V23I4 (Aug/Sep 2021) by Redstone Media Group

Animal Wellness

CONTENTS August/September 2021

Features 10

1 1 ways to manage pain in dogs and cats

When it comes to managing pain in dogs and cats, these alternative modalities have a lot to offer. Consider trying one of these options before reaching for the pain meds.

11 herbs that are good 21 for dogs — inside and out

Herbs add to your dog’s well-being, whether used in his diet or for healing. These 11 herbs can be incorporated into everything from teas and treats to rinses and salves.

7 fun things to do with your dog this summer

If you’re looking for something to do with your dog this summer, and aren’t sure what’s available as the pandemic winds down, check out this list of seven fun and simple ideas.

ake dog training easier M with nutritional brainboosters

How well your dog can be trained depends not only on the methods you use, but also on how easily he learns. These brain-boosting foods and supplements support his cognition.

Animal Wellness

Columns 14 NUTRIENT HIGHLIGHT

Essential fatty acids for dogs and cats with arthritis Which essential fatty acids (EFAs) do dogs and cats need as supplements, and how do they work to help alleviate the inflammation associated with arthritis?

16 EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

Emotional stress in dogs — part 2 Our dogs can pick up on our stress, so it’s important to be aware of how we’re feeling. Here’s a look at how to relieve emotional stress in ourselves and our canine companions.

20 NUTRITION FACTS The unlikely history of commercial pet food

28 EYE CARE

Keeping your dog’s eyes healthy While many canine eye diseases are “silent”, a rudimentary understanding of eye anatomy, and some of the signs and symptoms to look for, can help you keep your dog’s eyes healthy.

32 NATURAL REMEDY Can turmeric help treat cancer in dogs and cats?

Turmeric is an ancient medicinal spice with an array of healing qualities. It may even be helpful for treating cancer in dogs and cats.

34 GOLDEN YEARS Caring for your senior dog

Being aware of your dog’s changing needs as he ages, and taking steps to accommodate them, will help ensure he enjoys his final years to the fullest.

39 MODALITY HIGHLIGHT

How massage benefits senior dogs and cats

40 FELINE

66 NEED TO

4 steps to littertraining your cat

Mineral deficiencies and chronic illness in dogs

BEHAVIOR

KNOW

Successfully littertraining your new cat or kitten involves several important steps, from choosing the right litter box, to making sure you keep it clean.

62 Why give herbs to pets?

APPROACH

60 ANIMAL ACUPRESSURE

What iridology can tell you about your pet’s health

Acupressuremassage eases cancer treatment side effects in pets

By studying the iris of a dog or cat’s eye, a veterinarian trained in iridology can uncover important details about an animal’s health and well-being.

54 CANCER CARE Is intralesional chemotherapy an option for your dog or cat?

Because it directly targets tumors while bypassing systemic circulation, intralesional chemotherapy produces fewer side effects in dogs and cats than traditional chemo.

Carolyn and Peppe

Natural remedies for ear infections in dogs

59 HEALING WITH HERBS

48 ALTERNATIVE

57 BRIGHT SPOT

68 EAR CARE

If your dog or cat is receiving chemo or other cancer treatments, he may have uncomfortable side effects. These acupressure-massage sessions can ease his discomfort.

62 FOCUS ON CBD CBD and joint supplements — an approach to arthritis in dogs

Find out how CBD, especially when used in conjunction with joint supplements, can help alleviate arthritis and other joint problems in dogs.

Conventional medications for ear infections in dogs can cause side effects and lead to resistant pathogens. These natural remedies offer an effective, non-toxic alternative.

72 GOOD TO HEAR!

Dogs and cats rule!

76 KNOW YOUR CAT

How to enhance the bond between you and your cat Contrary to popular belief, cats enjoy attention and affection too. Here are some tips on enhancing the bond you share with your own kitty.

79 SMART CHOICES

Choosing the right curcumin supplement for your dog

Departments 7 Editorial 27 Recall roundup 43 Newsworthy 46 Product picks

Social Media

80 Classifieds

51 AW Academy

product reviews

81 Marketplace

52 From the NASC 65 Dog days of summer 71 Let’s get social!

81 Events 82 Newsworthy

Tips, contests and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine

Nutrition videos, recipes and more! Animal Wellness Magazine

Tips, pet photos, and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine

Crafts, laughs, and more! AnimalWellness

Animal Wellness

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS VOLUME 23 ISSUE 4

EDITORIAL/CREATIVE DEPARTMENT:

Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Senior Content Editor: Emily Watson Senior Graphic Designer: Dawn Cumby-Dallin Senior Graphic Designer: Alyssa Dow Graphic Design Intern: Ethan Vorstenbosch Digital Marketing Specialist: Cole McCall Digital Marketing Specialist: Jamie McClure Web Design & Development: Lace Imson

COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS:

Sally E. Bahner Suzi Beber, Honoris causa Deana Cappucci, BS, LVT, CCRVN, CCMT, VTS (Physical Rehabilitation) Carmen M. H. Colitz, DVM, MS, DACVO, MBA W. Jean Dodds, DVM Lisa Fox Wright, DVM Andrea Gronwald Karen Hecht, PhD Jennifer Hinders Jean Hofve, DVM Katie Kangas, DVM, CVA, CVCP Julie Anne Lee, DCH Regan Macaulay Terri L. McCalla, DVM, MS, DACVO Shawn Messonnier, DVM Jared Mitchell, DVM, CVMA Cheryl Myers Barrie Sands, DVM, CVA, HMCT Robert J. Silver DVM, MS Amy Snow Gary Tashjian Greg Tilford Tonya Wilhelm Nancy Zidonis

ADMINISTRATION & SALES:

President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley Accounting: Susan Smith Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden Subscription Services/Marketing & Administration Associate: Brittany Silloats

SUBMISSIONS:

ON THE COVER It’s pretty clear that this happy Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is pain-free! Arthritis and other joint problems can really take a toll on a dog or cat’s mobility and quality of life. Fortunately, there’s lots you can do to help keep your own best friend as agile as this guy — dive in to learn more!

Animal Wellness

Please email all editorial material to Ann Brightman, Managing Editor, at ann@ redstonemediagroup.com. We welcome previously unpublished articles and color pictures either in jpeg, tif or disc form at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received. You can also mail submissions to: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8.

Please direct other correspondence to info@redstonemediagroup.com.

ADVERTISING SALES

National Sales Manager/Editorial Associate: Kat Shaw, (866) 764-1212 ext. 315 katshaw@redstonemediagroup.com Western Regional Manager: Becky Starr, (866) 764-1212 ext. 221 becky@redstonemediagroup.com Classified Advertising: Libby Sinden, (866) 764-1212 ext 114 classifiedads@animalwellnessmagazine.com

TO SUBSCRIBE:

Subscription price at time of this issue is $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, including taxes for six issues shipped via surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com Phone: (866) 764-1212 ext 115 US Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Centennial, CO 80122 CDN Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8 Subscriptions are payable by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, check or money order. The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers. Refund policy: call or write our customer service department and we will refund unmailed issues.

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME:

Animal Wellness Magazine is available at a discount for resale in retail shops and through various organizations. Call Libby at (866) 764-1212 ext 100 and ask for dealer magazine sales, fax us at (705) 742-4596 or e-mail at libby@animalwellnessmagazine.com

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published six times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2021. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: July 2021. proudly supporting

improving the lives of animals... one reader at a time.

FROM THE EDITOR

Living life to the

e’ve been lucky — our animal companions have lived well into their golden years. At one of our cat’s last wellness checks, the veterinarian showed me a radiograph of her back. Katy was 16 at this point and had slowed down a little. The vet pointed out the areas of arthritis and explained these were areas of “wear and tear” that come from being an active cat. We had seen similar symptoms in our aging dogs. Fortunately, there are many natural options to help deal with the realities of aging, including EFAs, herbals, essential oils, CBD, chiropractic and acupuncture, and Katy and the rest of our fur-kids experienced a variety of different treatments that let them enjoy their golden years in relative comfort. Pain is the pits, especially if it’s the chronic type that comes from arthritis and other joint problems. If your dog or cat has pain issues, you’ve come to the right place. This issue kicks off with a great article on pain management, and highlights 11 alternative ways to alleviate pain in your dog or cat without turning to medications. On the same theme, we offer pointers on how essential fatty acids can support joint health, and take a comprehensive look at how CBD can ease arthritis. Physical discomfort has other causes as well, of course, including conventional cancer treatments — find out how acupressure can help your dog or cat feel better, and explore the option of intralesional chemo, which minimizes side effects by directly targeting tumors while bypassing systemic circulation.

fullest

As the pandemic winds down and things open up again, you and your dog are no doubt ready to get out and about again! So be sure to read up on some fun activities you can enjoy together while continuing to keep safety in mind for as long as necessary. If you’re a gardener as well as an animal parent, you won’t want to miss our article on the top herbs for dogs and their many health benefits — there are lots of recipes to try too! This issue is brimming with many more ways to give your best friend the care he deserves, including articles on eye and ear care, caring for senior dogs, and some brainboosting foods and supplements that will help sharpen your canine’s cognition and make him easier to train. If you’re a cat lover, you won’t want to miss our top tips on successful litter training, along with some enriching ways to deepen your bond with your kitty companion. Hoping you enjoy the dog days of summer!

Dana Cox Editor-in-Cheif

Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine Animal Wellness

CONTRIBUTORS Veterinarian Dr. Carmen Colitz is one of the world’s leading veterinary ophthalmologists, as well as a consulting veterinarian for Animal Necessity and co-founder of Animal HealthQuest LLC. p. 28

Veterinarian Dr. Jean Dodds received her veterinary degree in 1964 from the Ontario Veterinary College. In 1986, she established Hemopet, the first non-profit national blood bank program for animals. Dr. Dodds has been a member of many committees on hematology, animal models of human disease and veterinary medicine. She received the Holistic Veterinarian of the Year Award from the AHVMA in 1994. p. 32 Veterinarian Dr. Lisa Fox graduated from The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine in 2009, and later started her mobile holistic veterinary clinic, The Divergent DVM LLC. She has a CVA from IVAS; is certified in Chinese Veterinary Food Therapy; received her graduate diploma from CIVT; and became certified in veterinary aromatherapy. In 2018, Dr. Lisa finished her Masters of Iridology program from the Trinity School of Natural Health. She is also a Reiki Master and completed the PIVH Veterinary Homeopathy Course in 2018. p. 48 Retired veterinarian Dr. Jean Hofve earned her DVM at Colorado State University. She also studied veterinary homeopathy, homotoxicology, Reiki and other holistic modalities. She has researched pet food and feline nutrition for more than two decades, and is an expert on holistic pet health and the commercial pet food industry. Dr. Hofve is an official advisor to AAFCO, and co-authored the books Holistic Cat Care and Paleo Dog. p. 14 Veterinarian Dr. Katie Kangas graduated from the University of Wisconsin Veterinary College in 1993. She achieved her CVA certification at the Chi Institute in 2008, followed by additional training in Advanced Acupuncture, Food Therapy, Herbal Medicine and Veterinary Orthopedic Manipulation. Dr. Kangas owns Integrative Veterinary Care in San Diego, California. Her areas of special interest include nutrition/food medicine, dental health and pain management. p. 74

