARYôFORMS ôSUCHôASô NARRATOLOGY Sô@MISE EN ABªME ôORô@SYNECDOCHE ôLOOKINGô INNOVATIVELYôATôTHEôRELATIONSHIPôBETWEENôTHEôPARTôANDôô THEôWHOLEôSTILLôOPENSôAôFERTILEôGROUNDôFORôTHEôINVESTIGATIONô OFôVARIOUSôCULTURALôPHENOMENAôANDôTHEôCITY ô 3OMETIMESôTHEôSTREETôISôAôMEREôMETAPHOR ôANôIDEAô OFôCOMMUNITY ôOFôAUTHENTICITY ôOFôSPARKLINGôURBANôLIFE ôô OFôAôSENSEôOFôADAPTATION ôOFôSTREET SMARTNESS ô!MONGôô THENUMEROUSôCULTURALôUNDERTAKINGSôTHATôDEALôWITHôTHEôô STREETôMETAPHOR ôAôMOSTôRECENTôSOURCEôOFôINSPIRATIONôô ISôTHEôCOLLABORATIVEôMEDIAôPROJECT ô-APPINGô-AINô3TREET ô ôLAUNCHEDôINôTHEô5NITEDô3TATESôINô ôAIMINGôTOô DECONSTRUCTôTHEôGENERALISINGôNOTIONôOFô@-AINô3TREET ôASô OPPOSEDôTOô7ALLô3TREET ôINôPOST MORTGAGEôBREAKDOWNô POLITICALôDISCOURSES ô HTTP WWW MAPPINGô MAINSTREET ORG


!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ôANôINTRODUCTION

%SZTERô3TEIERHOFFERô ô,EVENTEô0OLY¶K

ô +IR¶LYôANDô#HURCHô3TREETS /URôCHOICEôOFô"UDAPEST Sô+IR¶LYô3TREETô +INGô3TREET ôINô EXPLORINGôASPECTSôOFô"UDAPEST SôPOST 3OCIALISTôURBANô TRANSFORMATIONôISôBASEDôONôITSôHISTORYôANDôLOCATIONôWITHINô THEôINNERôNEIGHBOURHOODSôOFô"UDAPEST ô5NLIKEôANYôô OTHERôNEIGHBOURHOODSôINôTHEôHISTORICôCOREômôWHICHôFOLLOWô THEôBEATENôPATHôOFôGRADUALôPRIVATISATION ôRENOVATIONôô ANDôCONSEQUENTLYôGENTRIkCATIONômôITôSEEMSôASôIFô+IR¶LYô 3TREET SôPOPULATIONôHASôWORKEDôHARDôONôENUMERATINGô THEôWIDESTôVARIETYôOFôARGUMENTSôFORôANDôAGAINSTôSPECIkCô DIRECTIONSôINôDEVELOPMENT ôANDôCORRESPONDINGLY ôFORôô ANDôAGAINSTôSPECIkCôWAYSôOFôURBANôLIVING ô!ô@SWINGINGô STREET ôINôTHEôSENSEôTHATôITôCANNOTôENGAGEôEITHERôô WITHôTHEôVISIONôTHATôOWNERSôOFôTHEôPROLIFERATINGôDESIGNô STORESôPAINTôONôITSôFACE ôORôWITHôTHEôVALUESôALTERNATIVEô YOUTHôCULTUREôASSOCIATESôWITHôIT ôORôWITHôTHEôSURVIVALô ECONOMYôOFôSECOND HANDôSTORES ô +IR¶LYô3TREETôISôANôINCUBATOR ôWHEREôALLôTHEôCURRENTô PLANSôFORôTHEôCITYôAREôCONSTANTLYôBROUGHTôINTOôQUESTION ô MECHANISMSôOFôCORRUPTIONôORôCITIZENôSELF ORGANISATION ôô OFôNEWôDEVELOPMENTSôANDôHERITAGEôPROTECTIONôAREôTESTEDô HERE ô.EWôDESIGNôANDôARTôGALLERIES ôSQUATSôANDôRUINôô BARS ôSECOND HANDôSTORESôANDôFOODôMARKETSôQUICKLYôô EMERGEôANDôDISAPPEARôINôTHISôNEIGHBOURHOOD ôTHUSôô CEASELESSLYôDRAWING ôSHIFTINGôANDôRE DRAWINGôFRONTLINESôô BETWEENôDIFFERENTôVISIONSôFORôTHEôCITY ô4HISôISôWHEREôô WORDSôSUCHôASô@DEVELOPMENT ôANDô@HERITAGE ôBECOMEôô lOATINGôSIGNIkERS ôUSEDôANDôABUSEDôBYôANYôOCCASIONALôô ARGUMENTATIVEôCONTEXT ô 0¯CS Sô+IR¶LYô3TREETôISôSOMEWHATôDIFFERENT ôBUTôISô SIMILARôINôITSôMANYôASPECTS ô4HEôMAINôSTREETôOFôAôMEDIUM SIZEDô(UNGARIANôTOWN ôONEôWOULDôEXPECTô+IR¶LYô3TREETôTOô BEôTHEôSHOWCASEôOFôWHATôTHEôCITY SôCOMMERCIALôCAPACITYô CANôOFFERôTOôRESIDENTS ôASôWELLôASôTOôTOURISTS ôAôDENSEôRETAILô DISTRICT ôWHEREôSTROLLINGôISôALWAYSôABOUTôDISCOVERINGôNEWô PLACESôANDôMEETINGôNEWôPEOPLE ô 4HEREôAREôMANYôREASONSôWHYô+IR¶LYô3TREETôISôNOTôLIKEô THAT ô4HEôECONOMICôCRISIS ôCOMBINEDôWITHôTHEôHEIGHTENEDô

COMMERCIALôEXPECTATIONSôOFôTHEôMUNICIPALITYôINôANTICIPATIONô OFôTHEôCITY Sô ô%UROPEANô#APITALôOFô#ULTUREôSTATUS ôô HAVEôLEFTôSOMEôPARTSôOFôTHEôSTREETôDEVASTATED ô$UEôTOôTHEô ôLACKôOFôlEXIBILITYôINôTHEôRENTALôPOLICYôANDôTHEôLACKôOFô DIFFERENTIATIONôINôRENTALôFEESô ACCORDINGôTOôTHEôLEASERS ô STATUSôANDôPROkTABILITY ôEMPTYôSTOREFRONTSôANDôBUILDINGSô WAITôHOPELESSLYôFORôTHOSEôWHOôCANôAFFORDôTHEôHIGHôô RENTALôFEES ô(OWEVER ôASôONôITSô"UDAPESTôCOUNTERPART ô +IR¶LYô3TREET SôEMPTYôBUILDINGSôDOôNOTôREMAINôô DISAFFECTEDôFORôLONGôPERIODS ôCIVICôINITIATIVESôCONTRIBUTEDôô TOôTHEôMUSHROOMINGôOFôALTERNATIVEôCULTURALôVENUESôANDôô AôlOURISHINGôGARDENôCULTUREôINôTHEôNEIGHBOURHOOD ô 7HATôAREôTHEôSIMILARITIESôBETWEENô0ADDINGTON Sô #HURCHô3TREETôANDôTHESEôTWOôHIGHôSTREETSôINô(UNGARY ô -AINLYôITSôVARIETYôANDôDIVISIONS ôTHEôMIXTUREôOFôCOUNCILô HOUSINGôANDô'EORGIAN ô6ICTORIANôFA±ADES ô4HEôCONTRASTô BETWEENôTHEôTWOôENDSôOFôTHEôSTREET ôTHEôDAILYôSTREETô MARKET ôOFF LICENSEôSTORES ôCHEAPôCOFFEEôSHOPS ôFAST FOODô RESTAURANTS ôANDôTHEôHIGH PROkLEôANTIQUEôSTORES ôNEWô DESIGNôGALLERIESôANDôFANCYôCAF¯S ô!SôIFôANôINVISIBLEôHANDô DREWôAôLINEôBETWEENôTHEôTWOôPARTS ôALIKEôINô"UDAPESTôô ANDô0¯CS ôWHEREôTHEôTWOôFACESôOFôTHEôSTREETSôREVEALô DIFFERINGôVISIONS ôWHOSEôLONG TERMôCOMPATIBILITYôMAYôô BEôDESIRABLEômôANDôIMPROBABLE ô $ESPITEôITSôCENTRALôLOCATIONô ONLYôMINUTESôAWAYôô FROMô2EGENT Sô0ARK ô-ARYLEBONE ô0ADDINGTON ô(YDEô0ARKô ANDô-ARBLEô!RCH ô#HURCHô3TREETôISôAôHIDDENôWORLDôô TRAPPEDôBETWEENôTHEôHEAVILYôTRAFkCKEDô%DGWAREô2OAD ôô THEôCANALôANDôTHEôRAILWAYôNETWORK ô$ESPITEôNEIGHBOURINGô THEôMOSTôEXPENSIVEôAREASôOFô,ONDON ô#HURCHô3TREETô COUNTSôASôONEôOFôTHEôPOORESTôLOCATIONSôOFô%UROPE ôWITHôô THEôHIGHESTôNUMBERSôOFôUNEMPLOYMENT ôPOVERTYôANDô ILLITERACY ô4HISôOFTENôBLAMEDôISOLATIONôIS ôHOWEVER ôTHEôô VERYôREASONôTHATôMADEôITôPOSSIBLEôTOôOBTAINôANDôPRESERVEô ONEôOFôTHEôMOSTôPRECIOUSôQUALITIES ôAôUNIQUEôLOCALôFEELôô TOôAôSTREETôWITHôAôGLOBALôMIXTUREôOFôCOMMUNITIESôANDôMULTI CULTURALôGROUPS ô1UESTIONSôPOSEDôBYôTHEô!OA3ôPROJECTô ABOUTôCONTRASTINGôVISIONSômôGENTRIkCATION ôPRESERVATIONô


!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ôANôINTRODUCTION

ANDôREGENERATION ôPRIVATISATIONôANDôGLOBALISATION ô COMMERCIALISATIONôANDôSECULARISATIONômôBECOMEôHIGHLYô RELEVANTôINôRELATIONôTOôTHEôCURRENTôMASTER PLANNINGô PROCESSESôANDôOTHERôINITIATIVESôFORôREGENERATIONôTHATôAREô THEREôTOôSHAPEô#HURCHô3TREET SôFUTUREôINôTHEôLONGôTERM ô (OWôDOESôTHEôLOCALISATIONôOFôTHEôGLOBAL ôANDôTHEô GLOBALISATIONôOFôTHEôLOCALôOCCUR ômôANDôHOWôDOôTHEYô CONTRIBUTEôTOôTHEôDYNAMICSôINVOLVEDôINôTHEôEMERGENCEôô ANDôMAINTENANCEôOFôINTRA NEIGHBOURHOODôCONTRASTSôô THATôTENDôTOWARDôTHEôCONSTITUTIONôOFôBORDERS ô4OôkNDô ANSWERSôTOôTHISôQUESTION ôWEôBOTHôLOOKEDôATôTHEôô CHOSENôSTREETSôASôPARTICULAR ôLOCALôENTITIES ôANDôJUXTA ô POSEDôIMPRESSIONSôANDôRElECTIONS ôOBJECTSôANDôARTEFACTSôô FOUNDôINôTHEôTWOô+IR¶LYô3TREETSôANDô0ADDINGTON Sôô #HURCHô3TREETôINô,ONDON ô ô "ELATEDNESSôANDô4RANSFER )DEASôOFTENôTRAVELôFASTERôTHANôCONTEXTS ô7HILEôTHEREô ISôAôSINGLEôTERMINOLOGYôTOôDESCRIBEôANDôANALYSEô URBANôPHENOMENA ôITôISôWORTHôTAKINGôAôCLOSERôLOOKôATô SEEMINGLYôINCONSEQUENTIALôDETAILSôTHATôMIGHTôALTERôTHEô WAYôPRIVATISATION ôGENTRIkCATION ôCOMMERCIALISATIONôORô SECULARISATIONôAREôBROUGHTôABOUTôINôDIFFERENTôLOCATIONS ô !ôCOMMONôTHREADôFOLLOWEDôBYôRESEARCHERSôANDô THEORISTSôOFôTHEôPOST 3OCIALISTôURBANôCONDITIONôWASôTHEô QUESTIONôOFôPATH DEPENDENCE ô ô' ô!NDRUSZ ô- ô(ARLOE ô ANDô) ô3ZELENYIô EDS ô#ITIESô

AFTERô3OCIALISM ô/XFORD ô "LACKWELL ô

4HEôARGUMENTSôDEFENDINGôTHEôIDEAôOFôPATH DEPENDENCYô CLAIMEDôTHATôCITIESôTHATôHAVEôLIVEDôTHROUGHôANôIMPORTANTô PERIODôOFô3OCIALIST TYPEôPOLITICALôANDôECONOMICôGOVERNANCEô WILLôNOTô@kNDôTHEIRôWAYôBACK ôTOôTHEôKINDôOFôDEVELOPMENTô THATô#APITALISTôCITIESôHAVEôEXPERIENCED ôTHEYôWILLôFACEô EVOLUTIONSôWHICHôWILLôALWAYSôDEPENDôONôTHEIRôPREVIOUSô DEVELOPMENTôPATH ô#OUNTER ARGUMENTSôDENIEDôTHEô IMPORTANCEôOFôTHEô3OCIALISTôPATH ôTHEYôCLAIMEDôTHATôTHEô

%SZTERô3TEIERHOFFERô ô,EVENTEô0OLY¶K

GLOBALISEDôNATUREôOFôURBANôECONOMIESôFORCESôEVERYôô CITYôTOôRESPONDôTOôSIMILARôREQUIREMENTS ôANDôTHUSôTOôFOLLOWôô AôCONVERGINGôPATH ô 7ITHOUTôOFFERINGôANYôEVIDENCEôFORôTHEôCASEôOFô PATH DEPENDENCY ôONEôMUSTôACKNOWLEDGEôTHEôIMPORTANTô DIFFERENCESôINôTHEôRHYTHMôOFôTRANSFORMATIONôBETWEENô 7ESTERNôANDô%ASTERNô%UROPEANôCITIES ô.ATURALôDISASTERS ô MAJORôPOLITICALôANDôECONOMICôTENDENCIESôSETôAôGLOBALôô SCALEôANDôTIMEôINô%UROPE ôHOWEVER ôTHEôCENTRESôANDô PERIPHERIES ôORôTHEô7ESTERNôVS ô%ASTERNô POST 3OCIALIST ô BLOCôFUNCTIONôANDôMOVEôACCORDINGôTOôDIFFERENTôRHYTHMS ô 4HISôDIFFERENCEôLIESôNOTôONLYôINôTHEôACCELERATEDôPACEôOFô TRANSITIONôFOLLOWINGôTHEôRADICALôPOLITICALôANDôECONOMICô CHANGESôOFôTHEôEARLYô SôANDôTHEôCONSEQUENTôRAPIDô LIBERALISATIONôOFôREAL ESTATEôMARKETS ôBUTôALSOôTOô@SHORT CUTS ôCAUSEDôBYôTHEô@DE SYNCHRONY ôBETWEENôDEVELOPMENTô ô &ORôEXAMPLE ôWHILEôTHEô USEôOFôVACANTôSPACESôANDô SHOPSôINô"UDAPESTôORô0¯CSô ISôPROMOTEDôEXCLUSIVELYô BYôGRASSROOTôINITIATIVESô

JUSTôLIKEôITôUSEDôTOôBEôINô ,ONDONôAôFEWôDECADESô AGO ôTHEôSAMEôTHINGôINô ,ONDONôISôNOWôAôTOP DOWNô FACILITATED ôINSTITUTIONALIZEDô

PROCESSô WITHôTHEôTAXô CUTS ô3PECIALô!RTSô#OUNCILô 'RANTS ôETC

PLANSôANDôSOCIO ECONOMICôCONDITIONS ô &ORôINSTANCE ôGENTRIkCATIONôINôITSôCLASSICALôSENSE ôASô AôPROCESSôLEDôBYôNON ESTABLISHEDôYOUNGôARTISTS ôCULTURALô ACTIVISTSôANDôFREELANCEôINTELLECTUALSô WHILEôBEINGôFOLLOWEDô CLOSELYôBYôREAL ESTATEôDEVELOPERS ôDOESôNOTôEXISTôINôTHEô SAMEôFORMôINôPOST 3OCIALISTôCITIES ô)Nô"UDAPEST ôINNERôCITYô NEIGHBOURHOODS ôHOWEVERôDILAPIDATED ôHAVEôNEVERôBEENô UNAPPEALINGôFORôDEVELOPERS ô&ROMôTHEôkRSTôMOMENTôOFôTHEô ôOPENINGôOFôTHEôREAL ESTATEôMARKET ôDEVELOPERSôWHOôWEREô CONSCIOUSôOFôREALôESTATEôTENDENCIESôINôTHEô7ESTôSTARTEDô INVESTINGôINôNEIGHBOURHOODSôTHATômôACCORDINGôTOôTHEôTHEORY OFôGENTRIkCATIONômôWEREôEXPECTEDôTOôRISE ô.EWôHOUSINGô ARRIVEDôINôAREASôSTILLôCONSISTINGôOFôDEGRADEDôBUILDINGS ôTHUSô CREATINGôSHARPôCONTRASTSôBETWEENôLONG TIMEôRESIDENTSôô ANDôNEWCOMERS ôWITHOUTôTHEôRELATIVEôCONTINUITYôOFôTHEô PROCESSôOFôGENTRIkCATION ô


!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ôANôINTRODUCTION

%SZTERô3TEIERHOFFERô ô,EVENTEô0OLY¶K

ô !NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ô ô THEôEXHIBITIONôANDôTHEôCATALOGUEô #ONTRASTS ôBELATEDNESS ôPARALLELSôANDôSYNCHRONYôAREôAMONGô THEôMAINôQUESTIONSôTHATôTHEô!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREETôEXHIBITIONô ANDôPUBLICATIONôRAISES ôWHILEôADDRESSINGôTHEôEVOLUTIONôô OFôVARIOUSôEXAMPLESôOFôTHEô%UROPEANôHIGHôSTREET ôô /NôTHEôOCCASIONôOFôTHEô,ONDONô&ESTIVALôOFô!RCHITECTURE ô 0ADDINGTONôISôTHEôkRSTôVENUEôOFôTHEô!OA3ôEXHIBITION ôô AôNOMADICôPROJECTômôUNkNISHEDôBYôDEkNITION ôWHICHôWILLô TRAVELôTOôANDôLEARNôFROMôSUCHôCITIESôASô,ONDON ô7ARSAW ô "RATISLAVAôANDô"UDAPEST

ITôNEARLYôIMPOSSIBLEôTOôFOLLOWôTHEôCIRCULATIONôOFôMONEYôô ANDôREALôESTATE ô !NOTHERôSECTIONôOFôTHEôPUBLICATIONôCOMPRISESôANô INVENTORYôOFôARTWORKSôTHATôFEDôINTOôOURôRESEARCH ô4HEREôô ISôTHEôPHOTOGRAPHICôARCHIVEôOFô%MO KEô+EREKES SôANDô!NNAô -¥ZES SôPORTRAITSôOFôTHEôSHOPKEEPERSôINô+IR¶LYô3TREET ô 0¯TERô2¶KOSI SôSERIESôCOLLECTSôTHEATRICALôDISPLAYSôOFôTHEô EVERYDAY ôANDôDOCUMENTSôSHOP WINDOWSôINôTHEô+IR¶LYô 3TREETSôOFô"UDAPESTôANDô0¯CS ô-IKL¥Sô3UR¶NYI SôSERIESô OFôTEMPORARILYôINHABITEDôSPACESôISôAôPOETICôBUTôPRECISEô DOCUMENTATIONôOFôTHEôOVERLOOKED ôTHEôIMPRINTSôOFôEVERYDAYô ACTIVITIES ô-APSôDESIGNEDôBYô4«MEAô#SABAôANDô'ERGELYô +OV¶CSôVISUALISEôTHEôINTERNALôBORDERSôOFô"UDAPEST Sô+IR¶LYô 3TREETôNEIGHBOURHOOD ôUSINGôDATAôBASEDôONôTHEôRESEARCHô OFôUNIVERSITYôSTUDENTSôOFôTHEô-OHOLY .AGYô5NIVERSITYôOFô!RTSô ANDô$ESIGNôANDôTHEô"UDAPESTô4ECHNICALô5NIVERSITY ô 4HEôINSPIRATIONôFORôTHEô!OA3ôPROJECTôCAMEôFROMô+IR¶LYô 3TREET ôWITHôTHEôPROPOSALôFORôLOCALôRESEARCHôANDôAôTRAVELLINGô EXHIBITIONôTHATôGATHERSôMATERIALôANDôEXPERIENCESôFROMô DIFFERENTôLOCATIONSôBEFOREôkNALLYôCOMINGôBACKôANDôTAKINGô PLACEôONôTHEôVERYôSITEôFROMôWHICHôTHEôkRSTôIMPULSEô ORIGINATED ô/URôkRSTôVENUEôFORôTHEôEXHIBITION ô#HURCHô3TREETô INô,ONDON ôCAMEôTOôUSôINôAôNATURAL ôALMOSTôUNINTENTIONALô WAY ô7EôkRSTôARRIVEDôASôSTRANGERSôANDôWANDERERS ôINôTHEô COURSEôOFôTWOôANDôAôHALFôMONTHS ôGRADUALLYôBECOMINGô FAMILIARôANDôNATURALôTOôTHEôSTREET ôMOVINGôINôANDôSETTINGôUPô OURôTEMPORARYôOFkCEôONô#HURCHô3TREET ô

4HEôPUBLICATIONôISôDESIGNEDôTOôCOMPLEMENTôTHEôEXHIBITION ô OFFERINGôHISTORICAL ôSOCIOLOGICALôANDôPOLITICALôINSIGHTôô INTOôTHEôFORCESôTHATôPRODUCEô+IR¶LYôANDô#HURCHô3TREETS ôô )NôTHEôkRSTôEDITION ôTHEôESSAYôBYô%DWINô(EATHCOTEôSETSô THEôTONEôFORôAôCOMPARATIVEôAPPROACHôBETWEENôTHEôCHOSENô STREETS ôFOCUSINGôONôTHEIRôARCHITECTUREôASôSHAPEDôBYôTHEô CONSTANTLYôSHIFTINGôPOLITICALôANDôECONOMICôCIRCUMSTANCES ô $EEPAô.AIKôANDô4RENTONô/LDkELD ôFOUNDERSôOFô4)!.'ôô 4HISôISô.OTôAô'ATEWAY ôRElECTSôUPONôITSôMEMBERSô PERSONALôINVOLVEMENTSôINôRESEARCHôANDôACTIVISM ô!LLANô 3IEGELôEVOKESôTHEôIMAGESôOFôTHEôLARGEôCONSTRUCTIONSô OFô0¯CS ôINôTHEôWAKEôOFôITSô%UROPEANô#APITALôOFô#ULTUREô SEASON ôWHILEô#SABAô$ERSôDELVESôINTOôAôDEEPERôANALYSISô OFôTHEôTOWN SôPRINCIPALôSTREET ô+IR¶LYô3TREET ô)NôHISôSHORTô RElECTION ô0¯TERô,OWASôEXPLORESô0¯CS SôSELF ORGANISEDô CULTURALôNETWORKSôINôRELATIONôTOôMUNICIPALôDEVELOPMENTô PLANS ô!ôTEXTôBYô"¯LAô+¶LIôINTRODUCESôTHEôCOMPLEXITIESôOFô POST 3OCIALISTôREAL ESTATEôMANAGEMENT ô,¶SZL¥ô-UNTEANô ANALYSESôCLAIMSôOFôHERITAGEôPROTECTIONôINôAôCONTEXTôWHEREô THEôNOTIONôOFôHERITAGEôBECOMESôAôWEAPONôINôANôIDEOLOGICALô BATTLE ô'AB¥ô"ARTHAôTELLSôTHEôSTORYôOFôTHEôACTIVISTôGROUPô +!0 (4ôTHATôSUCCEEDEDôINôPRESERVINGôTHEôLOCALôOPEN AIRô FOODôMARKET ôÓD¶Mô!LBERT SôNETWORKôVISUALISATIONôDEPICTSô THEôMECHANISMSôOFôCOMPLEXôTRANSACTIONSôTHATôHELPEDôô LOCALôMUNICIPALITIESôOUTSOURCEôPUBLICôPROPERTYôBYôMAKINGôô

ô 7EôOWEôSPECIALôTHANKSô TOôTHEôTEAMôOFô#HURCHô 3TREETô.EIGHBOURHOODô -ANAGEMENTôFORôALLôTHEIRô HELPôANDôENTHUSIASTICô

COLLABORATION ô4HANKSô MUSTôALSOôGOôTOôALLôTHOSEô WHOôPROVIDEDôTHEôSPACEô mô SHOP ôWINDOWS ôWALLS ô ROOFTOPS ôCABINETS ôSHELVES ô

TABLESôANDô46ôSCREENSômôTOô HOSTôOURôEXHIBITIONôONôANDô ABOUTô#HURCHô3TREET

4WOôLETTERSôFROMô"AHBAKô(ASHEMI .EZHADôANDôTHEô(OUSEô OFô*ONNôAREôTHEôDOCUMENTATIONôOFôAôWORK IN PROGRESSôô OFôRESEARCHôON SITE ôOBSERVATIONSôANDôEARLYôPROPOSALSôOFô THISôPERIOD


!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ôANôINTRODUCTION

ô "ASEDôONôTHEôREGULARôVISITSôANDôCONVERSATIONSôWITHô THEôTRADERSôANDôVISITORSôOFôTHEôMARKET ô!UBERGINEô.7 ôô ISôAôPROJECTôBYô"AHBAKô(ASHEMI .EZHAD ôAôMARKETôSTALLôFORô EXCHANGEôOFôFOODôANDôIDEASô THEôCROSS CULTURALLYôPOPULARô STAPLEôINGREDIENTôAUBERGINEôFORôHUMBLEôHOME COOKINGô RECIPES ôSEEKINGôTOôEXPLOREôANDôFURTHERôUNDERSTANDôTHEô ETHNICALLYôDIVERSEôCOMMUNITYôTHATôSURROUNDSôANDôBENEkTSô FROMô#HURCHô3TREETô-ARKET ô (OUSEôOFô*ONN SôPROPOSAL ôAôGALLERY GUIDEôSYSTEMô MAP ôAUDIO GUIDEôANDôWAY kNDERS ôISôLINKEDôTOôTHEôIDEAô OFôBRINGINGôTHEôGALLERYôTOôTHEôSTREET ôASôWELLôASôITôISôAô PLAYFULôREFERENCEôTOôTHEôWALKSôOFôTHEô3ITUATIONISTS ôAôMAPô ANDôAUDIO GUIDEôLINKINGô,ONDONôWITHô"UDAPEST ô)NTERVIEWSô CONDUCTEDôANDôUSEDôINôTHISôAUDIO GUIDEôINFORMEDô PROFOUNDLYôOURôUNDERSTANDINGôOFôTHEôSTREETôANDôTHEôô MAKINGôOFôTHISôEXHIBITION ô 7HILEôWRITINGôTHISôINTRODUCTION ôTHEôEXHIBITIONôISôSTILLô BEINGôSHAPED ô)TSôkNALôEVALUATIONôISôENTRUSTEDôTOôTHEôVISITORô ANDôWILLôBEôTHEôTASKôOFôTHEôSECONDôCHAPTER ôTHEôNEXTôEDITIONô OFôOURôTRAVELLINGôINQUIRY

ô"AHBAKô(ASHEMI .EZHADô

From: Bahbak Hashemi-Nezhad Date: 03 May 2010 02:18 Subject: Re: furniture 7R 6WHLHUKRҬHU (V]WHU +L (V]WHU As you know I have been thinking about designing HOHPHQWV IRU WKH VWUHHW UHVWDXUDQW :HOO DIWHU VRPH UHVHDUFK REVHUYDWLRQ DQG JRRG ROG PRGHO PDNLQJ , KDYH an idea that could work very nicely. I am not really designing furniture but extending on the vernacular use of the crate within the market. There is a certain crate that is used in almost all London street PDUNHWV , KDYH VHHQ LW IURP 'DOVWRQ WR 'HSWIRUG WR &KXUFK VWUHHW WKH 6XQEOHVW EUHDG EDVNHWV DV WKH\ DUH FDOOHG $OO RI ZKLFK ZHUH XVHG RULJLQDOO\ IRU EUHDG but most of which today are used for anything but EUHDG 7KH\ DUH XVHG YHUWLFDOO\ KRUL]RQWDOO\ XSVLGH GRZQ VWDFNHG QHVWHG HWF &XUUHQWO\ KHDY\ ODUJH ERDUGV DUH UHTXLUHG WR EH SODFHG RQ WRS RI WKHVH EUHDG EDVNHWV WR SURYLGH D VWDEOH »DW VXUIDFH

I want to make an additional element that can be GURSSHG LQWR WKH GLDPRQG VKDSHG KROHV WR SURYLGH WKLV »DW VXUIDFH 6RPHWKLQJ LQ WKH OLQH RI D »H[LEOH UXJ PDGH IURP ZRRG DQG KHOG WRJHWKHU XVLQJ VWUDSSLQJ WDSH SLFWXUHG 7KH SLFWXUH VKRZV VRPH SLHFHV RI SDSHU , KDYH SODFHG LQVWHDG RI WKH PP WKLFN ZRRGHQ GLDPRQGV WR LOOXVWUDWH WKH LGHD 7KHVH °ºOOHG± FUDWHV FDQ WKHQ be used as a bench and a table. We can discuss in detail tomorrow. Bahbak


3UBJECT ô&URNITUREô ô!UBERGINEô.7

(OUSEôOFô*ONN

From: Nicholas Lobo Brennan 'DWH 0D\ 6XEMHFW *DOOHU\ (SKHPHUD 7R 6WHLHUKRҬHU (V]WHU +L (V]WHU After looking at Church Street and the GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH $QDWRP\ RI D 6WUHHW SURMHFW ZH ZRQGHUHG ZKDW KDSSHQV WR WKH VWUHHW ZKHQ LW EHFRPHV D JDOOHU\ DQG ZKDW KDSSHQV WR WKH JDOOHU\ ZKHQ LW EHFRPH D street. 2XU NH\ FRQFHUQV ZHUH ERWK WKH DSSDUDWXV RI °JDOOHU\± DQG &KXUFK 6WUHHW DQG KRZ WKH\ PHHW 6R RXU LGHD LV WR SURGXFH WKH DFWXDO $RD6 JDOOHU\ JXLGDQFH V\VWHP HSKHPHUD WKH PDS WKH DXGLR JXLGH WKH ZD\ ºQGHU 7KH SURMHFW WLPH OLPLW PHDQV WKDW WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI WKH JDOOHU\ OLNH SDUDSKHUQDOLD ZLOO EH WKH YHKLFOH WR OHDUQ DERXW &KXUFK 6WUHHW LWVHOI ZKLFK ZH OLNH

Let me know if you want more details of the actual HOHPHQWV ZH ZLOO SURGXFH , KDYH DWWDFKHG VRPH SKRWRV of Church Street which show some of the observations. :H FDQ GLVFXVV WKHP WRR Nick


