Stage 5 Architecture Portfolio - Semester 2 - 21 by Liam Kieran Rogers

Contents

10 - Urban Intervention 20 - Context + Environmental 34 - Existing Structure 46 - Development Sketches 54 - Programme 60 - Lighting Strategy 74 - Materiality 76 - Proposed Drawings 96 - Case Study 100 - Services + Access 114 - Proposal Development 120 - Proposed Structure

ARB Criteria

GC1 Ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements. GC2 Adequate knowledge of the histories and theories of architecture and the related arts, technologies and human sciences. GC3 Knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design. GC4 Adequate knowledge of urban design, planning and the skills involved in the planning process. GC5 Understanding of the relationship between people and

Amended + Additional work has been created since the final review. This is denoted through the icons below: Additional work Amended work

buildings, and between buildings and their environment, and the need to relate buildings and the spaces between them to human needs and scale. GC6 Understanding of the profession of architecture and the

role of the architect in society, in particular in preparing briefs that take account of social factors. GC7 Understanding of the methods of investigation and preparation of the brief for a design project. GC8 Understanding of the structural design, constructional and engineering problems associated with building design. GC9 Adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies and the function of buildings so as to provide them with internal conditions of comfort and protection against the climate. GC10 The necessary design skills to meet building users’ requirements within the constraints imposed by cost factors and building regulations. GC11 Adequate knowledge of the industries, organisations, regulations and procedures involved in translating design concepts into buildings and integrating plans into overall planning.

Social Edge

<7500 7,500 to < 10,000 10,000 to < 12,500 12,500 to < 15,000 15,000 to < 17,500 17,500 to < 20,000 20,000 to < 22,500 22,500 to < 25,000 25,000 to < 27,500 2,7500 + indication of leith boundary urban intervention edinburgh crisis centre

S 2

Urban Intervention

Percentage of males with common mental health problems.

Semester 1 Overview - Locating the protagonist GC5 GC6 GC7

What part of Edinburgh people visit Edinburgh Cricis Centre from.

S 2

Environmental

Immediate Site - Leith Docks Analysis GC3 GC4 GC9

Physical Edge

Additional Physical Mapping 1 – The Royal Yacht Britannia 2 – Martello Tower 3 – Imperial Dock Dry 4 – Tern Colony 5 – Quayside Cranes 6 – Hydraulic Crane 7 – Prince of Wales Dry Dock 8 – Alexandra Dry Dock 9 – Victoria Bridge 10 – Imperial Grain Silo 11 – Edinburgh Dry Dock + Pumping House 12 – Commercial Street Warehouses 13 – Malmaison Hotel 14 – The Signal Tower 15 – Bernard Street 16 – The Corn Exchange 17 – Special Protection Area 18 – Prince of Wales Dry Dock 19 – Albert Dock 20 – Edinburgh Dock 21 – Existing Swing Bridge Structures

Map from Semester 1 showing structures of note/importance in the immediate context of the site (black). The map also explored previous ‘leith development framework’ (red), but this analysis was not as existing and therefore was not responded to past this point.

S 2

Urban Intervention

Percentage of males with common mental health problems.

Semester 1 Overview - Creating the programme GC1 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC9

S 2

Environmental

A tram stop is currently being built to the south west of the site providing great direct links to central Edinburgh in addition to the immediate Leith community. The blue outline on the left image indicates the analysis location (right).

Context Considerations - Leith, Edinburgh GC1 GC4 GC6 GC9

The site has great existing access through 3 different routes. The route over the swing bridge would be better suited for pedestrian access. The site boundary is defined by the man made surrounding docks surrounding the granary.