Veterinarian Dr. Terri McCalla is a consulting veterinarian for Animal Necessity and the creator of Ocu-GLO™, co-founder of Animal HealthQuest LLC, and owner of Animal Eye Care LLC, a private referral ophthalmology practice in Bellingham, Washington. p. 28

Veterinarian Dr. Shawn Messonnier wrote The Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats, The Natural Vet’s Guide to Preventing and Treating Cancer in Dogs and 8 Weeks to a Healthy Dog. He’s the pet care expert for Martha Stewart Living’s “Dr. Shawn – The Natural Vet” on Sirius Satellite Radio, and creator of Dr. Shawn’s Pet Organics. His practice, Paws & Claws Animal Hospital (pawsandclawsanimalhospital.com) is in Plano, Texas. p. 54 Veterinarian Dr. Jared Mitchell graduated from Mississippi State University's College of Veterinary Medicine in 2004. In 2010, he opened Mitchell Animal Clinic in Mobile, Alabama, and began incorporating holistic modalities into his practice. Dr. Mitchell is completing certification to become a Certified Veterinary Medical Aromatherapist through the VMAA, and plans to achieve certifications in herbal medicine, acupuncture, chiropractic and more. p. 68 Veterinarian Dr. Barrie Sands received her DVM degree from Ross University in 1991. She achieved her CVA certification from IVAS in 2003, followed by advanced training in food and herbal therapies and homeopathy. Dr. Sands has been working at the VCA Emergency and Referral Center in San Diego since 1996 in the Emergency Critical Care department, and is head of the Integrative Holistic department. She is a certified trainer for the Institute of HeartMath. Dr. Barrie authored the book The Stupid Things My Human Does; True Stories from the Animal ER. p. 16

Animal Wellness

Veterinarian Dr Robert Silver graduated in 1982 from Colorado State’s College of Veterinary Medicine. He established one of the first integrative vet clinics in the US in Boulder, CO in 1993. Dr. Silver is a nationally recognized expert in veterinary herbal medicine and veterinary CBD and cannabis therapeutics. He published three chapters in Cannabis Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, and his new book, A Guide to Pet CBD and Cannabis, will be out this fall. Dr Silver shares a blog site with two other vets (NurseYourPet.com) and owns the Well-Pet Dispensary (wellpetdispensary.com). p. 62 Sally Bahner specializes in cat-related issues, specifically nutrition, holistic care and behavior. She has offered her services as a feline behavior and care consultant and gives classes on cat care. Sally is the resident cat behavior expert on Tracie Hotchner’s Cat Chat radio program, and a member of the Cat Writers’ Association and the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants. p. 76 Dr. Suzi Beber has been creating special needs diets for animals for two decades. She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund received the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award. p. 21 Deana Cappucci is a Licensed Veterinary Technician specializing in canine physical rehabilitation and pain management. She studied Veterinary Technology at Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, NY and became certified in Canine Rehabilitation through the Canine Rehabilitation Institute in Florida. Deana studied TCVM for Veterinary Technicians through the Chi Institute and received her Veterinary Technician Specialty in Physical Rehabilitation through the Academy of Physical Rehabilitation Veterinary Technicians. Deana is a member of the International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management; is a Fear Free Certified Professional; and works in South Florida as a consultant and educator to the veterinary community. p. 10 Andrea Gronwald is a certified family dog trainer through Raise with Praise, Inc., owned and operated by Paul Owens, a leading positive dog training expert. She has worked with dogs as a volunteer for two Humane Societies. Andrea and her dog were also part of a volunteer pet therapy program for veterans. She has taught group and private classes, helping people forming happy relationships with their dogs. Andrea is a strong proponent of positive training methods. p. 34 Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis are the authors of ACU-DOG: A Guide to Canine Acupressure, ACU-CAT: A Guide to Feline Acupressure and ACU-HORSE: A Guide to Equine Acupressure. They founded Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Resources, which offers books, manuals, DVDs, apps, meridian charts, consulting, and many more acupressure learning tools. Contact animalacupressure.com or tallgrass@animalacupressure.com. p. 60 Tonya Wilhelm is a dog training and cat care specialist who promotes positive ways to prevent and manage behavior issues. One of the top ten dog trainers in the US, she has helped thousands build happy relationships with their dogs using humane, positive methods. She wrote Proactive Puppy Care; offers dog training classes; provides training and behavior services; and does workshops at pet expos (raisingyourpetsnaturally.com). p. 40 Jennifer Hinders is a freelance writer, editor and dog lover who lives in Fairfax, Virginia (jhinders.com). p. 44

11 ways to manage

pain in dogs and cats

D gs Cats

When it comes to managing pain in dogs and cats, these alternative modalities have a lot to offer. Consider trying one of these options before reaching for the pain meds.

By Deana Cappucci, BS, LVT, CCRVN, CCMT, VTS (Physical Rehabilitation)

Animals experience pain just like we do. But because dogs and cats are so stoic, most people don’t realize their animals are suffering. In nature, animals that show signs of pain or weakness are targets for prey, so they have adapted to hide their pain in order to survive. Learning how to recognize pain in your dog or cat is the first step, along with getting the problem properly diagnosed by your veterinarian. And there are many ways to manage pain besides medication. This article explores some alternative modalities for pain management in dogs and cats.

RECOGNIZING PAIN IN YOUR COMPANION ANIMAL In dogs and cats, pain presents as a change in behavior or mobility (see sidebar on page 12). For instance, a dog experiencing pain from arthritis may not want to perform daily activities, such as going for long walks, or may have a hard time getting in and out of the car. Cats in pain may hesitate or avoid jumping onto higher surfaces, may hide more often, or experience a decreased appetite.

Animal Wellness

If you notice these signs in your own dog or cat, take him to the veterinarian for a checkup. Pain can arise from many different conditions and it’s important to find out which one is bothering your own animal so he can be properly treated.

PAIN MANAGEMENT — 11 ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS Fortunately, there are many ways you and your animal’s healthcare team can help manage pain and extend his quality of life.

Physical rehabilitation Physical therapy is a service often used in human medicine to help patients recover from surgery or restore tissue function after an injury. Likewise, many modalities used in animal physical rehabilitation help reduce pain and inflammation to improve an animal’s comfort.

Laser therapy Therapeutic ultrasound Laser therapy, also referred to as low-level light therapy or Therapeutic ultrasound uses low energy sound waves photobiomodulation, uses light to stimulate specific cells to to warm up the tissue. It improves flexibility and promotes reduce pain associated with healing while decreasing inflammation. The laser pain and inflammation. It’s can also help regenerate often used for animals with Laser is often used on animals damaged tissue by restoring soft tissue trauma, such as experiencing arthritis or soft function. Laser is often used muscle and tendon strains on animals experiencing or sprains. tissue injuries, or recovering from arthritis or soft tissue injuries, or recovering Extracorporeal surgical procedures. from surgical procedures. shockwave therapy Animals with neurologic This device uses high diseases, such as intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) or energy sound waves to stimulate the tissue, causing a degenerative myelopathy, benefit from laser as it helps physiologic response that leads to endorphin release for regenerate nerve function. pain management, and promote tissue healing. Animals that benefit from shockwave therapy include those suffering from arthritis, muscle and tendon injuries, or Thermal therapy bone fractures that are not healing as expected. There are Thermal therapies such as heat and cryotherapy are often many different types of shockwave therapy, some of which used to improve circulation or decrease inflammation and may require light sedation due to the loud sound and swelling. Ice is added after surgical procedures to help reduce intensity of the shocks. pain and swelling, whereas heat can be applied to sore muscles or stiff joints to provide circulation to the tissues and joints.

Animal Wellness

IS HE EXPERIENCING ANY OF THESE SIGNS? Signs of pain in cats: • Over-grooming a specific area, or under-grooming • Hiding, less sociable or less playful • Reluctance to jump on or off furniture • Sleeping more often • Difficulty finding a comfortable position • Vocalizing (hissing) when touched • Decreased appetite • Unusual aggression when approached • Trouble getting in or out of the litter box • Inappropriate urination • Stiff gait

Signs of pain in dogs: • Difficulty getting up or lying down • Reluctance to jump on and off furniture or into car • Slowing down on walks, or reluctance to go for walks • Trouble walking or getting up on slippery surfaces • Less sociable or playful • Difficulty finding a comfortable position • Vocalizing when touched or being picked up • Decreased appetite • Excessive licking, biting or scratching a specific body part • Panting or trembling when resting • Limping or holding up an affected limb

Animal Wellness

Electrotherapy Also known as E-Stim or TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation), electrotherapy uses an electrical current that is applied to a painful area to inhibit the sensory response to pain. Electrical stimulation can help in cases involving arthritis, post-surgical recovery, or soft tissue injuries or trauma.

Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy uses low-frequency electromagnetic fields to reduce inflammation and decrease pain in the body. FDA-approved devices can be prescribed for use at home. Animals that benefit from this treatment are those with arthritis, wounds, soft tissue trauma, neurologic conditions, and postsurgical management.

Acupuncture Acupuncture uses small needles inserted into specific points on the body, causing a physiologic response. Acupuncture releases the body’s natural endorphins, which help control pain. It also stimulates nerves, which is beneficial for animals experiencing neurologic dysfunction like IVDD or degenerative myelopathy. Arthritis and soft tissue injuries also benefit from acupuncture.

Therapeutic exercise Therapeutic exercise is used in animal rehabilitation to help strengthen weakened muscles that may be associated with an injury or post-operative recovery. Arthritis causes pain in the joints leading to weakness in the muscles. Therapeutic exercises help improve strength and mobility in arthritic animals, and those recovering from surgery or injury.

Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy, such as swimming in warm circulating water, or walking on an underwater treadmill, provides buoyancy while reducing pain on injured joints. The warm water causes vasodilation and increases blood flow to the tissue, which helps decrease pain in the muscles and joints. The hydrostatic pressure of the water provides body awareness that is helpful in older dogs, or those suffering from neurologic disease. The resistance of the water also improves strength as the animal swims or walks against the water.

Massage Last but not least, massage and manual therapies alleviate taut muscles and increase circulation to the tissues. Massage brings blood flow to the tissue, providing oxygen and nutrients to the area. It can reduce pain by decreasing muscle spasms and improving the flexibility of joints. Massage can also decrease stress and anxiety, which can exaggerate pain. Most animals — and their humans — would benefit from a massage! Ask your veterinarian if he or she offers any of these pain-relieving modalities, or seek out a veterinary rehabilitation center in your area. It is important to understand that although these modalities have therapeutic effects for managing pain and discomfort, other medical interventions may be added to your dog or cat’s regimen to provide the best pain relief and improve overall comfort. It is also important to know that not all animals are candidates for every modality, and that a consultation with a trained veterinary professional is necessary to discuss the best options for your own dog or cat.