3UBJECT ô'ALLERYô%PHEMERA

Edwin Heathcote

#HURCHôANDô+ING 4HEôPOINTôWHEREô#HURCHô3TREETôSPILLSôINTOôTHEôROARINGô 2OMANô2OADôOFô%DGWAREôAPPEARSôANôEXEMPLARôOFôô URBANôDYSFUNCTIONôANDôAôCRUSHINGôCRITIQUEôOFô,ONDON Sô PARTICULARôBRANDôOFôANTI URBANISM ô9ET ôTHISôISôAôCITYSCAPEô OFôINkNITEôCOMPLEXITY ôONEôOFôTHEôMOSTôPERFECTôCIPHERSôô FORôTHEôCONTEMPORARYôCITYôINôWHICHôGLOBALISATIONôINFORMSô THEôSTREETôINôEVERYôCONCEIVABLEôWAY ô 4HISôISôTHEôVIEWôFROMôTHATôCORNER ô4HEôMOUTHôOFôTHEô ôSTREETôFACESôAôHUGEôHOARDINGôANDôTHEôBEHEMOTHSôOFô 0ADDINGTONô"ASIN SôEXPANDINGôFRINGES ô4HISôISôTHEôSTRANGEô WORLDôOFô0ADDINGTONô'REEN ôTHEôCITY SôDEôFACTOôHIGH SECURITYôPOLICEôSTATION ôONCEôTHEôMONOPOLYôOFôTHEô)2! ôNOWô AôDROP INôSHOPôFORôSURVEILLEDô-USLIMSôBUTôALSOôTHEô#LASH Sô 7ESTWAY ôAôSTREAMôOFôIMAGINEDôMODERNITYôlOWINGôTHROUGHô THEôCITY ô#HURCHô3TREETôITSELFôISôDELICATELYôFRAMEDôINôô PERFECTôSYMMETRYôBYôAôPAIRôOFôTRAFkCôLIGHTSôANDôTHEôGUARD Sô TUNICôCOLOURSôORôAôMATCHINGôPAIRôOFô@NOôENTRY ôSIGNS ô 4HEôSTUCCOô6ICTORIANôTERRACEôSURVIVES ôSETôBACKôFROMô THEôSINGLEôSTOREYôSHOPFRONTôEXTENSIONôOFôWHATôWASôONCEô AôMUTUALISEDôBUILDINGôSOCIETYôBUTôHASôNOWôMORPHEDôINTOô THEô3PANISHô"ANCOô3ANTANDER ôITSôlAMEôLOGOôLOOKINGô DELICIOUSLYôLIKEôAôMANGALôORôGRILLEDôMEATôSIGN ô@3TUCCO ô SAIDô'ROUCHOô-ARXôOFô&LORIDA SôREALôESTATEôBOOM ôô @/ôCANôYOUôGETôSTUCCO ô4HEôlUSHôFA±ADES ôSTRIPPEDôNAKED ô CAKEDôWITHôPLASTERôLIKEôBADôFOUNDATION ôTURNôTHEôCORNERôô INTOôAôMESSôOFôPLASTICôSHOP SIGNSôANDôADSôFORôGLOBALôPHONEô ôCARDS ôTHISôNEWôCALLING HOMEôINDUSTRYôANNOUNCEDôô ONôITSôAD HOCôSTREETSIDEôBOXES ôTHEôSLIGHTLYôMOREôLEGALô EQUIVALENTôOFôTHEôSHARP SôTHREE CARD TRICKôCRATE ôô 4HEôGARISHôSIGNSôSEGUEôPERFECTLYôINTOôTHEôDUMBôPALEô FA±ADEôOFôTHEô4ESCOô-ETRO ôONEôOFô"RITAIN SôFEWôREMAININGô HOME GROWNôGLOBALôBRANDS ô4HEôARCHITECTUREôWHICHôô FRAMESôTHISôENTRANCEôTOôTHEôWORLDôOFô#HURCHô3TREETôISô DEkNEDôATôEVERYôCONCEIVABLEôSCALE ô&IRST ôTHEôRESILIENTô


#HURCHôANDô+ING

%DWINô(EATHCOTE

6ICTORIANôFABRICôWHICHôHASôSURVIVEDôABSURDôTRAFkCôSCHEMESô ANDôBOMBS ôTHENôTHEôHUMANE ô3CANDINAVIAN INlUENCEDô SOCIALôHOUSINGôOFôTHEôIMMEDIATEôPOST WARôPERIOD ôWHICHô MODESTLYôRETAINSôPITCHEDôROOFSôANDôWINDOWôSURROUNDS ôô AôFEWôGHOSTLYôREMNANTSôOFôNORTHERNô%UROPEANôTRADITION ô 4HISôGIVESôWAYôTOôMOREôHEROICôAPPLICATIONS ôTHEôRIBBONSôô OFôMODERNISTôHOUSING ôDETERMINEDôINôTHEIRôHORIZONTALITYôTOô ôCREATEôBANDSôOFôSOCIALôINTERCOURSEômôSTREET ôCANOPY ô TERRACE ôELEVATEDôACCESSWAYS ô4HISôISôGOOD ôSOLID ôSELF EFFACINGôURBANITY ôTHESEôNEARôINVISIBLEôSTRUCTURESôPROVEô EASILYôCAPABLEôOFôHANDLINGôBRIDAL WEARôSHOPS ôGROCERSôANDô CAFFS ôPERMEABLEôENOUGHôTOôACCOMMODATEôTHEô-IDDLEô %ASTERNôLIFESTYLE ôLIVEDôMOREôONôTHEôSTREETôTHANôINôTHEôSHOP ô YETôROBUSTôENOUGHôTOôREMAINôSECUREôANDôTOôADAPT ôô 4HENôTHISôMID MODERNEôGIVESôWAYôTOôAôLESSôHUMANEô VERSION ôBRICKôCLIFFSôANDôTOWERSôBEGINôTOôDISPERSEôô THEôSTREET ôBREAKINGôUPôTHEôPLANôTHOUGHôTHEIRôSHEERôMASS

CARDSô CLIENTSôPRESUMABLYôDOôNOTôWANTôTOôHAVEôNUMBERSô LOGGEDôONTOôTHEIRôMOBILEôACCOUNTS ôMEANSôTHATôTHEôô PHONEôBOXESôAREôINôGREATERôUSEôTHANôTHEYôAREôELSEWHERE ô WHEREôTHEYôHAVEôBECOMEôLARGELYôDEFUNCT ô ô !ôPUBLICôTOILETôISôDWARFEDôBYôTHEôCLIFFSôOFôSOCIALô HOUSINGôWHICHôFRAMEôIT ô)TSôHALFôTIMBERINGôISôAôTOUCHINGô REFERENCEôTOôAôBUCOLIC ôVILLAGEôGREENô%NGLISHNESS ôô 4HEôLASTôRESORTôOFôMOCKô4UDORôAPPLIEDôTOôTHATôMOSTôô %NGLISHôOFôBUILDINGôTYPES ô4HEôSTREETSôAREôFURTHERôlANKEDô BYôBUBBLEGUMôDISPENSERS ôBYôMOBILEôSTREETôSIGNS ôô BYôHISTORICISINGôBOLLARDSôANDôSIGNPOSTSôWHICHôBEARôNOô RELATIONôTOôTHEôPOST WARôWELFAREôBUILTôLANDSCAPEôINôô WHICHôTHEYôSTAND ô ô #HURCHô3TREETôGENTRIkESôRAPIDLY ô4HEôMARKETôSTALLS ô SOMEôOFôWHICHôSELLôCHANDELIERS ôOTHERSôSEEMINGLYô ATTEMPTINGôTOôSELLôSPANGLYôBELLYôDANCINGôOUTkTSôTOôTHEô HIJAB CLADô-USLIMôLADIES ôPETERôOUTôANDôGIVEôWAYôTOôô ANTIQUEôMODERNISTôFURNITUREôSHOPSôANDôTHEôINDOORôARCADEô OFô!LkES ô4HEôLASTôSTALLôISôAôFROTHYôCOFFEEôMERCHANT ôô AôHEAVILYôGENTRIkEDôINTRUDER ô*USTôASô"ENJAMINôPERCEIVEDô )NôTHEôARCADESôOFô0ARISôTHEôDECLINEôOFôAôPARTICULARô MOMENT ôBUTôALSOôAôSYMBOLôOFôAôCERTAINôKINDôOFôBOURGEOISô PRODUCTIONôANDôCONSUMPTIONômôINDUSTRYôANDôLUXURYômôONEô WHICHôGENERATEDôTHEôUNSETTLING ôOCCASIONALLYôJARRINGLYô SURREALôJUXTAPOSITIONôOFôOBJECTS ô"ENJAMINôREVELLEDôô INôTHEôDEFUNCTôGOODSôANDôTRADESôOFôTHEôARCADES ôGEAREDô TOWARDSôAôSOCIETYôTHATôNOôLONGERôEXISTED ôANDôOUTSIDEôô OFôTHEIRôTIME ôTEMPORALôASôWELLôASôSPATIALôPASSAGES ô)NôTHEô SELF CONSCIOUSôRETROôOFô!LkES ôTHEôEFFECTôISôACCELERATED ô MODERNEôCOCKTAILôCLASSICSôREDOLENTôOFôANôAGEôWHEREôWIVESô WEREôEXPECTEDôTOôGREETôTHEIRôRETURNINGôHUSBANDSôWITHôô Aô-ARTINI ôTHEôLAYERSôAREôSUFFUSEDôNOTôONLYôWITHôTHEôRESIDUEô OFôTIME ôBUTôALSOôENDLESSôLAYERSôOFôIRONY ô9ETôTHEYôDOôNOTôLETô USôFORGETôTHATôTHESEôAREôRELICSôOFôANôAGEôWHICHôCHERISHEDô MODERNITYôWITHôANôENTHUSIASMôWHOLLYôLACKINGôNOW ôô 4HEôSECURITYôOFôAôFUTUREôOFôPROGRESSôHASôDISAPPEARED ôô THEôAD HOCôAESTHETICôOFôTHEôMARKETôOUTSIDEôHASôREPLACEDôô AôVISIONôOFôGLEAMINGôTECHNOLOGY

"UTôBETWEENôTHEôHOUSINGôANDôTHEôPAVEMENTôEMERGESô ANOTHERôLANGUAGE ôANôARCHITECTUREôOFôTHEôIN BETWEEN ô)TôISô THISôARTICULATIONôOFôSTREETôFURNITUREôô ANDôMINI ARCHITECTUREôWHICHôGIVESô#HURCHô3TREETôITSô PARTICULARôEXPRESSION ô4HEôMODERNISTôBLOCKSôTOôEITHERôô SIDEôSETôAôDATUMôFORôTHEôSTREET ô&ASCIASôAREôCAPPEDôô WITHôCONCRETEôCANOPIESôSOôTHATôTHEôGARISHôPLASTICôLETTERINGô DOESN TôINFECTôTHEôDIGNITYôOFôTHEôHOUSINGôABOVE ôô "UTôEQUALLY ôTHESEôDEVICESôCREATEôSHELTERôANDôPRODUCEôô AôHUMANISEDôSCALEôWHICHôCHIMESôWITHôTHEôSTRIPYôô CANVASôCOVERINGSôOFôTHEôMARKETôSTANDSôANDôTHEôBARROWS ô 4HISôCORRESPONDENCEôBETWEENôBUILDINGôANDôTHEôITINERANTô ARCHITECTUREôOFôTHEôMARKETôCREATESôAôMID SCALEôWHICHô ISôWHATôMAKESôTHISôAôPARTôOFôAôREALôCITY ô"UTôTHEôSCALEôOFô THISôWORLDôISôNOTôLIMITEDôTOôTHEôMARKETôSTANDS ô4HEREôISô AôCOMPLEXôECOSYSTEMôOFôTHINGSôPOSITIONEDôATôTHISôSCALE ô 4HEREôAREôTHREEôDIFFERENTôSPECIESôOFôPHONEôBOX ôFROMôô THEôENCLOSEDôANDôGLAZEDôTOôTHEôSIMPLEôSIDE CANOPIED ôô 4HEôINTERNATIONALISMôANDôRELATIVEôPOVERTYôOFôPARTSôOFôô THEôAREAôANDôTHEôPROLIFERATIONôOFôPROSTITUTES ôADVERTISINGô


#HURCHôANDô+ING

%DWINô(EATHCOTE

ô 0ARALLELSôAREôTANTALISING ô#HURCHô3TREETôISôATôONCEôASô GLOBALISEDôASôANYWHEREôINôTHEôWORLD ôYETôRESOLUTELYôLOCALô INôITSôPARTICULARôBLENDôOFôBUSINESSESôANDôANôARCHITECTURALô AESTHETICôWHICHôRESULTSôFROMôANôENLIGHTENEDôPOST WARô CONSENSUSôANDôTHEôUNCERTAINTYôOFôAôPROPERTYôMARKETôWHICHô HASôDIFkCULTYôSIZINGôUPôTHEôPOTENTIALôOFôAôPOORôDISTRICTôONô THEôTHRESHOLDôOFôSOMEôOFôTHEôMOSTôVALUABLEôANDôDESIRABLEô REALôESTATEôINôTHEôWORLD ô4HEôFORMERô$UKEôOFô9ORKôPUBôONô THEôCORNERôOFô'ATEFORTHô3TREETôISôNOWôINHABITEDôBYôTHEô ,AHOREô2ESTAURANTô ESTABLISHEDô ô+IR¶LYô3TREETô +INGô 3TREET ôINô"UDAPESTôWAS ôCURIOUSLY ôNAMEDôAFTERôTHEôô +INGôOFô%NGLAND ô4HEô!NGOLô+IR¶LYô %NGLISHô+ING ôPUBôLENTô ôTHEôSTREETôITSôNAME ô)FôTHEREôAREôOTHERôLINKS ôTHEYôAREô THROUGHôTRADE ô+IR¶LYô3TREETôWASôAôCENTREôOFôTHEôCITY SôRAGô TRADE ôAôFEWôOFôITSôHABERDASHERSôANDôFABRICôSHOPSôREMAIN ô WHILSTô#HURCHô3TREET SôTRADERSôPLYôTHEIRôBRILLIANTLY COLOUREDô FABRICSôFROMôTHEIRôSTALLSôANDôSHOPS ô)TôWASôALSOôAôCENTREô OFôTHEôCITY Sô*EWISHôCOMMUNITY ôBAKERIESôANDôDELIS ôNOWô CATERINGôASôMUCHôORôMOREôFORô)SRAELIôORô!MERICANôTOURISTSô THANôFORôTHEôLOCALS ôSTILLôDOTôTHEôSURROUNDINGS ôWHILSTôô THEôEXTRAORDINARILYôTHEATRICALôENDLESSôPERSPECTIVEôOFôTHEô COURTYARDSôOFôTHEô'OZSDUô5DVARôJUSTôOFFô+IR¶LYô3TREETôô GIVEôANôINSIGHTôINTOôTHEôDENSITYôOFôTHEôURBANôFABRICôONôô THEôEDGEôOFôTHEôONE TIMEôGHETTO ô ,IKEô#HURCHô3TREET ô+IR¶LYô3TREETôBECAMEôANôEARLYô ADOPTERôDESIGNôGHETTO ôNOWôWITHô6!- SôDESIGNôCENTREô BRINGINGôTHEôCORPORATEôMODERNISMôOFôTHEôBIGô)TALIANô MANUFACTURERSôTOôTHEôCITY ô0REVIOUSLY ôITôWASôAôPLACEôOFô SMALL ôSMOKYôCAF¯SôANDôGRUDGINGôSERVICE ô#OMMUNIST ERAô STORESôWITHôWONDERFULLYôUNSELFCONSCIOUSôWINDOWôDISPLAYSô OFôMACHINEôPARTSôORôSUN FADEDô SôKNITTINGôPATTERNS ô .OW ôINôITSôBLENDôOFô@RUINôPUBS ôDESIGNôSHOPS ôKOSHERôCAFFSô ANDôPOP UPôSTORES ôITôHASôBECOMEôMOREôMAINSTREAM ô PANDERINGôTOôAôSENTIMENTALôIMAGEôOFôITSôOWNôDERELICTION ô 4HEôRUINôPUB ôAôPARTICULARLYô"UDAPESTôPHENOMENON ôô SEESôBARSôINHABITôTHEôCOMPLEXôSPACESôOFôDERELICTô APARTMENTôBLOCKS ôUSINGôEVERYôROOM ôFROMôCOURTYARDôô TOôGARRET ôTOôCREATEôAôROLLINGôSEQUENCEôOFôSPACEôINôWHICHô

THEôCUSTOMERôASSERTSôHISôORôHERôINDEPENDENCEôOFôTHEô FORMALôCITYôTHROUGHôAôKINDôOFôDRUNKENôD¯RIVE ô)TôOWESô MOREôTHANôAôLITTLEôTOôTHEôPOP UPôBARSôOFô"ERLIN ôWHICHôTOOKô ADVANTAGEôOFôTHEôURBANôCARNAGEôLEFTôBYôTHEôVACATIONôOFôTHEô SWOLLENôSTATEôAPPARATUSôOFôTHEô%ASTôAFTERôITSôSWALLOWINGôô UPôBYôTHEô7EST ô$OZENSôOFôPROPERTIES ôFROMô3TASIôOFkCESôTOô ôPOLICEôAPARTMENTS ôWEREôLEFTôEMPTYôANDôAPPROPRIATEDôBYô ENTERPRISINGôENTREPRENEURSôTOôCREATEôPARTYôSPACESôSELLINGô CHEAPôBEER ôWHICHôDISAPPEAREDôASôQUICKLYôASôTHEYôARRIVED ô THEIRôACTIVITYôTRACINGôFRENETICôPATTERNSôTHROUGHôTHEôPOCK MARKEDôFABRICôOFôTHEôCITY ôTHEIRôMOVEMENTôENSURINGôTHEYô STAYEDôHIPôANDôCHEAP ô4HEôBIGGESTôOFô"UDAPEST SôRUINô PUBSôHAVE ôOFôCOURSE ôBECOMEôINSTITUTIONALISED ôANDôTHEô AREAôAROUNDô+IR¶LYô3TREETôHASôBECOMEôTHEôEPICENTREôOFôTHISô FORMALISEDôINFORMALITY ô4HEôPOPôUPôANDôRUINôPHENOMENAô HIGHLIGHTôAôNUMBERôOFôCONTEMPORARYôCONCERNSômôTHEYô AREôATôONCEôAôSUBVERSIONôOFôTHEôCITYôFABRICôINôTHEôkNESTô 3ITUATIONISTôTRADITION ôWHILSTôATôTHEôSAMEôTIMEôBECOMINGôô AôFORMALISEDôFETISHISATIONôOFôDECAY ô4HEYôAREôAôHUGEô HITôWITHôTOURISTSôWHOôRAILôAGAINSTôTHEôCORPORATISATIONôOFô 7ESTERNô-AINô3TREET ôBUTôWHOôFAILôTOôACKNOWLEDGEôô THEIRôROLEôINôPRECISELYôTHEôKINDôOFôGENTRIkCATIONôWHICH ô ULTIMATELY ôLEADSôTOôTHEôARRIVALôOFôTHEôCORPORATES ô .EVERTHELESS ôINôTHEIRôTRANSFORMATIONôOFôTHEôHULKSôOFôTHEô NINETEENTHôCENTURYôCITYôTHEYôDOôALLOWôAôPENETRATIONôô INTOôANDôANôALTERNATIVEôREADINGôOFôTHEôINTERIORôSPACESôOFô THEôCITY ôWHICHôISôUNIQUEôAND ôINôAôVOYEURISTICôWAY ôô THRILLING ô4HEREôISôANôUNDOUBTEDôFRISSONôINôSUCHôSUBVERSIONô OFôDOMESTICITY ôBUTôITôISôACCOMPANIEDôBYôAôSADNESSô THATôTHEôCENTREôOFôTHEôCITYôISôBECOMINGôLESSôDENSEôASô INHABITANTSôMOVEôTOôTHEôSUBURBSôANDôSPENDôTHEIRôLEISUREô TIMEôATôTHEôMALL ô ô 7HETHERôINô#HURCHô3TREETôORô+IR¶LYô3TREET ôTHEREôô ISôANôEVER PRESENTôDANGERôINôOBSESSINGôABOUTôTHEôô DECLINEôOFôAôPARTICULARôVERSIONôOFôTHEôCITY ô4HEôGROWINGô TENDENCYôTOôIDOLISEôAUTHENTICITYôISôUNAVOIDABLEôINôAô GLOBALISED ôINSECURE ôRAPIDLY CHANGINGôANDôINTERNATIONALô GENTRIFYINGôURBANôREALM ô5NTILôRECENTLY ô+IR¶LYô3TREETôô


#HURCHôANDô+ING

WITHôITSô#OMMUNIST ERAôSHOPFRONTSôANDôDUSTYôDISPLAYS ô ITSôOLDôTIMEôESPRESSOôBARSôANDôMUSTY ôDECAYINGôBUILDINGS ô PRESENTEDôAôPICTUREôOFôAôCITYôSTUCKôINôAôSEEMINGLYôMOREô INTIMATEôURBANôMILIEU ô#HURCHô3TREETôTOO ôWITHôITSôBUZZôô ANDôASTONISHINGôDIVERSITYôOFôTHEôKITSCHôANDôTHEôUTILITARIAN ô ITSôSEEMINGLYôEXOTICôBLENDôOFôSHISHASôANDôHIJABSôô AGAINSTôAôBACKGROUNDôOFôTHEôARCHITECTUREôOFôTHEôWELFAREô STATE ôANDôTEMPEREDôWITHôTHEôCHICôOFôITSôMID CENTURYô MODERNEôSPECIALISTS ôSEEMSôTOôHAVEôFOUNDôANôURBANôIDEAL ôô "UT ôASôITSôRAPIDô)SLAMICISATIONôSHOWS ôTHEôSTREETSCAPEôô ISôFARôFROMôSTATIC ô 4HEôURGEôTOôPRESERVEôAUTHENTICITYôISôPOWERFULôBUTô MISLEADING ôITôISôPRECISELYôTHEôCITY SôPROPENSITYôFORôCHANGEô WHICHôKEEPSôITôALIVE ôEVENôIFôTHEôPROCESSôMAYôBEôPAINFUL ô ANDôEVENôIFôOURôTENDENCYôTOWARDSôTHEôSENTIMENTALISATIONô OFôANôEARLIERôERAôMAKESôUSôYEARNôFORôTHEôOLDôDAYS ô7HETHERô THEôCONTEXTôISô,ONDONôORô"UDAPEST ôTHATôREMEMBEREDô UTOPIANôCITYôALWAYSôSEEMSôTOôBEôSOMETHINGôSLIPPINGôFROMô OURôGRIP ô7EôSHOULDôINSTEADôRELAX ôATTEMPTôTOôENJOYôTHEôCITYô WHILEôWEôCAN ôANDôREVELôINôITSôENDLESSôCAPACITYôTOôABSORBô ANDôADAPT

Deepa Naik & Trenton Oldfield

4HEô3URREALô%XPERIENCEôô OFô4RYINGôTOô!DDRESSô )NEQUALITIESôWITHôTHEô,OGICôTHATô )NCREASEDôTHEM )NôTHEôTIMEô)ôWORKEDôATô#ITYSIDEô2EGENERATION ôô ô #ITYSIDEô2EGENERATIONô ,TDô #ITYSIDE ôOPERATEDô INôTHEô7ESTôOFô4OWERô (AMLETS ô#ITYSIDEôWASô AôNON PROkTôMAKINGô COMPANYôANDôPARTNERSHIPô BETWEENôTHEôPUBLIC ô PRIVATEôANDôCOMMUNITYô

SECTORSôINCLUDINGô4OWERô (AMLETSô#OUNCILôANDôTHEô #ORPORATIONôOFô,ONDON ô )TôWASôESTABLISHEDôTOô MANAGEôREGENERATIONô PROGRAMMES ô#ITYSIDEô MANAGEDôTHEô3INGLEô 2EGENERATIONô"UDGETô

2OUNDô ôPROGRAMMEô "UILDINGô"USINESSôô ôANDô2OUNDô ô PROGRAMME ô#ONNECTINGô #OMMUNITIESô ô #ORPORATIONôOFô,ONDON ô ACCESSEDôONô ô*UNEô ô

THEôORGANISATIONôHADôTWOôDIFFERENTôCHAIRMAN ôONEôWASôTHEô DEVELOPERô ôCO LANDOWNERôOFô3PITALkELDSô-ARKET ôô ô -IKEô"EAR ôCHAIRMANôOFô 3PITALkELDSô$EVELOPMENTô 'ROUPô 3$'

THEôOTHERôTHEôSOONôTOôRETIREô#%/ôOFôTHEôCOMPANYôTHATô OWNEDôMOSTôOFôTHEôLANDôANDôBUILDINGSôINô!LDGATEô%AST ôô ô $IRECTORôOFô4ISHMANô 3PEYER

4HEôOTHERôPOSITIONSôONôTHEôBOARDôCOMPRISEDôTHEôSEATSô SATôINôBYôEXECUTIVESôFROMôNEARBYôGLOBALôBANKS ôLOCALô BUSINESSMENôANDô.EWô,ABOURôPOLITICIANS ô4HEôBOARDô WASôALMOSTôALWAYSôABSENTôOFôINlUENCEôFROMôWOMENôANDô FROMôNON BUSINESSôORIENTATEDôORGANISATIONS ô4HEôBOARDô WASôALWAYSôABSENTôOFôAôDISSENTINGôVOICEôTHATôMIGHTô HAVEôCHALLENGEDôTHEôHEGEMONICôBUSINESSôORTHODOXY ô 4HEôSIGNIkCANTôMAJORITYôOFôTHEôPROJECTSôWEôWORKEDôINô NEIGHBOURHOODSôREQUIREDôANô@ENTREPRENEURIALôBUSINESS ô APPROACHôASôAôRESULTôOFôANôOBLIGATION ôSETôBYôCENTRALô


The Surreal Experience of Trying to Address…

GOVERNMENT ôTOôSECUREôATôLEASTô ô@MATCHôFUNDING ôFROMô NON GOVERNMENTôANDôNON CHARITYôSOURCESôFORôAôPROJECT ô 4HEôRESULTôOFôTHISôAUTHORITYôWASôTHEôPERVASIVEôDEPLOYMENTô OFôBUSINESSôPRACTICES ôBUSINESSôLOGICSôANDôBUSINESSô LEXICON ô!TôTHISôTIMEôPEOPLEôBEGANôTOôGIVEôTHEMSELVESôJOBô TITLESôLIKEô@5RBANô2ENEWALô#REATIVE ôORô@#REATIVEô)NDUSTRIESô )NCUBATORô-ANAGER ô5NSURPRISINGLYôBOTHôPLANNINGô APPLICATIONSôFORô!LDGATEô%ASTôANDôTHEôRE DEVELOPMENTôô OFô3PITALkELDSô-ARKETôASôANôOFkCEôBLOCKôWENTôTHROUGHôTHEô PLANNINGôPROCESSôWITHôEASE ôDESPITEôINôTHEôLATERôCASE ô OVERô ôSIGNATURESôBEINGôPRESENTEDôINôANôATTEMPTôTOô PREVENTôTHEôCREATIONôOFôANOTHERôNEWôPENINSULAôOFôkNANCIALô DISTRICTôSTYLEôMONOCULTURE ô ôô 7ITHôCAPITALISMôLEFTôFORôTHEôMOSTôPARTôUNCHALLENGEDô BYôTHEôCOLLAPSEôOFôTHEô3OVIETô5NIONôITôWASôINJECTEDô WITHôAôVIRULENTôNEWôLOGIC ôOFTENôREFERREDôTO ôPROBABLYôTOô SIMPLISTICALLY ôASôNEO LIBERALISM ô%VERYôASPECTôOFôô WORKôINôURBANôREGENERATIONôSTARTEDôTOôFUSEôWITHôTHEôLOGICô OFôAôWESTERNôBUSINESSMANôWITHôAôNEWô-"! ô7HENôô THEôREGENERATIONôPROGRAMME ôWHICHôHADôPROPELLEDôOVERô a MILLIONôOFôPUBLICôANDôPRIVATEôMONEY ôô ô 5NSCIENTIkCôCALCULATIONô OFôALLô@REGENERATIONô FUNDING ôALLOCATEDôTOôBEô SPENTôINôTHEôSTRIPôOFôLANDô

ABUTTINGôTHEô#ITYôOFô,ONDONô FROMô3Tô+ATHERNINE Sôô $OCKôTOô"ETHNALô'REENô BETWEENô m ô

INTOôTHEôTHINôSTRIPôOFôGEOGRAPHYôABUTTINGôTHEôEASTERNôEDGEô OFôTHEô#ORPORATIONôOFô,ONDONôCAMEôTOôAôCLOSE ôTHEôô SURREALôEXPERIENCEôOFôTRYINGôTOôADDRESSôINEQUALITIESôWITHô THEôLOGICôTHATôINCREASEDôTHEM ôWASôMADEôMOREôPECULIARô WITHôTHEôSACKINGôANDôSUNSQUENTôPOLICEôINVESTIAGTIONôOFôTHEô THEôTWOôSENIORôLOCALôAUTHORITYôREGENERATIONôOFkCERS ô ô .ISARô!HMEDôANDô $AVIDô2ICHARDSONôWEREô SUSPENDEDôTHENôDISMISSEDô FROMôTHEIRôSENIORôPOSTSô

INô*ANUARYô ô3EEô 2EGENERATIONôANDô2ENEWALô -AGAZINE ô ô*ANUARYô ô.ISARô!HMEDôWASô

JAILEDôFORô ôMONTHSôFORô THEFT ô3EEôCOURTNEWS CO UKô

ô$ESPITEôTHISôPICTUREôOFôCORROSION ôCOLLAPSEôANDô CONFUSION ô)ôWASôALSOôAWAREôDUEôTOôPERSONALôNETWORKôINô THEôLOCALITYôANDôWIDERôWORKôCONTEXT ôOFôAôMULTIPLICITYôOF

Deepa Naik & Trenton Oldfield

ORGANISATIONSôANDôPEOPLEôUNDERTAKINGôPROJECTSôCRITICALLYô INTERROGATINGôTHESEôPROCESSES ôASôWELLôASôAôVASTôBODYô OFôKNOWLEDGEôBEINGôEXPANDEDôBYôVIGOROUS ôUNEXPECTEDô ANDôHETEROGENEOUSôAGENTS ôô ô /URôPROFESSIONALôANDô VOLUNTARYôEXPERIENCEôHASô SPANNEDôACADEMICôWORK ô REGENERATIONôPROJECTô

MANAGEMENT ôACTIVITYôONô COMMITTEESôANDôBOARDS ô EDUCATIONôPROJECTSôONô HOUSINGôESTATESôANDôINô

LOCALôSCHOOLS ôREGENERATIONô INITIATIVESôANDôARTôINôTHEô PUBLICôSPHERE

.EWôCELLSôOFôNEWôKNOWLEDGEôWEREôANDôAREôCONTINUOUSLYô SURFACING ô4HISôKNOWLEDGEôISôGENERATEDôANDôSHAREDôMOSTô OFTENô@FROMôTHEôGROUNDôUP ôBYôTHOSEôTHATôINHABITôTHEôCITY ô THOSEôTHATôWORKôALONGSIDEôTHEMôANDôTHOSEôTHINKERSôWITHINô GOVERNMENTS ôTHINKôTANKSôORôPRIVATEôCOMPANIESôTHATôHAVEô NOTôBEENôSEDUCEDôINTOôONLYôPROMOTINGôANDôENABLINGôTHEô NOTIONôOFô@ERASE ôSTRETCH ôRELINQUISH ôô ô @%RASE ôSTRETCH ô RELINQUISH ôISôINTRODUCEDô HEREôASôAôTERMôTOô SUMMARISEôBOTHôTHEô THINKINGôANDôTHEôACTIONSô LEADINGôBUILT ENVIRONMENTô DECISION MAKINGô PROCESSES ô2ATHERôTHANô RE USINGôEXISTINGôBUILDINGô ANDôMAKINGôUSEôOFôTHEô IDEASôPUTôFORWARDôBYôLOCALô RESIDENTS ôBUILDINGSôAREô DEMOLISHED ô@%RASING ô ISôUNDERSTOODôASôBOTHô EASIERôANDôMOREôEFkCIENT ô $EMOLITIONôPRODUCESôANô