S 2

Environmental

Immediate Site - Leith Docks Analysis GC1 GC3 GC4 GC9

> 12

> 17

> 24

>38 mph

The prevailing wind is strongest in the winter months from the south west. Throughout the rest of the year the wind tends to enter Leith from the north at a reduced speed and consistency. The site plan will need to create wind breaks through foliage and structures to break up the wind from the SW. The wind rose has been rotated to the drawings orientation (left). (Climate Leith, 2021)

S 2

Environmental

Historic Overlay Analysis GC3 GC7 GC9 1850s

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Scale 1:7500 500

Dec 01, 2020 15:24 600

700

800

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1000 m

Projection: British National Grid

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1890s map of Leith Docks. I overlayed further historic maps over this to understand how the docks were constructed over time. 1890s (black) - 1930s (red) overlay analysis. The extension of land that the granary currently sits on has been constructed. (Digimap, 2021)

3 4

1930s (black) - 1950s (red) overlay analysis. The original granary was constructed in the 1950s of reinforced concrete. 1950s (black) - 1970s (red) overlay analysis. Over the next 20 years 3 extensions to the original granary were constructed in addition the further expansion of the docks.

S 2

Environmental

The Habitat Map shows how different vegetation has grown and accumulated around the derelict granary over time. This analysis is useful as its set a precedent to transform the hardstanding to the wider urban farming presented in the programme. (Handbook for phase 1 habitat survey, 2007)

Immediate Site - Habitat Analysis GC3 GC4 GC7 GC8 GC9 GC11

Poor semi-improved grassland (B6)

Bare ground (J4)

Ephemeral - short perennial (J1.3)

S 2

Environmental

Wheat field Precedent GC1 GC2 GC5 GC7 GC9

Urban Wheat Farming

As analysed, most of the site consists of hardstanding with the odd bits of vegetation and grass land. The immediate site would need to be built up in areas to raise the ground level to allow wheat to be grown above the areas of hardstanding. An apt precedent can be seen in Agnes Dene’s prescient New York Wheat field. The fields were grown on a landfill just off wall street which was created when the Twin Towers were built. “Because the landfill was made up of infertile rubble taken from the World Trade Center as it was built, which, as Denes put it, was “full of boulders and rocks and old overcoats and ties,” two inches of fresh soil were shipped in. Then the artist and a crew of volunteers dug 285 furrows in which rows of wheat from North Dakota were planted by hand.”

(Hoban, 2021)

2/3/4

(Hoban, 2021)

S 2

Context

New tram route and bakery locations in wider Leith. GC5 GC6 GC7 GC 11

The granary can reference it’s original use and produce wheat for bread making in Leith. Output of produce from the project. A Historic Edge. Bakery in green and tram way in red.

leith docks + granary aerial

S 2

Environmental

Existing Shadow Diagrams GC1 GC4 GC8 GC9

1 2

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Summer Solstice - 21st June 2021 Internal context. The majority of the granary is made up of silos. Planning application: 11/01005 ‘LBC Report’ Physical Model of silo structure.

S 2

Structure

Existing Reinforced Concrete Plans GC1 GC2 GC3 GC8 GC8 GC9 GC10

Existing Structure

Existing Floor Plans. The largest portion of the volume is made up of existing Silo’s.

S 2

Structure

Existing Site Plan GC1 GC2 GC3 GC8 GC8 GC9 GC10

Existing Roof Plan. The largest portion of the volume is made up of existing Silo’s.

S 2

Structure

Existing Reinforced Concrete Granary- Long Section GC1 GC2 GC3 GC8 GC8 GC9 GC10

Existing long section. The largest portion of the volume is made up of existing Silo’s.

S 2

Structure

Existing Reinforced Concrete Granary- Short Section GC1 GC2 GC3 GC8 GC8 GC9 GC10

Existing short section. The largest portion of the volume is made up of existing Silo’s.

S 2

Structure

Existing Reinforced Concrete Granary- Site Section GC1 GC2 GC3 GC8 GC8 GC9 GC10

S 2

Structure

Historic Use Analysis GC1 GC3 GC7 GC8

Diagrams explaining the original workings of the Granary to create a structural strategy.

S 2

Case Study

Scottish Parliament - Ventilation and Lighting GC1 GC7 GC8 GC9

Scottish Parliament Case Study

As part of a group exercise José Figueira and I studied the MSP building in the Scottish parliament to understand how a contemporary building responds to Edinburgh and have incorporated what we learnt into our own personal projects.