Animal Wellness

NATURAL SUPPLEMENTS

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS is

D gs Cats

rit

rth a h it w ts a c d n a s g o d for Which essential fatty acids (EFAs) do dogs and cats need as supplements, and how do they work to help alleviate the inflammation associated with arthritis?

By Jean Hofve, DVM

As our dogs and cats age, they are increasingly likely to develop osteoarthritis and other joint problems. There are many natural and holistic ways to help keep our animals mobile and free of discomfort, and certain essential fatty acids (EFAs) play a supporting role. Let’s look at how these EFAs can help ease your dog or cat’s arthritis and improve his joint health.

WHICH FATTY ACIDS ARE ESSENTIAL TO DOGS AND CATS? Only two fatty acids are essential for dogs: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, an Omega-3 fatty acid from plants) and linoleic acid (LA, an Omega-6 fatty acid found in plants and animals). Cats also need arachidonic acid (an Omega-6). From these fundamental molecules, the body theoretically makes the other fatty acids it needs.

Animal Wellness

In addition, two other fatty acids are considered essential during development (pregnancy, lactation, and growth) — the Omega-3s, EPA and DHA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Theoretically, ALA is a precursor for EPA and DHA. However, carnivores like dogs and cats aren’t very good at making that conversion. Newborn puppies can manufacture DHA, but they lose that ability at weaning. Dogs convert less than 5% of ALA to EPA, and none to DHA. Cats are even more limited. While there is a huge body of scientific evidence showing how important EPA and DHA are for optimal health beyond the early life stages, they are not technically essential. However, because EPA and DHA are so extremely beneficial, let’s look at what they do and why you may want to add them to your dog or cat’s diet. Since

we can be confident that, no matter what our animals are eating, they are getting enough ALA and Omega-6s in their food, the only fatty acids they really need more of are the Omega-3s.

OMEGA-3S AND OMEGA6S — THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO INFLAMMATION Omega-3 fatty acids are said to be “antiinflammatory” and Omega-6s “proinflammatory” because of how they are used in the body to make certain hormonelike compounds: one pathway suppresses and the other promotes inflammation. However, it isn’t quite as simple as it sounds. For example, GLA (gamma-linoleic acid) is an Omega-6, yet it is anti-inflammatory. Arachidonic acid can contribute to either pathway. But as a general rule, Omega-6s — especially in excessive amounts when compared to Omega-3s — are more likely to lead to inflammation.

The ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids in the diet is important. Fatty acid imbalances are linked to many serious health conditions, such as allergies, cancer, heart disease, and asthma — and arthritis. One study found that the Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio in commercial cat foods ranged from 6:1 to 27:1, while the ratio in the natural diets of feral cats was estimated to be 1:1 to 2:1 — quite a difference!

OMEGA-3S FOR ARTHRITIS Inflammation is at the root of most of the degenerative diseases of aging. Conditions involving inflammation often end in “itis” — arthritis, pancreatitis, dermatitis, etc. EPA has powerful antiinflammatory effects, and is helpful in preventing and moderating many, if not most, inflammatory conditions. • Research suggests that Omega-3s have a direct beneficial effect on degenerative diseases, including arthritis, by slowing down the rate at which telomeres (the protective caps on the ends of the packaged DNA in chromosomes) become shortened. Telomeres have a similar function to the plastic ends of shoelaces; they

prevent the ends of chromosomes from becoming “frayed” or damaged. Telomeres are greatly shortened in patients with arthritis. • Supplementary Omega-3s have also been found to improve cartilage health, an important factor in the treatment of arthritis. • Adding Omega-3s increases the benefit of glucosamine supplements. • EPA accumulates in the joint fluid and may exert an anti-inflammatory effect directly within the joint. Because dogs and cats can’t make as much EPA and DHA as they need from ALA, marine oils are the best way to supplement them with essential fatty acids. The best Omega-3 supplements come from wild (not farm-raised) salmon, non-predatory fish like sardines and anchovies, or green-lipped mussels. Cod liver oil is a good source of EPA and DHA; but be aware that human products contain added vitamins A and D, which may cause toxicity in small animals. Omega-3 fatty acids are an important supplement for cats and dogs. Young, old, healthy, sick, skinny, fat — all animals can benefit from these powerful nutrients.

What EFAs are and what they do The term “essential” fatty acids means that the dog or cat (or human!) cannot synthesize these fatty acids within his body but must obtain them in his diet. There are certain fatty acids our dogs and cats need but may not be getting from their food, and that can affect their health in a variety of ways. EFAs have many important roles. They are: • Critical for fetal development • Incorporated into every cell membrane in the body, giving it fluidity and optimal functionality • Precursors to many important hormones and other compounds and molecules in the body • Important for protecting the brain.

MORE ABOUT EPA, DHA, AND ALA The ancestors of our dogs and cats got the Omega-3s, EPA and DHA, from their prey, such as rabbits, birds, and deer. The brains, fat, and skin of these wild animals contain the highest amounts of DHA, while EPA is abundant in their livers, muscles, and blood. North American livestock and poultry are fed large amounts of corn, sorghum, and other grains, which largely shifts their natural Omega-3 content to almost all Omega-6. Commercial pet foods are made from the meat and by-products of these animals, as well as with plant products like corn, potatoes and beans. Some plants contain ALA, but have no EPA or DHA. Even raw and homemade foods don’t contain much natural Omega-3, because the meat and poultry used in making them are almost devoid of these fatty acids.

The difference between plant and animal fatty acid sources can cause some confusion. Animal fats and many plants are good sources of LA. Some plants, like flaxseed, hemp, and walnuts also contain ALA. While ALA is an essential fatty acid, it is usually plentiful in the diet and does not need supplementation.

Animal Wellness

EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

PART 2 By Barrie Sands, DVM, CVA, HMCT

Our dogs can pick up on our stress, so it’s important to be aware of how we’re feeling when we’re around them. Here’s a comprehensive look at how to relieve emotional stress in ourselves and our canine companions.

one of us is a stranger to stress. It affects many levels of our lives, and it also affects our dogs. The first of this two-part article (AW Jun-Jul 2021) focused on the emotional aspect of stress, and how our own stress affects our dogs Now that you have become a little more familiar with the mechanisms of stress, we can look at how to relieve emotional stress in both ourselves and our dogs.

FROM STRESS TO RESILIENCE We know that stress is linked to our environment, lifestyle, diet, emotions, and thoughts. The opposite of stress is resilience, which is being able to respond, adapt and recover in the face of adversity, challenges and trauma. We have four domains in which we can create change and build resilience: physical, mental, emotional and spiritual.

Animal Wellness

DOMAIN #1: PHYSICAL Movement and exercise

Bodies are made to move. More specifically, muscles and tendons are made to move the skeleton. Exercising and activity of any kind will release energy, help balance the body, and reduce stress. Each day, incorporate some physical activity into your routine, and your dog’s. Be sure the exercise is appropriate for your dog’s age, breed and any underlying physical conditions.

Connecting with nature

• Grounding: When we are out in nature, exposed to the sun, the earth, the sounds, and the smells, we receive a mini-reboot or upgrade to our systems. Touching the earth creates a grounding effect through the transfer of negative ions. This helps realign the body. Animals do this naturally. Let your dog roll in the dirt and rub against the trees.

•S melling: Dogs have a superior sense of smell. We know that smells are potent memory stimulators, and can be used to relieve anxiety and promote relaxation. Animal behavior studies have revealed that “olfactory foraging behavior” increases optimism. Take your dog on a slower walk and allow him to stop and sniff when he wants, to experience that calming effect.

Adequate rest, deep sleep, rejuvenation

On average, dogs sleep ten to 13 hours a day. Their sleep cycles tend to resonate with those of their humans. During sleep, the body takes time to repair itself and prepare for the next day. Many essential hormonal processes for rebalancing take place in the resting state. For quality sleep, we need a designated resting place where we can settle in and decompress away from reminders of our busy lives. The same applies to our dogs, whether they sleep with us or elsewhere in the house. Provide your dog with

several quiet places and beds where he can retreat in peace for a safe and restful sleep.

Hydration

What we and our dogs take into our bodies also affects our stress levels. Adequate quantities of pure water are essential for the body to mobilize, absorb, and utilize nutrients to maintain cell vitality and proper function. Some dogs are peculiar about how and where they want to drink water. Spend some time observing your dog to see what he likes. If he prefers running water, for example, invest in a pet water fountain. Adding broth or water to your dog’s food will further increase his water intake.

Diet

Food is fuel for the body, and a healthy body supports feelings of well-being. If you had a Ferrari, you wouldn’t put just any liquid into the tank; you would use a premium fuel that helps it run at optimal capacity. The same principle applies to us and our dogs. For your dog, a species-appropriate, fresh, organic, non-GMO, pesticidefree, moisture-rich, and bio-available diet is best for achieving optimum vitality. A diverse gut microbiome is also important for the positive effects it has upon behaviors and stress. If your

dog has recurring or chronic digestive problems, have him checked by your veterinarian so you can get to the root of the issue and take steps to balance his microbiome.

DOMAIN #2: MENTAL Mental stimulation

Every dog breed has an innate “hardwired” personality. It’s important to look into the personality traits of your dog’s particular breed, or mix of breeds, so you can minimize stress and optimize good behavior. Some dogs need more stimulation and entertainment than others. Animals that are bored and under-stimulated become stressed, and will find destructive and deleterious ways to entertain themselves. Your dog’s need for mental stimulation is connected to his need for physical activity. I had a client who adopted a 65 lb mixed breed dog. This was his fifth home. He was notorious for jumping fences and escaping every home he was at, and became destructive when confined. Recognizing his talent for jumping, his new person trained and entered him in canine long-jump competitions. Not only did he become a champion, but he never tried to jump a fence again!

Animal Wellness

Positive mindset

For humans, a positive attitude and focused mindset reduce stress and are important to helping maintain the flow and effort we put into achieving our goals. Daily references to pictures and quotes that are in alignment with your intentions are great motivators — your dog will resonate with you and pick up on your upbeat mindset.

DOMAIN #3: EMOTIONAL This domain is especially important as it’s where most of our stress originates, and it can be detected by those around us. Emotions have energetic frequencies that are broadcast into the electromagnetic field that surrounds us, and is palpable to other people and our animals. According to studies done at the HeartMath Institute, when we are feeling renewing emotions like love, care, appreciation, and gratitude, the signal is smooth, clear and expansive. When we are experiencing depleting emotions like anger, frustration, resentment, and fear, the signal is jagged, distorted, and contracted. It is in this domain that we can learn how to navigate through our emotional landscape in a way that creates resilience and a shift in our bio-physiology.

Inner calm

Maintaining a level of calmness and emotional control is important for our inner well-being, and that of our dogs. Again, the animals around us pick up on our energies and will tend to incorporate them into their own emotional and physical expressions. Communication with our dogs is always heart-based,

Animal Wellness

meaning they “feel” what we mean or say. As we know, dogs are beacons of love and service, and they are invested in us. They will resonate with the frequency of calm we project.

comes with being connected. We can learn to recognize this feeling and bring its awareness into other aspects of our lives, for deeper and more meaningful connections.