EMPTYôCANVASôSUITABLEôô FORôANôALIENô@TYPOLOGY ôTOô LAND ô4HEôNEWôTYPOLOGYô @STRETCHES ôALLôASPECTSô OFôTHEôSITEôINCLUDINGô SIZE ôHEIGHTôANDô PROGRAMMINGômôTHEôMAINô AIMôBEINGôTOô@STRETCH ô THEôPROkTôMARGINôFORôTHEô DEVELOPERôANDôTHEôTAXô REVENUESôFORôTHEôLOCALô AUTHORITY ô@2ELINQUISH ôISô THEôSTAGEôWHENôALMOSTô EVERYONEôTHATôHASô BENEkTEDôFROMô@STRETCHING ô MOVESôON ôTHEôDEVELOPERô

EITHERôSELLSôTHEôSITEôORô PASSESôONôMANAGEMENTô RESPONSIBILITIES ôTHEôô LOCALôAUTHORITYôNOôLONGERô OWNSôANYTHINGôANDô STRUGGLESôTOôANSWERôWHOô DOESôOWNôWHATôORôWHYô NONEôOFôTHEôFACILITIESô PROMISEDôHAVEôBEENô BUILT ôANDôTHEôNEIGHBOURSô @RELINQUISH ôORôRESIGNô THEMSELVESôTOôTHEôFACTô THATôTHEIRôNEIGHBOURHOODô WILLôNEVERôBEôWHATôITôCOULDô HAVEôBEEN

4HEôSITESôPROPAGATINGôNEWôKNOWLEDGEôAREôMOSTôOFTENô OUTSIDEôOFô@THEôURBANôINDUSTRY ôANDôTHEôAGENTSôOFôTHESEô NEWôPOSSIBILITIESôANDôPRACTICESôSEEMôTOôCOMEôTOGETHERô AROUNDôSHAREDôNOTIONSôOFôCOMPLEXITY ôTEXTURE ôRIGOURôANDô POTENTIALITY ô)SôITôNOTôTIMEôFORôAôRE UNDERSTANDINGôANDô RE FORMULATIONôOFôTHEôDISCIPLINESôAND ôABOVEôALL ôOFôTHEô PARTICIPANTSôINVOLVEDôINôMAKINGôSPACE ô)SôITôNOTôTIMEôô FORôURBANISMôTOôUNDERGOôAôTRANSFORMATIONôSIMILARôTOôTHATôô OFôSOCIOLOGYôOPENEDôUPôTHROUGHôCULTURALôSTUDIES ôORôô ARTôHISTORYôRE EXAMINEDôINôTHEôLIGHTôOFôVISUALôCULTURES ôô


…Inequalities with the Logic that Increased them

Deepa Naik & Trenton Oldfield

4HISôISôNOTôAôMOMENTôTOôBEMOANôORôTOôREACTôAGAINSTôTHEô CURRENTôSTRUCTURESôTHATôAREôTHOUGHTôLIMITINGôANDôLIMITED ôBUTô ANôOPPORTUNITYôTOôPRODUCEôNEWôCONDITIONS

THATôTHEôOUT OF STEPôBETWEENôOFkCIALôKNOWLEDGEôANDôô ON THE GROUNDôREALITIESôWASôCAUSINGôBURNINGôFRUSTRATIONôô FORôMANY ô0ERSONALôANDôPROFESSIONALôEXPERIENCEôINôô AôDIVERSITYôOFôARENASôBROUGHTôUSôINôCONTACTôWITHôSITESôOFô RELEVANT ôCRITICALôKNOWLEDGEôANDôPRACTICE ô4HESEôSITESô AREôOFTENôINDEPENDENTôBUTôALSOôINCLUDEôCLUSTERSôOFô RESEARCHôGROUPSôANDôLEADERSôWITHINôINNOVATIVEôCOMPANIESô PUSHINGôOUTôBEYONDôTHEIRôINSTITUTIONS ô7EôWEREôCONSTANTLYô WORKINGôALONGSIDEôPEOPLEôWITHôREMARKABLEôIDEASôANDô PROJECTSôTHATôWEôTHOUGHTôCOLLEAGUESôINôOTHERôkELDSôSHOULDôô KNOWôABOUT ô4HESEôWEREôNOTôBINARIES ôBUTôMISSEDô OPPORTUNITIESôRESULTINGôFROMôAôPERCEIVEDôISOLATIONôFROMô EACHôOTHER ô,IKEôOTHERS ôWEôRECOGNISEDôTHEôURGENCY ôô DESIREôANDôMUTUALôNEEDôFORôBARRIERSôTOôBEôBROKENôDOWN ô FORôIDEASôTOôBEôMADEôACCESSIBLEôANDôFORôANôEXPANDEDô DIALOGUEôTOôBEGIN ô)TôWASôCLEARôTOôUSôTHATôAôPLATFORMôWASô NEEDEDômôONEôTHATôWOULDôCIRCULATEôTHESEôMULTIPLEôô kELDSôANDôSITESôOFôKNOWLEDGE ô%NCOURAGEDôBYôCOLLEAGUESô ANDôASSOCIATES ôWEôSETôOUTôTOôCREATEôAôPLATFORMôTHATôô WOULDôDEMONSTRATEôTHEôPOTENTIALôOFôCOMINGôTOGETHER ô ô !RGUINGôFORôANôENGAGEMENTôWITHôAôRANGEôOFô APPROACHESôANDôDISCIPLINES ôTHINKERSôLIKEô3TUARTô(ALL ô .ICHOLASô-IRZOEFFôPERSISTENTLYôALLOWôUSôAVENUESôINô CONSIDERINGôHOWôTOôPROPOSEôTHEôCITYôASôAôSITEôOFôô KNOWLEDGEôANDôPOTENTIALITY ô7RITINGôABOUTôTHEô ! # ! $ % - 9ôEXHIBITION ô)RITô2OGOFFôASKED ô@7HEREôô AREôTHEôUNSEENôPOSSIBILITIESôTHATôALREADYôEXISTôô WITHINôTHESEôSPACESômôTHEôPEOPLEôWHOôAREôALREADYôô WORKINGôTHEREôANDôWHOôBRINGôTOGETHERôUNEXPECTEDôLIFEô EXPERIENCESôANDôCONNECTIONSwôTHEôPATHSôOUTWARDôô WHICHôEXTENDôBEYONDôTHEôMUSEUM ôTHEôSPACESôô ANDôNAVIGATIONALôVECTORSôWHICHôAREôUNEXPECTEDLYôô PLOTTEDôWITHINôIT ôô

ô 4HISô)Sô.OTô!ô'ATEWAY %VERYôMOVEMENTôANDôACTIONôINôAôCITYôISôAôNEGOTIATION ôEACHô SQUAREôFOOTôBELONGSôTOôAôPROkT MAKINGôSPREADSHEET ôEVERYô DESIGNôISôREVIEWED ôEVERYôNOTIONôOFô@CITIZENSHIP ôISôCONTESTED ô 4HEôWORKôOFô-ICHELô&OUCAULT ôANDô'AYATRIô3PIVAK ôô ô 3EEôFORôEXAMPLE ô -ICHELô&OUCAULT ô$ISCIPLINEô ANDô0UNISHMENTô 0ARIS ô 'ALLIMARD ô

ô 3EEôFORôEXAMPLE ô 'AYATRIô#HAKRAVORTYô 3PIVAK ô$EATHôOFôAô $ISCIPLINEô .EWô9ORK ô #OLUMBIAô5NIVERSITYôô 0RESS ô

PROVIDESôAôUSEFULôLENSôTOôQUESTIONôPOWER KNOWLEDGEô MECHANISMS ôALONGôWITHôTHEôEXCLUSIONôANDôMARGINALISATIONô OFôCERTAINôGROUPSôRESULTINGôFROMôTHEôMAINTENANCEôOFôô POWERôWITHINôTHEôURBANôINDUSTRY ô4HEôQUESTIONôOFôHOWô WEôMIGHTôAPPROACHôTHESEôREALITIES ôASôSIGNIkCANTLYôMOREô PEOPLEôDEMANDôAGENCYôINôTHEIRôCITIES ôHASôBEENôGUIDEDôô BYôTHEôPRACTICESôOFôBOTHô3AULô!LINSKY ôANDô0AULOô&REIRE ô 3EEôFORôEXAMPLE ô3AULô !LINSKY ô2ULESôFORô2ADICALS ô !ôPRAGMATICôPRIMERôFORô REALISTICôRADICALSô .EWô 9ORK ô6INTAGE ô

ô 0AULOô&REIRE ô0EDAGOGYô OFôTHEô/PPRESSEDô .EWô 9ORK ô#ONTINUUM ô

ô &OLLOWINGô!LINSKY ôTHEôNEEDôTOôACTôARISESôFROMô RECOGNISINGô@THEôWORLDôASôITôIS ô2ESEARCHôDATAôFROMôô 5. (ABITATôANDô5RBANô!GEôMAKEôEXPLICITôTHEôSIGNIkCANTô IMPLICATIONSôOFôURBANISATIONôONôPEOPLE SôEVERYDAYô LIVES ô3TATISTICSôDETAILINGôTHEôNUMBERôOFôTALLôBUILDINGSô CONSTRUCTEDôINô$UBAIôANDôTHEôACCELERATINGôCONCENTRATIONô OFôkNANCIALôANDôPOLITICALôPOWERôINôAôHANDFULôOFôCITIESôAREô SETôAGAINSTô@STOMACHôDROPPING ôANDôCLEARLYôUNACCEPTABLEô LEVELSôOFôPOVERTY ôINJUSTICE ôMONOPOLISATION ôCOLLUSIONôô ANDôEXPLOITATION ô/URôDISCUSSIONSôWITHôTHOSEôWORKINGôô BOTHôWITHINôANDôOUTSIDEôSPATIALôPRACTICESôMADEôITôCLEARôô

ô )RITô2OGOFF ô4URNING ô E lUXô*OURNALô ô

WWW E lUX COM JOURNAL VIEW ô

)TôISôTHISôCURIOSITYôANDôCONTINUALôQUESTIONINGôHOWôSPACESô ANDôKNOWLEDGEôCANôBEôUNBOUNDôFROMôESTABLISHEDôLIMITSô


The Surreal Experience of Trying to Address…

!LLANô3IEGEL

ANDôEXPECTATIONSôTHATôHAVEôINFORMEDôOURôTHINKING ôô 7EôKNOWôTHATôLANGUAGEôFRAMESôTHOUGHTôANDôTHEô USEFULNESSôOFôVISUALôCULTUREôCANôALSOôBEôDEMONSTRATEDôô BYôAôCONSIDERATIONôOFôSHIFTINGôTERMSôSUCHôCRITICISM ôô CRITIQUEôANDôCRITICALITY ôPOTENTIALITYôANDôACTUALISATION ôô TERMSôTHATôALTERôINôCONVERGENCEôWITHôTHEôCHANGINGô CONDITIONSôTHEYôSEEKôTOôADDRESS ô4HEôSIGNIkCANCEôOFôô THISôISôNOTôTOôDEEPENôANôUNDERSTANDINGôOFôAôkXEDôOBJECTô OFôSTUDY ôINôTHISôCASEô@THEôCITY ôBUTôRATHERôTOôCREATEôTHEô POSSIBILITYôOFôPRISINGôOPENôTHEôkELD ôMAKINGôITSôCOMPLEXITIESô EXPLICIT ôANDôALLOWINGôFORôUNEXPECTEDôACTORSôTOôPROPELôô IDEASôFORWARD

.OTESôONôô Aô3TREETôINô4RANSITION

4HEôFULLôVERSIONôOFôTHISô PAPERôISôAVAILABLEôINô #RITICALô#ITIES ô)DEAS ô +NOWLEDGEô ô!GITATIONô FROMô%MERGINGô5RBANITSô 6OL ôô

6OLUMEô ôWILLôBEôLAUNCHEDô INô3EPTEMBERô ô#RITICALô #ITIESôISôPUBLISHEDôBYô -YRDLEô#OURTô0RESS

$URINGôTHEôCOURSEôOFôAôCITY SôEVOLUTION ôITSôTHOROUGHFARESô DEVELOPôDISTINCTôCHARACTERISTICSôANDôVALUESôSIGNIFYINGôô THEIRôDIFFERENTôPROkLESôANDôFUNCTIONS ô)NôTHISôCONTEXT ôTHEô URBANôSTREETôISôNOTôTOOôFARôREMOVEDôFROMôTHEôTRADINGô ROUTESôBLAZEDôFROMôTHEôWILDERNESSôORôCHARTEDôBYôMARINERS ô $ECADESôAGO ô*ANEô*ACOBSôCLARIkEDôWHYôSTREETSôCANôBEô MOREôTHANôSIMPLYôPIPELINESôTRANSMITTINGôPEOPLEôORôTHINGSô FROMôONEôPLACEôTOôTHEôNEXT ô)NôCONTRASTôTOôTHEIRôFUNCTIONô ASôBASICôTRANSPORTôMECHANISMS ôINôTHEôMOSTôDYNAMICô SITUATIONSôTHEYôAREôORGANICôENTITIES ô 5RBANISTS ôPLANNERS ôSOCIOLOGISTSôANDôCITYôDWELLERSô HAVEôARGUEDôRELENTLESSLYôABOUTôTHEôQUALITIESôTHATôMAKEô ONEôSTREETôRESILIENTôANDôALIVEôWHILEôANOTHERôISôMORIBUNDô ANDôDESOLATE ô3EARCHINGôFORôSOMEôMAGICALôINGREDIENTôô TOôINJECTôINTOôTHEôLIFEôBLOODôOFôAôCITY SôATROPHYINGôELEMENTS ô THEYôOFTENôINVENTôPANACEASôTHATôINADEQUATELYôCONSIDERôô THEôWELL FUNCTIONINGôDYNAMICSôOFôAôPUBLICôSPACE ô4HEôRESULTSô BECOMEôREDUCTIONISTôSOLUTIONSôTHATôCOMPRESSôTHEô COMPLEXITYôOFôURBANôINTER RELATIONSHIPS ôOFTENôFOREGROUNDINGô FEATURESôOFôDESIGNôATôTHEôEXPENSEôOFôHISTORICALôANDôô SOCIALôFACTORSômôFACTORSôNOTôALWAYSôEASILYôIDENTIkABLE ôBUTô WHICHôAREôCRITICALôTOôPROCESSESôOFôAôSTREET SôRE INVENTIONô ANDôSUSTAINABILITY ô &RANKô3INATRAôSANGôABOUTô@3TATEô3TREET ôTHATôGREATô STREET ôINôAôPAEANôTOô#HICAGO ôYET ôINôTHEôCLOSINGôDECADESô OFôTHEô THôCENTURY ô3TATEô3TREETôWASôAôBOULEVARDôONô LIFEôSUPPORT ô,OCATEDôINôTHEôCITY SôCOMMERCIALôCENTRE ô PLANNERSôTENACIOUSLYôSOUGHTôTOôREVIVEôTHEôONCEôMAJESTICô THOROUGHFARE ô&IRST ôITôWASôTURNEDôINTOôAôPEDESTRIANôô ZONE ôANDôTHENôREVAMPEDôANDôRETURNEDôTOôTHEôCLAMOURôô OFôAUTOSôANDôBUSESôTRAVERSINGôDOWNTOWN ô$ESPITEôô ITSôARCHITECTURALôLANDMARKS ôAFTERôSIXôO CLOCKô3TATEô3TREETô


.OTESôONôAô3TREETôINô4RANSITION

!LLANô3IEGEL

WASôDRAINEDôOFôITSôVITALITY ôASôPEOPLEôRETURNEDôTOô SURROUNDINGôNEIGHBOURHOODSôANDôTHEôSUBURBS ô 5NDERTAKINGSôLIKEô3TATEô3TREET ôREGARDLESSôOFôTHEô COLLECTIONôOFôEXPERTS ôAREôINEFFECTIVEôIFôTHEôMOTIVESôô ATôTHEôBASEôOFôTHEôPROCESSôAREôILL CONCEIVEDôORôFAILôTOô CONSIDERôTHEôSOCIO SPATIALôDYNAMICSôTHATôHAVEôô PROPELLEDôAôSTREET SôEVOLUTIONô ORôITSôDEMISE ô7ITHôTHEô LOCATIONSôUNDERôCONSIDERATIONôHERE ôTHESEôISSUESôô COMEôTOôTHEôFORE ôINôTHEôMOREôGENERALôSENSEôASôCASEô STUDIESôINôTHEôFORMULATIONôANDôIMPLEMENTATIONôOFôô URBANôDESIGNôCONCEPTS ôANDôMOREôPARTICULARLYôIFô ANDôHOW ô THEôSPECIkCôQUALITIESôOFôANôURBANôSPACEôCANôBEôô AMPLIkEDôANDôSUSTAINED ô 0¯CSôISôAôSMALLôCITYôINôSOUTHWESTERNô(UNGARY ô AôFRACTIONôOFôTHEôSIZEôOFô#HICAGO ôITSôHISTORICALôCENTREôô DATESôBACKôTOôTHEô2OMANô%MPIREôANDôNOWôCONTAINSôô ANôAMALGAMôOFôNATIONALITIES ôRElECTINGôTHEôREGION SôGEO ô POLITICALôVICISSITUDES ô4HEôMAINôHISTORICAL ôCIVICôANDô RELIGIOUSôSTRUCTURESôAREôSITUATEDôINôAôCOREôAREA ô!CTINGôASôô AôBUFFERôAGAINSTôAUTOôTRAFkC ôTHISôCENTREôISôENCIRCLEDôBYôô AôROADWAY ôWHICHôDISTRIBUTESôTRAFkCôHEADEDôINTOôPERIPHERALô AREAS ô"EYONDôTHEô@RING ôANDôEXTENDINGôTOôTHEôCITY Sô BOUNDARIESôLIESôANôASSEMBLAGEôOFôSMALLERôCOMMUNITIESô ANDôCOMMERCIALôDISTRICTS ô,IKEôWINDOWEDôMONOLITHS ôô THEôRESIDENTIALôAREASôAREôDOTTEDôWITHôHOUSINGôBLOCKS ô 4HEYôGIVEôTHESEôNEIGHBOURHOODSôAôDISTINCTôPHYSICALô APPEARANCE ô%XPEDITIOUSLYôCONSTRUCTED ôFREQUENTLYôPRE FABRICATED ôTHISôTYPEôOFôMOSTLYôFEATURELESSôHOUSINGôISôSEENô OFTENôTHROUGHOUTô#ENTRALô ô%ASTERNô%UROPEôANDôWASôBUILTôô INôCONJUNCTIONôWITHôREGIONALôECONOMICôANDôINDUSTRIALô POLICIES ô$ESPITEôTHEôEXPEDIENCYôOFôTHEIRôCONSTRUCTION ôTHESEô NEIGHBOURHOODSôFREQUENTLYôCONTAINôAôRANGEôOFôAMENITIESô ANDôVARIATIONSôINôDESIGN ôSUFkCIENTôTOôPROVIDEôAôQUITEô LIVEABLEôENVIRONMENT ô 7ITHINôTHEôMIDSTôOFôTHISôCONSTELLATIONôOFôTHEôOLDôô ANDôNEW ôTHEôBANALôANDôTHEôREMARKABLE ôLIESô+IR¶LYô3TREETô +INGô3TREET ôAôSTREETôNAMEôUBIQUITOUSôINô(UNGARYôANDô OFTENôONEôOFôSIGNIkCANCE ô)Nô0¯CS ôITôISôANôIMPORTANTôLINKôô

INôAôMOSTLYôPEDESTRIANôROUTEôTHATôRUNSôFROMôONEôENDôOFôTHEô CITYôRINGôTOôTHEôOTHER ô!ôJOURNEYôALONGô+IR¶LY ôINCLUDINGôITSô WESTERNôANDôEASTERNôEXTENSIONS ôISôkLLEDôWITHôDETAILSôTHATô MARKôTHEôCITY SôHISTORY ô

!TôTHEôSTREET SôMID POINTôISô3Z¯CHENYIô 3QUARE ôWHEREôTHEô'¶ZIô+¶SZIMô -OSQUEô NOWôAô#ATHOLICô#HURCH ô COMMANDSôTHISôLARGEôPUBLICôSPACE ô "UILTôDURINGôTHEô THôCENTURY ôWHENôô THEôCITYôWASôPARTôOFôTHEô/TTOMANô %MPIRE ôITôSITSôPERCHEDôATOPôTHEôGENTLYô SLOPINGôSQUARE ô.EARBYôAREôTHEôGLOBAL ô YETôHEREôDISCRETE ôYELLOWôARCHESôOFôô Aô-C$ONALDSôANDôTHEôLANDMARKôFOUR ô STARô0ANNONIAô(OTEL ô!TôTHEôEASTERNô ôISôENDôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREETô 5PPERô #USTOMSHOUSEô3TREET ôISôWHATôREMAINSôOFôTHEô:SOLNAYô ôCERAMICSôFACTORY ô"EGUNôINô ôASôAôFAMILYôENTERPRISE ô ITôBECAMEôONEôOFôTHEôLARGESTôFACTORIESôINôTHEô!USTRO (UNGARIANô%MPIRE ôITSôGLAZINGôTECHNIQUESôANDô CRAFTSMANSHIPôWEREôWELL KNOWNôTHROUGHOUTô%UROPE ô 7ALKINGôWEST ôANDôJUSTôTOôTHEôSOUTH ôAREôTHEôREMNANTSôOFô THEôOLDôMARKETôSQUARE ô!ôBITôFURTHERôISô4HEATREô3QUARE ôô AôSMALLôPUBLICôSPACEôSURROUNDEDôBYôAôLARGEôCONCERTôHALL ô THEATREôANDôOTHERôCULTURALôFACILITIES ô/NôTHEôOPPOSITEôô SIDEôOFô3Z¯CHENYIô3QUAREôISô*¥KAIô3QUARE ôAôJUNCTIONôô OFôFOURôSTREETS ôTHEôMAINôONEôBEINGô&ERENCESEKô3TREET ô THEôPEDESTRIANôWAYôLINKINGôTHEôCITYôCENTREôTOôTHEôLARGEô MAINôCAMPUSôOFôTHEô5NIVERSITYôOFô0¯CS ô(UNGARY SôLARGESTô UNIVERSITY ô)NôTHISôSENSE ôTHEôLIFEôBLOODôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREETôô ISôINSEPARABLEôFROMôTHEôCIVICôINSTITUTIONSôANDôPUBLICôSPACESô WHICHôDESCRIBEôTHEôCITY SôCENTRALôCORE ô 4HUS ôASôTHEôMAINôELEMENTôINôAôWELL USEDôURBANô PATHWAY ô+IR¶LYô3TREETôPOSSESSESôCONSIDERABLEôIMPORTANCEô BUTôWITHôONLYôAôPASSINGôRESEMBLANCEôTOôAôTHRIVINGô%NGLISHô HIGHôSTREET ô7ALKINGôEASTWARD ôTHEôCONTRASTôBECOMESô CLEARER ôASôTHEôNUMBERôOFôVACANTôSTOREFRONTSôANDôOFkCEô


.OTESôONôAô3TREETôINô4RANSITION

!LLANô3IEGEL

SPACESôINCREASESôANDô+IR¶LY SôATTRACTIVENESSôASôAôBUSINESSô LOCATIONôBECOMESôMARGINAL ô)NSTEADôOFôAôWELL PROPORTIONEDô RESILIENCE ôITSôALLUREôDEPENDSôUPONôTHEôCENTRALLYôPOSITIONEDô COMMERCIALôELEMENTS ôWHICHôINôTURNôRELYôONôTOURISMôANDô THEôDRAWINGôPOWERôOFôTHEôTHEATRES ôCAF¯SôANDôRESTAURANTSô TOôSTAYôALIVE ô 4HEôTHRIVINGô%NGLISHô(IGHô3TREETôEXISTSôONôAôBALANCEô OFôCOMMERCIALôENTERPRISESôANDôANôAVAILABLEôSUPPLYôOFô SHOPPERS ô)NôCONTRAST ôWHILEô+IR¶LYôHASôANôABUNDANCEô OFôPOTENTIALôSHOPPERS ôTHEYôAREôDRAWNôMOSTLYôTOôMALLSô ANDôHYPERMARKETS ô7HATôARISESôTHENôISôAôSHARPôDISPARITYô BETWEENôTHEôHISTORICALLYôGROUNDEDôURBANôPROMENADEô WHICHô+IR¶LYô 3TREETô REPRESENTSô ANDôTHEô ENCLOSEDô WALKWAYSôô OFôTHEôNEARBYô ÓRK¶Dô3HOPPINGô-ALL ô7ITHôEASYôAUTOôACCESSôANDôAôLOCATIONôô ONôTHEôMAINôTRAFkCôROUTEôBISECTINGôTHEôCITY ôÓRK¶DôSIGNIkESô AôPRIMEôSYMBOLôOFôTHEôCONSUMERISTôCULTUREôTHATôAROSEôASô %ASTô ô7ESTôBARRIERSôWEREôEXPUNGEDôINôTHEôYEARSôAFTERô ô 7ITHôTHEôASCENDANCYôOFôMALLSôANDôHYPERMARKETS ôAôPUBLICô SPACEôLIKEôTHEô+IR¶LYôPROMENADEôISôPITTEDôAGAINSTôTHEô ENCLOSED ôHEAVILYôMONITORED ôPRIVATISEDôSPACEôOFôTHEôMALL ô 7HENô)ôARRIVEDôINô0¯CSôINô/CTOBERôOFôLASTôYEARôASôô PARTôOFôANôARTISTôRESIDENCYôPROJECT ôTHEôEXTREMITIESôô OFôTHEô+IR¶LYôEAST WESTôAXISôANDô3Z¯CHENYIô3QUAREôWEREô PARTôOFôTHEôMASSIVEôCITY WIDEôTRANSFORMATIONôEASILYô SEENôINôTHEôMASSôOFôNEWôBUILDINGôCONSTRUCTIONôANDô REJUVENATIONôPROCESSES ô4HEôSWIRLôOFôACTIVITY ôTRAFkCôDETOURSô ANDôPEDESTRIANôRE ROUTINGSôWEREôTHEôRESULTôOFôTHEôCITY Sô DESIGNATIONôASôAô ô#ULTURALô#APITALôOFô%UROPEômôALONGô WITHô%SSENôANDô)STANBUL ô 3OMEôYEARSôAGO ôWHENô0¯CSôWASôVYINGôFORôTHEô #ULTURALô#APITALôTITLE ô)ôATTENDEDôAôPLANNINGôMEETINGôô WHICHôTOOKôPLACEôINôANôEXHIBITIONôSPACEôONô+IR¶LYô3TREET ôô

4HEôCITYôWASôCOMPETINGôAGAINSTô"UDAPESTôANDôOTHERôLARGEô (UNGARIANôCITIES ô"ESIDESôTHEôSHORTôTERMôCASHôBENEkTS ôô MANYôOFôTHOSEôPRESENTôHADôCONSIDEREDôWHATôCOULDôBEôô THEôLONG RANGEôPOSITIVEôEFFECTSôOFôTHEôCITY SôSELECTIONôANDôô MADEôSPECIkCôSUGGESTIONSôREGARDINGôIMPROVEMENTSôINôô THEôINFRASTRUCTUREôANDôCULTURALôINSTITUTIONS ô)TôWASôTHEREFOREôô WITHôGREATôCURIOSITYôTHATô)ôRETURNEDôTOôTHEôCITYôANDô VIEWEDôHOWôTHEôRESULTSôOFôTHOSEôDISCUSSIONSôWEREôBEINGô TRANSLATED ô4HISôWASôNOTôCONkNEDôJUSTôTOôTHEôCITYôCENTRE ô THEôSTIRRINGSôGENERATEDôBYôTHISôINFUSIONôOFôPUBLICôANDô PRIVATEôCAPITALôCOULDôBEôSEENôINôMOSTôAREASôOFôTHEôCITY ôBUTô WEREôHIGHLYôVISIBLEômôANDôDISRUPTIVEômôALONGôTHEô+IR¶LYôAXIS ô $URINGôTHEôTHREEôMONTHSôOFôMYôRESIDENCY ôô )ôDEVELOPEDôANôITINERARYôOFôLOCATIONSôWHICHôSPANNEDôô MANYôOFôTHEôCITY SôDISTRICTS ô)ôFOCUSEDôONôAREASôEMANATINGô FROMô0¯CS ôSPECIALôSTATUS ô)ôVISITEDôTHEMôREGULARLYôô ANDôDOCUMENTEDôASPECTSôOFôTHEôCONSTRUCTIONôPROCESSôANDô ADJUSTMENTSôINôMANYôFACETSôOFôTHEôCITYSCAPE ô4HEôFACTôô THATôMANYôOFôTHEôCHANGESôWEREôCOSMETICôDIDôNOTô NECESSARILYôDIMINISHôTHEIRôUSEFULNESSôORôVALUE ô"UTôSOMEô OFôTHISôUPGRADINGôANDôNEWôCONSTRUCTIONôWASôBEGUNôRAPIDLYô ANDôOFTENôHAPHAZARDLY ô!ND ôWHILEôTHEôNEWôBUILDINGSô ALTEREDôTHEôCITY SôFABRICôANDôIMPROVEDôITSôCULTURALôFACILITIES ô THEôQUESTIONôWHICHôOFTENôCROSSEDôMYôMINDôCONCERNEDôô HOWôALLôTHEôPIECESôWOULDôkTôTOGETHERôANDôATôWHATôCOST ô 3TARTINGôFROMôSCRATCHôANDôCREATINGôNEWôSTRUCTURESô REPRESENTSôONEôTYPEôOFôCHALLENGEôFORôARCHITECTSôANDô PLANNERS ôBUTôADJUSTING ôBENDINGôORôERADICATINGôWHATô ALREADYôEXISTSôVENTURESôINTOôCONCEPTUALôANDôPRACTICALô TERRITORIESôWHEREôANôASSORTMENTôOFôCONlICTINGôINTERESTSô FREQUENTLYôCOLLIDE ôOFTENôPRODUCINGôMUTEDôSOLUTIONSôDEVOIDô OFôANYôCOHESION ô7ITHôSUCHôBRASHNESSôOFôPURPOSE ôTHEô RESULTINGôSTRUCTURES ôWHETHERôNEWôORôREFURBISHED ôAREôô OFTENôROBBEDôOFôHISTORICALôSUBTEXTôWITHôTHEôEDGESôOFôTIMEô BRUSHEDôINTOôANôHOMOGENISEDôSURFACE ô4HEôBEWILDERINGô SENSEôOFôPURPOSEôWHICHôLIESôBEHINDôTHEô+IR¶LYôREVITALISATIONô PROJECTSôSEEMSôTOôRELINQUISHôTHEôSTREET SôVITALITYôTOôTHEô MODULATEDôEXPERIENCEôOFôTHEôSHOPPINGôMALL


.OTESôONôAô3TREETôINô4RANSITION

ô 4HUS ôTHEôALTERATIONôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREETôILLUSTRATESô THEôSHORTCOMINGSôOFôCOSMETICôSOLUTIONSôDIRECTEDôATô FUNDAMENTALôURBANôISSUES ô0ROCESSESôOFôANALYSISôANDô EVALUATION ôASôWELLôASôDESIGN ôAREôONLYôCONCEPTUALô INDICATORSôOFôHOWôURBANôTRANSFORMATIONSôCANôEXTENDôô ORôRECONkGUREôEXISTINGôSOCIALôSPACESô ORôACCELERATEôTHEIRô DISASSEMBLY ô4HEôOUTCOMEôOFôTHESEôPROCESSESôLIESôô NOTôONLYôINôWHATôHASôBEENôVISIBLYôALTERED ôBUTôALSOôINôTHOSEô STRUCTURESôANDôSPACESôTHATôAREôUNTOUCHEDôORôVACANT ôô 4HUS ôTODAY ôNOTôFARôFROMô+IR¶LYôô 3TREET ôSITSôAôVASTôEMPTYôSPACEôTHATô WASôFORMALLYôAôSMALLôMARKETôHALL ô ô0ERHAPSôTHATôMARKETôWASôINTRINSICôô TOôITSôVITALITY ô.OWôITSôPRESENCEôISôONLYôô ASôAôGAPINGôWOUND ôDESPITEôITSô CONTINUEDôINSEPARABILITYôFROMôOTHERô ELEMENTSôWITHINôTHEôURBANôHABITAT ô 7ITHINôTHISôFRAMEWORK ôAôSTREET ôWITHôITSôOWNô ECOLOGICALôANDôORGANICôQUALITIES ôISôSIMPLYôONEôELEMENTôô INôTHEôURBANôMATRIX ô!ND ôWHILEôINITIATIVESôTOôALTERôô THESEôQUALITIESôMIGHTôORIGINATEôFROMôGOODôINTENTIONS ô ULTIMATELY ôTHEôMANNERôINôWHICHôURBANôARTERIESôLIKEôô +IR¶LYô3TREETôAREôWOVENôINTOôORôDISCONNECTEDôFROMôô THEôFABRICôOFôURBANôSPATIALITYôCORRELATESôDIRECTLYôWITHôô THEôRESULTS ô!NDôTHEôRESULTSôCANNOTôBEôMEASUREDôSIMPLYôô BYôCALIBRATINGôTHEôNUMBERôOFôNEWôFA±ADESôORôWALKWAYS ô 2ATHER ôTHEôCONSEQUENCES ôWHENôTHEYôPROVEôTOôBEô BENEkCIAL ôRESONATEôASôAôTYPEôOFôMAGNETICôkELDôTHATôCRISS CROSSESôAôPUBLICôSPACE ôCHARGINGôITôWITHôSUBSTANCEôô ANDôMEANING

0¯TERô2¶KOSIô ô4EHNICAô3CHWEIZ

3HOPô7INDOWS ôô ANô)NVENTORY


3HOPô7INDOWS ôANô)NVENTORY

0¯TERô2¶KOSI


3HOPô7INDOWS ôANô)NVENTORY

$ERSô#SABA

#OMMUNITYômô #OMMUNITYô3PACE #OMMUNITYôANDôCOMMUNITYôSPACEôAREôCLOSELYôRELATED ôô THISôISôWHATôWEôHAVEôCOMEôTOôCONCLUDEôAFTERôBRAINSTORMINGô OVERôTHEôCASEôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREETô +INGô3TREET ôATôTHEô0¯CSô WORKSHOPôOFô5RBANô)DEASô"AKERY ôô ô HTTP CREATIVECITIES BRITISHCOUNCIL ORG URBAN?