Section through the MSP block detailing natural ventilation and lighting in a shallow plan. This format was applied to the residential accommodation. Originally 1-100.

S 2

Case Study

Scottish Parliament- Materiality and Construction GC1 GC7 GC8 GC9

Exploded isometric of the bay window within the concrete frame. Originally 1-20.

2 3

Hand rendered materials collage showing bespoke timber joinery. Detail of ventilation elements. East facade.

Development Sketches

S 2

Sketch

Landscape sketch - Site plan development. GC1 GC5 GC6 GC8 GC9

Sketched @ A2.

S 2

Sketch

Combining the programme with the Granary. GC1 GC5 GC6 GC8 GC9

Ground floor development plan. Sketched @ A2.

S 2

Sketch

Understanding the Silo structure and introducing voids. GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC8 GC9

Ground floor development plan. Sketched @ A2.

S 2

Programme

Applying semester 1 thinking at the building scale. GC1 GC5 GC6 GC8 GC9

Programme

Adjacency development plan. Sketched @ A2.

S 2

1 2

Structure

Controlled Demolition Diagram GC1 GC 4 GC7 GC9 GC10

Short Section hatched with demolition information. Structure layout will be hatched on all proposed plans and sections. Long Section hatched with demolition information. Structure layout will be hatched on all proposed plans and sections.

Retain with Alterations

Demolition

Partial Demolition

Lighting Strategy

1 // Lower in the plan it is suggested that blinds (see details) and deciduous trees are implemented/planted to reduce direct light in the summer months. 2 // The silos were partially demolished and cut into to create opening to allow light deep into the plan. Voids and courtyards have been utilised at different levels to allow light from all sides. 3 // The roof was extended on the residential units to prevent overheating in the summer months due to the high amount of glazing.

S 2

Application of Study

Exposing the structure - Plan view GC1 GC2 GC6 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Summer Solstice - 8am - No sunlight reaches internal ground level when exposed via demolition.

S 2

Application of Study

Bringing light into the silos - Roof Plan GC1 GC2 GC6 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Summer Solstice - 8am - Proposal comparison demonstrating how light is filtered through the silos via voids + courtyards.

S 2

Application of Study

Exposing the structure - Plan view GC1 GC2 GC6 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Summer Solstice - 12am - No sunlight reaches internal ground level at high sun when exposed via demolition.

S 2

Application of Study

Proposed roof plan- Bringing light In GC1 GC2 GC6 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Summer Solstice - 12am - Proposal comparison demonstrating how light is filtered through the silos via voids + courtyards.

S 2

Application of Study

Exposing the structure - Plan view GC1 GC2 GC6 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Summer Solstice - 4pm - No sunlight reaches internal ground level when exposed via demolition.

S 2

Application of Study

Bringing light into the silos- Roof Plan GC1 GC2 GC6 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Summer Solstice - 4pm - Proposal comparison demonstrating how light is filtered through the silos via voids + courtyards.

S 2

Materiality

Junction between existing and proposed. GC1 GC7 GC8 GC9 GC10

Original detail concept. This has been expanded on in the 1-20 section and diagrams. The materials used include: Existing reinforced concrete, Breather membrane, OPTIM-R super insulation (around steel), 160mm Kingspan, UC Steel structure, Timber cross batons, Timber internal panels in some areas this will be changed to an insulated precast concrete panel.

Zoom in detail of Steel structure retaining the outer silo’s. The steel creates an opportunity to insulate the inner silo structure. See demolition diagram.

GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Sketch showing a section through the residential

GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

S 2

Proposed Ventilation + Heat Strategy

Summer Day - Short Section GC1 GC7 GC8 GC9 GC1 GC7 GC8 GC9

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S 2

Proposed Ventilation + Heat Strategy

Summer Night - Short Section GC1 GC7 GC8 GC9

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S 2

Proposed Ventilation + Heat Strategy Winter Day - Short Section GC1 GC7 GC8 GC9

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S 2

Proposed Ventilation + Heat Strategy

Winter Night - Short Section GC1 GC7 GC8 GC9

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S 2

Proposed Accessibility + Fire Stair Locations 1-250 Ground Floor Plan GC1 GC5 GC6 GC9

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S 2

Proposed Service Space

1-250 Short Section GC1 GC7 GC8

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S 2

Proposed Sound Insulation locations. 1-250 Short Section. GC1 GC5 GC6 GC9

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S 2

Proposed Wider Site Plan NTS

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S 2

Application of Study

Bringing light into the silos - Roof Plan GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Site plan showing planted foliage locations. Walls and raised levels have been used on the site plan to break up the South West and Northern winds. The levels reach a maximum of 1500mm (Ground Floor level) whilst the walls climb to 2300mm to perform as wind breaks. These levels can be seen on the perspective short section.

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S 2

Application of Study

Bringing light into the silos - Short Section GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Levels and site walls reduce wind impact from the North and South West.

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S 2

Application of Study

Bringing light into the silos- Long Section GC1 GC2 GC7 GC8 GC9

The circulation core connects the extension to the original granary and introduces light deep into the plan.

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S 2

Proposed South West GC1 GC2 GC7 GC8 GC9

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S 2

Proposed Wider Site Plan - Axo GC1 GC2 GC7 GC8 GC9

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S 2

Proposed Structure

1-50 Detail of North West Facade @ A0 GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Proposed Structure

I have broken the section down into various scales to help with the reading of the drawing in the portfolio format.

127

S 2

Upper Structure

1-20 Detail of North West Facade @ A0 GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

I have split the detail into 2 x 1-20 details so that it’s more readable at Portfolio scale. Light blue denotes location of Universal Columns. See plan view for further detail.

129

S 2

Lower Structure

I have split the detail into 2 x 1-20 details so that it’s more readable at Portfolio scale. Light blue denotes location of Universal Columns. See plan view for further detail.

1-20 Detail of North West Facade @ A0 GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

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S 2

59 Floor Plan

1-5 Detail of North West Facade @ A0 GC1 GC2 GC5 GC6 GC7 GC8 GC9

Plan view of the 3D structural strategy presented. Typical wall build up.

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Reflective Conclusion

The strongest aspects of my project can be seen in my floor plans. I have spent the last couple of years in practice improving my drafting skills which is far improved from Undergraduate. Whilst the weakest aspect of my project lies in representation of the project as a whole. I took on the challenge of a huge building and got caught up in the vast ocean of detail and perfection. Working remotely this semester was just as challenging as last due to computer issues and being confined to such a small space for such long periods of time, however I believe a lot of the difficulties I have faced recently are actually down to not building a digital 3D model earlier on in the semester. Since the review I have worked tirelessly to try and respond to as much of the criticism as possible, so I would like to think my project was in the region of at least a 68.

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Bibliography

2007. Handbook for phase 1 habitat survey. Peterborough: Joint nature conservation committee.

Digimap.edina.ac.uk. 2021. Digimap. [online] Available at: <https:// digimap.edina.ac.uk/> [Accessed 7 June 2021].

Hoban, P., 2021. Agnes Denes’ Prophetic Wheat field Remains As Relevant As Ever. [online] Architectural Digest. Available at: <https:// www.architecturaldigest.com/story/agnes-denes-prophetic-wheatfieldremains-as-relevant-as-ever> [Accessed 7 June 2021].

Littlefield, D., 2015. Metric handbook. 5th ed. London: Routledge.

meteoblue. 2021. Climate Leith. [online] Available at: <https://www. meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/leith_

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australia_2160367> [Accessed 7 June 2021]. Nytimes.com. 2021. The Woman Who Harvested a Wheat Field Off Wall Street (Published 2018). [online] Available at: <https:// www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/t-magazine/agnes-denes-art.html> [Accessed 7 June 2021].

Pelsmakers, S., n.d. The environmental design pocketbook.