Love

Belief

DOMAIN #4: SPIRITUAL

As you can see, shifting from stress to resilience means looking at all areas of your life to see where you can make changes. The positive changes you make within yourself will also affect your dog, and combined with the right diet and lifestyle, along with adequate exercise and mental stimulation, will do wonders to minimize his stress, and yours.

Love is a high vibration of health and wellness. Take a moment to be still and look into the eyes and heart of your dog; that soft melting feeling you experience is the breakdown of barriers, exposing the love from your own heart. Take time every day to incorporate and be mindful of this feeling of love. Imagine this feeling becoming golden rays of light that surround you, then project or send out those golden rays and wrap them around your dog. This is a powerful visualization that will manifest as energetic calming and healing frequencies.

Connection

We all have a sense of connection to something, whether it’s a higher power, our innate intuition, nature, our family, animals, or even our possessions. The connection you have with your dog comes from the heart and has its own sense of divinity. There is a feeling of gratitude and peace that

The ability to believe in something bigger than ourselves has very powerful and comforting effects upon the mind, body, and spirit. What we believe to be true influences every aspect of our lives. Beliefs and ideas are ultimately about making a choice based upon what we think, how we feel, the interpretation of our experiences, and how we perceive them. Our beliefs not only affect us, but our dogs as well, since they can pick up on the high-frequency emotions and energies we experience around those beliefs.

NUTRITION FACTS

The

unlikely history

l a i c r e m m co food of

pet

By Gary Tashjian

Commercial pet foods were invented with convenience and profit in mind, not the health of dogs and cats. Luckily, the more recent movement back to fresh, raw food is gaining ground.

• Before the 1920s: Most dogs and cats were fed fresh “human” food in the form of table scraps or even freshlyprepared meals. As early as 2000 BCE, we have recipes for raw meals for dogs, consisting of fresh meat, bones, barley, and milk.

Walking through the pet food aisles, you’ll see quite a few dry and canned foods for your dog or cat. Most advertisers would have you believe that this is how your animal is meant to be fed, and we’re often told that raw and fresh diets are a new fad. Interestingly, this isn’t quite the case.

• 1920s: The first generation of canned pet food hit the market. Ken-L-Ration, taking advantage of the low cost of horse meat, developed the first canned dog food and kicked off the industry we still see today.

In fact, the history of fresh and raw pet diets dates all the way back to the initial domestication of cats and dogs 16,000 years ago, while the history of kibble dates back to only 1956. Here’s a brief timeline of commercial pet food:

• 1940s: During WWII, meat and aluminum were both rationed, but the demand for convenient pet food remained high. Attracted by the large margins on pet food, cereal companies began creating dry pet food from leftover by-products and grains. • 1956: The first commercial kibble was invented, using a process called “extrusion”. Still used today, this

process pushes dough through a high pressure, high heat extruder to form kibble. During this process, the food is sterilized, artificially preserved, and nutrients are degraded. But given how cheap it is to produce pet food this way, it was embraced by most manufacturers and promoted as the most convenient way to feed dogs and cats. • Today: While commercial kibble and canned foods remain popular, it’s important to note that the only reason they were invented was for the convenience and profit of manufacturers, not for the health and well-being of dogs and cats. Now, 70 years after the invention of kibble, and with the advent of online ordering, plus the introduction of nutrition science into pet food formulation, we’ve come full circle. Feeding fresh, raw pet food, which domesticated dogs and cats have eaten for thousands of years, is now nearly as convenient as kibble and canned foods.

When choosing a pet food, ask these questions There are plenty of options for feeding your dog or cat a healthy, complete and balanced diet, and the pet food industry has come a long way since kibble was first invented. But even today, it’s important to know something about the companies you purchase pet food from. Here are some questions to consider when selecting pet food: • Is the company owned by a larger cereal manufacturer? • Are their formulations created with nutrition and health as top priorities? • Is their pet food processed in a way that preserves vital nutrients?

Animal Wellness

Gary Tashjian is the owner and founder of Darwin’s Natural Pet Products, the first raw pet food company in the Pacific Northwest. Gary spotted the opportunity to help more pets live longer lives with healthier diets and founded the company in 2004. Over the past 17 years, Darwin’s has served more than 80 million nutritious meals to dogs and cats, helping tens of thousands of pets live healthier lives.

that are good for dogs – both inside and out by Dr. Suzi Beber, Honoris Causa

Herbs add a lot to your dog’s well-being, whether they’re included in his diet or used for healing and well-being. These 11 herbs are good for dogs, and can be incorporated into everything from teas and treats to rinses and salves.

erbs play an important role both in our cuisine and in healing, and we can share those attributes with our dogs too. There is so much you can do with herbs, whether it’s making simple tisanes and teas, including them in your dog’s treats, preparing a simple rinse for his coat, or just snipping some fresh herbs from the garden and adding them to his meals, and your own. Here are 11 herbs you can share with your canine companion along with some easy recipes, from teas to treats to rinses.

Animal Wellness

Chamomile

The word “chamomile” actually comes from ancient Greece, and means “ground apple.” Chamomile is recognized for its calming effects, but it is also an anti-inflammatory and helps support the healing of gastrointestinal issues like stomach ulcers and inflammatory bowel disease. If your dog experiences itchy, inflamed skin from a bite or sting, try using cool chamomile tea as a soothing rinse. The tea bag itself can be used as a compress too.

Basil

Once upon a time, you would have had to travel to Asia, Africa or India to experience the wonderful aroma of the basil plant. Today, there are over 60 varieties of this herb, and they are all a bit different, from traditional sweet basil to the spicy flavors of anise or cinnamon basil. This herb is an excellent source of vitamin K, a very good source of iron, calcium, and vitamin A, and also provides dietary fiber, manganese, magnesium, vitamin C, and potassium. Basil has antibacterial properties, acts as an antiinflammatory, supports cardiovascular health, and helps protect against free radical damage.

Dandelion

Dandelion is related to the sunflower family and is a source of vitamins A, C, E, and K, calcium, fiber, folate, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, and zinc. Dandelion leaves contain more vitamin A than carrots, and the root is an excellent source of inulin, which encourages the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract. Dandelion greens also support liver function, improve tooth enamel, and act as a blood tonic. Native Americans used the split stems of dandelions to rub on bee stings. Dandelion supports the cardiovascular system and promotes healthy teeth and bones. Dandelion greens are a perfect substitute for spinach and Swiss chard and are a great addition to your dog’s diet plan. Here’s an old Mennonite recipe for cooking and freezing dandelion greens. Cut the roots from the greens and discard. Wash the greens well in cold water. Bring a pot of water to a rolling boil and put the greens into the water by the handful. Bring the water back to a boil, and cook the greens just until they are wilted, which will take two to three minutes. Drain immediately and run cold water over the greens to stop the cooking process. Squeeze out as much water as possible. You can then wrap the greens and freeze for future use.

Animal Wellness

Sage

Sage has a long history, going all the way back to ancient Roman times, when it was added to the diet in order to better digest fatty foods. Powdered sage leaves were sprinkled on food, just like pepper. Sage contains vitamins A, E, and K, and a variety of trace minerals, including calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc. It has antiseptic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and astringent properties. Consider adding sage to your dog’s diet to help soothe his gastrointestinal tract. Sage leaves also contain rosmarinic acid, which can help support dogs with seasonal allergies.

Dill

Dill seed has antimicrobial properties and helps fight infections. It contains volatile oil constituents that combine to cause an anti-foaming action in the stomach, much like the anti-gas remedies that line pharmacy shelves. This makes dill particularly soothing to the digestive tract. It is also recognized as an antispasmodic and helps reduce flatulence. Dill helps tonify the liver and pancreas, and is great for bad breath, especially when used in combination with parsley and mint. Dill also helps dissolve uric acid in cases of kidney and bladder stones, and may treat chronic constipation. The ground seeds can aid with dispelling intestinal worms. Externally, dill juice can help heal skin irritations and inflammation, including heat rash; and a rinse made with dill, feverfew flowers, and yarrow has been said to discourage fleas. Dill seeds contain calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A, a variety of amino acids, and dietary fiber. Dill also contains carvone, anethofuran, and limonene, which have been shown to increase the production of cancer-fighting enzymes, like glutathione S-transferase, known to react with certain types of carcinogenic chemicals and eliminate them from our system. In fact, dill is referred to as a chemoprotective food.

Thyme

Thyme has a colorful history. The ancient Egyptians used it as an embalming agent, whie in Greece, it was burned in temples as sacred incense. Thyme contains vitamin K, iron, manganese, calcium, and dietary fiber. Thymol, the herb’s primary active ingredient, helps inhibit the growth of fungus and bacteria. Thyme also contains a variety of flavonoids, including luteolin and thymonin, which increase its antioxidant properties.

Store fresh dill in the refrigerator, wrapped in damp paper towel, or simply place it in a small vase with some water or a Mason jar. Dill can also be frozen in ice cube trays. Simply combine fresh dill with filtered water or your choice of broth. Dill seed can also be sprinkled on food, just before serving.

Parsley

Parsley is one of our most concentrated food sources. Its history goes back more than 2,000 years, when it was first used as a medicinal herb in the Eastern Mediterranean. Parsley is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, iron, folate, a variety of minerals, and also contains a variety of volatile oils, including myristin, which is thought to inhibit tumor formation, especially in the lungs, and histadine, an amino acid also found to inhibit tumor growth.

Parsley is referred to as a chemoprotective food because it may help neutralize a variety of carcinogens, including the benzopyrenes found in cigarette smoke. Keep parsley fresh by sprinkling it with water, wrapping it in paper towel, and refrigerating in a plastic bag; or simply put stems of parsley in a glass of water, like flowers, and refrigerate. Animal Wellness

Oregano

Often referred to as the “cure in the cupboard,” oregano has been cultivated in France since the Middle Ages, and was introduced to North America in the early 20th century. Oregano contains calcium, fiber, iron, manganese, Omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins A, C, and K. It also contains thymol and carvacrol, volatile oils that inhibit the growth of bacteria and contain many phytonutrients. Oregano is packed with antioxidants. In fact, it contains more antioxidant power than apples and blueberries. Research demonstrates that beta-caryophyllene, a chemical found in oregano, may inhibit inflammation. Scientists believe this anti-inflammatory effect may have an impact on the treatment of osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, and Crohn’s disease. Oregano tea soothes an upset stomach and chest congestion, and also helps relieve muscle pain. Store fresh oregano in the refrigerator, wrapped in a damp towel, or freeze in an airtight container.

Mint species, including wild mint, catmint, spearmint, and peppermint, are non-toxic and can be included in your dog’s (and cat’s) diet. In The Complete Herbal Handbook for the Dog and Cat, Juliette de Bairacli Levy recommends using an infusion of all parts of the peppermint plant for loss of appetite. For “doggie breath,” consider finely chopping some fresh mint from the garden, and adding it your dog’s daily diet program. In combination with ginger, mint has long been considered as soothing to the gastrointestinal system. A high quality peppermint essential mint can also be used when making homemade flea spray.