3HOP WINDOWSôCONSTITUTEô THEôMOSTôVISIBLEôLAYERô OFôTHEôURBANôSIGNSCAPE ô 4OGETHERôWITHôPOSTERS ô ADVERTISEMENTSôANDô GRAFkTIôMESSAGES ôTHEYô CONSTANTLYôUPDATEôTHEô CITY SôVISUALôENVIRONMENT ô THEYôDESCRIBEôTOôTHEô PASSER BYôTHEôCURRENTôSTATEô OFôCONSUMABLEôOBJECTS ô #REATEDôTOôANIMATEôTHEô DESIREôOFôSHOPPERS ô THEYôAREôALSOôTALKATIVEô

INVENTORIESôOFôWHATôAô STOREôHASôTOôCOMMUNICATE ô #REATEDôWITHôCRAFT ôHUMOURô ORôEXHIBITIONISM ôSOMEô SHOP WINDOWSôPEELô OFFôFROMôTHEôSTOREôTHEYô REPRESENTôANDôBECOMEô SELF REFERENTIALôSIGNS ôMEREô DECORATIONSôOFôTHEôSTREET ô 7HILEô0¯TERô2¶KOSIô STARTEDôPHOTOGRAPHINGô SHOP WINDOWSôAôFEWô YEARSôAGO ôHISôINTERESTôINô THEôSUBJECTôDATESôBACKô

TOôHISôEARLIERôCARRIERô ASôAôWINDOW DRESSER ô 2EGULARLYôRETURNINGôTOô CERTAINôNEIGHBOURHOODSô ORôSTREETS ôHEôBEGANô RECORDINGôANDôCATALOGUINGô VITRINEôDECORATIONS ô4HEô GEOMETRICôPRECISIONôOFô THESEôPHOTOGRAPHSôANDô THEIRôORGANISATIONôINTOô AôSERIESôSUGGESTôTHEô STRUCTUREôOFôANôINVENTORY

IDEAS?BAKERY EVENT URBAN? IDEAS?BAKERY?IN?0¯CS

!ôPROPERLYôFUNCTIONINGôCOMMUNITYôSPACEôPRESUPPOSESôAô PROPERLYôFUNCTIONINGôCOMMUNITY ôWHICHôISôABLEôTOôFORMULATEô ITSôCLAIMSôREGARDINGôTHEôSPACEôANDôACTIVELYôCONTRIBUTEô TOôITSôCREATIONôANDôMAINTENANCE ô&URTHERMORE ôTHISôISôANô INTERACTIVEôPROCESS ôDURINGôWHICHôTHEôCOMMUNITYôANDôTHEô SPACEôTHEYôOCCUPYôEVOLVEôHANDôINôHAND ôWHILEôTHEôSPACEô BECOMESôAôDEkNINGôFACTORôOFôTHEôCOMMUNITY SôIDENTITY ôô )NôTHISôRELATIONSHIP ôTHEôCOMMUNITYôGRADUALLYôEXCEEDSôTHEô ROLEôOFôPASSIVEôCONSUMERôOFôTHEôSPACE ôBECOMINGôITSô MANAGERôANDôDEVELOPERôBECAUSEôTHEYôCONSIDERôITôTHEIRô OWN ô)NôTHISôREADING ôPUBLICôSPACEôDEVELOPMENTôMEANSôô NOTôTHEôDEVELOPMENTôOFôTHEôPHYSICALôENôVIRONMENTôANDôNOT EVENôTHATôOFôTHEôCOMMUNITY ôBUTôTHEôIMPROVEMENTôOFôô THEIRôRELATIONSHIP ô +IR¶LYô3TREET ô0¯CS 4HEôDRAMATICôDEVALUATIONôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREETôONô0¯CS Sô@PUBLICô SPACEôMARKET ôCANôBEôTRACEDôBACKôTOôTHEôSAMEôSYSTEMôô OFôRELATIONS ô!PPARENTLY ôTHEREôAREôTWOôCOMPETINGôCULTURESô OFôCOOPERATIONôONôTHEôMARKETôOFôPUBLICôSPACEôCONSUMERS ô ONôTHEôONEôHAND ôTRADITIONALôPUBLICôSPACESôCREATEDôBYôTHEô #OOPERATIONôOFôTHEôCIVILôCOMMUNITYôANDôTHEôLOCALôGOVERN ô MENTôREPRESENTINGôIT ôONôTHEôOTHERôHAND ô@PSEUDO PUBLICô SPACES ôENGENDEREDôBYôTHEôCOOPERATIONôOFôTHEôCIVILôSOCIETYô ANDôTHEôMARKET


#OMMUNITYômô#OMMUNITYô3PACE

ô )TôISôWORTHôMAKINGô AôDISTINCTIONôBETWEENô PUBLICôSPACESôFOUNDEDôONô COMMUNITYôRESOURCESôANDô

CULTURE ôSERVINGôTRADITIONALô CIVILôCOMMUNITYôFUNCTIONS ô ANDôTHOSEôFOUNDEDôONô MARKETôRESOURCESôANDô

CULTURE ôSERVINGôô ECONOMICôGOALS

)TôSEEMSôTHATôTHEôCIVILôSOCIETY SôANDôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT Sô CULTUREôOFôCO OPERATIONôHASôLIMITEDôORôNOôCAPACITYôFORô KEEPINGôPACEôWITHôTHEôCONSUMERô ôUSERô ôMANAGERôCIVIL COMMUNITY SôEMERGINGôDEMANDSôREGARDINGôTHEôONCEô WELL ESTABLISHEDôOLDôSHOPPINGôSTREET ô&IRSTôOFôALL ôTHEô LOCALôGOVERNMENT SôFORMALôCULTUREôOFôDEVELOPMENTôISô IGNORANTôOFôTHEôCOMMUNITY SôCLAIMSôEMERGINGôINôRELATIONô TOô+IR¶LYô3TREET ôANDôISôUNWILLINGôTOôINVOLVEôTHEôACTORSôINô THEôDEVELOPMENTôPROCESS ô3ECONDLY ôTHEôCIVILôSOCIETY Sô DEMANDSôORôINTERESTSôAREôDIFkCULTôTOôGRASPôONôACCOUNTô OFôTHEIRôSHORTCOMINGS INôTERMSôOFôCO OPERATIONôANDô ORGANISATION ôANDôTHEYôAREôUNABLEôTOôASSERTôTHESEôASô REALôPARTNERSôOFôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT ô.OTôONLYôDOôTHEô ORGANISATIONALôANDôINSTITUTIONALôSHORTCOMINGSôOFôTHEôô TWOôPARTIESôPOSEôAôPROBLEM ôBUTôTHEôCULTURALôCONDITIONSôô FORôCO OPERATIONôAREôALSOôINADEQUATE ô )TôALSOôAPPEARSôTHATôWHILEôMARKETôMECHANISMSôô AREôABLEôTOôMOBILISEôSTABLEôkNANCIALôANDôORGANISATIONALôô RESOURCESôFORôTHEôDEVELOPMENTôANDôMANAGEMENTôOFôô THEIRô@QUASI PUBLICôSPACES ôTHEôINFORMALôORGANISATIONSôô OFôTHEôDISSIPATEDôCOMMUNITYôOFô0¯CSôPROVIDEôONLYôAôô LIMITEDôORGANISATIONALôANDôkNANCIALôBASISôFORôAôPUBLICôô SPACEôDEVELOPMENTôPROCESS ô-OREOVER ôTHEôkNANCIALôANDô ORGANISATIONALôBASEôOFôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT SôFORMALô ORGANISATIONALôCULTUREôPROVIDESôLITTLEôSUPPORTôINôTHISôREGARD ô !SôAôRESULT ôINôTHEôCASEôOFôSEVERALôACTUALôDEVELOPMENTô PROJECTS ôTHEôCITIZENSôOFô0¯CSôDON TôCONSIDERôTHESEô TRADITIONALôCOMMUNITYôSPACESôTHEIRôOWN ôUSINGôTHEMôLESSô ANDôINôDIFFERENTôWAYSôTHANôCONCEIVEDôBYôTHEôDEVELOPMENTô PLANS ôANDôALSOôDEVOTINGôLESSôCAREôTOôTHEIRôMAINTENANCEô ANDôIMPROVEMENT ô4HEôSTRUCTURALôANDôORGANISATIONALô DISCREPANCYôTHATôHASôARISENôBETWEENôTHEôPUBLICôSPACEôô ANDôTHEôPUBLICôONôTHEôLEVELSôOFôUSE ôMANAGEMENTôANDô DEVELOPMENTôREPRODUCESôTHEôCONlICT ôWHICHôISôPERCEIVABLYô

$ERSô#SABA

MANIFESTôINôTHEôPUBLICôSPACE ô4HISôDEGRADESôTHEôCOMPETI TIVENESSôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREET ôASôWELLôASôCENTRALôPUBLICô SPACESôFULkLLINGôTRADITIONALôCOMMUNITYôFUNCTIONSôINôGENERAL ô ASôOPPOSEDôTOô@QUASI PUBLICôSPACES ôTHATôEMPLOYôMARKETô STRATEGIESôTOôPOSITIONôTHEMSELVESôMUCHôMOREôSENSITIVELYô TOôMATCHôTHEôNEEDSôOFôGROUPSôOFôSPECIkCôSOCIALôFUNCTIONS ô "OTTOM UPô ôTOP DOWNôVIEWSôOFôAôCONlICT 4HISôSPATIALôANDôCOMMUNALôDISCREPANCYôHASôAôNUMBERôô OFôINTERESTINGôAND ôINôTERMSôOFôkNDINGôAôSOLUTION ôIMPORTANTô READINGS ô%ACHôAPPROACHôENDEAVOURSôTOôREPRESENTôSOMEô KINDôOFôCONCORDANCEôOFôSPATIALôANDôCOMMUNALôPHENOMENA ô ANôINTERPRETATIONôTHATôCRYSTALLISESôAôPROPOSALôFORôAôSOLUTION ô %ACHôkGUREô INCLUDINGôTHEôONESôABOVE ôTHEREFOREôINEVITABLYô PRESUPPOSESôANôINNOVATIVEôVISUALISATIONôOFôTHEôINFORMATIONô ATôHAND ôNOTôONLYôBECAUSEôOFôTHEôSOCIAL ôECONOMICôANDô POLITICALôTENSION ôASôWELLôASôTHEôDISPARITYôOFôTHEIRôSPATIALô VIEWS ôô ô #F ô"ILLô(ILLIERô ô 3PACEôISôTHEôMACHINE ô (ILLIER SôMODELôHASôCERTAINô

LIMITATIONSôASôREGARDSôTHEô ACTUALôMAPPINGôOFôREALITY ô ASô"ILLô(ILLIERôWRITES ô@wITôISô

LIKELYôTHATôTHEôDESIGNER Sô PREDICTIONSôWILLôREFERôONLYô TOôANôILLUSORYôREALITY

BUTôALSOôOWINGôTOôTHEôCONSTANTLYôCHANGINGôPOINTôOFôVIEWô ASSUMEDôBYôINTERPRETATIONôANDôDEVELOPMENT ô)NôADDITIONôô TOôDEVELOPINGôTHEôLANGUAGEôOFôIMPARTINGôINFORMATION

THISôVISUALISATIONôPROCESSôISôAôMEANSôOFôPRODUCINGô INFORMATIONô ôKNOWLEDGE ô 4HEôVIEWPOINTSôHAVEôBEENôEXAMINEDôFROMôTWOô ASPECTS ôCOMPRISINGôTWOôDIFFERENTôMETHODOLOGICALô APPROACHES ô4HEôMACRO VIEWôINVOLVEDôAôFUNDAMENTALLYô DEDUCTIVEôWAYôOFôTHINKINGôINôEXPLORINGôTHEôSITUATIONôOFô +IR¶LYô3TREETôONôTHEôBASISôOFôTHEôFUNCTIONALôDISCREPANCIESô OFôTHEôPREVAILINGôSYSTEM ô4HEôMICRO VIEWSôINVOLVEDôANô INDUCTIVEôAPPROACH ôREGARDINGôTHEôFUNCTIONALôDISCREPANCIESô OFô+IR¶LYô3TREETôTHROUGHôTHEôPOINTôOFôVIEWôOFôTHEôACTORS ô "OTHôASPECTSôAREôINDISPENSABLEôFORôCOMPLETEôTRANSPARENCY ôô /NôTHEôONEôHAND ôBECAUSEôMACRO SCALEôMODELSôAREôBASEDô ONôTHEôCULTURALôREGULARITIESôOFôMICRO SCALEôPHENOMENA ô


#OMMUNITYômô#OMMUNITYô3PACE

-ACROô0ERSPECTIVE 4HEô3PATIO FUNCTIONALô#ONTEXTô OFôTHEô+IR¶LYô3TREET

$ERSô#SABA


#OMMUNITYômô#OMMUNITYô3PACE

$ERSô#SABA

ONôTHEôOTHERôHAND ôBECAUSEôTHESEôCULTURALôFOUNDATIONSôAREô RATHERôPLASTICôINôAôSOCIETYôUNDERôSUCHôINTENSEôTRANSFORMATIONô ASô(UNGARY ôINCLUDINGô0¯CS ôCAUSINGôAôHIGHôPROBABILITYôOFô DISTORTIONôINôTHEôCASEôOFôAôMACRO APPROACH

CURRENTôPROJECT ôPUBLICôSPACEôDEVELOPMENTSôHAVEôBEENô REALISEDôONLYôINôCONNECTIONôWITHôKEYôPROJECTS ôTOôREINFORCEô THEIRôSYNERGY ô4HEôPEDESTRIANôSHOPPINGôSTREETôSTILLôDOESN Tô CURVEôTOWARDSôTHEô+NOWLEDGEô#ENTREôANDôTHEô#ONCERTô(ALL ô ANDôACCESSôTOôTHEô:SOLNAYô#ULTURALô1UARTERôSTILLôREQUIRESô AôMAPôANDôAôGREATôDEALôOFôPERSEVERANCE ô7ITHôTHEôDENSESTô TRAFkCôINô0¯CS ô:SOLNAYô2OADôBISECTSôRATHERôTHANôCONNECTSô THEôCITYôCENTRE

ô -ACRO ô+IR¶LYô3TREETôINôTHEôSPATIAL FUNCTIONALôô ô SYSTEMôOFôTHEôTEXTUREôOFôTHEôCITY 3INCEôTHEôPOLITICALôTRANSITIONôINô ôTHEô@PUBLICôSPACEô MARKET ôHASôUNDERGONEôCONSIDERABLEôTRANSFORMATIONôô ASôREGARDSô+IR¶LYô3TREET ô4HEôkRSTôSIGNIkCANTôEVENTôINôTHISô TRANSFORMATIONôWASôTHEôAPPEARANCEôOFôTHEô@QUASI PUBLICô SPACE ôOFôTHEôÓ2+Ó$ôSHOPPINGôCENTREôINô ôINôTHEô IMMEDIATEôVICINITYôOFôTHEôHISTORICôCITYôCENTRE ô%XPLOITINGôô THEôADVANTAGEôANDôSUPERIORITYôOFôTHEôCOMMERCIALôô @QUASI PUBLICôSPACE ôASôWELLôASôTHEôWEAKôPOINTSôOFôTHEô SHOPPINGôSTREETô LACKôOFôPARKING ôPUBLICôTRANSPORTôANDô MANAGEMENT ôSEASONALITY ôITôFORCEDô0¯CS SôONCEôLUSTROUSô BUTôNOWôLANGUIDôSHOPPINGôSTREETôINTOôAôCOMPETITIVEô DISADVANTAGE ô4HEôCOUPôDEôGRµCEôTOôTHEôSTREET SôCOMMERCIALô FUNCTIONôWASôTHEôERRATICôINTRODUCTIONôOFôPARKINGôFEESôANDô THEôLAGGINGôPUBLICôSPACEôDEVELOPMENTôPROJECTS ôIGNORANTô OFôTHEôEVERYDAYôFUNCTIONINGôOFôTHEôCITY ô !ôTHEORETICALôOPPORTUNITYôFORôBREAKOUTôWOULDôHAVEô BEENôTOôINTERLINKôTHEôNEWôDEVELOPMENTôZONESôOFôTHEô #APITALôOFô#ULTUREô %## ôPROJECT ôTHEôCITYôCENTREôANDôTHEô WESTERNôCAMPUSôOFôTHEôUNIVERSITYôINTOôAôUNIkEDôSPATIALô SYSTEM ô4HEôFUNCTIONSôOFôTHEô%##ôPROJECTSôINVOLVINGôTHEô CITYôCENTREôANDôTHEôUNIVERSITYôCOULDôBEôORGANISEDôINTOôô AôSYNERGICôSYSTEMôLINKINGôANDôCOMPLEMENTINGôTHEôTHREEô ZONESôBYôRELATIVELYôSIMPLEôMEANS ô)NôTHISôRELATION ôBESIDESô THEô-ARTYRSôOFô!RADô2OADôCIRCUMVENTINGôTHEôHISTORICôCITYô CENTREôTOôTHEôNORTHôANDôTHEô:SOLNAY 2¶K¥CZIô3TREETSôô TOôTHEôSOUTH ôAôSIGNIkCANTôROLEôWOULDôBEôIMPARTEDôONôô +IR¶LYô3TREET ôTHEôMAINôEAST WESTôAXISôOFôTHEôCITYôCENTRE ô 4HISôWOULDôHAVEôCOMEôINôHANDYôINôGIVINGôIMPETUSôTOôô THEôEASTERNôENDôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREET ôWHICHôNOWôGRADUALLYôDIESô AWAYôAFTERôLOSINGôINTEGRITYôTOWARDSô7HEATô3QUARE ôô 4HIS ôHOWEVER ôHASôONLYôSPORADICALLYôBEENôACHIEVEDôBYôTHEô

ô -ICRO ô+IR¶LYô3TREETôONôTHEôMENTALôMAPô ô OFôPUBLICôSPACEôUSERS 4HISôANALYTICALôAPPROACHôHASôFOCUSEDôONôTHEôGROUPSôOFôô ACTORSôFORôWHOMô+IR¶LYô3TREETôWASôOFôCONCERN ôWITHôSPECIALô REGARDôTOôHOWôTHESEôINDIVIDUALSôSAWôTHEôSITUATIONôANDô PROBLEMSôOFôTHEôDETERIORATINGôSTREET ôASôWELLôASôITSôCAUSES ô)TôEXPLOREDôTHEôSERVICESôOFFEREDôBYôTHEôSTREETôTOôEACHôô OFôTHESEôACTORS ôANDôWHATôTHEYôWEREôMISSING ôALSOôHOWôô ANDôTOôWHATôEXTENTôTHEYôEXPLOITEDôTHEôPHYSICALôANDô FUNCTIONALôCAPACITIESôOFôTHEôSTREET ô7EôHOPEDôTHATôCERTAINô FACTSôANDôASPECTSôWHICHôWEôCONSIDEREDôEVIDENTômôANDô WHICHôPROVIDEDôTHEôPREMISESôOFôMACRO SCALEôSTATEMENTSômô WOULDôBEôENRICHED ôCONkRMED ôSLIGHTLYôADJUSTED ôORôEVENô REFUTEDôBYôTHEôVIEWPOINTSôOFôTHEôSPECIkCôPLAYERS ô )NôTHISôCASE ôAôMENTALôMAPôCANôDOôMOREôTHANô VISUALISEôAôCOMMUNITY SôAPPREHENSIONôOFôAôPHYSICALôSPACEô ANDôITSôUSAGEôPATTERNS ôTHROUGHôTHEôLATTER ôITôALSOôINDICATESô THEôLEVELôOFôSUCCESSôOFôTHEôCO OPERATIONôBETWEENôTHEô CIVILSôANDôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTôREGARDINGôTHEô+IR¶LYô3TREETô AREA ô2ESPONDINGôCONSUMERSôMARKôPLACESôOFôINTERESTô ONôTHEôMAPôINôTERMSôOFôSPATIALôUSEôANDôFUNCTIONALITY ô THEôkGUREôACCURATELYôINDICATESôTHEôDISCREPANCIESôOFôTHEô AFOREMENTIONEDôCO OPERATION ô 4HEôMAPSôLEADôUSôTOôCONCLUDEôTHATôPRESENTLYô+IR¶LYô 3TREETôFUNCTIONSôASôAôCUL DE SACôRATHERôTHANôAôSTREETôINô THEôCLASSICALôSENSE ô)TôISôDIFkCULTôTOôPREDICTôTODAYôHOWôTHISô SITUATIONôWILLôBEôINlUENCEDôBYôTHEôSCHEDULEDôPUBLICôSPACEô DEVELOPMENTSôANDôTHEôNEWô@CULTURALôQUARTER ôINTENDEDôASô ANôEASTERNôEXPANSIONôOFôTHEôCITYôCENTRE


0¯TERô,OWAS

!LTERNATIVESôOFô!CTIVEô,IFEôô INôTHEô#ITYôOFô0¯CS 4HEôTITLEô%UROPEANô#APITALôOFô#ULTUREôRAISESôAôNUMBERô OFôQUESTIONS ô.AMELY ôHOWôISôITôPOSSIBLEôTOôAVOIDôTHEô @CAPITALôOFôCULTURE ôBECOMINGôAôMEREô@PROJECTIONôSURFACE ô WHEREôCULTURALôROLESôANDôPRODUCTSôAREôREPRESENTEDôINô EXTRAORDINARYôMAGNITUDE ôTOôWHATôEXTENTôTHEôLIFESTYLEôOFôô THEôRESIDENTSôISôAFFECTED ôHOWôMUCHôROOMôISôGIVENôFORôô THEôCOMMUNITYômôTHEôPOPULATIONômôTHATôFORMSôTHEôSTRUCTUREô ANDôCOHESIVEôFORCEôOFôTHEôCITY ôTOôPARTICIPATEôINôTHEô PROCESS ôWHATôDEMOCRATICôPOTENTIALSôAREôINVOKEDôBYôITSô PRESENCEôANDôPOSSIBLEôPARTICIPATION ô 0¯CSôISô%UROPEANô#APITALôOFô#ULTUREôINô ô 4HEôCITY SôORIGINALô@CAPITALôOFôCULTUREôPROGRAMME ôWASôAô GRASSROOTSôINITIATIVE ôTHEôLOCALôINTELLIGENTSIAôANDôACTIVISTSô ABLEôTOôKEEPôTRACKôOFôITSôDEVELOPMENT ôWITHôMOSTôOFôITS IDEASôBASEDôONôTHEIRôCONCEPTIONSôANDôCLAIMS ô ô 4HEôPROJECTôWOULDôHAVEôDEVELOPEDôANôALREADYô EXISTINGôCIVILôINFRASTRUCTUREôFURTHERôBYôINVOLVINGôEXISTINGô DOMESTICôANDôINTERNATIONALôRELATIONSôWHILEôADMINISTERINGô NOôCONSIDERABLEôCHANGEôTOôTHEôCITYSCAPE ô4HEôORIGINALô PROGRAMMEôWASôMODIkEDôCONSIDERABLYôINôTHEôYEARSô FOLLOWINGôTHEôCONCEPTIONôOFôTHEôPROJECT ôSHIFTINGôITSôFOCUS ô UNDERôTHEôCONTROLôOFôTHEô%##ôOFkCEôESTABLISHEDôINô ôTHEôALTERATIONôOFôTHEôCITYSCAPEôHASôPLAYEDôAôMUCHô GREATERôROLE ô"Yô ôTHEôCITYôHASôBECOMEôONEôENORMOUSô ARCHITECTURALôPERFORMANCE ôRECEIVINGôAôSTREAMôOFôô TOURISTSôWITHôTHEôSPECTACLEôOFôGRANDIOSEôCONSTRUCTIONS "EYONDôTHEôOFkCIALôPROGRAMMESôOFFEREDôBYôTHEôCITY ô THEôIMPACTôOFôTHEô%##ôISôALSOôCONSIDERABLEôINôTHEôSELF ORGANISEDôALTERNATIVEôCULTURALôSCENE ôIFôNOTôDEVOIDôOFô CONTRADICTIONS ô&ORôTHESEôORGANISATIONSôANDôALTERNATIVEô MODESôOFôUSINGôPUBLICôSPACE ôWHICHôHAVEôBEENôPRESENTô


!LTERNATIVESôOFô!CTIVEô,IFEôINôTHEô#ITYôOFô0¯CS

0¯TERô,OWAS

YEARSôBEFOREôTHEô%## ôCHANGEôLIESôINôANôACTIVEôANDô CREATIVEôLIFE ô7HILEôEXISTINGôINDEPENDENTLY ôTHEôô CIVILSôANDôACTIVISTSôOFô0¯CS ôASôWELLôASôITSô@UNDERGROUND ô ARTôANDôMUSICôSCENE ôHAVEôFOSTEREDôEVERôMOREôDIVERSEô INTERNATIONALôRELATIONS ô4HEYôORGANISEôWORKSHOPSôANDô FESTIVALS ôMAKEôATTEMPTSôATôkLLINGôTHEôGAPSôOFôTHEô ALTERNATIVEôMARKETô CHEAPôBICYCLEôREPAIRôSHOP ôYOUTHô HOSTEL ôATELIERS ôINVOLVINGôTHEôUNDERPRIVILEGED ôINDEPENDENTô RADIOôCHANNELS ôETC ôWITHôTHEIRôCRAFTIVISTôAPPROACH ôô 4HEôBENEkCIARIESô ASôOPPOSEDôTOôCONSUMERS ôOFôTHESEô EVENTSôANDôCULTURALôPRODUCTSôAREôPRIMARILYôYOUNGôPEOPLE ô ANDôANYONEôWHOôISôRECEPTIVE ô4HEôFEASIBILITYôOFôTHEô SYSTEMôISôGUARANTEEDôBYôTHEôUNLIMITEDôHUMANôRESOURCESô UNIVERSITYôSTUDENTS ôCREATIVEôINTELLECTUALS ôETC ôITSô COMPLETEôFREEDOMôFROMôPOLITICS ôANDôITSôOPENôSTRUCTURE ô 4HISô@GRASSROOTS ôACTIVITYôDOESôNOTôCONCENTRATEôEXCLUSIVELYô ONôTHEôCITYôCENTRE ôREWRITINGôTHEôCULTURALôTOPOGRAPHYôô OFôTHEôCITY ôITôTEMPORARILYôRESORTSôTOôUNUSEDôSPACESôONô THEôPERIPHERIES ôGIVINGôRISEôTOôTHEôEMERGENTôCITYôTHROUGHô MICRO FESTIVALSôANDôCOMMUNALôWORKSHOPSôINVOLVINGô RESIDENTS ôAôCITYôWHEREôTHEôINTERMINGLINGôOFôVARIOUSô SUBCULTURESôHASôAôMUTUALLYôCATALYSINGôFORCE ô !CCORDINGôTOôTHEôCITY SôCAPITALôOFôCULTUREôCONCEPT ô THEôPROPELLINGôFORCEôOFôDEVELOPMENTôISôINFRASTRUCTURE ô REALôESTATEôANDôCITYôIMAGE ôTHEôCIVILS ôINôCONTRAST ôSEEôTHISô INôCOMMUNITIES ôGROUPSôANDôINDIVIDUALS ôBASEDôONôTHEô IDEAôTHATôTHEôAôCITYôISôESSENTIALLYôDEkNEDôBYôITSôRESIDENTS ô $ECENTRALISEDôANDôUTTERLYôNON BUREAUCRATICôPRACTICESôCANô RAPIDLYôADAPTôTOôNEWôCIRCUMSTANCESôANDôCANôBEôREVIVEDôô INôDIFFERENTôLOCATIONSôANDôCONTEXTS ô/NôTHEôFOLLOWINGôPAGES ô )ôWILLôDISCUSSôTHESEôCULTURALôPRACTICESôANDôCIVILôINITIATIVES ô !PPROACHô!RTô!SSOCIATIONôISôAôGROUPôOFôARTô PROFESSIONALSôWHOSEôFOCUSôISôORGANISINGôEXHIBITIONSôOFô CONTEMPORARYôARTôMAINLYôOUTSIDEôCONVENTIONALôEXHIBITIONô SPACES ôINôINDUSTRIALôCOMPOUNDSô :SOLNAYô0ORCELAINô 7ORKS ôTEMPORARILYôCLOSEDôCINEMASô !POLLOô#INEMA ô THEô46ô4OWERôONô-ECSEKô(ILL ôASôWELLôASôSENSITIVEôAREASô INôTHEôCITY ô4HEIRô ôSERIESôOFôPROGRAMMES ô4EMPORARYô

#ITY SôBASICôIDEAôWASôPROVIDEDôBYôTHEôVACANTôSHOPSôONô +IR¶LYô3TREETô +INGô3TREET ôWHICHôWEREôTRANSFORMEDôINTOô EXHIBITIONôSPACESôFORôTWOôWEEKS ôOCCUPIEDôBYôVARIOUSô INTERNATIONALôARTISTSôANDôPROJECTS ô4HEôPLACEMENTôOFôARTôINô SPACESôOUTôOFôTHEôORDINARYô MUSEUM ôGALLERY ôTOGETHERô WITHôTHEôSTREETôPERFORMANCES ôBROUGHTôTHEôABSTRACTôANDô ALIENATEDôNOTIONôOFôARTôCLOSERôTOôTHEôPEOPLE ôENCOURAGINGô THEMôTOôINTERACT ô0ROGRAMMESôOFôINSTITUTIONALôCULTUREô AREôRARELYôCAPABLEôOFôTHIS ôSINCEôTHEYôEITHERôDELEGATEôTHEô MANIFESTATIONSôOFôARTôINTOôTHEôSPHEREôOFôLEISURE ôORôFAILô TOôCARRYôANYôMEANINGôFORôTHOSEôOUTSIDEôAôNARROWôELITE ô 4HEôPROJECTSôOFô!PPROACHô!RTô!SSOCIATIONôRESORTôTOôTHEô METHODSôOFôPUBLICôORôURBANôARTôTOôEFFECTIVELYôCONFRONTôô THEôCITIZENSôWITHôTHEôMEANINGôOFôARTôANDôCONTEMPORARYô CULTUREôTODAY ô4HEô4EMPORARYô#ITYôACTION ôHOWEVER ôô ALSOôRAISEDôURBANISTICôISSUESôINôADDITIONôTOôARTISTICôONES ô HOWôISôITôPOSSIBLEôTHATôTHEôMAINôSTREETôOFôAôCITYô CAPITALô OFôCULTURE ôINôFACT ôHOSTSôAôNUMBERôOFôVACANTôSHOPS ô WHILEôITSôCULTURALôPLAYERSôAREôCONSTANTLYôLOOKINGôFORô PLACESôTOôOCCUPY ôANDôEXISTôINôCONSTANTôFEARôOFôLOSINGô THEIRôHEADQUARTERS ôSITES ôGALLERIES ô$RAWINGôONôTHEô OPPORTUNITIESôOPENEDôUPôBYôREALôESTATEôTHATôHADô@FREEDô UP ôOWINGôTOôTHEôECONOMICôCRISISôANDôHADôTHUSôBECOMEô ACCESSIBLE ôTHEôPROJECTSôOFô!PPROACH ôEXPLOITINGôTHEIRô CAPACITYôFORôTHEôINNOVATIVEôANDôSPONTANEOUSôUSEôOFôSPACE ô LAIDôTHEôFOUNDATIONSôOFôANôALTERNATIVEôURBANôPOLICY ô 4HEôOBJECTIVEôOFô-ARKETô0LATFORM ôYETôANOTHERô INITIATIVE ôWASôTOôHIGHLIGHTôTHEôSIGNIkCANCEôOFôTHEôô LASTôMARKETPLACEôINôTHEôCITYôCENTRE ô4HEôORGANISERSôô ASKEDôSOCIOLOGISTSôANDôARTISTSôTOôRElECTôONôTHEôSITUATION ô 4HEôCOMMONôENDôBROUGHTôDIFFERENTôSOCIALôGROUPSôô TOGETHER ôTHEôMERCHANTSôTHEMSELVES ôWHOSEôSOLEôREMAININGô OPTIONôTOôDEFENDôTHEIRôPOSITIONôWASôANôARTISTICôSCENARIOôô CF ôDIRECTôDEMOCRACY ôTOOKôPARTôINôAôNUMBERôOFôPROJECTSô UNTILôTHEôMARKETôWASôSHUTôDOWNôFORôGOOD ô #ULTô3TREETô &RANCISCANô3TREET ôWASôBROUGHTôTOôLIFEô THROUGHôAôCOLLABORATIONôOFôSHOPKEEPERSôANDôCITIZENS ôô 7ITHôMUSICôANDôEXHIBITIONS ôTHEôSHOPKEEPERSôCREATEDôô


!LTERNATIVESôOFô!CTIVEô,IFEôINôTHEô#ITYôOFô0¯CS

AôSORTôOFôSTREETôPARADEôATMOSPHERE ôFROMôWHICHôTHEIRôSALESô ALSOôBENEkT ô4HEôEVENTôISôQUITEôPOPULAR ôASôCONSUMERSôLIKEô TOôBEôENTERTAINEDôWHILEôSPENDINGôTHEIRôMONEY ôLISTENINGôTOô LIVEôMUSICôWHILEôBUYINGôBOOKS ô7EôALSOôHAVEôTOôDEVOTEôô AôWORDôTOôTHEô#ULTUREô,ABô#OOPERATIVE ôWHICHôWASôCREATEDô BYôCIVILôORGANISATIONSôAROUNDôTHEôCITYôASôANôORGANISATIONô FORôTHEôPROTECTIONôOFôTHEIRôINTERESTS ô4HEôGROUPôMAINTAINEDô ANôEXPERIMENTALôCULTURALôSPACEôONôTHEôBORDERôOFôCITYôCENTREô ANDôPERIPHERYôFORôTWOôYEARS ôACCOMMODATING ôAMONGô OTHERS ôNON POPULARôGENRESôOFôMUSICôANDôART ô(AVINGôLOSTô THEôINDUSTRIALôBUILDINGôTHATôHOUSEDôTHESEôEXPERIMENTSô ASôITôWASôTAKENôOVERôBYôTHEôCITY Sô%##ôPROJECT ô#ULTUREô ,ABôNOWôRENTSôSEVERALôSPACESôONô+IR¶LYô3TREET ôWHICHôTHEYô RENOVATEôFROMôGRANTSôFUNDING ôASôWELLôASôTHEIRôOWNôMEANS ô /NEôOFôTHESEôSPACESôISôTHEIRô@HEADQUARTERS ôWITHôOFkCES ô SLEEPINGôQUARTERS ôAôKITCHENôANDôATELIERS ôANOTHERôONEôISô ANôALTERNATIVEôBICYCLEôREPAIRôSHOPô 6ELOSOPHIEôBIKEôKITCHEN ô ANDôTHEYôALSOôPLANôTOôSTARTôAôYOUTHôHOSTEL ô4HEô,AB Sô SIGNIkCANCEôINôTHEôCITY SôCULTUREôISôESSENTIAL ôTHEYôHAVEô ORGANISEDôSEVERALôSTREETôFESTIVALSôANDôPROGRAMMESô INVOLVINGôRESIDENTS ôFOCUSINGôTHEIRôEVENTSôONôTHEôGOALôOFô CALLINGôATTENTIONôTOôTHEôOPPORTUNITIESôTHATôLIEôINôTHEôUNUSEDô SPACESôAROUNDôTHEôCITY ô4HISôKINDôOFô@SOFTôURBANISM ôTHEô @REHABILITATION ôOFôPUBLICôSPACEôANDôUNUSEDôREALôESTATEô VIAôCOMMUNALôUSE ôISôAôREALISTICôALTERNATIVEôTOôMEGAô INVESTMENTSôTHATôAREôTHEMSELVESôDESTINEDôTOôFAILôWITHOUTô THEôSUPPORTôOFôTHEôCITIZENSôANDôINôWANTôOFôAôPROGRAMMEô THATôISôINôHARMONYôWITHôTHEôARCHITECTURALôDESIGNS ô 4HEô,AB SôLATESTôPROGRAMMEôTOOKôPLACEôINôAôLONGô ABANDONEDôMINE SHAFT ô+R¯TAK¢Rô-AYFESTôCOULDôBEô REALISEDôBECAUSEôTHEôRENOWNEDôTHEATREôDIRECTORôÓRP¶Dô 3CHILLING ôALSOôPARTICIPATINGôINôTHEôPROGRAMME ôCREATEDô AôPERFORMANCEôBASEDôONôTHEôPROGRAMMEôPROPOSALSô SUBMITTEDôBYôTHEôCIVILSôOFô0¯CSôINôTHEôEARLYôSTAGESôô OFôTHEôPROJECT ô)NôTHEôCOURSEôOFôAôLONGôANDôINTENSEô COOPERATION ô+R¯TAK¢Rô THEATREôCOMPANYô#HALKô#IRCLE ôô ANDôTHEô,ABôPUTôTOGETHERôANôEVENTôFROMôTHESEôTHATôô WOULDôINVOLVEôDIFFERENTôLOCALôSOCIALôGROUPS ôASôWELLôASô

0¯TERô,OWAS

STUDENTôAGEôGROUPS ô-EANWHILE ôTHEôSPECTATORSôWEREôALSOô OFFEREDôTHEôOPPORTUNITYôTOôPARTICIPATE ôANDôTHEôENTIREôEVENT ôô INôTERMSôOFôINFRASTRUCTUREôANDôLOGISTICS ôRELIEDôONôCREATIVEô CIVILôGROUPS ô 7ITHô#OLLEGIUMô5TOPIUM ô+R¯TAK¢RôAPPEAREDôINôô THEôCITYôMOREôASôAôCATALYSTôTHANôAôTHEATREôGROUP ôFOSTERINGô LOCALôINITIATIVES ô$ESPITEôITSôkNANCIALôFRAGILITYôANDôUNPRE DICTABILITY ôTHEREôAREôAôNUMBERôOFôLESSONSôINHERENTôINô THISôLOGIC ôEXPLOITINGôTHEôPOTENTIALSôOFôTHEôCITY ôBUILDINGô ONôEXISTINGôCAPACITIESôANDôNEEDSôCOULDôBEôINFORMATIVEô FORôLARGERôINSTITUTIONSôANDôPROGRAMMES ôWHICHôAREôOFTENô UNABLEôTOôREPRESENTôSUBCULTURES ôTHEôVISIBILITYôANDôô ACTIVEôREPRESENTATIONôOFôWHICHôISôESSENTIALôTOôDEMOCRATICô URBANôCULTURE


%MOKEô+EREKESô ô!NNAô-¥ZES

6ENDORS ôPORTRAITS ôô +IR¶LYô3TREET ô"UDAPEST


6ENDORS ôPORTRAITS ô+IR¶LYôSTREET

"¯LAô+¶LI

#ULS DE SACôOFô4RANSFORMATION ô 4HEôFATEôOFôHISTORICô NEIGHBOURHOODSôAFTERô PRIVATISATION

7HILEôSURVEYSôGENERALLYô FOCUSôONôTHEôRESIDENTSô OFôAôPARTICULARôAREA ôWEô OFTENôHAVEôNOôINFORMATIONô ABOUTôTHEôPEOPLEôWHOô WORKôTHERE ô(OWEVER ô THESEôAREôTHEôPEOPLEô WHOôAFFECTôTHEôCHARACTERô OFôAôNEIGHBOURHOODôTHEô MOST ô%MOKEô+EREKESô ANDô!NNAô-¥ZES ôINôTHEIRô SERIESôOFôPORTRAITSôTAKENô OFôSHOPKEEPERSôINô+IR¶LYô 3TREET ôREVEALôTHEôGREATô VARIETYôOFôRETAILôTYPESô

INôTHEôNEIGHBOURHOODô ANDôTHEôHETEROGENEITYô OFôTHEIRôVENDORS ô4HISô HETEROGENEITYôSUGGESTSô AôVARIETYôOFôSHOPPERSô WHOôFREQUENTôTHEôSTREET ô THEYôAREôALL ôFROMôANOTHERô VIEWPOINT ôAGENTSôOFô VARIOUSôUSESôOFôTHEôCITY ô ANDôCONSEQUENTLY ôOFFERô CONTRASTINGôVISIONSôFORôTHEô STREET ô)NôTHESEôIMAGES ô EACHôVENDORôORôEMPLOYEEô APPEARSôINôAôFRONTALô PERSPECTIVE ôUSUALLYôGAZINGô

INTOôTHEôPHOTOGRAPHER Sô LENS ôTHEôGROCERY ôTEXTILEô OUTLET ôHARDWAREôSTORE ô BOUTIQUE ôVEGETABLEôSTALL ô CARPETôSHOP ôPHARMACY ô HAIRDRESSER ôRESTAURANT ô BAR ôDESIGNôSTORE ôARTô GALLERY ôlOWERôSHOP ô ANDôCONFECTIONARYôAREô REVEALEDôBEHINDôTHEMô ASôANôACCUMULATIONôOFô THEôPARAPHERNALIAôOFôAô PROFESSION ô

4HEôINNERô%RZS¯BETV¶ROSô %LIZABETHTOWN ôINô"UDAPESTôFELLô VICTIMôTOôTHEôMERCHANTôSPIRITôALREADYôUPONôITSôFORMATIONôINô THEôLATEô THôCENTURY ô!ôRATHERôDENSEôURBANôSTRUCTUREôWASô FORMEDôALREADYôTHENômôWITHôALLôLOTSôCOVEREDôFROMôONEôENDô TOôTHEôOTHERômôLEAVINGôVERYôLITTLEôPUBLICôSPACE ô7ITHôTHEô EXCEPTIONôOFô+LAUZ¶Lô3QUARE ôTHEREôAREôNOôGREENôAREASôORô PARKSôINôTHEôINNER ôDENSELYôPOPULATEDôQUARTERSôOFô$ISTRICTSô 6)ôANDô6)) ô!LTHOUGHôSUCHôSPACESôWERE ôINôFACT ôINCLUDEDô INôTHEôURBANôPLANNING ôTHEôCITYôSOLDôTHEMôTOôINVESTORS ôANDô THEYôHAVEôBEENôBUILTôOVER ô4HESEôSTRONGLYôPROkT ORIENTEDô DEVELOPMENTSôOFôTHEôLATEô THôCENTURYôAREôUSUALLYôREFERREDô TOôASôTHEôkRSTôLARGE SCALEôREALôESTATEôSPECULATIONS ôô 4HEôUNPRECEDENTEDôGROWTHôATôTHEôTIMEôPROVIDEDôAôFERTILEô GROUNDôFORôTHESEôINôALLôRESPECTS ô )TôWASôAFTERôTHEôJOININGôOFôPREVIOUSLYôSEPARATEôDISTRICTSô INô ôTHATô"UDAPESTôBECAMEôAôCAPITALômôLACKINGôTHEô NECESSARYôBASICôINSTITUTIONSôANDôPUBLICôFACILITIES ôASôMOSTôô OFôTHESEôHADôBEENôOPERATINGôINô6IENNAôANDô"RATISLAVA ô 0ARLIAMENT ôPUBLICôADMINISTRATION ôUNIVERSITIES ôSCHOOLS ô HOSPITALSômôALLôOFôTHESEôHADôTOôBEôBUILTôFROMôSCRATCH ôASô WELLôASôTHEôRESIDENTIALôBUILDINGSôTHATôWOULDôACCOMMODATEô THEôMASSESôWORKINGôTOôBUILDôAôMETROPOLITANôCAPITALôFROMôTHEô MEDIUM SIZEôCITYôOFôAôPOPULATIONôOFô ô)TôWASôAôSELF ô GENERATINGôPROCESS ôASôITôCOINCIDEDôWITHôTHEôDAWNôOFô INDUSTRIALISATIONôINô(UNGARY ô)NDUSTRIALôDEVELOPMENT ôANDô THEôCONCENTRATIONôOFôLABOURôFORCEôITôREQUIRED ôHADôMADEôTHEô BUILDINGôOFôNEWôNEIGHBOURHOODSôNECESSARY ôWHICHôITSELFô


#ULS DE SACôOFô4RANSFORMATION

"¯LAô+¶LI

PROVIDEDôHUNDREDSôOFôTHOUSANDSôWITHôWORKôFORôDECADESôô TOôCOME ô -OSTôOFôTHEôBUILDINGSôERECTEDôINôTHISôPERIODôAREôSTILLô STANDING ôEXCEPTôFORôTHOSEôTHATôHAVEôFALLENôVICTIMôTOô7ORLDô 7ARô))ôANDôRECENTôREALôESTATEôSPECULATIONS ô/FôCOURSE ôTHEYô HAVEôBEENôRUNôDOWNôBYôSIXTYôYEARSôOFôNEGLIGENCEôANDôANô ALMOSTôCOMPLETEôLACKôOFôMAINTENANCE ôBUTôTHEYôWILLôSTILLô STANDôFORôLONGERôTHANôTHEôARCHITECTURALôPRODUCTSôOFôTHEôPASTô ôORô ôYEARS ô4HISôISôMAINLYôDUEôTOôTHEôFAVOURABLEô CONDITIONSôATôTHEôTIMEôOFôTHEIRôCONSTRUCTION ôTHEôHIGHôQUALITYô OFôMATERIALS ôTHEôPROFESSIONALôEXPERTISE ôANDôTHEôHANDICRAFTô TRADITIONS ô4HESEôBUILDINGSôWEREôSTATEôOFôTHEôARTôINôTHEIRô AGE ôANDôWEREôDESIGNEDôWITHôCONSIDERABLEôRESERVESô STRUCTURALLYôANDôSTATICALLY ô4HEIRôLOAD BEARINGôWALLSôWEREô MADEôFROMôHIGH QUALITYôkREDôBRICKSômôTRUE ôINITIALLYôMIXEDô WITHôCARVEDôLIMESTONE ôWHICHôHASôLESSôLOAD BEARINGô CAPACITY ô)FôTHESEôSTRUCTURESôHAVEôNOTôBEENôWEAKENEDôô BYôLATERôIN EXPERTôRECONSTRUCTIONSôANDôRENOVATIONS ôô THEYôCANôSERVEôASôAôGOODôBASISôFORôAômôPERHAPSôEVENôCITY WIDEômôREALôESTATEôDEVELOPMENTôPROJECT ô 4HEôRESIDENTIALôHOUSESôCOMPRISINGôMOREôTHANôô ôlATSôINô"UDAPESTôHAVEôESSENTIALôSOCIALôSIGNIkCANCE ô ASôWELL ôTHEYôWEREôDESIGNEDôBYôANôARCHITECTURALôPRO ô GRAMMEôTHATôALLOWEDôTHEôMINGLINGôOFôDIFFERENTôSOCIALô GROUPS ô4HEôSTREETôFRONTôHOUSEDôLARGEôlATSôWITHôAôSTREETô VIEW ôINHABITEDôBYôWEALTHYôORôBOURGEOISôFAMILIES ôô 4HEôSMALLôlATSôINôTHEôSIDEôANDôBACKôTRACTSôLACKEDôFACILITIESô ANDôOPENEDôONTOôTHEôCOURTYARD ô4HISôISôWHEREôTHEôLESSô WEALTHY ôTHEôPOOR ôANDôTHEôWORKERSôLIVED ô'ROUND lOORô SHOPSôALONGôTHEôMAINôROUTESômôSUCHôASô+IR¶LYô3TREETômôô WEREôOCCUPIEDôBYôMERCHANTS ôTHEôONESôINôTHEôCOURTYARDSô BYôARTISANS ô#ERTAINôBLOCKSôHOUSEDôBIGGERôMANUFACTORIESô WHEREôINDUSTRIALôPRODUCTIONôTOOKôPLACE ô4HEôTENEMENTô MODELôCOMPRISEDôAôDIVERSEôPALETTEôOFôINTERDEPENDENTô SOCIALôSTRATA ôGROUPSôANDôPROFESSIONS ôENCOMPASSINGô ENTIREôQUARTERS ô !LLôTHISôCHANGEDôWITHôONEôSTROKEôWHENôALLôPRIVATEô PROPERTYôWASôNATIONALISEDôINô ô4HISôNOTôONLYôMEANTôô

THEôDISAPPEARANCEôOFôTHEôBOURGEOISIE ôWEALTHYôFAMILIESô WEREôDEPORTED ôTHEIRôVALUABLESôSEIZED ôTHEIRôlATSôDIVIDEDô INTOôSMALLERôONESôTOôSATISFYôTHEôRENEWEDôHOUSINGôDEMAND ô 4HEôPOST WARôPOLITICALôELITEôDISCONTINUEDôTHEôPREVIOUSô REGIME SôPRACTICEôOFôINVESTINGôCAPITALôINTOôERECTINGôNEWô HOUSESôANDôENTIREôQUARTERSôFORôTHEôLABOURôFORCEôSWARMINGô TOô"UDAPESTôFROMôTHEôPROVINCESôASôAôRESULTôOFôCENTRALISATION ô 4HEYôSOLVEDôTHEôPROBLEMôWITHôTHEIRôOWNômôSIMPLEôANDôFASTô môMEANS ôBREAKINGôUPôMOSTôOFôTHEôEXISTINGôlATS ô!TôTHEô SAMEôTIME ôMERCHANTôSTREETS ôSHOPS ôBOUTIQUESôANDô MANUFACTORIESôDISAPPEARED ô)TôTOOKôDECADESôFORôTHEôCITYô TOôRECOVERôANDôTOôREDISCOVERôITSôURBANôSCENEôANDôSPACES ô BUTôBYôTHATôTIME ôTHEôCONSTRUCTIONôOFôHOUSINGôPROJECTSôHADô STARTED ôASôYETôANOTHERôCONTRIBUTIONôTOôDE URBANISATION ô 4HEôREGIME SôPOOLôOFôDEVICESôWASôNOTôEXHAUSTEDôBYô ELIMINATINGôTHEôFUNDAMENTôOFôDOWNTOWNôLIFEômôTHEô BOURGEOISIE ô3INCEôTHEôNATIONALISEDôHOUSESôHADôSTARTEDô TOôWEARôDOWNôFORôWANTôOFôMAINTENANCE ôTHEôPOLITICALô LEADERSHIPôRESETTLEDôALREADYôPOORô2OMANYôFAMILIESôINTOô PARTSôOFôTHEôCITYôCENTREôTHUSôLEFTôTOôERODEômô$ISTRICTSô6) ô 6)) ô6)))ôANDô)8 ô4HISôDECISIONôISôAôPERFECTôEXAMPLEôOFôTHEô RULINGôPOWER SôCYNICISM ôNEITHERôTHEô2OMANY ôNORôTHEô DETERIORATINGôBUILDINGSôBENEkTEDôFROMôTHEôRESETTLEMENT ô 4HEôTASKôOFôPRESERVINGôTHEôPHYSICALôCONDITIONôOFôTHEô CENTRALôDISTRICTSôREMAINEDôUNACCOMPLISHED ô !SôOFôTHEô S ôEVERYTHINGôWASôREASSESSEDôONCEô MOREôAMIDSTôTHEôSUDDENôEMERGENCEôOFôTHEôMARKET ô 0REVIOUSLYôNATIONALôPROPERTIESôWEREôPASSEDôONôTOôTHEôLOCALô GOVERNMENTS ôEACHôOFôWHICHôCOULDôDECIDEôFREELYôONôTHEIRô FATE ô4HEôMAJORITYôOFôREALôESTATEôWASôSOLDôBYôTHEôDISTRICTSô TOôTHEIRôRESIDENTS ô)NôVIEWôOFôTHEôCOMPARATIVEôSTATISTICALô ANALYSIS ôITôAPPEARSôASôTHOUGHôTHEô(UNGARIANôFAMILIESôHADô ALLôATôONCEôTURNEDôWEALTHYôOVERNIGHT ôTHEôPRIVATEôPROPERTYô PERôCAPITAôISôNOWôAôLOTôHIGHERôTHANôINôMOSTôOTHERô%UROPEANô COUNTRIES ô)NôFACT ôTHEôASSETSôWEREôSIMPLYôREORGANISED ôô THEôCOUNTRYôDIDôNOTôGAINôWEALTH ô 4HEôFACTôTHATôTHEôTENANTSôHADôBECOMEôOWNERSô DIDôLITTLEôTOôIMPROVEôTHEôPHYSICALôCONDITIONôOFôTHEôlATS ô


#ULS DE SACôOFô4RANSFORMATION

"¯LAô+¶LI

ANDôSOôTHEôQUALITYôOFôLIFEôREMAINEDôPRACTICALLYôTHEôSAME ô !LTHOUGHôTHEôPRIVATISATIONôOFôlATSôCOMPRISEDôHUNDREDSôOFô THOUSANDSôOFôTRANSACTIONSôANDôPRODUCEDôINCOMEôFORôTHEô LOCALôGOVERNMENTS ôTHESEôAUTHORITIESôFAILEDôTOôUSEôTHESEô RETURNSôTOôCREATEôNEWôFUNDSôORôREINVESTôTHEMôINTOôTHEôREALô ESTATEôTOôINCREASEôTHEIRôVALUEôANDôRAISEôTHEôSTANDARDSôOFô THEôDISTRICTS ô4ENANT TURNED OWNERSôACQUIREDôTHEIRôFREEHOLDô lATSôATôAôBARGAINôPRICE ôOFTENôASôLITTLEôASô ôOFôTHEôMARKETô VALUE ôALTHOUGHôTHEREôWASôNOôSTABLEôREALôESTATEôMARKETôATô THISôTIME ôSOôTHEôPRICESôWEREôHYPOTHETICAL ô)NôTHISôMANNER ô ALMOSTôANYONEôCOULDôTURNôINTOôAôlATôOWNERôWITHOUTôHAVINGô TOôCOMPLYôWITHôTHEôkNANCIALôREQUIREMENTSôOFôBEINGôONE ô 2EALôESTATEôISôANôASSET ôANDôPRACTICALLYôTHEôMOSTô VALUABLEôONEôATôTHAT ô!SôANYôASSET ôITôNEEDSôTOôBEôMANAGED ô ôANDôREQUIRESôKNOWLEDGEôOFôTHEôOBLIGATIONSôANDôEXPENSESô THISôENTAILS ô!SSETôMANAGEMENTôISôAôPROFESSIONALôkELDô THATôREQUIRESôCIRCUMSPECTION ôKNOW HOW ôANDôEVENôRISKô ASSESSMENT ô2EALôESTATEôISôATôONCEôAôCAPITALôANDôANô INVESTMENT ôWITHôAôCORRESPONDINGôYIELD ô 4HEôMAJORITYôOFôREAL ESTATEôOWNERSôINô(UNGARYôLACKô THEôKNOWLEDGEôTHATôTHEôAPPROPRIATEôMANAGEMENTôOFôô THEIRôPROPERTYôWOULDôREQUIRE ô4HEôRIGHTôOFôTHEôCURRENTôSTOCKô OFôlATSômôESPECIALLYôOLDôRESIDENTIALôHOUSESômôTOôEXISTôISô CONSTANTLYôQUESTIONEDôBECAUSEôNOôONEôISôWILLINGôTOôDOôTHEIRô MAINTENANCE ô4HEôMAJORITYôOFôINHABITANTSôHAVEôBECOMEô OWNERSôBYôAôONE TIMEôEFFORT ôBUTôTHEIRôLIFESTYLEôASôOWNERSôISô EXISTENTIALLYôUNSUSTAINABLE ô4HEôMONEYôONCEôINVESTEDôINTOô THEôlATôREMAINSôDEADôCAPITAL ôWHOSEôCAPACITYôOFôPRODUCINGô INCOMEôREMAINSôDORMANTôFORôWANTôOFôALLOCATINGôRESOURCESô TOôMAINTENANCE ôRENOVATIONôANDôDEVELOPMENT ô4HISôCAPITALô ISôSIMPLYôWORNôDOWNôBYôTHEôINHABITANTS ôWHILEôRENTINGôAôô lATôWOULDôPERHAPSôPROVIDEôAôBETTERôQUALITYôOFôLIFEôFORôTHEM ô 4ODAYôITôSEEMSôTHATôTHEôPRIVATISATIONôOFôTHEôLOCALô GOVERNMENT SôSTOCKôOFôlATSôHASôNOTôSOLVEDôANYTHING ô ôORô ôYEARSôAFTERôTHEôTRANSACTIONS ôTHEREôISôSTILLôNOôCONSIDERABLEô IMPROVEMENTôINôTHEôLIVEABILITYôOFôTHESEôDISTRICTS ô4HEôô BESTEXAMPLEôISôTHEôINNERô%RZS¯BETV¶ROSômôTHEôOLDô*EWISHô 1UARTERôOFô0ESTômôWHICHôISôSTILLôCHARACTERISEDôBYôRUN DOWNô

BUILDINGSôANDôTHEôLACKôOFôPUBLICôSPACES ô!MONGôô THEôSAGGINGôBUILDINGS ôHOWEVER ôPRIVATEôCAPITALôHASôô POPPEDôITSôHEADôOUT ôERECTINGô@CHARACTERISTICALLYô CHARACTERLESS ôBUILDINGSôTOôREPLACEôTHEôDEMOLISHEDôô OLDôRESIDENTIALôHOUSES ô .OWADAYS ôURBANôPLANNINGôFORôTHEôAREAôALLOWSô PRACTICALLYôEVERYTHINGôNECESSARYôFORôMAKINGôAôQUICKôPROkT ô WHICHôISôEXHAUSTIVELYôEXPLOITEDôBYôTHEôINVESTORS ôô 4HEôMAGICôPHRASESômôORôNUMBERSômôAREôLOTôCOVERAGEô LIMITATIONôANDôlOOR AREAôRATIO ôWHICH ôINôTHEôCASEôOFôô THESEôDISTRICTS ôALLOWôAôCOVERAGEôTHATôISôEVENôDENSERôTHANô THEôALREADYôEXTREMELYôCLOSE KNITôTEXTUREôOFôTHEôCITY ôô 7ITHôTHEôCONTINUEDôREDUCTIONôOFôlATôSIZES ôTHEREôAREôEVENô MOREôRESIDENTSôPERôLOT ôRESULTINGôINôAôDETERIORATINGôô QUALITYôOFôLIFE ô4HISôNEWôINVESTOR SôBEHAVIOUR ôASSISTEDôBYô THEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTS ôFURTHERôDEGRADESôTHEôCONDITIONSô OFôLIFEôOFôTHEôAREA ôEVENôIFôTHEôSTREETôFRONTSôAREôNOôLONGERô RUNôDOWN ô4HEôQUALITYôANDôARCHITECTURALôAPPEARANCEôOFô THEôNEWLYôERECTEDôBUILDINGSômôWITHôAôFEWôEXCEPTIONSômôISô COMPLETELYôSLEAZYôANDôDISGRACEFUL ô 4HEôQUESTIONôEMERGES ôWHAT ôTHEN ôISôURBANôPLANNINGô GOODôFOR ô4HEORETICALLYôITôSERVESôTOôDESIGNôMEDIUMôANDô LONG TERMôINTERVENTIONSôINôSERVICEôOFôAôFUTUREôOBJECTIVE ôANDô ôTOôCONTROLôTHEôPROkT ORIENTEDôOPERATIONSôOFôINVESTORS ôALLô INôFAVOURôOFôTHEôPUBLICôANDôFUTUREôLIVEABILITY ô/BVIOUSLY ôTHEô INVESTORômôWHO ôBYôTHEôWAY ôPOCKETSôAôMULTIPLEôOFôTHEôPROkTô THATôISôREALISABLEôBYôFAIRôMEANSôONôTHEô7ESTERNô%UROPEANô MARKET ôANDôWITHôMUCHôLESSôRISKôANDôMEAGREôPERFORMANCEô môWILLôNOTôGIVEôAôLOTôOFôTHOUGHTôTOôARCHITECTURALôQUALITY ô 4HEôECONOMICôCRISISôHASôONLYôSLOWEDôTHISôPROCESSôDOWNô TEMPORARILY ôINVESTORS ôASôWELLôASôBANKS ôAREôREADYôTOôJUMP ô WAITINGôFORôTHEôCRITICALôPERIODôTOôWEARôOUTôSOôTHATôTHEYôô CANôRESUMEôREALôESTATEô@DEVELOPMENT ôBECAUSEôTHISôISôTHEô MOSTôPROkTABLEôBUSINESSôINôTHEôREGION ô $ESPITEôTHEIRôRUN DOWNôCONDITION ôTHEôBUILDINGSôINô "UDAPESTôAREôSUITABLEôFORôDESIGNINGôUP TO DATEôLIVINGô SPACES ôINôADDITIONôTOôTHEIRôSTATICôFEATURESôMENTIONEDô ABOVE ôTHEIRôSPACESôALSOôVOUCHôFORôTHIS ô4HEôEXISTINGô