10.

Mint

Animal Wellness

Turmeric

Turmeric is a perennial herb that belongs to the ginger family. Curcurmin is the orange-yellow pigment that gives turmeric its color. It has a very long history as a spice, and is known for its antiinflammatory and antioxidant impact. Curcurmin has more antioxidant properties than vitamin E, and its potential as a cancer preventive has been supported by many studies (learn more on page 32). Turmeric increases bile production and flow, and protects the stomach and liver. It is the perfect herb to sprinkle on your dog’s food. It can also be used to treat minor cuts; simply wash the wound, sprinkle with turmeric, and top with a bandage.

11.

Horsetail

Horsetail is a rich source of silicic acid and silicates, which provide elemental silicon. It also contains sterols, campesterol, isofucosterol, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and silicon. Research going back to 1993 reports that horsetail helps with the formation of bone and cartilage. Horsetail is a primitive plant, going all the way back to the Paleozoic era, millions of years ago. Cultures throughout the world have used it as a remedy for bladder and kidney issues, arthritis, ulcers, and even tuberculosis. It has been used topically to stop bleeding from wounds and promote healing, and to strengthen skin, coat and nails. Horsetail has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in the laboratory setting, and research conducted in 2003 reported that it may even provide protection from radiation.

recipes Healthy herbal teas

Medicinal sage tea Place 1 tablespoon of fresh sage leaves, or 1½ teaspoons of dried sage leaves, in a four-cup Pyrex measuring cup or medium-sized pot. Add 2 teaspoons of honey and the juice from half a lemon. Bruise the sage leaves with the back of wooden spoon. Pour 2½ cups boiling water over the sage, honey, and lemon, and cover measuring cup or pot with a plate. Allow to infuse for half an hour. Then simply strain and cool. This tonic can be stored in the refrigerator. Add it to your dog’s food or drinking water.

Oregano tea Steep 2 teaspoons of fresh oregano, or 1 teaspoon of dried oregano, in a cup of boiling water for ten minutes.

Fresh sage tea

Dill tea

Put 1 tablespoon of fresh sage leaves (use the young tips for this brew) in a small jug or large Mason jar and pour 1¼ cups boiling water over it. Cover the jar and infuse for 10 minutes. Strain and use at once, or store in the refrigerator for two or three days.

In a teapot or other small pot, pour ½ cup of boiling filtered water over 1 teaspoon of dry and lightly crushed dill seeds. A mortar and pestle work very well for crushing the seeds. Cover and steep for 10 minutes. Strain the tea, discard the seeds, and let the tea cool before serving. You can add dill tea to your dog’s food or water bowl.

Raw sage leaves clean teeth and gums and leave a fresh taste in the mouth. Try adding some freshlystrained and cooled sage tea to your dog’s food, or use as a “toothpaste.”

Digestive tea Combine 4 teaspoons of fresh mint (or 2 teaspoons of dried mint), ¼ teaspoon of dried sage, and 1 slice of fresh ginger in a large mug. Add 1 cup of boiling water, and steep for two minutes. Adding a teaspoon of Manuka “healing” honey will make this simple remedy even better!

When making treats for your dog, try replacing ¼ cup of liquid in the recipe with the dill tea. In Herbs for Pets, Mary L. Wulff-Tilford and Gregory L. Tilford recommend that if your dog is belching, try giving him 2 to 8 ounces of cooled dill seed tea.

Parsley tea Place 4 teaspoons of freshly picked parsley (flat or curly) or 2 teaspoons of dried parsley in a large mug. Cover with 1 cup of boiling water. Allow to steep for 10 to 30 minutes. Cool and serve, adding the brew to your dog’s food or water bowl. Animal Wellness

Barkers beef Ingredients

• 1 pound grass-fed stewing beef, cut in chunks • 1 cup mixed fresh herbs, e.g. oregano, marjoram, parsley, sage, basil, thyme •½ to 1 teaspoon sea salt • 1 ½ cups tomatoes with juice

Instructions Place olive oil in a medium-sized pan. Turn to high, and just as the oil begins to sizzle, turn the heat down to medium and add the beef chunks. Using a wooden spoon or spatula, coat the beef chunks in the olive oil. Add the tomatoes and mix thoroughly with the beef. Add fresh herbs and sprinkle with sea salt. Turn heat down to simmer for 20 minutes. Remove pan from heat and allow to cool before serving. Store in the refrigerator or freezer for future use. In our house, some of the humans share this meal, by serving it with noodles or quinoa, and an extra hit of spice!

Herb stuffed power pops Ingredients

• 1 pound ground elk or other ground meat of your choice • 1 cup fresh mint leaves, snipped or torn into pieces • 1 cup fresh oregano leaves, snipped or torn into pieces •¼ to ½ teaspoon turmeric •½ teaspoon sea salt • 2 tablespoons first pressed/extra virgin olive oil

Animal Wellness

Instructions Raw: Make small meatballs with the ground meat. Pinch each meatball and fill the indentation with the fresh herbs. Roll in your hands and place in a bowl. Continue until your bowl is packed with herb-filled “pinch pots” of ground meat. Drizzle with olive oil, and sprinkle with sea salt and turmeric. Store in a bowl in the refrigerator or freezer for future use. Cooked: Follow the instructions above for making “pinch pots” of ground meat and fresh herbs. Place olive oil in a medium-sized pan. Turn to high, and just as the oil begins to sizzle, turn the heat down to medium and add the meatballs. Sprinkle with turmeric and sea salt. Using a wooden spoon or spatula, move the meat balls around in the olive oil, then turn the heat to simmer and cook until there is no pink left in the meat. Remove pan from heat and place meatballs in a bowl. Allow to cool, then store in the refrigerator; you can also place the meatballs in an airtight container or Ziploc bag and freeze.

RECALL ROUNDUP

For external use Horsetail rinses for your dog’s coat Recipe 1: If you can’t find wild horsetail, dried horsetail is available in bulk at many health food stores; certified powdered horsetail supplements are also available. Place 4 cups of filtered water in a medium-sized pot, along with one small bottle organic apple cider vinegar (including the “mother”) and 2 cups fresh horsetail, or 1 to 1½ cups dried horsetail. Bring to a boil, then remove the pot from the stove. Cover and allow mixture to steep for 20 to 30 minutes. Cool, then add your choice of 15 drops of chamomile and/or lavender essential oil (remember to use pure, high quality oils). Transfer to a spray bottle. This spray can be used after a “shampoo” or simply sprayed on your dog’s wet or dry coat. The delightful smell of vinegar dissipates as his coat dries; you can also leave the rinse on for 10 to 15 minutes, and then rinse clear. Recipe 2: Fill a regular-sized Mason jar with ½ to �/� cup of dried horsetail. Add apple cider vinegar and fill to the top of the Mason jar. Add 15 drops of chamomile essential oil, and seal the jar. Let the mixture sit for two weeks in a cool, dark cupboard. Gently shake the Mason jar each day. When ready to use, strain the mixture, put it in a spray bottle, and use as above, adding lavender essential oil if you wish.

Date: June 7, 2021 Company: Sunshine Mills Inc. Contaminant: Salmonella What to do: Stop feeding product and call vet. Return unused portions to place of purchase for full refund; report adverse reactions at 800-705-2111 or customer.service@sunshinemills.com.

Products affected: • Sportsman’s Pride Professional Formula 30/20 Dog Food — 40 lb bags distributed in Mississippi, Florida, Tennessee, Louisiana, Virginia, North Carolina and Texas; best by date October 7, 2021; UPC code 7015510184. • Sprout Sporting Dog Food — 5 lb bags distributed in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota and North Dakota; best by date October. 6, 2021; UPC code 7015505101. • Sprout Sporting Dog Food — 40 lb bags distributed in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota and North Dakota; best by date October 6, 2021; UPC code 7015505100. • Intimidator Chicken & Rice Formula Dog Food 30/20 — 16 lb bags distributed in Texas, Mississippi, Florida and Alabama; best by date October 6, 2021; UPC code 7015541002. • Intimidator Chicken & Rice Formula Dog Food 30/20 — 40 lb bags distributed in Texas, Mississippi, Florida and Alabama; best by date, October 6, 2021; UPC code 5216631214. • FRM Gold Select High Performance Dog Food — 40 lb bags distributed in Georgia and Florida, best by date October 6, 2021; UPC code o1549905873.

Simple herbal salve Here is a really easy recipe for a soothing salve for your dog’s paws and pads. Don’t be concerned if he sneaks in a lick or two, because this salve contains only natural wholesome ingredients. In a small pot, over low heat, mix �/� cup of first pressed/extra virgin olive oil, 1 tablespoon of grated beeswax, 1 teaspoon of coconut oil, and 1 teaspoon of shea butter until the ingredients have just melted. Stir well throughout the process. Add 10 to 15 drops of high quality chamomile essential oil, and for an extra special touch, a few fresh lavender flowers. Pour the mixture into a small, dark or opaque glass container, and allow your salve to cool completely. If you like, add 10 drops of vitamin E oil as a natural antioxidant and preservative.

Date: June 13, 2021 Company: Freshpet Inc. Contaminant: Salmonella What to do: Stop feeding product and dispose of it. Request refund at freshpet.co/ssdb21 and/or call 1-866-789-3737 or visit freshpet.com.

Product affected: • Freshpet Select Small Dog Bite Size Beef and Egg Recipe — 1 lb bag sold at Publix in Florida, South Carolina, and Georgia, and limited Target locations in Arizona and Southern California; best by date October 30, 2021. Animal Wellness

EYE CARE

Keeping your dog’s

eyeshealthy By Carmen M. H. Colitz, DVM, MS, DACVO, MBA, and Terri L. McCalla, DVM, MS, DACVO

While many canine eye diseases are “silent”, a rudimentary understanding of eye anatomy, and some of the signs and symptoms to look for, can help you keep your dog’s eyes healthy.

When you gaze into your dog’s eyes, you connect with his or her soul. But while you gaze, can you tell if he or she might have an eye problem? The answer is: usually not. Dogs will instinctively try to hide pain, including eye pain, and if they become blind in one eye they will shift to using the remaining eye. Dogs need to lose at least 80% of their vision before they make noticeable visual mistakes. This means dog parents typically only discover that their dogs have an eye problem later in the course

Animal Wellness

of the disease, rather than sooner. In this article, we’ll look at what you can do to help keep your dog’s eyes healthy, and how to recognize when there might be a problem.

CANINE EYE ANATOMY It’s important to know something about the anatomy of your dog’s eyes, so that if they appear abnormal, you’ll know to seek veterinary care.