#ULS DE SACôOFô4RANSFORMATION

REAL ESTATEôASSETSôCANNOTôBEôEFkCIENTLYôANDôSUSTAINABLYô MADEôUSEôOFôWITHOUTôTHEôACTIVEôPARTICIPATIONôOFôLOCALô GOVERNMENTS ô/FôCOURSE ôTHEREôHAVEôBEENôATTEMPTSôATô REHABILITATIONôBEFORE ôASôWELLôASôAFTERôTHEôPOLITICALô TRANSFORMATION ô(OWEVER ôTHEôREHABILITATIONôOFôENTIREô BLOCKS ôWHICHôBEGANôINôTHEô SôINôTHEôINNERô%RZS¯BETV¶ROS ô PROVEDôTOôBEôUNSUCCESSFUL ôNOTôONLYôWASôTHEôCONSTRUCTIONô INDUSTRYôINCAPABLEôOFôPRODUCINGôHIGHôQUALITY ôBUTôITSô FUNDAMENTALôCONCEPTSôWEREôALSOôDUBIOUSômôTHEôZONESôô OFôTHESEôBUILDINGSôTHATôWEREôDESIGNATEDôASôPUBLICôô SPACEôHAVEôBEENôVACANTôFORôDECADES ô 3TATE OF THE ARTôRENOVATIONôOFôOLDôBUILDINGSôISôNEVERô ANôEASYôTASK ôBUTôFEASIBLE ôEVENôIFôWITHôMOREôMODESTôRETURNô RATESôTHANôTODAY SôINVESTMENTôPRACTICE ô)TôISôALSOôPOSSIBLEô TOôMODIFYôANDôMODERNISEôTHESEôSPACES ôWITHINôAôBLOCKô ITôISôPOSSIBLEôTOôOPENôSEVERALôCOURTYARDSôTOGETHER ôMAKEô PASSAGEWAYS ôANDôDESIGNôDIVERSEôSPACESôANDôPROGRAMMEô FACILITIES ôWITHôHIGHôQUALITYôCONTEMPORARYôINTERVENTIONS ôô 4HEôDEVELOPMENTôOFôPUBLICôSPACESôANDôGREENôAREASôô môCOMBINEDôWITHôAôCUTBACKôINôTRAFkCômôISôALSOôANôINTEGRALô PARTôOFôRENEWINGôTHEôCENTRALôDISTRICTS ô.ATURALLY ôTHISôCANô ONLYôBEôREALISEDôASôPARTôOFôAôREHABILITATIONôPRACTICEôINô WHICHôBUILDINGSôAREôDESIGNEDôINôACCORDANCEôWITHôPUBLICô SPACES ôPUBLICôFUNCTIONSôANDôSERVICES

'RAPHICSôBYô4«MEAô#SABAôANDô'ERGELYô+OV¶CS

-APPINGô)NTERNAL "ORDERS

)FôSTATISTICSôCANôPROVIDEô EVIDENCEôOFôTENDENCIESô TAKINGôPLACEôINôLARGERô AREAS ôITôALSOôRISKSôTOô OBSCUREôDIFFERENCEôATôTHEô LEVELôOFôPHENOMENOLOGICALô

EXPERIENCE ô)NôOURôONGOINGô MAPPINGôINQUIRY ôWEô PROPOSEôTOôCOMBINEôTHESEô TWOôEPISTEMOLOGICALôLEVELS ô SYSTEMATICôINTERPRETATIONô OFôINFORMATIONôBASEDôONô

PRIMARYôPERCEPTIONôAREô DEVELOPEDôINTOôMAPS ô MAPSôAREôUSEDôASôTOOLSôTOô MAKEôVISIBLEôTHEôINTERNALô BORDERSôOFô+IR¶LYôSTREET


%VENôNUMBERSôSIDE ô+IR¶LYô3TREET ô"UDAPEST

/DDôNUMBERSôSIDE ô+IR¶LYô3TREET ô"UDAPEST

Aô‡ô E

ô‡ô

ô‡ô

ô‡ô

ô‡ô

‡

ô‡ô

ô‡ô

ô‡ô

ô‡ô

ô‡ô


-APPINGô)NTERNALô"ORDERS

ô ô

,¶SZL¥ô-UNTE¶N

B

4HEô3TREETôASô0ALIMPSEST ôô 4HEô$IALECTICSôOFôô 0RESERVATIONôANDô$EMOLITIONôINô "UDAPEST Sô+IR¶LYô3TREET /VERôTHEôCOURSEôOFôTHEôPASTôDECADE ôTHEôAREAôOFô$ISTRICTôô 6)) ôKNOWNôASô"UDAPEST SôOLDô*EWISHôQUARTER ôHASôBEENôô AôSCENEôOFôkERCEôBATTLESôBETWEENôDEVELOPERSôSUPPORTEDôô BYôAôLARGELYôCORRUPTôDISTRICTôGOVERNMENTôANDôTHOSEôCIVICôô ORGANISATIONSôTHATôHAVEôBEENôASSIDUOUSôINôTHEIRôATTEMPTôô TOôPROTECTôTHEôDISTRICT Sô THôCENTURYôBUILDINGôSTOCK ôAôLARGEô PARTôOFôWHICHôHASôALREADYôFALLENôVICTIMôTOôTHEôWRECKINGôBALL ô 4HEôPRESENTôARCHITECTURALôLANDSCAPEôOFôTHEôDISTRICTôOFFERSôô AôUNIQUEôPALIMPSESTôENCOMPASSINGôMULTIPLEôLAYERSôOFô THEôDISTRICT SôHISTORY ôFROMôLOW RISEô.EO #LASSICISTôHOUSESô ERECTEDôINôTHEôkRSTôHALFôOFôTHEô THôCENTURYôTOôRECENTLYô COMPLETEDôMULTI STOREYôAPARTMENTôBLOCKSôSPORTINGôVIVIDôô COLOURSôANDôLARGEôBALCONIESôWITHôAô-EDITERRANEANôTOUCH ôô 4HEôMOUTHôOFô+IR¶LYôSTREETô +INGô3TREET ôATô+¶ROLYôK¢R TôALLô THEôWAYôUPôTOô+AZINCZYôSTREETôSHOWCASESôAMPLEôEXAMPLESôô OFôSUCHôNEWôAPARTMENTôCOMPLEXESôSTANDINGôINôSTARKôCON TRASTôTOôTHEIRôOLDERôNEIGHBOURS ô!TôTHEôCOREôOFôTHEôUPSURGEô OFôPUBLICôRESENTMENTôAGAINSTôTHESEôNEWôDEVELOPôMENTSô STANDSôTHEôNOTIONôOFôPRESERVATIONôOFôTHEôDISTRICT SôPRE 7ORLDôô 7ARô))ôARCHITECTURALôHERITAGEôPERCEIVEDôASôAôTOKENôOFôIDENTITY ôô "YôCONTRAST ôMOSTôOFôTHEôDEMOLITIONôANDôTHEôNEWôCONôSTRUCô TIONSôHAVEôBEENôVINDICATEDôBYôTHEôDISTRICTôGOVERNMENTôASôô PARTôOFôTHEôAREA SôOVERALLôREHABILITATION ô)FôREHABILITATIONôISôô USEDôASôAôEUPHEMISMôFORôTHEôDESTRUCTIONôOFôTHEôDISTRICT Sôô ORGANICALLYôDEVELOPEDôARCHITECTURALôHERITAGE ôTHEôCONCEPTôô OFôHERITAGEôSEEMSôEQUALLYôVAGUEôWHENôITôCOMESôTOôTHEôô ACTUALôIDENTITYôTHATôITôALLEGEDLYôSIGNIkES


4HEô3TREETôASô0ALIMPSEST

,¶SZL¥ô-UNTE¶N

ô 7HATôCONSTITUTESôTHISôHERITAGEôTHEN ô5NLIKEôINôOTHERôô %UROPEANôCITIES ôWHEREô*EWSôHADôBUILTôDISTRICTSôFORôTHEM SELVESôINôTHEô-IDDLEô!GES ôHEREôTHEYôMOVEDôINTOôANôEXISTINGô TEXTUREôOFôLATE "AROQUEôANDô.EO #LASSICISTôHOUSESôAFTERôô HAVINGôBEENôGRANTEDôTHEôRIGHTôTOôSETTLEôDOWNôINôTHEôSECONDôô HALFôOFôTHEô S ô)TôWASôNOTôUNTILôLATERôINôTHEô THôANDôEARLYôô THôCENTURYôTHATôRAREôARCHITECTURALôFEATURESôSUCHôASôô @THROUGHôHOUSES ôPROVIDINGôPASSAGEWAYSôANDôINTERCONNECTEDôô COURôTôYARDSôBETWEENôPARALLELôSTREETSôWEREôBUILTô ASôINôTHEô CASEôOFôTHEô'OZSDUôCOURTôBETWEENô+IR¶LYôSTREETôANDô$OBô STREET ôASôWELLôASôBUILDINGSôCOMBININGôRESIDENTIALôANDô INDUSTRIALôFUNCTIONS ôFORMINGôAôMAZEôOFôALLEYWAYSôLENDINGôô AôPECULIARôAMBIANCEôTOôTHEôQUARTER SôSTREETS ô%VERôSINCEôTHEôô EARLYô S ô+IR¶LYôSTREETôFUNCTIONEDôASôTHEôSINGLEôARTERYô CONNECTINGôTHEôINNERôCITYôWITHô#ITYô0ARK ô!LTHOUGHôWITHôTHEôô CONSTRUCTIONôOFô!NDR¶SSYô"OULEVARDôINôTHEô S ôTHEôSTREETôô WASôSLIGHTLYôALLEVIATEDôFROMôITSôHEAVYôTRAFkC ôITôSTILLôCONTINUEDôô TOôSERVEôASôANôINTERFACEôBETWEENô4ER¯ZV¶ROSô 4HERESATOWN ôô ANDôTHEôYOUNGERô%RZS¯BETV¶ROSô %LIZABETHTOWN ôFORMINGô THEôNORTHERNôBORDERôOFôTHEô*EWISHôDISTRICT ô(ERITAGEôVALUEôô ISôNOTôSOôMUCHôMANIFESTEDôINôARCHIôTECTURALLYôOUTSTANDINGô BUILDINGS ôWITHôTHEôEXCEPTIONôOFôAôFEWôDESIGNEDôBYôPROMI NENTôARCHITECTS ôASôINôTHEôPECULIARôSTREETSCAPESôANDôLAYOUTSôô THATôSPEAKôTOôAôBYGONEôERAôOFôAôVIBRANTôCOMMUNITYôOFôô MERCHANTSôANDôCRAFTSMEN ô"UTôINôSPITEôOFôTHEôINTERNATIONALôô PROTECTIONôGRANTEDôTOôTHEô*EWISHôQUARTERôBYô5.%3#/ôINôô ôASôAôBUFFERôZONEôALONGSIDEôTHEôWORLD HERITAGEôô !NDR¶SSYô"OULEVARD ôITSôPROôôTECTEDôSTATUSôCOULDôNOTôKEEPôô CORRUPTIONôATôBAY ô4HEôDECIMATIONôOFôITSô THôCENTURYô HOUSINGôSTOCKôACCELERATEDôINôTHEôSUBSEQUENTôYEARS ôUNTILôô THEô.ATIONALô/FkCEôOFô#ULTURALô(ERITAGE ôFORCEDôBYôPUBLICôô PRESSURE ôDECLAREDôITôANôAREAôOFôMONUMENTALôHISTORICôô SIGNIkCANCEôINô ôANDôEXTENDEDôOFkCIALôPROTECTIONôTOôô ôBUILDINGS ô 3IGNIkCANTLY ôFEWô IFôANY ôOFôTHEôACTIVISTSôDEDICATEDôô TOôTHEôPROTECTINGôOFôTHEôOLDôBUILDINGSôAREôRESIDENTSôINôTHEôô AREA ô/THERôLOCALôFORMSôOFôPUBLICôINVOLVEMENTôWITHINôTHEôô DISTRICTôHAVEôEMERGEDôBUTôSEEMôTOôBEôINôEMBRYONICôSTAGES ôô

#ONVERSELY ôHOWEVER ôTHEôAMBIANCEôOFôTHEôPASTôAFFORDEDôô BYôTHEôREMAININGôOLDôBUILDINGSôHASôELICITEDôMULTIPLEôFORMSôô OFôNOSTALGIA ô4HEôWIDEôPOPULARITYôOFôCOURTYARDôBARSôSETôUPô INôABANDONEDôINTERIORSôAMIDôPEELINGôPLASTERôSUBSCRIBESôô TOôSUCHôAôNOSTALGICôDESIREôTOôCONNECTôWITHôANôIMAGINEDô PASTôTHROUGHôANôENVIRONMENTôPLEASINGôINôITSôEVANESCENCE ô !ôCOMPLETEôOPPOSITEôOFôTHEôPRACTICEôOFôFA±ADISM ôINôWHICHôô THEôFA±ADEôOFôAôBUILDINGôISôPRESERVEDôANDôNEWôINTERIORSôAREôô DESIGNEDôBEHINDôITô ASôINô ô(OLL¥ô3TREET ôRUINOUSôCOURTYARDôô BARSôFEEDôONôTHEôUNCANNYôCOMBINATIONôOFôTHEôARCHAEôOLOôGI CALôGAZEôANDôAôCARNIVALISTICôPLEASUREôOFôRUINSômôAFFORDEDôBYô THEôPRECARIOUSôSTATEôOFôSUCHôBUILDINGS ô 4HEôPECULIARôAMBIANCEôTHATôSUCHôPLACESôEMANATEô DEôRIVESôFROMôTHEôSURVIVINGôELEMENTSôOFôTHEôDISORDERLY ô MAZE LIKEôARRANGEMENTôOFôPASSAGEWAYSôTHATôURBANôPLAN NERSôHAVEôSOUGHTôTOôREPLACEôWITHôAôTRANSPARENTôPATTERNô EVERôSINCEôTHEôEARLYô THôCENTURY ô4HEôPLANNINGôOFôAôNEWôô BOULEVARDô %RZS¯BETô"OULEVARD ôTHATôWOULDôHAVEôCONNEC TEDôTHEôINNERôRINGôWITHôTHEôOUTERôRINGôDATESôBACKôTOô ôô BUTôITSôREALISATIONôWASôTHWARTEDôBYô7ORLDô7ARô) ô4HEôIDEAô WOULDôRE EMERGEôINô ôANDôEIGHTôYEARSôLATER ôTHEô SO CALLEDô-AD¶CHô(OUSESôWEREôBUILTôWITHôAôMONUMENTALôô ARCHôCONôNECTINGôTHEôTWOôMASSIVEôSLABSôOFôAPARTMENTô BLOCKS ô)RONICALLY ô7ORLDô7ARô))ôWITHHELDôFURTHERôCONSôTRUC TIONôOFôTHEôBOULEVARDôINTOôTHEô*EWISHôQUARTER ôLEAVINGôTHEôô GRANDIOSEôSTRUCTUREôASôAôMONUôMENTôTOôANôILL FATEDôPROJECT ôô !LTHOUGHôANACHRONISTICôINôITSôINCEPTION ôTHEôIDEAôEMERGEDô ONCEôAGAINôINôTHEô S ôEVENôIFôWITHôTHEôPLANôFORôTHEô BOULEVARDôREDUCEDôTOôAôPROMENADE ô!NDôEVENôIFôAô STOREYôô OFkCEôTOWERô BUILTôINôTHEôEARLYô S ôBLOCKSôTHEôWAYôBEHINDôô THEôGRANDôARCHôOFôTHEô-AD¶CHô(OUSES ôTHEôIDEAôFORôTHEô PROMENADEôSTILLôPERSISTSôASôAôFORMATIVEôELEMENTôDEkNINGô PROSPECTIVEôPLANSôFORôTHEôAREA ô)NôITSôPRESENTôFORM ôTHEô PROMENADEôCUTSôTHROUGHôTHEôRENOVATEDôCOURTYARDSôOFô 'OZSDUô#OURTôANDôCONTINUESôALLôTHEôWAYôTOô+AZINCZYôSTREET ô DEkNEDôBYôTHEôOVERWHELMINGLYô-EDITERRANEANôLOOKôOFôTHEôô RECENTLYôCOMôPLETEDôAPARTMENTôBLOCKS ô(ERE ôTHEôPROMENADEôô ISôBLOCKEDôBYôTWOôOLDôBUILDINGSôINôDEPLORABLEôCONDITION ôô


4HEô3TREETôASô0ALIMPSEST

4HEôONEôONôTHEôLEFTô ô+AZINCZYôSTREET ôFEATURESôAôPLAQUE ôô ATTACHEDôTOôTHEôBAREôBRICKôWHEREôTHEôPLASTERôHADôFALLENôô OFF ôDECLARINGôTHEôHOUSEôAôPROTECTEDôMONUMENTômôWITHôITSôô RESIDENTSôLONGôAGOôEVICTED ôJUSTôLIKEôINôTHEôNEIGHBOURINGô NO ô ô !LTHOUGHôNOTôINôTHEôFORMôOFôAôMONUMENTALôBOULEVARDô RIMMEDôBYôMODERNISTôSTREETSCAPESôASôENVISIONEDôINôTHEô S ôTHEôLEGACYôOFôTHISôPROJECTôREMAINSôTOôBEôAôHAUNTINGô PRESENCEôTHATôEXERTSôITSôINlUENCEôONôTHEôBLOCKSôBETWEENô +IR¶LYôSTREETôANDô$OBôSTREETôINôTHEôFORMôOFôDEMOLITION ô FA±ADISMôAND ôMOSTôPROMINENTLY ôNEWôAPARTMENTôBLOCKSô THATôRISEôABOVEôTHEIRôOLDERôNEIGHBOURSôASôHARBINGERSôOFôô THEôQUARTER SôFURTHERôGENTRIkCATION ô4HEôUNCANNYôSIGHTôOFôTHEôô DECREPIT ôABANDONEDô.EO #LASSICISTôHOUSEôWITHôAôPLAQUEô ATôITSôGATEôFACINGôTHEôGRANDôBALCONIESôOFôTHEôMULTI STOREYô RESIDENTIALôBLOCKôTHATôCOULDôBEôANYWHEREôINôTHEôWORLDôNOTô ONLYôENCOMPASSESôTHEôRADICALôCONFRONTATIONôOFôOLDôANDôNEW ôô BUTôPLACESôTHEôPOSSIBILITYôOFôCOMMUNICATIONôBETWEENôTHEMôô ATôSTAKE ô&ORôWITHINôTHEôMECHANISMôOFôTHEôPOWERôRELATIONSôô THATôCRYSTALLISEDôINôTHEôWAKEôOFôDEMOLITIONS ôTHEô@PRODUCTION ôô OFôHERITAGE ôASôWELLôASôTHEôHISTORICôCHARACTERôTHATôITôPUR PORTôEDLYôREPRESENTS ôTAKESôSHAPEôASôAôDESPERATEôREACTIONôô TOôTHEôIMMINENTôDANGERôOFôITSôDESTRUCTION ô)NSTEADôOFô FORMINGôANô@AND AND ôRELATION ôOLDôANDôNEWôAREôPITTEDôAGAINSTôô EACHôOTHERôINôANô@EITHER OR ôBINARY

'AB¥ô"ARTHA

2E THINKINGôTHEô-ARKETPLACE ôô !ôSTORYôOFôô RESISTANCEôANDôPROACTIVITY )Nô ôAôCLUSTERôOFôACTIVISTSôFORMEDôTHEôGROUPô/URô4REASURE ôô THEô-ARKETômô(UNYADIô3QUAREô +!0 (4 ôINôORDERôTOôSAVEôô THEôMARKETôATô(UNYADIô3QUARE ôWHICHôISôTHEôONLYôREMAININGôô OPEN AIRôFOODôMARKETôINôTHEôCENTRALôDISTRICTSôOFô"UDAPEST ôô ,INKINGôTHEôLUXURIOUSô!NDR¶SSYô!VENUEôTOôTHEô+IR¶LYô3TREETôô +INGô3TREET ôAREAôTHATôISôUNDERGOINGôRADICALôTRANSFORMATIONS ôô THISôMARKETôHASôBECOMEôANôINDICATORôOFôTHEôCHANGINGôDEMO GRAPHICS ôVALUEôSYSTEMSôANDôCONSUMPTIONôPATTERNSôOFôTHEôô CITY ô&ORôYEARS ôTHEô+!0 (4ô TOGETHERôWITHôECOLOGISTôGROUPôô 6¯DEGYLET ôHASôBEENôWORKINGôONôRAISINGôPUBLICôAWARENESSôô OFôTHEôDISAPPEARINGôOPEN AIRôMARKETS ôBYôEMPHASISINGôTHEôô SOCIALôANDôLOGISTICôIMPORTANCEôOFôMEETINGôPLACESôANDôSOURCESôô OFôAFFORDABLE ôHEALTHYôFOOD

)NôRECENTôYEARS ôVARIOUSôDEBATESôHAVEôSURROUNDEDôTHEô MARKETôONô(UNYADIô3QUARE ô&IRST ôANDôMOSTôNOTORIOUSLY ôWITHôô RESPECTôTOôPLANSôFORôANôUNDERGROUNDôGARAGEôBENEATHôTHEôô ORIGINALôSITEôOFôTHEôOPEN AIRôMARKETôANDôPARK ôAôPLANôIGNORINGôô ENVIRONMENTALôIMPACTôSTUDIESôANDôLACKINGôANYôDOWNôTOWNô TRAFkCôPLANNING ô!FTERôLONGôNEGOTIATIONSôANDôINTERVENTIONSô OFôTHEô+!0 (4ôGROUP ôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTôTOOKôINTOô ACCOUNTôTHEôIMPORTANCEôOFôINVOLVINGôLOCALôRESIDENTSôINôTHEô DECISION MAKINGôPROCESS ô-EANWHILE ôTHEYôALSOôDECIDEDôô


2E THINKINGôTHEô-ARKETPLACE

'AB¥ô"ARTHA

TOôAPPLYôFORô%5ôFUNDSôTOGETHERôFORôTHEôRENOVATIONôOFôTHEô SITE ô6ARIOUSôPARTICIPATORYôEXERCISESôWEREôINTRODUCEDôTOôô COLLECTôVIEWSôANDôOPINIONSôOFôTHEôPLANNEDôDEVELOPMENT ô WHILEôTHEôIMPACTôOFôTHEôCOMMUNITYôONôTHEôkNALôPLANSôSTILLôô REMAINEDôSTRONGLYôCOMPROMISED ô4HEôPROPOSEDôPLANôFORôô THEôMARKETôSQUAREôENVISIONEDôAô CARôPARKINGôGARAGEôô UNDERôTHEôSQUARE ôWHICHôWENTôAGAINSTôTHEôAGREEMENTôOFôô THEôPARTICIPATINGôRESIDENTS ô ô &OLLOWINGôANôUNSUCCESSFULôBIDôTOôRAISEô%5ôFUNDINGô FORôTHEôPLANNEDôCARôPARK ôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTôSHIFTEDôITSôô FOCUSôTOôSMALLERôINTERVENTIONSôLIKEôRENOVATINGôTHEôPARK ôô CREATINGôAôNEWôPLAYGROUND ôRE DESIGNINGôTHEôMARKETôSTALLSôô ANDôTURNINGôPARTSôOFôTHEôSQUAREôINTOôAôMODERATEDôTRAFkCô ZONE ôTHUSôALLOWINGôFORôMOREôSPACEôFORôTHEô&RIDAYôANDôô 3ATURDAYôMARKETS ô .EVERTHELESS ôTHEôCONlICTôWASôRENEWEDôBYôTHEôLOCALôô GOVERNMENT SôPLANSôTOôCLEARôFROMôTHEôSQUAREôAôSIGNIkCANTôô NUMBERôOFôTREES ôCONSIDEREDôASôUNSAFEôANDôENDANGERINGô PUBLICôUSEôOFôTHEôSQUARE ô+!0 (4 SôCALLôFORôINDEPENDENTô EXPERTISEôCONTRIBUTEDôTOôDEEPENINGôTHEôDISAGREEMENTô BETWEENôSUPPORTERSôOFôTHEôCOMPETINGôPLANS ô4REESôBECAMEôô THUSôCRUCIALôINôTHEôDISTRICT SôHERITAGEôPRESERVATIONôSTRATEGY ô ONCEôTHEôTREESôAREôREMOVED ôPLANSôFORôTHEôPARKINGôGARAGEô MAYôGAINôMOMENTUM ôANDôTHEôEXISTENCEôOFôTHEôFARMERS ô MARKETôMAYôBEôPUTôINTOôQUESTION ô#LOSEôCOOPERATIONôWITHô THEôDISTRICT SôCHIEFôARCHITECTôDIDôNOTôPREVENTôTHEôMARKETô FROMôREMAININGôONôPRECARIOUSôGROUND ôMUNICIPALôATTEMPTSô TOôREDUCEôITSôHOURSôOFôACTIVITYôANDôTOôINCREASEôTHEôSTALLô RENTALôFEEôMAYôRESULTôINôAôMOREôEXCLUSIVEôMARKETôSTRUCTURE ô 4OôIMPROVEôTHEôMARKET SôVISIBILITYôANDôSTRENGTHENôTHEô SENSEôOFôCOMMUNITYôTHATôTHEôMARKETôCATALYSED ô+!0 (4ôô HASôORGANISEDôNUMEROUSôEVENTSôATôTHEôMARKETôSQUAREôANDôô ATôOTHERôLOCATIONS ô+!0 (4 SôACTIVITYôISôNOTôLIMITEDôTOôCAM PAIGNING ôACTIVISTSôOFôTHEôGROUPôGOTôINVOLVEDôINôTHEôLIFEôOFô THEôMARKET ôELABORATINGôSTRATEGIESôFORôIMPROVINGôSERVICESôô ANDôPRODUCTôVARIETYô BYôINTRODUCINGôNEWôHERBSôANDôVEGE TABLES ôEXTENDINGôTHEôSELECTIONôOFôGOODSôANDôFOODS ôASôô WELLôASôOPENINGôUPôALTERNATIVEôCHANNELSôOFôCOMMUNICATIONôô

BETWEENôTHEôMARKETôTRADERS ôTHEôWIDERôPUBLIC ôVISITORSôANDôô CUSTOMERSôOFôTHEôMARKETôANDôTHEôLOCALôAUTHORITIES ô4HEôMOSTôô RECENTôEVENTSôINCLUDEDôAôTHEMATICôEXHIBITIONôORGANIôSEDô AROUNDôTHEôNOTIONôOFôTHEôMARKET ôFOODôINFRASTRUCTUREôANDô RELATEDôISSUESôINôTHEôDOWNTOWNôLIFEôOFô"UDAPEST ôAIMINGôô TOôINVOLVEôANDôREACHôTHEôNON MARKET GOINGôCROWD

"ASEDôONôMYô ôYEARS ôEXPERIENCEôASôAôVISITORôOFôTHISôô MARKETômôWHICHôINCLUDESôTHREEôYEARSôOFôACTIVEôINVOLVEMENTôô INôTHEôLIFEôOFô(UNYADIô3QUARE ôASôANôINITIATORôOFôTHEôGRASSROOTSôô MOVEMENTôTOôSAVEôTHEôFARMERS ôMARKETômô)ôMET ôMADEôô FRIENDSHIPSôANDôCOLLABORATEDôWITHôTRADERSôANDôOTHERôVISITORS ôô ENABLINGôMEôTOôDESCRIBEôTHEôMARKETôTHROUGHôTHEôDIFFERENTô PROkLESôOFôTHEôVARIOUSôTRADERS ô4HESEôAREôTHEôFOLLOWING ô ô 0ENSIONER ôNEVERôHAVINGôBEENôAôFARMER ôLIVING INô"UDAPEST ôWITHôANôALLOTMENTôGARDEN ôSELLINGôô SURPLUSôHARVEST ô 0ENSIONER ôLIVINGôINô"UDAPEST ôREGULARLYô SELLINGôVEGETABLESôFROMôTHEôGARDENôATTACHEDôô TOôTHEôHOUSE ô %LDERLYôFARMERS ôGIVINGôUPôSELLING ôWHOôMAYôBEô REPLACEDôBYôAôFAMILYôMEMBER ô 6ENDORSôSELLINGôPRODUCTSôFROMôMID SCALEô FARMERSôANDôFROMôWHOLESALEôMARKETS ô 0ENSIONER ôLIVINGôINôAôSMALLôTOWN ôANDôGROWINGô AôSMALLôQUANTITYôOFôVEGETABLESôTOôCOMPLEMENTô HISô ôHERôPENSION ô 0EOPLEôAGEDôOVERô ôRIDEôTHEôô TRAINSôFORôFREE ôANDôBRINGINGôAôFEWôKILOGRAMSôô OFôPRODUCEôTOôTHEôMARKETôISôAôGOODôOPPORTUNITYôô FORôTHEMôTOôEARNôSOMEôMONEY ô -ID SCALEôFARMERôWITHôFAMILYôTRADITIONSô OFTENô THEIRôPARENTSôANDôGRANDPARENTSôWEREôALSOô


2E THINKINGôTHEô-ARKETPLACE

FARMERSôANDôWENTôTOôTHEôMARKETôWITHôAôCARTôINô THEôPAST ôCOMINGôTOôTHEôMARKETôBYôCAR ô &ARMERôWITHôFAMILYôTRADITIONS ôSELLINGôHISô ôHERô OWNôVEGETABLESôANDôFRUITS ôCOMPLEMENTEDôWITHô PRODUCTSôFROMôTHEôWHOLESALEôMARKET ô &ARMERôWITHôFAMILYôTRADITIONS ôSUBSISTENCEô FARMER ôBRINGINGôONLYôAôSMALLERôAMMOUNTôOFô FRUITSôANDôVEGETABLESôTOôTHEôMARKETôBYôTRAIN ô 2ELATIVELYôYOUNGôVILLAGER ôHAVINGôLOSTôHISô FACTORYôJOBôDUEôTOôTHEôECONOMICôTRANSITIONôô FOLLOWINGôTHEôENDôOFô#OMMUNISM ôCOMINGôô TOôTHEôMARKETôBYôTRAIN ôBRINGINGôWHATôS HEôô CANôCARRY ô (ASôBEENôWORKINGôINôAGRICULTUREô ôSILVICULTURE ô BUTôWASôNOTôAôSMALLôPRODUCER ôSTILLôDOESôô SEASONALôWORKôFORôOTHERSôOCCASIONALLY ôBRINGSôô PRODUCEôINôAôSMALLôRUCKSACKôANDôCOMESôô BYôTRAIN ô 6ILLAGEôPENSIONERôAFTERôCIVILIANôJOB ôAMATEURô GARDENER ôBRINGINGôJAMS ôlOWERS ôFRUITSôô INôSEASON ô 6ILLAGERôWITHôVERYôLOWôPENSION GRABSôWHATôS HEô CANôFROMôHERôGARDEN ô 6ILLAGERôCOMINGôONLYôWITHôSOMEôSEASONALô PRODUCTSôONLYôATôCERTAINôTIMESôOFôTHEôYEAR ô 2ETIREDôTECHNICALôINTELLECTUAL ôLIVINGôINôAôVILLAGE ô HAVINGôALWAYSôCULTIVATEDôAôSMALLôGARDEN ôANDôô SWEARINGôTOôQUITôEVERYôYEARôAFTERôkNDINGôAôMOREôô PROkTABLEôACTIVITY

'AB¥ô"ARTHA

ô 2ELATIVELYôYOUNGôVENDOR ôSELLINGôHISô ôHERôOWNô PRODUCT ôCOMPLEMENTEDôWITHôAôWIDEôRANGEôOFô PRODUCTSôFROMôTHEôWHOLESALEôMARKET ô 4RADITIONALLYôAôlORIST ôSELLINGôMERCHANDISEôFROMô THEôWHOLESALEôlOWERôMARKET ô 6ENDORôSELLINGôATTRACTIVEôGOODSôFROMôTHEô WHOLESALEôMARKET 3ELLINGôATôTHEôOPEN AIRôFARMERS ôMARKETôREQUIRESôAôPRIMARYô PRODUCER SôCERTIkCATE ôBUTôPEOPLEôWHOôOWNôAôSMALLôPIECEô OFôLANDôCANôEASILYôOBTAINôTHIS ô0RIMARYôPRODUCERSôHAVEô THEôADVANTAGEôOFôNOTôHAVINGôTOôPAYôTAXESôONôTRANSACTIONSô WORTHôUNDERô(5&ô ô CA ô ô'"0 ôANNUALLY ôWHICHô ISôAôGOODôENOUGHôREASONôFORôRETAILERSôTOôPRETENDôABOUTôTHEIRôô STATUSôBOTHôTOôAUTHORITIESôANDôTHEIRôCUSTOMERS ô0RODUCERSô WITHôLONGôFAMILYôTRADITIONSôOFôSELLINGôTHEIRôPRODUCEôHAVEô WITNESSEDôTHEôGRADUALôDWINDLINGôOFôTHEôMARKETôAREAôONô (UNYADIô3QUARE ôTODAYôONLYôONEôSIDEôOFôTHEôSQUAREôHASô STALLS ôANDôBUSINESSôHASôDECLINEDôSINCEôTHEôARRIVALôOFôHYPER ô ANDôSUPERMARKETSôTOô(UNGARYôINôTHEô S ô/THERSôSEEô THEôMARKETôASôANôOPPORTUNITYôTOôCOMPLEMENTôTHEIRôINCOMEô WHILEôSTILLôRETAININGôANOTHERôJOB ô!NOTHERôGROUPôOFôVENDORSô TURNEDôTOôSMALL SCALEôFARMINGôAFTERôLOSINGôTHEIRôJOBSôASôAô RESULTôOFôTHEôCOLLAPSEôOFôTHEô#OMMUNISTôECONOMICôSYSTEMô ANDôCLOSUREôOFôFACTORIES ô %LDERLYôPEOPLEôSELLôFOODôATôMARKETSôTOôCOMPLEMENTô THEIRôSMALLôPENSION ôASôOVERôTHEôAGEôOFô ôTHEYôCANôUSEô PUBLICôTRANSPORTATIONôFREEôOFôCHARGE ôSOôTHATôTHEIRôONLYô EXPENSEôISôTHEôSTALLôRENTALôFEE ô+EEPINGôTHEôSTALLôRENTALôFEEô


2E THINKINGôTHEô-ARKETPLACE

RELATIVELYôLOWôISôESSENTIALôTOôMAINTAINôTHISôGROUPôINôTHEô MARKET ô(OWEVER ôTHEYôCANôHARDLYôCOMPETEôWITHôLARGERôô PRODUCERS ôTHEôMOREôSTALLSôTHEYôHAVE ôANDôTHEôWIDERôRANGEô OFôPRODUCTS ôTHEôBETTERôTHEYôPOSITIONôTHEMSELVESôONôTHEôô MARKET ô4HEôISSUEôOFôFOODôDIVERSITYôANDôINCLUSIVEôECONOMYô ISôYETôTOôBEôRAISEDôBYôCUSTOMERS ô)DEALLY ôIFôMARKETôVENDORSô FORMEDôANôORGANISATION ôTHEYôWOULDôBEôMOREôEFkCIENTôINôô DEFENDINGôTHEIRôINTERESTSôVIS · VISôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT ô (OWEVER ôIFôTHEIRôUNITYôISôIMPOSSIBLEôTOôACHIEVE ôTHEREôAREôô MANYôREASONSôFORôTHAT ôCONlICTINGôINTERESTSôBETWEENôPRIMARYôô PRODUCERSôANDôRE SELLERS ôAôLACKôOFôSELF CONkDENCEôANDôOFô AôCULTUREôOFôSELF ORGANISINGôAREôTHEôMOSTôIMPORTANTôAMONGô THESEôFACTORS ô !NDôWHOôAREôTHEôSHOPPERS ô ,OCALôPENSIONERS ôHOUSEWIVESôANDôVARIOUSôPEOPLEôWORKINGôô INôTHEôNEIGHBOURHOOD ô&ORôLOCALSôWHOôHAVEôFREEôTIMEô DURINGôTHEôDAYôONôWEEKDAYS ôITôISôPROBABLYôAôHABITôTOôGOôô TOôTHEôMARKET ô#HEFSôFROMôNEARBYôRESTAURANTSôALSOôCOMEô FORôAôQUICKôHUNTôFORôHERBSôORôFRESHôFRUITôANDôVEGETABLESôTHATôô WEREôHARVESTEDôONôTHEôPREVIOUS ôORôTHEôVERYôSAMEôDAY ô 0EOPLEôONôAôTIGHTôBUDGETôAPPRECIATEôTHEôô POSSIBILITYôTOôBARGAINôATôTHEôOUTSIDEôô MARKET ôORôTOôHAVEôTHEôOPTIONôTOôCHOOSEôô SOMETHINGôCHEAPER ôWHILEôOTHERô HEALTH CONSCIOUSôCONSUMERSôCOMEô HEREôTOôBUYôFOODôTHATôISôLOCALLYôPRODU CED ô4HEôkGHTôOFôTHEôLOCALôCITIZENS ô GROUPôTOôSAVEôTHEôOPEN AIRôMARKETôHASôATTRACTEDôATTENTIONô TOôTHEôSPOT ôWITHôTHEôMARKETôLISTEDôASôTHEôSECONDôBESTô MARKETôINô(UNGARY ôCAUSINGôAôSMALLôBUTôSTEADYôINCREASEôô INôTHEôNUMBERôOFôVISITORSôFROMôYOUNGERôGENERATIONS

'AB¥ô"ARTHA

4HEôSELLERSôOFôTHEôô (UNYADIô3QUAREô-ARKET ô "UDAPEST


4HEô3ELLERSôOFôTHEô(UNYADIô3QUAREô-ARKET

Ó ô!LBERT ô" ô$¶VID ô2 ô3CHUTZMANNô ô#S ô:S ô6IZI

/NôTHEô4RACEôOFôTHEô2ING ô GLOBALISATIONôANDôREALôESTATEô ONôTHEô@MOSTôEMBLEMATICô "UDA 0ESTôSTREET 'AB¥ôISôAôVISITORôOFôTHEôô (UNYADIô3QUAREô-ARKETô ANDôHASôTHREEôYEARSôOFô ACTIVEôINVOLVEMENTôASôANô INITIATORôOFôTHEôGRASSROOTSô MOVEMENTôTOôSAVEôTHEô FARMERS ôMARKET ô3HEôMET ô

MADEôFRIENDSHIPSôANDô COLLABORATEDôWITHôTRADERSô ANDôOTHERôVISITORS ôô ENABLINGôHERôTOôDESCRIBEô THEôMARKETôTHROUGHôTHEô DIFFERENTôPROkLESôOFôTHEô VARIOUSôTRADERS

"UDAPEST ôTHEôCAPITALôOFô(UNGARY ôBOASTSôAôNUMBERôOFôô INVALUABLEôNATIONALôMONUMENTS ô-ANYôOFôTHESEôAREô RESIDENTIALôHOUSESôSTILLôOWNEDôBYôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTS ô 2ECENTôYEARSôHAVEôWITNESSEDôTHEôDEMOLITIONôANDôELIMI NATIONôOFôTHESEôBUILDINGSôWITHôNOôREGARDôFORôTHEIRôNATIONALô MONUMENTôSTATUS ô4HISôISôESPECIALLYôTRUEôOFô"UDAPEST Sô $ISTRICTô6)) ô%RZS¯BETV¶ROSô %LIZABETHTOWN ôTHEôOLDô*EWISHô GHETTO ô4HISôISôWHEREôTHEôTHREEôBUILDINGSôOFôOURôCONCERN ô +IR¶LYô3TREETô ômô ômô ôAREôLOCATED ô5SINGôSOCIALôNETWORKô ANALYSIS ôWEôHAVEôRESEARCHEDôANDôCHARTEDôTHEôHISTORYôOFô THEIRôPRIVATISATIONôSINCEôTHEôPOLITICALôTRANSITION "UILDINGSôNO ô ômô ômô ôONô+IR¶LYô3TREETôAREôINôPOORô CONDITION ô9EARSôAGO ôITôSEEMEDôTHATôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTô COULDôAMELIORATEôTHEôSITUATIONôBYôSELLINGôTHEM ô4HEYôDIDô SO ôBUTôTHEôEXCHANGEôWASôCONDUCTEDôINôAôHIGHLYôIRREGULARô MANNER ô4HEôGOALôOFôOURôRESEARCHôHASôBEENôTOôUNVEILôTHEôô PROCESSôANDôBACKGROUNDôOFôTHISôEXCHANGE ô/VERôTHEôCOURSEôô OFôTIME ôSEVERALôNEWôPLAYERSôENTEREDôTHEôkELD ôMAKINGôô THEôSTORYôINCREASINGLYôDIFkCULTôTOôUNTANGLE ôESPECIALLYôFORô THEôOUTSIDER ô4HISôCALLEDôFORôAôMETHODOLOGYôTHATôWOULDô RENDERôTHISôEXCHANGEôPROCESSôVISIBLE ôSOôASôTOôMAKEô@ORDER ô INôTHEôMESHôOFôNAMESôANDôkRMSôTHATôSEEMEDôUNRELATEDôATô kRSTôGLANCE ô /URôSMALLôWORLDôISôHELDôTOGETHERôBYôTHEôFORCEôOFô RELATIONSHIPS ô7EôOURSELVESôAREôTHEôINDIVIDUALôPOINTSôWHOô STRIVEôTOôkNDôOURôWAYôDAYôBYôDAYôINôTHISôUNFATHOMABLEô ANDôCOMPLEXôWORLDôSUSTAINEDôBYôTHEôLINKSôOFôRELATIONSHIPS ô


/NôTHEô4RACEôOFôTHEô2ING

Ó ô!LBERT ô" ô$¶VID ô2 ô3CHUTZMANNô ô#S ô:S ô6IZI

/URôORIENTATIONôANDôAWARENESSôAREôOFTENôHINDEREDôBYôOURô FAILUREôTOôRECOGNISEôHOWôINTERDEPENDENTôWEôARE ô/FTEN ô WITHôMOREôORôLESSôSUCCESS ôWEôTRYôTOôFORMôAôMENTALôPICTUREô OFôAôSPACEôWHEREôWEôCANôPOSITIONôOURSELVESôANDôTHOSEô SURROUNDINGôUS ô2EALITY ôHOWEVER ôISôMUCHôTOOôCOMPLEXô ANDôUNFATHOMABLEôFORôUSôTOôCOMPREHENDôITôOUTSIDEôOURô IMMEDIATEôENVIRONMENT ô )NôTHEôPASTôYEARSômôPARTLYôTOôSATISFYôTHISôDESIREômôTHEô NETWORKôAPPROACHôHASôGAINEDôEVERôGREATERôPOPULARITY ôô 4HISôSCHOOLôISôSPECIALISEDôINôSTUDYINGôTHEôNETWORKôOFô RELATIONSHIPS ôHARMONISINGôQUALITATIVEôANDôQUANTITATIVEô METHODS ôITSôSUBJECTôOFôOBSERVATIONôISôTHEôRELATIONSHIPô ITSELF ôAMONGôINDIVIDUALS ôGROUPS ôORôEVENôINSTITUTIONS ô /NEôOFôTHEôMOSTôINTRIGUINGôTRENDSôINôSOCIALôNETWORKô ANALYSISômôADOPTINGôTHEôWORKôOF ôAMONGôOTHERS ô-ARKô ,OMBARDIômôISôTHEôVISUôALISAôTIONôOFôTHEôNETWORKôOFôô RELATIONôSHIPS ô)TSôGOALôISôTOôMAKEôREALITYôKNOWNôINôITSôô VERYôCOMPLEXITYôANDôIMPENETRABILITY ô 7HILEô-ARKô,OMBARDIôVENTUREDôTOôGRAPHôALLôTHISôô MANôUôALLY ôTODAYôTHEREôAREôAôNUMBERôOFôSOFTWAREôAPPLI CATIONSôATôTHEôDISPOSALôOFôRESEARCHERS ô@2EALITY ôISôNOWô DISPLAYABLEôWITHôTHESE ôAFTERôBUILDINGôANôAPPROPRIATEô DATABASEôANDôRUNNINGôSPECIkCôALGORITHMS

INDEXESôAREôJUXTAPOSED ôWHILEôPLAYERSôkLLINGôVERYôDIFFERENTô FUNCTIONSôAREôDISTANTôTOôONEôANOTHER

4HEôDATABASEôNECESSARYôFORôEXPOSINGôTHEôCASEôOFôREALôô ESTATEôMANIPULATIONôONô+IR¶LYô3TREETôWASôBASEDôONôTHEôô SYSTEMATICôRESEARCHôOFôAômôCONSIDERABLEômôNUMBERôOFô PRESSôPUBLICATIONSôREGARDINGôTHEôISSUE ô7EôMAPPEDôTHEô DATAôINôAôTWO MODEôSOCIALôNETWORKôMATRIX ôINôWHICHôWEô LINKEDôINDIVIDUALSôRELEVANTôTOôTHEôSTORYôWITHôTHEôkRMSôTHEYôô WEREôCONNECTEDôWITHôONôTHEôBASISôOFôTHEôPRESSôMATERIAL ô 4HEôDATAôCOLLECTIONôENCOMPASSEDôEVERYôARTICLEô ôINôALL ôô PUBLISHEDôONôTHEôTOPICôBETWEENô ôANDô ôANDô INCLUDEDôTHEôCOMPLAINTôSUBMITTEDôTOôTHEôCOURTôAGAINSTôô THEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT ô5PONôCOMPLETION ôTHEôTWO MODEôô DATABASEôWASôANALYSEDôUSINGôTHEô-$3ô MULTIDIMENSIONALôô SCALING ôOPTIONôINô.ET$RAW ô)NôTHEôSOCIALôNETWORKôTHUSô GRAPHED ôINDIVIDUALSôANDôkRMSôWITHôSIMILARôRELATIONSHIPô

4HEôFOLLOWINGô ôSTAGESôAREôREQUIREDôFORôSUCHôAôCOMPLEXô ANDôNON TRANSPARENTôSOCIALôNETWORKôTOôDEVELOP 3TAGESô mô ôTHEôROUTEôTOôOBTAINôREALôESTATEô ONô+IR¶LYô3TREET ôô 4HEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTôCOMMISSIONSôITSôOWN kRMôTOôCARRYôOUTôTHEôAPPRAISALôOFôTHEôBUILDINGS ô 4HEôASSESSEDôPRICEôISôGENERALLYôEQUIVALENTôTOô THEôCOSTôOFôRELOCATINGôTHEôRESIDENTS ôô &OLLOWINGôTHEôAPPRAISAL ôAôPROJECTôkRM ô ESTABLISHEDôBYôPRIVATEôINDIVIDUALSôWITHôTHEô SPECIkCôPURPOSEôOFôPURCHASINGôTHEôRESIDENTIALô HOUSEôINôQUESTION ô@APPROACHES ôTHEôLOCALô GOVERNMENTôTOôMAKEôANôOFFERôFORôTHEôBUILDING ôô 4HEôPRESIDENTôOFôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT Sô ECONOMICôCOMMITTEEô %# ôSUBMITSôAôPROPOSALôô TOôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT Sô"OARDôOFô2EPRESEN TATIVESô "2 ôREGARDINGôTHEôSALEôOFôTHEôBUILDING ô 4HEôPROPOSALôINCLUDESôTHEôNAMEôOFôTHEôBUYERô ANDôTHEôPURCHASEôPRICEô AôkCTIVEôPRICEôTHATôWILLô NEVERôBEôPAIDôTOôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT ôô 4HEô"2ôMEETINGôISôCHAIREDôBYôTHEô$ISTRICT -AYOR ô4HEôSALEôOFôTHEôRESIDENTIALôHOUSESôô ISôDECIDEDôATôAôCLOSEDôSESSION ô4HEô% #ô PROPOSALôISôDISTRIBUTEDôATôTHEôMEETING ôô ANDôTHEô"2ôPASSESôTHEôPROPOSAL ôINôOTHERôô WORDS ôACCEDESôTOôSELLINGôTHEôBUILDING ôô !TôTHEôCONCLUSIONôOFôTHEôBOARDôMEETING ôTHEô PROPOSALôISôCOLLECTEDôFROMôTHEôBOARDôMEMBERS ô !FTERôTHEôVOTE ôALLôDOCUMENTSôREGARDINGôTHEô REALôESTATEôSALEôAREôHELDôEXCLUSIVELYôBYôTHEô


/NôTHEô4RACEôOFôTHEô2ING

PRESIDENTôOFôTHEô%CONOMICô#OMMITTEEôANDôTHEô $ISTRICTô-AYOR ôô 2ESIDENTIALôHOUSESôINôWHICHô"2ôMEMBERSôOR -0SôHOLDôAPARTMENTSôAREôNOTôSUBJECTôTOôSALE ôô 4HEôRESIDENTIALôHOUSESôAREôSOLDôWITHOUTôAô PUBLICôTENDER ôVIOLATINGôPUBLICôPROCUREMENTôLAW ôô /WNERSôOFôTHEôkRMSôESTABLISHEDôFORôPURCHASINGô PURCHASINGôTHEôRESIDENTIALôHOUSESôCOMEôFROMô THEôSAMEôCIRCLEôANDôAREôPERSONALLYôRELATEDôTOô THEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT ô4HEôNEWLYôESTABLISHEDô kRMôISôWELLôINFORMED ôANDôTHISôISôHOW ôMONTHSô BEFOREôTHEôOFkCIALôDECISIONôTOôSELLôTHEôREALô ESTATEôISôISSUEDôBYôTHEô"OARD ôTHEYôBEGINô NEGOTIATIONSôWITHôFOREIGNôINVESTORS ôô "ASEDôONôAôCONTRACTôOFôSALEôWITHôTHEôLOCALô GOVERNMENT ôTHEôBUYERôkRMSôACQUIREôAô YEARôô RIGHTôOFôPURCHASEôONôTHEôRESIDENTIALôHOUSE ô WITHôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT SôRETAINEDôOWNERSHIP ô ôô 4HEôBUYERôkRMS ôHEADQUARTERSôANDôTHEô LAWôkRMSôINVOLVEDôAREôREGISTEREDôATôIDENTICALô ADôDRESSES ô4WOôLAWôkRMSôHAVEôHADôANô INSTRUMENTALôROLEôINôTHEôSALES ôACCOMMODATINGô THEôkRMSôESTABLISHEDôSOLELYôFORôTHEôPURPOSEôô OFôPURCHASINGôANDôRE SELLINGôTHEôBUILDINGS ô 3UBSEQUENTLY ôTHEôBUYERôkRMômôWITHOUTôHAVING PAIDôAôPENNYôTOôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTômôBEGINSô TOôPASSôONôITSôRIGHTôOFôPURCHASEôBYôSELLINGô SHARESôINôTHEôkRM ô4HEôkRMôITSELFôISôSOLDôATô ANôEXTREMELYôLOWôPRICEô m ôEUROS ô INCLUDINGôTHEôRIGHTSôOFôPURCHASEôINôITSôPROPERTY

Ó ô!LBERT ô" ô$¶VID ô2 ô3CHUTZMANNô ô#S ô:S ô6IZI

ô 4HEôTENANTSôLIVINGôINôTHEôRESIDENTIALôHOUSES AREôCOMPLETELYôOBLIVIOUSôTOôTHEôABOVEô PROCEEDINGS ô4HEYôRECEIVEôNOôINFORMATIONô WHATSOEVERôABOUTôTHEôROOFôBEINGôSOLDôFROMô OVERôTHEIRôHEADS ô4HEôREPRESENTATIVEôOFôTHEô @INVESTOR ôCALLSôONôTHEôTENANTS ôSHOWINGôTHEMô DOCUMENTSôOFôAUTHORISATIONôFROMôTHEôkRMôô ANDôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT ôINFORMINGôTHEMôô THATôTHEYôNEEDôTOôVACATEôTHEIRôlATS ô )NôMOSTôCASES ôTHEôTENANTSôPROTESTôAGAINSTô THEôSALEôOFôTHEIRôBUILDING ôANDôCLAIMôTHEIRôô RIGHTôOFôPRE EMPTIONôREGARDINGôTHEIRôAPARTMENT ô WHICHôISôDENIEDôBYôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT ô /NCEôTHEôPROJECTôkRMôkNDSôAôSERIOUSôBUYER ô ITSôOWNERSHIPôISôPASSEDôONôTOôOFFSHOREôkRMSôô INô#YPRUS ôTHEô3EYCHELLESôORô)RELANDô WITHOUTôô ANYôTRANSFERôOFôMONEY ôWHOôPASSôONôTHEôRIGHTô OFôPURCHASEôTOôMAINLYô)RISHôINVESTORS ô4HEôPUR CHASEôPRICEôPAIDôBYôTHEôINVESTORSôISôAôMULTIPLEô MANYôTIMESôOVERôTHEôVALUEôORIGINALLYôAPPRAISEDô BYôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENT ôTHUS ôTHEôOWNERSôOFô THEôPROJECTôkRMSôACQUIREôENORMOUSôPROkT ô %VENTUALLY ôTHEôLOCALôGOVERNMENTôENDSôUPô SELLINGôTHEôPROPERTYôFORôASôMUCHôASôITôCOSTô TOôRELOCATEôTHEôTENANTS ôTHUSôRELINQUISHINGô OWNERSHIPôOFôTHEôBUILDING ôWHILEôBEINGôLEFTôô WITHôVIRTUALLYôZEROôRETURNôONôTHEôSALE ô-EANWHILE ô THEôPROJECTôkRMSôACQUIREôANôABUNDANTôPROkTô DESPITEôSELLINGôTHEôBUILDINGSôBELOWôMARKETô VALUE ô4HEôOUTCOME ôOWNERSHIPôOFôTHEôBUILDINGSô ISôPASSEDôINTOôFOREIGNôHANDS ôANDôAôPARTôOFôô THISôWORLDôHERITAGEôISôDESTROYEDôTOôGIVEôPLACEô TOôMODERN ôFEATURELESSôBUILDINGS


/NôTHEô4RACEôOFôTHEô2ING

0RESENTLY ôTHEôABOVEôCASEôISôBEFOREôTHEôCOURT ôANDô NUMEROUSôPOLITICIANSôANDôBUSINESSMENôHAVEôBEENô ARRESTED ô)NVESTIGATIONôISôUNDERWAYôINôTHEôCASEôOFôô ôBUILDINGSôINôALL ô 7EôHOPEôTHATôSOCIALôNETWORKôVISUALISATIONôHASôô HELPEDôUSôRENDERôTHEôSTORYôOFôTHEôSALEôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREETô ômô ôVISIBLEôANDôMOREôCOMPREHENSIBLEôEVENôFORôô THOSEôPERSONALLYôNOTôINVOLVED ô7EôBELIEVEôTHISô@CLARITYôô OFôVISION ôPROVIDESôIMPORTANTôANDôUSEFULôKNOWLEDGEôô FORôALL ô

ÓD¶Mô!LBERT

(UNTôTHEô+EY ô GLOBALISATIONôANDôREALôESTATEô ONôTHEô@MOSTôEMBLEMATICô "UDA 0ESTôSTREET 2UNNINGôONôTHEôBORDERSôô OFôTHEô THôANDô THôDISTRICTô OFô"UDAPEST ô+IR¶LYô3TREETôô WASôFAMOUSLYôCALLEDôINôô THEôPASTôCENTURYô@THEôMOSTôô EMBLEMATICô "UDA 0ESTô STREET ôBYôTHEôWRITERô'YULAô +R DY ô4HEôNEOCLASSICALô BUILDINGSôONô+IR¶LYô 3TREETômôSOMEôOFôTHEMô BELONGôINGôTOôTHEôNATIONALôHERITAGEôLISTômôNOWôALLôAWAITô RENOVATIONôORôDEMOLITION ô!MONGSTôOTHERS ô ô ô ô+IR¶LYô 3TREET ôTHREEôNATIONALLYô@PROTECTED ôBUILDINGSôADJACENTôô TOôEACHôOTHERôAREôFORôSALE ô 4HISôVISUALISATIONôISôBASEDôONô ôNEWSPAPERôARTICLESô PUBLISHEDôSINCEô ôINô ôDIFFERENTôPAPERS ôWRITTENôBYô JOURNALISTSôCOMMITTEDôTOôMETICULOUSôRESEARCHôONôSOMEô OFôTHESEôPROCESSESôANDôMANIPULATIONSôOFôTHEôINCREASINGô GLOBALISATIONôOFô+IR¶LYô3TREET ô!NALYSISôOFôTHEôRELATIONSHIPô OFôDIFFERENTôCOMPANIES ôkRMSôANDôPEOPLEôWHOôWEREôIN VOLVEDôINôONEôWAYôORôANOTHERôINôTHEôPROCEDUREôOFôSELLINGô THESEôREAL ESTATEôREVEALôAôVASTLYôCOMPLEXôNETWORK ô4HEô VISUALISATIONôDISPLAYSôPEOPLE SôANDôCOMPANIES ôAFkLIATIONSô DIFFERENTLY ôAIMINGôTOôREVEALôAôPARTICULARôKINDôOFôPOWER ô DECODINGôAôCONVOLUTED ôNOTôATôALLôTRANSPARENTôPROCESSôWHICHô ôHASôBEENôAPPLIEDôINôOTHERô ôCASESôINôTHEôPASTô ôYEARSô ALONGô+IR¶LYô3TREETôINô"UDAPEST


(UNTôTHEôKEY ô GLOBALISATIONôANDôREALôESTATEô ONôTHEô@MOSTôEMBLEMATICô "UDA 0ESTôSTREET

(UNTôTHEô+EY

ÓD¶Mô!LBERT


-IKL¥Sô3UR¶NYI

4EMPORARILYôô )NHABITEDô3PACE


4EMPORARILYô)NHABITEDô3PACE

! 0 0 % . $ 7ITHôTHEôUPSôANDôDOWNSôô OFôTHEôREAL ESTATEôMARKET ô THEôBALANCEôBETWEENôô SUPPLYôANDôDEMANDôOFôô RESIDENTIAL ôOFkCEôANDôRETAILô SPACESôOFTENôBECOMESôô UNSETTLED ô4HEôAPARTMENTSô TURNEDôINTOôOFkCESôINô BOOMôTIMES ôANDôSHOPSô DEVELOPEDôINTOôDWELLINGSô INôTIMESôOFôSHORTAGEôAREô ALLôSIGNSôOFôTHISôDIS EQUILIBRIUM ô+IR¶LYô3TREETôô ANDôITSôSURROUNDINGS ô ACCOMMODATINGôVARIOUSôô

FRONTLINESôBETWEENôCON TRASTINGôVISIONSôOFôTHEôô CITY ôHASôLONGôFUNCTIONEDôô ASôTHEôMOSTôIMPORTANTô TERRAINôTOôTESTôTHEôPOSSI BILITIESôTOôUSEôSPACESô DIFFERENTLYôFROMôTHEôPUR POSESôFORôWHICHôTHEYôWEREô ORIGINALLYôBUILT ô $ESERTEDôRESIDENTIALô BUILDINGS ôABANDONEDô GARAGESôANDôWAREHOUSES ô DISUSEDôSCHOOLSôANDô COMMUNITYôEDIkCESôHAVEô BECOMEôFERTILEôGROUNDôFORô

CULTURALôEXPERIMENTATION ô )NôHISôSERIES ô-IKL¥Sô 3UR¶NYIôTRACESôTHEôWAYô CULTURALôUSEôOVERWRITESô ANDôRE CALIBRATESôINDUS TRIAL ôRESIDENTIALôANDô COMMERCIALôUNITS ô,OSTô CLOTHES ôFOUNDôOBJECTS ô ARBITRARYôINSTALLATIONS ôANDô ACCIDENTALôCOMPOSITIONSô ALLôREVEALôMOMENTSôOFô STABILITYôANDôIMBALANCEôô INôTEMPORARILYôINHABITEDô SPACES

) 8


"IOGRAPHIES ô ÓD¶Mô!LBERTô ISôANôARTIST ôLIVINGôANDôWORKINGôINô "UDAPEST ô(EôGRADUATEDôFROMôTHEô (UNGARIANô5NIVERSITYôOFô&INEô!RTSô "UDAPEST ôANDôHEôISôCURRENTLYô WORKINGôONôHISô$,!ôDISSERTATIONô ATôTHEôDOCTORALôPROGRAMMEôATô (5&! ô(ISôWORKSôFOCUSôONôTHEô FOLLOWINGôCONCEPTS ôGALLERYôômôôPUBLICô SPACE ôARTômôREALITY ôANDôPOPULARô CULTUREômôHIGHôCULTURE ô(ISôWORKSô ADDRESSôCURRENTôSOCIALôANOMALIESôô ANDôHIGHLIGHTôISSUESôSUCHôASôPUBLICô SPACEôASôPRIVATEôSPACEô SOMEONE Sô PRIVATEôSPACE ôSURVEILôLANCEô PRIVACYô POLICY ô(EôUSESôSEMANTICALLYôCON DENôSEDôANDôPURIkEDôIMAGES ôPECULIARô PICTOGRAMS ôSPECIALôlOWCHARTS ôHISô WORKSôAREôMAINLYôCHARACTERISEDôBYô MINIMALISTôAESTHETICS ô ô 'AB¥ô"ARTHA S LATESTôFORMôOFôPREOCCUPATIONôWITHôFOODôô ANDôFASHIONôISôMARKETôACTIVISM ô3HEôô ISôAôFOUNDINGôMEMBERôOFôAôNEIGHBOUR HOODôACTIVISTôGROUPôWORKINGôTOôSAVE ô RAISEôAWARENESSôOFôANDôIMPROVEôAô FARMERS ôMARKETôINôDOWNTOWNô"UDAPEST ôô 3HEôHASôEXHIBITEDôWORKôANDôWRITTENôô RELATEDôTOôTHISôANDôRECENTLYôCO ôORGANI SEDôAôGROUPôSHOWôABOUTôFOODôMARKETS ô 3HEôHASôAôBACKGROUNDôINôARTôHISTORY ô ô 0EDROô#IDô0ROEN±A ô3OPHIEôô ô $EMAYô ô!FONSOô$UARTE AREôAô,USO &RENCHôGRAPHICôDESIGNô ENSEMBLE ô4HEYôMETôWHILEôSTUDYINGô ATôTHEô2OYALô#OLLEGEôOFô!RT ô4HEYô HAVEôSINCEôBEENôINVOLVEDôINôVARIOUSô PROJECTS ôSUCHôASôPRODUCINGôAôBOOKôô INôAôGALLERYôSPACE ôANôINTERNATIONALô NON SCHOOL ôAôCINEMAôBUILDINGôWORK SHOPôANDôANôITINERANTôBOOKSHOP ô WWW CESTDUDIGITAL INFO ô $ERSô#SABAô GAINEDôSPATIALôINTELLIGENCEôASôANô ARCHIôTECTôkRST ô2EALISEDôTHEôLIMITSôOFô HISôSPATIALôAPPROACHôONôURBANôSCALEô ASôAôVISITINGôRESEARCHERôINô#OLUMBIAô 5NIVERSITYôWITHôTHEôSUPPORTôOFôô THEô&ULBRIGHTô'RANT ô'OTôAôVALUABLEô