The white area of the eye is the sclera; it rims the “clear windshield” part of the eye (cornea). The sclera is covered by a thin pink membrane (conjunctiva), which can become reddened and puffy (e.g. with allergies). The normal sclera is white at the top of the eye, and often slightly pink at the bottom. Dogs have third eyelids, which are thin membranes covered by conjunctiva and hidden in the lower inside corners of the eyes. Special muscles can voluntarily

pull the eye deeper into the eye socket (making the eye appear smaller or sunken), allowing the third eyelid to slide up and protect the cornea (some people describe this sliding as “the eye rolling back in the head”, but this is not what is happening). The iris is the colored part of the eye. It is typically brown but can be yellowish, blue, or sometimes Iris two colors (heterochromia). The pupil is round and black, and should constrict with light and dilate Pupil in darkness. In normal geriatric Sclera dogs, both pupils are typically a hazy bluish-gray color; this normal aging of the senile lens is called nuclear sclerosis. Functional vision is not affected unless the dog has also developed significant age-related

cataracts (cloudy lenses caused by lens protein breakdown, which can cause vision loss). Normal lenses should not be milky blue or white; if they are, it could indicate an advanced cataract.

GET TO KNOW YOUR DOG’S EYES • It is important to know what your dog’s eyes look like in their normal state. Take baseline reference photos, and

photos/videos of any eye issues that concern you. •D og eyes should be bright, shiny, clear, and of equal size. The pupils should also be the same size. • Shine a light in your dog’s eyes in darkness, to see what the “eye-shine” in the pupil space looks like. If it looks cloudy, it could be a sign of developing cataracts. • If discharge is present, evaluate whether it is wet, sticky, ropy and/ or crusty, and observe the color; is it clear, gray, yellow, green, red, brown, or reddish-brown? When do you see it? Is it constant, or primarily present in the mornings? Normal dog eyes typically have discharge; some healthy dogs have a small gray bead of discharge, or a small dried gray/brown crust (“sleeper”) at the inside corner of the eye. If the discharge becomes excessive or changes in color, contact your veterinarian.

Animal Wellness

Support eye health from the inside Along with checking your dog’s eyes for any signs of injury or disease, and having eye examinations done regularly by your veterinarian, you can also support eye health from the inside out. One easy way to do this is to provide a daily, lifetime vision supplement containing special antioxidants that include lutein, Omega-3 fatty acids, and grape seed extract, in addition to lycopene or astaxanthin.

SIGNS OF EYE PAIN Eye pain varies in kind and intensity, depending on the problem:

q An eye wound (e.g. corneal ulcer)

Special circumstances q If your dog is diabetic, he

or she is at high risk for developing blinding cataracts — literally overnight in some dogs. Monitor the pupils for cloudiness, and test the vision with treats or an obstacle course. Diabetic cataracts are a medical emergency.

w Have your dog DNA tested

for PRA (progressive retinal atrophy). If the test is positive, start your dog on a daily, lifetime antioxidant vision supplement and see a veterinary ophthalmologist (see the two articles on oxidative stress in the blog section at acvo.org).

e Most bug-eyed

(brachycephalic) dogs (e.g. pugs, Shih tzus, French bulldogs, etc.) blink poorly and are more prone to eye injuries. Seek immediate care if you suspect an eye injury.

Animal Wellness

causes a sharp, stabbing pain.

w Intraocular inflammation (uveitis) or a lens shifting out of position (anterior lens luxation) causes a deep, constant, throbbing pain.

e Increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma) causes a dull, migraine headache-like pain.

Dogs can be either tough or wimpy when it comes to pain. Squinting is always a red flag, but some dogs with eye pain don’t squint and will only sleep more than usual, move less, and/or eat less. Excessive discharge can accompany clinical signs of eye pain. As mentioned above, eye discharge can also be gray, yellow, green, or bloody. In consistency, it can be watery, stringy, or thick like pus (i.e. mucopurulent discharge). The discharge can also be clear but may cause a reddish-brown stain around the eye. Compare the two eyes; if one is held a little more closed or completely closed, there’s a problem. Another sign of pain is if your dog rubs at either eye with a paw or on the carpet or sofa.

GETTING A DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Be sure to have your dog’s eyes checked regularly by a veterinarian. There is no substitute for routine eye examinations because many serious canine eye diseases are “silent” and dog parents cannot detect them until it is too late. Many canine eye diseases require urgent diagnosis and treatment, and once advanced, they can cause chronic pain and/ or permanent vision loss. But by learning about some of the early signs of canine eye problems, you’ll be better equipped to know when to seek veterinary care. And don’t forget your “sixth sense”! If you feel something is “off” with one or both of your dog’s eyes, trust your instincts and seek veterinary care. Keep in mind that, depending on the problem, it might not be possible for your veterinarian to accurately diagnose and/or treat your dog’s eye disease, so he or she might refer you to a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist. Alternatively, you can contact a veterinary ophthalmology practice to seek specialty care (for more information, visit acvo.org). Your dog’s eyes are more than just windows to his or her soul. They’re also vital to well-being and quality of life, so be sure to factor their health into your best friend’s care regimen.

Animal Wellness

Talking about

NATURAL REMEDY

turmeric – can it help treat cancer in dogs and cats? By W. Jean Dodds, DVM

D gs Cats Turmeric has been in the news a lot in recent years, not only for the distinctive flavor it adds to our cuisine, but also for its healing properties. More specifically, turmeric has been touted as a way to help battle cancer in both people and animals. Let’s take a deeper look at this ancient culinary and medicinal spice and how it can be used to help benefit dogs and cats with cancer.

FAST FACTS ABOUT TURMERIC • Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a flowering plant and a member of the ginger family. There are 30 to 50 species of turmeric in Asia, primarily in India and Thailand, where it has been used for centuries. • Its major chemical constituent is curcumin, which is golden yellow, smells like mustard, and tastes like black pepper; it is approved worldwide as a food additive. • Turmeric is a major part of Ayurveda, Siddha, and Traditional Chinese Medicine, and is used not only for people but also for animals as a common food ingredient and supplement. • Among its many properties, turmeric protects foods from sunlight, is used in

Animal Wellness

Turmeric is an ancient medicinal spice with an array of healing qualities. It may even be helpful for treating cancer in dogs and cats. chemical analysis as an indicator for acidity and alkalinity, and relieves mild digestive problems, such as feelings of fullness and flatulence.

Cautions:

• Some supplements contain black pepper to potentiate turmeric activity, but it’s important know that this can produce significant adverse effects in animals, including death. • Turmeric products can be adulterated, and may contain cheaper, toxic agents and added color in the form of lead oxide. So it’s important to do your homework and look for quality products. • Curcumin could increase the risk of certain bladder and kidney stones. • It can interact with other herbs and drugs, although the overall risk is relatively low. • The health benefits of standard curcumin are limited by poor solubility, low gut absorption, and rapid elimination. Adding olive oil or fish oils can help increase absorption.

Editor's note: Turmeric essential oil is also used to enhance absorption — for more info on how to choose a safe and effective curcumin supplement for your animal, turn to page 79.

TURMERIC’S POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS While there is no solid scientific evidence that curcumin reduces inflammation, turmeric extracts could be beneficial for a variety of ailments. They may: • Relieve symptoms of knee osteoarthritis • Help gastrointestinal upset • Reduce liver damage from certain drugs • Inhibit blood clotting.

TURMERIC POWDER — nutrient breakdown 60% to 70% carbohydrates 6% to 13% water 6% to 8% protein 5% to 10% fat 3% to 7% dietary minerals 3% to 7% essential oils (contains more than 30 essential oils) 2% to 7% dietary fiber 1% to 6% curcuminoids

CURCUMIN AND CANCER The use of nutraceuticals is steadily increasing — including in human and animal oncology — despite the fact that our knowledge of their mechanisms of action is still limited. Dietary changes are recognized as helping to prevent 30% to 40% of cancers, and turmeric has long been touted to be beneficial to people and animals with cancer.

Turmeric’s effects against cancer: • Has anti-proliferative effects against colon and pancreatic cancers • Inhibits blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) • Protects against premature cell death (apoptosis) • Increases DNA epigenetic methylation, which modifies gene function and regulation • Silences expression of certain genes. • Reduces the risk of cancer metastasis. While curcumin has no immune-suppressive effects, it is said to help restore immune function in cancer patients. It does have antioxidant properties, although cellular immune function mediated by the thymus gland is reduced in tumor patients. A published in vitro study from Cornell University in 2017 showed that using turmeric and rosemary leaf extracts together in animals created a synergistic response that induced cell death better than using either extract alone. The canine tumor cell lines that were studied include mastocytoma, mammary cancer, and osteosarcoma. Meanwhile, the Colorado State University Animal Cancer Center demonstrated in another in vitro study that turmeric can help stop cancer cell growth in cats even given the relatively poor ability of felines to metabolize certain drugs. While more research needs to be done on turmeric’s benefits against cancer (and other diseases), the evidence so far indicates promise, and makes this ancient healing spice worth considering as part of a dog or cat’s cancer treatment plan.

Case studies Shelly

A five-year-old intact female retriever named Shelly was diagnosed with mammary cancer affecting the two caudal mammary glands on her right side. She underwent radical mastectomy of the right mammary chain and an ovario-hysterectomy, but follow-up chemotherapy was declined. About eight months later, Shelly developed swelling and firmness of the left caudal mammary chain. The caregiver requested a natural nutraceutical and diet therapy approach, which included: • Promoting DNA methylation* (turmeric/curcumin, folate, cruciferous vegetables, S-adenosyl methionine, vitamins B6 and B12) • Green leafy and yellow orange vegetables • Herbs (bromelain and ginger) • Milk thistle (Silybum marianum, has active flavonoids) • Berries (blueberries, cranberries, chokeberry) and pomegranates • Medicinal mushrooms • Prebiotics (spirulina) and probiotics; beta glucans • Vitamin D3 with cholecalciferol; vitamin C • Omega-3 fatty acids Within four months of starting these supplements and foods, Shelly’s mammary swellings and firmness had completely disappeared! * Changes in DNA and its resulting methylation are important for

maintaining healthy DNA, and normally increase with aging, help detox environmental influences such as exposure to smoke and secondhand smoke, and stabilize dietary imbalances or deficiencies. These biochemical alterations to the DNA rely in part on folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and choline, along with other vitamins and minerals. Increasing dietary intake of these nutrients can help support DNA methylation.

Loki

A neutered white American bulldog named Loki developed multiple small, raised skin masses on his head, across his back and down both sides. At first these were thought by his veterinarian to be warts, but biopsy showed them to be mast cell tumors. Therapy included low-dose steroids to decrease inflammation and reduce the effects of mast cell degranulation associated with this tumor, along with antihistamines and antacids. Loki was also switched to a diet of gluten-free, grassfed meat, vegetables and fruit, and given a pet turmeric supplement. The tumors gradually shrank, dried up, and disappeared in two months. His caregiver believed the turmeric was an essential part of his healing. Animal Wellness

Caring senior dog

GOLDEN YEARS

FOR YOUR

By Andrea Gronwald

Time flies — especially when it comes to our dogs. Seemingly overnight, our once young puppies with boundless energy suddenly age into senior dogs. Although they’re still the same lovable companions they always were, their needs change as they get older. We have to pay close attention to the subtle signs of aging and discomfort so we can provide our dogs with the best possible care before minor issues turn into something serious. In addition to providing regular veterinary care, here are some things you can do to make your own senior’s life easier, while also keeping him fit and mobile.