INSIGHTôABOUTôTHEôPRODUCTIONôOFôURBANôô SYSTEMSôINô"ARTLETT ô5#, ô!SôAôFREE LANCERôADVISOR ôCURRENTLYôHEôISôWORKINGô ONôTHEôEMERGINGôDEVELOPMENTôMODELô OFôTHEô$ANUBEô3TRATEGYôOFô"UDAPEST ô ô 4«MEAô#SABAô ISôANôARCHITECT ôURBANISTôANDôCURATORô BASEDôINô6IENNA ô7ORKINGôALWAYSôô INôINTERDISCIPLINARYôkELDS ôSHEôISôFOCUS INGôONôMOVEMENTôSTRATEGIES ôFROMôô THEôBIGGESTôSCALEôASôTHEôMIGRATIONôOFô URBANôPOPULATION ôTILLôTHEôSMALLESTô DETAILôASôTHEôPLAYôOFôkNGERTIPSôINôANô EMPTYôROOM ô3HEôISôFOUNDINGôMEMBERô ANDôMEMBERôOFôTHEôCURATORôBOARDô ATô+Ì+ôômôô(UNGARIANô#ONTEMPORARYô !RCHITECTUREô#ENTRE ô ô "E¶TAô$¶VIDô 0H $ ôSOCIOLOGIST ôSENIORôRESEARCHERô ATôTHEô)NSTITUTEôOFô3OCIOLOGICALô 2ESEARCHôOFôTHEô(UNGARIANô!CADEMYô OFô3CIENCESô -4!ô3:+) ôPROFESSORô ATôTHEô6ESZPR¯Mô#OLLEGEôOFô4HEOLOGY ô !REASôOFôRESEARCH ôSOCIALôNETWORK ô SOCIOLOGYôOFôHEALTH ôSOCIALôCOHESIONô ANDôFAMILYôSOCIOLOGY ô ô "AHBAKô(ASHEMI .EZHADô HASôAôBACKGROUNDôINôINDUSTRIALôDESIGNô ANDôPHOTOGRAPHY ôDEVELOPINGôFROMôô ANôEARLYôSTAGEôAôSTRONGôINTERESTôINôTHEô ROLEôOFôIMAGESôANDôREPRESENTATIONô WITHINôPRODUCTôDESIGN ô)Nô ôHEô MOVEDôTOô,ONDONôTOôSTUDYôATôTHEôô 2OYALô#OLLEGEôOFô!RT ôWHEREôHEôRECEIVEDô HISô-!ôINôPRODUCTôDESIGNôUNDERôTHEô GUIDANCEôOFô*URGENô"EY ô(EôHASôSINCEôô SETôUPôHISôOWNôSTUDIOôANDôHASôCON DUCTEDôANDôCOLLABORATEDôONôNUMEROUSô INTERNATIONALôDESIGNôPROJECTSôWHICHô HAVEôEXHIBITEDôINô3YDNEY ô-ILAN ô "ARCELONA ô4OKYO ô!MSTERDAMôANDô ,ONDON ô"AHBAKôLIVESôANDôWORKSôô INô%ASTô,ONDON ô ô WWW BH N COMô ô %DWINô(EATHCOTEô ISôANôARCHITECT ôCRITICôANDôDESIGNERô LIVINGôANDôWORKINGôINô,ONDON ôô (EôISôTHEô!RCHITECTUREôANDô$ESIGNô


ô"IOGRAPHIES

#RITICôOFô4HEô&INANCIALô4IMESôANDô THEôAUTHORôOFôOVERôAôDOZENôBOOKSôONô ARCHITECTUREôINCLUDINGô,ONDONô#AFFS ô 4HEATRE ô,ONDONôANDô"UDAPEST ôô !ô'UIDEôTOô4WENTIETHô#ENTURYôô !RCHIôTECTURE ô(EôISôHALFô(UNGARIANô ANDôHASôLIVEDôANDôWORKEDôINô"UDAPEST ô )Nô ôHEôFOUNDEDôHARDWAREô MANUFACTURERô@IZ¯ ôAôWORDôWHICHô MEANSô@THINGY ôINô(UNGARIAN ô ô (OUSEôOFô*ONNô (OUSEôOFô*ONNôISô*ORDANô(ODGSON ô .IALLô'ALLACHERôANDô.IXOLASô,OBOô "RENNAN ô4HEYôMETôWHILEôSTUDYINGô !RCHITECTUREôATôTHEô2#!ôANDôFORMEDô (OUSEôOFô*ONNôINô,ONDONôINô ô 4HEYôHAVEôWORKEDôATôVARIOUSôINTER NATIONALôARCHITECTUREôPRACTICESôINô ,ONDON ô.EWô9ORK ô3´Oô0AULO ôANDô : RICH ô4HEIRôWORKôWORKôISôCONCERNEDô WITHôARCHITECTUREôASôAôCULTURALôPRACTICEô ANDôTHEôCOMPLEXôEXIGENCIESôOFôTHEô CONTEMPORARYôCITY ô4HESEôCONCERNSô ENCOMPASSôBOTHôTHEôEVERYDAYôANDô POSSIBLEôALTERNATIVES ô4HEIRôWORKô INCLUDESôBOTHôBUILTôSTRUCTURESôANDô IMAGES ôANDôISôPRODUCEDôOUTôOFôAôNONô DOGMATICôDESIGNôPROCESS ô ô WWW HOUSEOFJONN COMô ô "¯LAô+¶LIô ISôANôARCHITECT ôPROJECTôMANAGERôô OFô$UTCHôARCHITECTô+ASô/OSTERHUIS ô LATESTôWORK ôTHEô#%4 "UDAPESTô PROJECT ô(EôGRADUATEDôFROMô5,"ô 5NIVERSITYôOFô"RUSSELS ô6ICTORôô (ORTAô$EPARTMENTôOFô!RCHITECTURE ô #URRENTLYôHEôISôUNDERTAKINGôHISôô -3CôINô2EALô%STATE ô0ROPERTYô)NVEST MENTôANDô-ANAGEMENTôATô4ECHNICALô 5NIVERSITYôOFô"UDAPESTôANDô4RENTô 5NIVERSITYôOFô.OTTINGHAM ôWRITINGôHISô THESISôONôTHEôREHABILITATIONôPOSôSIBI LITIESôOFôTHEôOLDô*EWISHô1UARTERôô OFô"UDAPEST ô(EôTEACHESôCONTEMôPO RARYôARCHITECTUREôANDôINTERIORôDESIGNôô ATô7ERKô!CADEMY ô"UDAPEST ô ô ô 'ERGELYô+OV¶CSô ISôANôARCHITECTôWORKINGôINô,ONDON ô (EôSTUDIEDôINô"UDAPESTôANDôATôTHEô

!RCHITECTURALô!SSOCIATIONôINô,ONDONô WHEREôHEôISôRUNNINGôWORKSHOPSô CURRENTLY ô(ISôRECENTôPROJECTôEXPLORINGô THEôSPATIALôIMPLICATIONSôOFôTHEôPOLITICSô OFôNEUTRALITYôHASôWONôSEVERALôAWARDSô ANDôBEENôPUBLISHEDôWIDELY ô ô 0¯TERô,OWASô ISôANôARTISTôANDôACTIVISTôLIVINGôANDô WORKINGôINô"ERLINôANDô0¯CS ô(UNGARY ô 'RADUATEDôATôTHEô#OMMUNICATIONôANDô -EDIAô$EPARTMENTôATôTHEô5NIVERSITYôô OFô0¯CS ô#O ôFOUNDERôOFô3M!RT ôAôCULTURALô ôPROJECTôWHEREôHEôHASôORGANISEDô EXPERIMENTALôVIDEOô ôkLMôFESTIVALSôANDô ARTôEVENTSôINô0¯CS ô(EôISôAôMEMBERôô OFô,ADAôPROJECT ôISôAô"ERLINôBASEDôARTISTô RUNôBRANDôFROMô ô(ISôWORKSôAREô BASEDôONôFOUNDôOBJECTSôANDôFOOTAGESô ASôWELLôASôONôSITUATIVEôINSTALLATIONSô ADDRESSINGôTHEôIDEAôOFôPERIPHERY ôWASTEôô ANDôHERMENEUTICôTHINKING ô ô %MOKEô+EREKESô ô!NNAô-¥ZESô %MOKEôISôAô4RANSILVANIANôBORNôPHOTO GRAPHERôBASEDôINô"UDAPEST ô'RADUATEDôô FROMô-OHOLYô ô.AGYô5NIVERSITYôOFô!RTôô ANDô$ESIGNô"UDAPEST ôWITHôAô"ACHELORô OFô0HOTOGRAPHYôDEGREEôINô ô!NNAôô WASôBORNôINô"UDAPEST ôSTUDIESôANIMA TIONôATôTHEô-OHOLYô ô.AGYô5NIVERSITYôOFô !RTSôANDô$ESIGN ô ,¶SZL¥ô-UNTE¶N ISôAô0H $ ôCANDIDATEôINô!MERICANô 3TUDIESôATô%¢TV¢Sô,OR¶NDô5NIVERSITY ô (UNGARY ôWRITINGôHISôDISSERTATIONôô ONôTHEôCOMMEMORATIONôOFô ô ô ôINô LITERATUREôANDôTHEôkNEôARTS ô3INCEô ô HEôHASôBEENôASSISTANTôPROFESôSORôATôô THEô$EPARTMENTôOFô%NGLISHôATôô 0¶ZM¶NYô0¯TERô#ATHOLICô5NIVERSITY ô (UNGARY ô(EôTEACHESô THô#ENTURYô !MERICANô,ITERATUREôANDô!MERICANô !RCHITECTURALô(ISTORY ô(EôALSOôTEACHESô (UNGARIANô!RCHITECTURALô(ISTORYô TOôARCHITECTUREôSTUDENTSôFROMôTHEô 5NIVERSITYôOFô3ANô&RANCISCOôSTUDYINGô INô"UDAPEST ô(ISôkELDSôOFôINTERESTSô INCLUDEôURBANôSPACEôANDôMEMORIALS ô INTERRELATIONSôOFôTEXTôANDôIMAGE ô

"IOGRAPHIES THôCENTURYô%NGLISHôANDô!MERICANô LITERATURE ôANDôVISUALôCULTURE ô ô $EEPAô.AIKô HASôWORKEDôWITHôPUBLICôWORKS ô!RTôFORô #HANGEôANDôTHEô3ERPENTINEô'ALLERY ô ANDôHASôCOô ôORDINATEDôSPECIALôPROJECTSô WITHô)RITô2OGOFFô 'OLDSMITHS ôINCLUDING ô $E 2EGULATIONô -U(+!ô ô(ERZLIYAô -USEUMôOFô#ONTEMPORARYô!RTô ô "ERLINô ô! # ! $ % - 9 ô,EARNINGô FROMôTHEô-USEUMô 6ANô!BBEMUSEUMô ô35--)4 ôNON ALIGNEDôINITIATIVESô INôEDUCATIONôCULTUREô -ULTITUDEôE 6 ô ôANDô%YEô7ITNESSô#ONFERENCEô "IRKBECKô3CHOOLôOFô,AWô ô'UESTôô LECTURESôINCLUDEôTHEô$UTCHô!RTô)NSTITUTE ôô !RTô ô!RCHITECTURE ô#HELSEAô#OLLEGEôOFôô !RT ô3HEôISôCURRENTLYôEDITINGô#ASTINGô/FF ôô .EWô*OURNEYSôINô6ISUALô#ULTUREô ô 4RENTONô/LDkELD Sô WORKôISôPRE OCCUPIEDôWITHôCITIESôô INCLUDINGôFORMALôWORKôWITHINôGOVERN MENT ôCULTURALôANDôENVIRONMENTALô AGENCIESôANDôPERSONALôPRACTICEôASô WELLôASôkLM ôPUBLICôARTôCOMMISSIONS ô RESEARCHôANDôGUESTôLECTURING ôô (EôWASô#OORDINATORôOFôTHEô4HAMESô 3TRATEGYômô+EWôTOô#HELSEA ô0ROJECTô -ANAGERôATô#ITYSIDEô2EGENERATION ôô Aô#OMMUNITYô$EVELOPMENTô7ORKERôô INô.ORTHô+ENSINGTON ôANDôACTIVEôONôTHEôô BOARDSôOFôTHEô7ESTWAYô$EVELOPMENTôô 4RUST ô,ONDONô#ITIZENSôANDô3UBTEXT ô (EôISôCURRENTLYôWRITINGôAôBOOKôONôTHEô SOCIOô ôPOLITICALôHISTORYôOFôFENCESôANDô THEIRôCONTEMPORARYôDEPLOYMENTôINô ,ONDON SôPUBLICôSPHERES ô ô ,EVENTEô0OLY¶Kô ISôLECTURERôATôTHEô-OHOLYô ô.AGYô 5NIVERSITYôOFô!RTôANDô$ESIGNôANDôATôTHEôô "UDAPESTô5NIVERSITYôOFô4ECHNOLOGYô WHEREôHEôTEACHESôURBANôSTUDIESôANDô ARCHITECTURALôTHEORY ô,EVENTEôHASô WORKEDôONôURBANôPROJECTSôFORôTHEô .EWô9ORK ô0ARIS ô"UDAPESTôANDô0¯CSô MUNICIPALITIES ôANDôASôCO FOUNDERôOFô THEô+Ì+ô ô(UNGARIANô#ONTEMPORARYô !RCHITECTUREô#ENTRE ôHEôHASôORGANIZEDô CONFERENCESôANDôEXHIBITIONSôONô

CONTEMPORARYôURBANôPHENOMENA ô (ISôTHEORETICALôWORKôFOCUSESôONôTHEô INTERSECTIONSôOFôART ôARCHITECTURE ô URBANISM ôGEOGRAPHYôANDôCINEMA ô 0¯TERô2¶KOSIô ô4EHNICAô3CHWEIZ STUDIEDô6ISUALô#OMMUNICATIONôATôTHEô -OHOLYô ô.AGYô5NIVERSITYôOFô!RTSôANDô $ESIGN ô3INCEô ôHISôPHOTOGRAPHYô HASôBEENôEXHIBITEDôINô"UDAPESTôASô WELLôASôINTERNATIONALLY ô3INCEô ôHEô WORKEDôTOGETHERôWITHô,¶SZL¥ô'ERGELYô PHOTOGRAPHERôASô4EHNICAô3CHWEIZ ô POSINGôQUESTIONSôABOUTôTHEôACTIVEô PARTICIPATIONôOFôSMALLôCOMMUNITIESô ANDôINTERPERSONALôRELATIONSHIPSôINô THEôWIDERôSOCIETY ô4HEYôAREôMEMBERSô OFô0/#ô 0IECEôOFô#AKE %UROPEANô NETWORKôFORô#ONTEMPEORARYô)MAGES ô SINCEô ô ô 2¯KAô3CHUTZMANNô ISôAôSOCIALôWORKERôWHOôOBTAINEDôô HERôDIPLOMAôINô ôONôTHEô#OLLEGEôô OFô4HEOLOGYôINô6ESZPR¯M ô3HEôRECEIVEDôô THEô3CHOLARSHIPôOFôTHEô2EPUBLICô OFô(UNGARYôINô ô#URRENTLYôSHEô ISôAôSTUDENTôATôTHEô%¢TV¢Sô,¥R¶NDô 5NIVERSITY ô"UDAPESTô SOCIALôPOLICY ô ô !LLANô3IEGELô STUDIEDôINITIALLYôARCHITECTUREôBUTô BECAMEôINVOLVEDôINôTHEôEXPERIMENTALô kLMMAKINGôMOVEMENTôANDôSUBôSE QUENTLYôAôFOUNDINGôMEMBERôOFôTHEô DOCUMENTARYôkLMôCOLLECTIVEô.EWSREELô ANDôTHENôWASôAôCOô ôDIRECTORôOFô4HIRDô 7ORLDô.EWSEEL ô"ESIDESôWORKINGôô ASôAôkLMMAKERôHEôISôALSOôAôVISUALô MEDIAôARTIST ôWRITERôANDôTEACHER ôô (ISôkLMSôHAVEôBEENôPRESENTEDôATôô MAJORôFESTIVALSôINô.ORTHô!MERICA ô %UROPEôANDô!SIAôANDôHISôVISUALôMEDIAô ATôEXHIBITIONSôINô"UDAPEST ô0¯CS ô #HICAGO ô.EWô9ORK ô#HELTENHAMôô ANDô-ONTREAL ô(EôTAUGHTôFORôMANYôô YEARSôATôTHEô3CHOOLôOFôTHEô!RTô)NSTITUTEôô OFô#HICAGOôANDôLECTUREDôATôOTHERô UNIôVERôSITIESôINôTHEô5NITEDô3TATES ô #URRENTLYôHEôISôAôLECTURERôINôTHEô )NTERMEDIAô$EPARTMENTôATôTHEô (UNGARIANô5NIVERSITYôOFô&INEô!RTSôô


"IOGRAPHIES

ANDôANô!SSOCIATEô%DITORôOFôTHEôJOURNALô !24-ARGINS ô ô %SZTERô3TEIERHOFFERô ISôANôARTôHISTORIANôANDôCURATORôBASEDô INô,ONDON ô3HEôISôAôGRADUATEôOFôTHEô #URATINGô#ONTEMPORARYô!RTô-!ôATôTHEô 2OYALô#OLLEGEôOFô!RTôANDôPREVIOUSLYô STUDIEDôARTôHISTORYôINô"UDAPESTô ANDôINô)TALY ôFOCUSINGôONô THôANDô STôCENTURYôARTôANDôARCHITECTURE ô (ERôCURRENTôRESEARCHôCONCENTRATESô ONôAôCRITICALôAPPROACHôTOôCURATINGô ARCHITECTURE ô!TôPRESENTôSHEôISôô DIôRECTINGôTHEô!RTô.ETWORKô!GENCYô 0ROGRAMôATôTHEô(UNGARIANô#ULTURALô #ENTREôINô,ONDON ô ô -IKL¥Sô3UR¶NYIô GRADUATEDôFROMôTHEô5NIVERSITYôOFôô &INEô!RTSôINô"UDAPESTôANDôWORKEDôONô DIGITALôANDôVIDEOôPROJECTSôANDôSEVERALô EXHIBIôTIONSôORIENTEDôTOWARDSôDIGITALôART ô 3INCEô ôHEôISôWORKINGôEXCLUSIVELYô WITHôTHEôMEDIAôOFôPHOTOGRAPHY ô)Nô ôô HEôWASôAWARDEDôTHEô0¯CSIô*¥ZSEFôô 'RANTôFORô0HOTOGRAPHY ôEVERôSINCEôHEôô EXHIBITEDôWIDELYôINô"UDAPEST ô)NôHISôô SERIESôOFôPHOTOGRAPHSôHEôISôBUILDINGôUPôô AôSTRONGôCONNECTION ôAôQUASIô ôNARRATIVEô CONTEXTôBETWEENôPICTURES ôYETôHEôASPIRESôô TOôHAVEôAôSTORYôINHERENTôALSOôINô INDIVIDUALôIMAGES ô ô ô #SILLAô:SUZSANNAô6IZLô WASôBORNôINô ô(UNGARY ô2ECEIVEDô THEô(UNGARIANô2EPUBLICANô3CHOLARSHIPô INô ô/BTAINEDôAôDIPLOMAôINô ôô ONôTHEô#OLLEGEôOFô4HEOLOGYôINô6ESZPR¯Môô ASôSOCIALôWORKER ô#URRENTLYôSHEôISôAô STUDENTôONôTHEô3EMMELWEISô5NIVERSITY ô "UDAPESTô SOCIALôWORKER ô

"IOGRAPHIES


"IOGRAPHIES

"IOGRAPHIES


!CKNOWLEDGEMENTS

7ITHôTHANKSôTOôTHEôAUTHORS ôARTISTS ô ARCHITECTS ôDESIGNERS ôTRANSLATORSôANDô ALLôPARTICIPANTS ô3PECIALôTHANKSôTOô*OHNô -AC$ONALD ô#ECILIAô&ADUOLA ô,EIGHô 'RAVENOR ô%DWARDô1UIGLEY ô3HELLEYNAô 2AHMANôANDô-ARCOô4ORQUATIôFROMô THEô#HURCHô3TREETô.EIGHBORHOODô -ANAGEMENTô4EAM ôTOô!LASTAIRô2UDDô WITHOUTôWHOMôWEôWOULDôHAVEôNEVERô FOUNDôOURôWAYôTOô#HURCHô3TREET ô 4HANKSôTOôTHEôWHOLEôTEAMôOFôTHEô (UNGARIANô#ULTURALô#ENTRE ôESPECIALLYô TOô)LDIK¥ô4AK¶CSôANDô(ANNAô+ISSôô FORôTHEIRôSUPPORTôANDôASSISTANCE ôô &ORôTHEIRôGENEROUSôHELPôTHANKSôTOô 'ERGELYô+OV¶CS ô+RISZTI¶Nô-IZUN ô %SZTERô'ER¢ ô4HEODOREô4HYSIADEôANDô "ENô&REEMAN ô4HANKSôTOô.ICHOLASô ,OBO "RENNANôANDô"AHBAKô(ASHEMI .EZHADôFORôTHEIRôEXTRAORDINARYôDEDI CATIONôANDôINVOLVEMENT ô&ORôTHEIRô ADVICEôANDôCONTRIBUTIONôWEôTHANKô !NNAô0ERCZEL ô-¶TY¶Sô3¶RK¢ZI ô!TTILAô &¶BRI ô:SOLTô3Z«J¶RT¥ ô-¶RTONô3ZUHAY ô .¥RAô3OMLY¥DY ô2ITAô6ARGA ôÌVAô +OV¶CS ô*ACKô4AN ô*ANNAô'RAHAMôANDô !MALô+HALAF 2ESEARCHôMATERIALôFORôTHEô!NATOMYô OFôAô3TREETôPROJECTôWASôCOLLECTEDô ANDôORGANISEDôBYôSTUDENTSôOFôTHEô 3OCIOLOGYôANDô#OMMUNICATIONô $EPARTMENTôATôTHEô"UDAPESTô5NIVERSITYôô OFô4ECHNOLOGYôANDôSTUDENTSôOFôTHEô )NSTITUTEôOFô4HEORYôINôTHEô-OHOLY .AGYô 5NIVERSITYôOFô!RTSôANDô$ESIGN ô 3TUDENTSôOFôTHEô)NSTITUTEôOFô4HEORYôô INôTHEô-OHOLY .AGYô5NIVERSITYôOFô!RTSô ANDô$ESIGN ô3¶NDORô"AL¶ZS ô!NNAô "AL¶ZS ô*UDITô"ALOGH ô4AM¶Sô"UTORA ô $¥RIô$OBI ô$¶NIELô%KE ô4«MEAô&ERTH ô +RISZTI¶Nô!NDR¶Sô'A¶L ô/LIV¯Rô(ORV¶TH ô *UDITô(USZ¶R ô%MOKEô+EREKES ô*OHANNAô +¥BOR ô!NNAô-¥ZES ôÓD¶Mô.¯METH ô 0¯TERô,¶SZL¥ô2¶KOSI ô"EATRIXô3IMK¥ ô :OLT¶Nô3ZAB¥ ô$¶NIELô3ZOLL OSI ô"AL¶ZSô 3 ô4¥TH ô:S¥kAô4¢R¢K ôÓD¶Mô5LBERT 3TUDENTSôOFôTHEô3OCIOLOGYôANDô #OMMUNICATIONô$EPARTMENTôATôTHEô "UDAPESTô5NIVERSITYôOFô4ECHNOLOGY

,AURAô!NDR¶SFAY ô'ABRIELLAô!UGUSZT ô 'Y¢NGYV¯Rô"ALOG ô4AM¶Sô"OROS ô ,¶SZL¥ô"AL¶ZSô#SIZIK ô2¥BERTô#ZIT¶N ô %DITô&¶BI¶N ô4AM¶Sô&¶BI¶N ô'ABRIELLAô &ARKAS ô:SUZSANNAô&RITZ ô4AM¶Sô 'RAY ô!NITAô(EGED S ô-¶TL¯ô(OLLAI ô *UDITô*UH¶SZ ô$¶NIELô+ARV¶SZ ô:ITAô +RISZTINAô+ISP¶L ô*UDITô+LEIN ô3AROLTAô /LGAô+OCSI ô&RANCISKAô+OLL¶R ô+RISZTINAô %SZTERô+OML¥S ô-¶RTAô+OV¶CH ô%DINAô +UCSELATA ô,¯NAô,IPT¶K ô!NETTô,OV¶SZI ô 6IKT¥RIAô-¶RKUS ô+ATALINô-AVR¶K ôô 'L¥RIAô-¯SZ¶ROS ô$¯LIAô-OLN¶R ô+RISZTINAôô 2¶DI ô$I¶NAô3ALAMON ô0¯TERô)STV¶Nô 3Z¶NTH¥ ô*ANKAô$¥RAô3ZATM¶RI ô)LDIK¥ô 4ARL¥S ô"E¶TAô6ARGA ,ASTLY ôBUTôBYôNOôMEANSôLEAST ôWEôWOULDôô LIKEôTOôTHANKôTHEôPEOPLEôOFô#HURCHô 3TREETôWHOôGENEROUSLYôGAVEôTHEIRôTIMEô TOôBEôINTERVIEWED

3UPPORTEDôBY


#OLOPHON

4ABLEôOFô#ONTENTS

!NATOMYôOFôAô3TREETôISôAôô TRAVELINGôRESEARCHôPROJECTôANDô EXHIBITIONôCURATEDôBYô,EVENTEôô 0OLY¶Kô ô%SZTERô3TEIERHOFFER %DITEDôBYô,EVENTEô0OLY¶Kô ô%SZTERô 3TEIERHOFFER ô 4RANSLATEDôFROMô(UNGARIANôô BYô$¶NIELô3IPOS 0ROOFREADôBYô!DELEô%ISENSTEIN $ESIGNEDôBYô0EDROô#IDô0ROEN±A ô 3OPHIEô$EMAYô ô!FONSOô$UARTE !LLôIMAGESôCOURTESYôOFôTHEôARTISTS 4EXTSôANDôIMAGESôÚôTHEôAUTHORS ô #HAPTERô 0RINTEDôONôAô2ISOGRAPHôSTENCILô DUPLICATORôINô*UNEô ôATô$ITTOôô 0RESS ô3HACKLEWELLô,ANE ô$ALSTON ô ,ONDON ôINôAôRUNôOFô ôCOPIES ô #HAPTERô 0RINTEDôONô-UNKENô0UREô2OUGHô GSMôANDô GSMôANDôISôSETôINô "ERTHOLDô!KZIDENZô'ROTESKô-EDIUM ô

#HAPTERô) ô ô

%SZTERô3TEIERHOFFERôô ô,EVENTEô0OLY¶K

ô !NATOMYôOFôAô3TREET ôô ô ANôINTRODUCTIONô ô

"AHBAKô(ASHEMI .EZHAD

ô 3UBJECT ô ô 2E ôFURNITUREô ô

(OUSEôOFô*ONN

ô 3UBJECT ô ô 'ALLERYô%PHEMERAô ô

%DWINô(EATHCOTE

ô #HURCHôANDô+ING ô

$EEPAô.AIKô ô4RENTONô/LDkELD

ô 4HEôSURREALôEXPERIENCEôOFôTRYINGôô ô TOôADDRESSôINEQUALITIESôWITHôô ô THEôLOGICôTHATôINCREASEDôTHEM ô

!LLANô3IEGEL

ô .OTESôONôAôSTREETôINôTRANSITION ô

0¯TERô2¶KOSIô ô4EHNICAô3CHWEIZ

ô 3HOP WINDOWS ôANôINVENTORY ô

$ERSô#SABA

"¯LAô+¶LI ô ô #ULS DE SACôOFôTRANSFORMATION ô THEôFATEôOFôCENTRALôQUARTERSôAFTERô ô PRIVATISATION

ô -APPINGôINTERNALôBORDERSôô ô OFô+IR¶LYô3TREET ô ô ô ô ô ô

,¶SZL¥ô-UNTE¶N

ô

'AB¥ô"ARTHAô

4HEôSTREETôASôPALIMPSEST ô THEôDIALECTICSôOFôPRESERVATIONô ANDôDEMOLITIONôINô"UDAPEST Sôô +IR¶LYô3TREET

ô 2E THINKINGôTHEôMARKETPLACE ôô ô AôSTORYôOFôRESISTANCEôANDôô ô ô PROACTIVITY ô ô ôô

ÓD¶Mô!LBERT ô"EAô$¶VID ô2¯KAô3CHUTZMANN ANDô#SILLAô:SUZSANNAô6IZL

ô ô ô ô

/NôTHEôTRACEôOFôTHEôRING GLOBALISATIONôANDôREALôô ESTATEôONôTHEô@MOSTôEMBLEMATIC "UDA 0ESTôSTREET

ô

-IKL¥Sô3UR¶NYI

ô 4EMPORALLYôINHABITEDôSPACE

ô #OMMUNITYômô#OMMUNITYôSPACE

ô !PENDIX

ô

ô

$ESIGNERS

ô

!FTERWORD

0¯TERô,OWASô

ô !LTERNATIVESôOFôACTIVEôLIFEô ô INôTHEôCITYôOFô0¯CS ô

%MOKEô+EREKESô ô!NNAô-¥ZES

ô 6ENDORS ôPORTRAITS ô ô +IR¶LYôSTREET ô"UDAPEST ô


0EDROô#IDô0ROEN±A ô3OPHIEô$EMAYô ô!FONSOô$UARTE

ô &OREWORD !NATOMYôOFôAô3TREETôISôAôTRAVELLINGôEXHIBITIONôANDôON GOINGô RESEARCHôPROJECTôEXPLORINGôSITESôOFôANôACCELERATEDôURBANô TRANSFORMATION ô4HEôkRSTôEVENTôRUNSôFROMôTHEô ô*UNEôTOô THEô ô*ULYô ôINô#HURCHô3TREET ô0ADDINGTON ô,ONDON ôô ô 4HISôPUBLICATIONôDOESôNOTôATTEMPTôTOôREPRESENTôTHATô WHICHôHASôNOTôYETôTAKENôPLACE ôINSTEAD ôTHEôDOCUMENTSô HEREôASSEMBLED ôBOTHôTEXTôANDôIMAGES ôACTôASôAôMAPôOFô THEôTHEORETICALôANDôGEOGRAPHICALôTERRITORIESôINôWHICHôTHEô EXHIBITIONôOCCURS ô %ACHôSTOPôONôTHEôEXHIBITION SôITINERARYôWILLôRESULTô INôAôNEWôITERATIONôOFôTHISôBOOK ôWHICHôSHALLôBEôEXTENDED ô CHAPTERôBYôCHAPTER ôWITHôTHEôDOCUMENTATIONôOFôTHEô PREVIOUSôEVENTôANDôCLUESôASôTOôWHATôMAYôFOLLOW ôTRACINGôAô CHRONOLOGICALôARCHIVEôOFôTHEôEXHIBITION SôPATH ô)TôIS ôINôTHISô SENSE ôANôOBJECTôINôlUX ôTHATôREACTSôTOôITSôCONTEXTôANDôISô INôAôPERMANENTôSTATEôOFôLIMINALITY ôDOCUMENTINGôWHATôJUSTô OCCURREDôWHILE ôSIMULTANEOUSLY ôUNFOLDINGôNEWôPOSSIBLEô BECOMINGSôômôôLIKEôTHEôMOVINGôLANDSCAPESôITôTRIESôTOô CAPTURE


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.