Animal Wellness

Your dog’s needs will change as he ages, slows downs, and experiences a decline in activity levels, cognition, vision and hearing. Being aware of those needs, and taking steps to accommodate them, will help ensure your senior dog enjoys his final years to the fullest.

TIPS TO MAKE HIS LIFE EASIER

bowls. Keep his nails short and the hair under his paws trimmed.

Provide non-slip flooring surfaces As dogs get older, it becomes increasingly difficult for them to walk on slippery surfaces. Make sure your flooring provides sufficient traction to prevent injuries. Carpet is perfect, but if you have hardwood or tile floors, cover the areas your dog frequents with non-slip rugs or foam tiles. Make sure you also cover the area around your dog’s bed and food and water

Cater to achy joints If your senior dog has arthritis or other joint problems, it’s a good idea to provide resting places throughout the house. Some dog beds are specifically designed to alleviate joint pain. You may find that a thicker or elevated bed makes it easier for your dog to get in and out of bed. Pet stairs or ramps will help him get on the couch, the bed, and into the car; even if your dog is still able to jump, the impact on his joints could be harmful.

If you live in a large house, place water bowls in several areas so your dog doesn’t have to walk far to get a drink. Raised water and food bowls can alleviate the strain on his neck and back. However, there is some controversy around raised food bowls. Some studies suggest they may increase the risk of bloat in some breeds. This is a life-threatening condition, so check with your veterinarian to see if an elevated food bowl would be beneficial for your own dog. Create a safe environment for vision or hearing loss If your dog is losing his vision, assist him by keeping the furniture in the same place so he knows his way around. Make sure there are no obstacles in his way. Remove or cover objects with sharp edges to prevent injuries should your dog bump into them. For hearing loss, it’s a great idea to teach your dog hand signals as well as verbal cues. If he cannot hear you calling and tends to wander away, you may have to keep him on leash for his own safety. Give him a safe haven Some older dogs become less tolerant of puppies, children, or too much

commotion in general. Watch for stress signals, such as yawning, panting, looking away, or a stiff body. No matter what his age, your dog should have a safe haven somewhere in the house. This can be a bed or crate, a spot under a desk or in a corner where your dog can retreat to get away from it all. No one should be allowed to bother him when he’s in his safe spot. Check the temperature Older dogs may become more sensitive to heat and cold. In the cooler weather, make sure your dog’s bed is protected from any drafts. He may also need a sweater when he goes outside. When it’s hot, provide a cool place for him. Keep him in the shade when he’s outdoors, and don’t exercise him in the heat.

KEEPING YOUR SENIOR DOG FIT AND MOBILE Your dog may no longer to be able to run an agility course or go on strenuous hikes, but there are lots of other things you can and should do to keep him fit and mobile. Talk to your veterinarian before you start any new exercise program.

HEALTHCARE FOR THE SENIOR CANINE While some ailments are a normal part of getting older, don’t ascribe every change in your dog’s health to age. Whenever you notice a change in your dog’s behavior or appearance, it’s time for a vet visit. Common health problems in senior dogs include cancer, heart disease, kidney failure, diabetes, and arthritis. Dogs age faster than humans, and a lot can happen in a year, so most veterinarians recommend that senior dogs get checkups every six months. It is important for your older dog to maintain an ideal weight to help prevent health problems. This can be challenging when his metabolism slows down, and he can’t exercise as much as he used to. Feed him a healthy, high quality diet and treats. You may have to reduce the amount of food as he gets older — your vet or a canine nutritionist can help you determine how much to give him. Some dogs’ digestive systems may become more sensitive with age. A dog that used to be able to eat almost anything may now have gastric upsets from time to time, such as vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. If these issues become chronic or occur frequently, check with your veterinarian to rule out a serious illness.

• Several shorter walks a day are better than one or two long ones. Adjust your pace to your dog’s instead of asking him to walk faster; he may increase his speed for you even if it causes him pain. • Select easy routes that are appropriate for your dog’s physical abilities. • I f your dog has always enjoyed playing fetch or catching Frisbees, adjust the game by gently tossing the ball or toy from a short distance. Make sure he

can catch it without having to jump. •A gentle game of tug is another safe option. • Canine rehabilitation facilities offer physical therapy not only for injured dogs but also for seniors, with the goal of pain management, increasing range of motion and flexibility, and improving strength. Hydrotherapy is a great low-impact exercise for a dog with achy joints. A canine

physical therapist can also show you strengthening and stretching exercises you can do at home. • Other supplemental therapies that can help with mobility issues and pain management are massage, acupuncture, chiropractic manipulation, laser treatment, and TTouch. • Joint supplements may also be beneficial — consult your vet before starting any new supplements. Continued on page 38.

SIGNS OF AGING AND DISCOMFORT IN DOGS The age at which a dog is considered a senior depends on his breed and size. Generally, the larger the dog, the earlier he becomes a senior.

SLOWING DOWN

Many people notice an overall “slowing down”. An aging dog may become less active and sleep more during the day. He might need more time to recover from exercise and/or takes more breaks during play sessions.

WEIGHT CHANGES

Some older dogs gain weight while others look skinnier because they have lost muscle mass.

DECLINING SENSES

A dog’s hearing, vision, and sense of smell may also decline as he ages. • The cloudy eyes often seen in older dogs may not necessarily affect their vision. But if your dog doesn’t see squirrels running by, or if he frequently bumps into furniture and walls, his vision may be deteriorating. • If your dog does not respond to your voice or other sounds, he may be losing his hearing. • When he no longer finds all the treats you hide for him, it may be due to a decline in his sense of smell.

JOINT AND MOBILITY ISSUES

Joint pain and mobility concerns are among the most common health issues affecting senior dogs. Pay attention to the following signs of discomfort: • Limping • Difficulty getting up • Walking slowly

Animal Wellness

• Stiffness • Being hesitant to climb stairs, get into the car, or jump on the couch • Standing crouched or crooked •S hifting weight to the side in a sit position • Changes in gait • Licking or chewing a joint •P anting excessively when the weather isn’t hot •D rooling when no food is involved •F linching or showing aggression when touched in certain areas of the body • Lethargy • Whining or whimpering • Anxiety •B eing more clingy or keeping away from you •E ars flattened against the head •C hange in appetite, sleep pattern, or personality

COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION

A dog’s cognitive function tends to decline with age. Dogs with cognitive dysfunction require therapy and support. Talk to your veterinarian if you notice any of these signs: • Disorientation/confusion • Anxiety/restlessness • Irritability • Change in social interactions • Changes in sleep/wake cycles • House soiling when your dog never did this before • Decrease in activity • Excessive barking • Repetitive behavior, such as licking

Animal Wellness

Be patient, keep sessions short and fun, and only use positive training methods. Continued from page 36. Always watch for signs of fatigue during any kind of exercise. When your dog starts to slow down, walks away, or pants excessively, it’s time to stop. Even better, stop before he gets to that point.

MAINTAIN TRAINING AND MENTAL STIMULATION Enrichment in the form of play sessions, new toys, training, and exposure to new sights, sounds, and smells is helpful in maintaining brain health and cognitive function. Tricks When teaching your old dog new tricks, make sure you consider his physical abilities, and avoid high jumps or quick spins. Rolling over or “sitting pretty” might be uncomfortable or even painful for dogs with joint issues. Be patient, keep sessions short and fun, and only use positive training methods.

Animal Wellness

Training Regularly review his training cues, such as “sit”, “down”, or “come”. When pandemic conditions allow, consider enrolling your dog in a training class; some places tailor their curriculum to the needs of older dogs.

Games Scent work engages your dog’s natural ability to locate the source of certain smells. You can also hide treats around your house or yard for him to find. Treatdispensing toys and puzzle games are another great way to make him work for food and stimulate his mind.

Socialization Continue to socialize your senior with people and other dogs and animals, provided he enjoys interacting with them. Make sure you select appropriate playmates; a rambunctious adolescent dog will likely be too much for a senior. Interesting walks Walk your dog in interesting areas where he can experience different scents, sounds, and sights. Dogs love to explore, and it’s a great way to provide mental stimulation and physical exercise at the same time. Life with your senior dog will bring some new challenges, but also many beautiful moments. Enjoy every one of them!

How massage benefits senior dogs and cats

MODALITY HIGHLIGHT

By Regan Macaulay

From easing joint discomfort to alleviating anxiety, massage therapy offers both physical and psychological benefits to senior dogs and cats. Almost all dogs and cats can benefit from massage therapy. However, I have found that elderly animals make up the bulk of my canine and feline massage clients. Senior animals tend to require pain management and medications more than their younger counterparts, and massage therapy is something that can contribute significantly to their health and well-being.

HOW DOES MASSAGE THERAPY HELP OLDER ANIMALS? Let's consider all the ways massage therapy supports overall health in dogs and cats, because they usually help twofold when it comes to senior animals! • Massage strokes help prevent lesions and loosen and stretch muscles, tendons, and ligaments. It also helps increase range of motion by nourishing and lubricating joints, which in turn improves movement and strength. Increased strength equals improved muscle tone and elasticity. As an animal ages, the probability of joint issues, including arthritis, increases. Massage becomes not only a preventive measure, but a way of relieving pain caused by muscle spasm, as well as tightness in tendons and ligaments. • Massage also relieves pain in muscles that are compensating for limbs with arthritis or other joint issues. • Circulation is improved overall, encouraging veins to carry away waste products, and arteries to carry a steady

flow of oxygen and nutrients to keep cells healthy. Lymphatic circulation is also increased by massage, as lymph fluid drains more readily into glands where it can be cleansed of toxins. The boost that massage gives to the circulatory system can be extra helpful for seniors, but contraindications must also be considered as aged animals are more likely to suffer heart-related conditions or cancer. In these animals, a short, light massage can be performed, providing relief to superficial muscles without affecting circulation. • Older dogs and cats are a little more likely to be overweight or even obese. The heat created by massage will soften fat tissue, breaking down solid fat deposits. Coupling massage treatments with a scheme of weight reduction and exercise can help slim down your animal. • Massage therapy can also improve the senior animal’s coat and skin, increase body temperature, and warm the muscles. Massage therapy is an excellent choice for your senior dog or cat, whether you’re complementing traditional medication and/or other alternative treatments, or you wish to stave off the use of medication if possible. Always check with your vet to discuss if massage therapy is right for your animal, and to check out any possible contraindications. Regan Macaulay owns Kuri K9 Massage, a mobile Certified Canine and Feline Massage Therapy business in the Toronto, Ontario area. She offers Swedish and other massage therapies (such as Lymphatic Drainage and Reflexology massage) to her clients’ fur babies in the comfort of their own homes. She also offers Distance Reiki.

D gs Cats

MASSAGE ALSO OFFERS PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS Touch and massage are very comforting experiences that can generate trust and relaxation in animals. I find that older dogs and cats often develop anxiety issues that did not necessarily exist to the same degree in their younger years, so this comfort is usually most welcome. The psychological boost massage provides also helps senior pets that are susceptible to depression or experiencing diminished mental function, giving them more energy and a feeling of well-being. These psychological effects can impact a senior animal’s physical health as well. Illnesses can take hold when stress diminishes the body's immune system. Massage therapy reduces both the physical and mental components of stress, which in turn helps the body feel balanced and able to defend itself. It is especially important to keep a senior animal's immune system in top shape, as an older body has more difficulty fighting off illnesses. Decreased nerve activity can also be an issue; massage can help to stimulate an older animal’s nervous system.

Animal Wellness

FELINE BEHAVIOR

4 steps to your cat

By Tonya Wilhelm

Successfully litter-training your new cat or kitten involves several important steps, from choosing the right litter box, to making sure you keep it clean.

Adopting a cat or kitten? Before you bring your new friend home, make sure you have a litter box strategy in place so you can help ensure the training process goes as smoothly as possible. Litter box issues are one of the biggest behavioral problems seen by veterinarians and cat specialists, but by properly preparing your kitty's potty area before her arrival, you can set her up for success. This article will help your new feline friend take to her litter box with no stress or mess.

Step 1

CHOOSE THE RIGHT LITTER BOX

• Open, low, and large tends to be the design that most cats prefer. Litter boxes that have high sides can be a

Animal Wellness

challenge for kittens or senior cats. If you are considering a litter box with high sides, ensure the entrance is low to allow easy access for your cat. • Litter boxes are often too much on the small size. Ideally, your cat’s litter box should be one-and-a-half times the length of the cat. You want her to have plenty of room to move around, and without having to pop her butt out of the box. Believe it or not, litter boxes designed for dogs can be a great idea for your cat. They tend to be large, shallow, and not too tall. Plastic storage containers and bins are other options, but again, make sure the sides aren’t too high for your cat or kitten.

• Although we may prefer covered litter boxes, they can make many cats feel trapped. In addition, when your cat starts digging around and doing her business, the smell and dust can generate an unhealthy environment for her. Choosing a litter box without a cover is physically better and likely less stressful for many kitties. •S elf-cleaning litter boxes may sound like a good idea, but the noise the scooping mechanism makes right after your cat leaves it can be scary to her. She may even find it so off-putting that she chooses to avoid the litter box altogether. I also personally find self-cleaning litter boxes dirty because the poo just gets trapped in the claws of the machine.

Step 2

PLACE THE LITTER BOX IN A GOOD LOCATION

•Y our cat's litter box should be placed in a spot that is quiet and away from hightraffic areas, but is also quick and easy to access. Avoid a loud laundry room, or any other place that can be noisy. A location that is clean and nicely lit is also preferred. Kittens are easily distracted, and you don't want to choose a spot that is cluttered and may distract your cat from her potty objective. • Privacy is king. When your cat goes to use or investigate her litter box, you may be tempted to hover over her. Instead, look away and give her the privacy she needs. This also goes for any children in the house as well as any other pets. • Toilets do not belong in dining rooms or kitchens. Not only do we not want her litter box there — but she doesn’t either. Nobody wants to eat where they poop, so don’t place your cat's litter box near her food, water, or even her sleeping area.

Still not using the litter box?

If your cat or kitten isn’t catching on with the litter box, despite your following all the suggestions in this article, a call to the veterinarian is in order. There are a variety of medical reasons why a cat may not use her litter box. Your veterinarian should rule out such conditions as kidney disease, arthritis or other joint issues, diabetes, urinary tract infection, crystals, and hyperthyroidism to name a few. Once all medical issues are ruled out, consulting a cat behavior expert is the next step.

• The rule of thumb is one litter box for every cat in the house, plus an extra. If you have one cat, two litter boxes are ideal. If you have multiple floors, locate a litter box on each level.

Step 3

DECIDE ON A CAT LITTER

• My first suggestion is to start with the litter your new cat or kitten is accustomed to using. Ask the shelter or

Animal Wellness

Open, low, and large tends to be the litter box design most cats prefer.

eating any clumping litter. If you notice her playing with her litter, just make a smooching noise and toss a few of her toys around to attract her attention. r escue group which type and brand they were using. If they are willing to send you home with a little used litter, that’s even better. It may seem odd, but placing some of the cat’s used litter on top of the new litter will encourage her to use the box. It tells her that this spot is her toilet. • Keep in mind that your starting litter choice may not be your final selection, depending on what the shelter was using. Once you find your cat is using her litter box, you can slowly transition the litter type to a more natural product by mixing them half-and-half, and adding the new litter to the old until you’re using the natural product. • If your cat is a stray, starting with two litter types is a great idea — one type in one box, the other in the second. Think about where she was living before she came to you. Was she likely eliminating in loose dirt? Sand? Stones? Try to find a litter with a similar texture. The depth of litter is also important to cats. Typically, they prefer about two inches. • It’s important to remember that kittens investigate their environment through their mouths, so make sure she’s not

Animal Wellness

Step 4

KEEP THE LITTER BOX CLEAN

• Scoop your cat’s litter at least once a day. She won’t like a dirty bathroom any more than you would. Not only will keeping the litter box clean encourage her to use it, but it’ll also help keep your home clean since she won’t be tracking urine or excrement around the house. • Regularly changing all the litter in the box is also important. How often

you need to do this depends on the litter you choose, and your personal preference. A clean litter box should be odor-free. For a one-cat family, daily scooping and weekly litter changes tend to work well. When you change out the litter, clean the box with soap and water. If the litter box ever gets to a point where it isn’t cleaning properly, toss it out and purchase a new one. A cat is a lifetime commitment and she will bring much joy into your life. Remember to keep her litter box accessible, quiet, and clean.

New study reveals

NEWSWORTHY

TRAINING METHODS LINKED TO AGGRESSION IN CATS According to a recent study conducted by the University of Guelph, aggression in cats can be prevented with the right training techniques.

Cat parents can play an important role in preventing aggressive behavior in their felines, a University of Guelph study suggests. Lead author Kristina O’Hanley, a PhD candidate in the Ontario Veterinary College’s Department of Population Medicine, states that cats show less aggression toward caretakers who use positive reinforcement to manage unwanted behaviors. Instances of aggression were more severe in homes where caretakers used verbal commands like “no!”, made loud noise when scolding their cats, or held them by the scruff of the neck.

FROM SHELTERS TO ADOPTIVE HOMES While these findings relate to cats in adoptive homes, the study was originally designed to explore how experiences as a kitten affect adult cat behavior. This is the first study of its kind to focus on whether the early rearing experiences of kittens contribute to aggressive behavior later in life. Data from animal shelters was used to analyze those early experiences, and then cat parents were surveyed about their later experiences with the cats in their homes.

EARLY EXPERIENCES HAVE FEW EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR Shelters generally place young kittens in foster homes to protect them from disease and ensure they receive appropriate care and socialization. Some kittens come in with their mothers and littermates, but others come in alone and require bottle feeding. The study looked at an array of circumstances in the cats’ early lives while in foster care, including being reared with the mom versus being bottle-fed; being reared with siblings versus being a singleton; and each cat’s weaning and “re-homing” age. While previous research suggested these types of early experiences can influence levels of fear and aggression in later life, this study found no such evidence.

current cat behavior, the home and social environment. Early management details for these cats as kittens were extracted from Guelph Humane Society shelter records. The findings, published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science, show that 35% of the cats included in the study had swatted and bitten people, and that female cats were more likely to show aggression toward caretakers and other cats. According to Dr. Lee Niel, a professor in the Department of Population Medicine and the Col. K.L. Campbell Chair in Companion Animal Welfare, aggressive behavior can be a safety concern for humans and cats and result in neglect, abuse, relinquishment, and euthanasia for cats.

“Surprisingly, we saw few effects of the early management of shelter kittens on adult cat behavior,” O’Hanley said. “Most of the effects that we saw related to how the cat was managed in the home after adoption.”

“Further research is needed to determine whether cats become aggressive because of verbal and physical corrections, or if people are more likely to use these methods on a cat that is aggressive,” says Dr. Niel.

TRAINING IN THE HOME NEEDS TO BE POSITIVE

However, the fact remains that punishment is far more likely to result in aggressive behavior than positive training methods.

A total of 260 people who adopted cats aged one to six years completed a survey that included questions on

uoguelph.ca Animal Wellness

6 fun things summer to do with your dog this

By Jennifer Hinders

Even as the pandemic seems to be winding down, it remains important to follow any existing restrictions as long as they’re in place. So if you’re looking for some fun things to do with your dog this summer, and aren’t sure what’s available to you, check out this list of six fun and simple ideas.

2. Do a photoshoot Find the perfect location to take pics. Bring lots of treats to motivate your buddy to keep posing, as well as some water in case he gets thirsty. Try one of these locations as a backdrop – just make sure beforehand that they’re dog-friendly, and follow the regulations: Beach — Water, sand and sun make beautiful settings for a photoshoot. Choose a time of day that gives you the best sunlight without too much shade. Mornings and evenings are great, and won’t be too hot for your dog. Allow your pooch to romp in the surf or run along the beach for awesome action shots. Favorite park — Parks provide plenty of natural beauty in dog photos. Every season offers a unique backdrop. In the summer, colorful flower beds make a great setting — just don’t let your dog trample the gardens!

1. Enjoy a long walk You and your dog need regular exercise. Taking a long walk is a great way for you both to stay fit. For a dog, going for a walk is more than just a potty break — it also provides mental stimulation and socialization. And it’s a great way for the two of you to bond and enjoy the outdoors together.

Animal Wellness

Field or wooded area — If safe and permitted, allow your dog to run around in a field or wooded area while you take photos (watch out for ticks, though — see sidebar on opposite page). For different effects, choose different times of the day to take your pictures. Backyard — Sometimes, the best place to take photos is in your own backyard. Give your dog a new toy to play with while you take pics of him, or throw a ball for him to get some action shots.

3. Engage your dog in interactive play Playing with your dog reinforces communication, strengthens your bond, and improves obedience. Try a variety of toys to see which one he likes best. Once you find his favorite, try to make it even more fun by moving it around or throwing it for your dog to chase. Some of the best-loved dog toys are often those that have been around for years like balls, Frisbees or rope pulls.

5. Go swimming together Whether you have a pool in your backyard or just bought a kiddie pool, your dog will love splashing and cooling off in the water with you. Afterwards, don’t be surprised if your dog runs around the yard or rolls around in the grass. Called the ”zoomies,” this familiar behavior occurs when a dog gets a rush of energy after a bath or swimming. It’s thought this activity could be a release of nervous energy — or it could be that your dog just feels good after his time in the water!

4. Practice basic commands Giving your dog a training refresher doesn’t have to be work! In fact, it’s a fun way to hang out together. It keeps your dog mentally sharp and physically challenged. Revisit the basic commands you’ve taught your dog — or teach him some new tricks such as high five, or jump through a hoop. When you teach your dog new tricks, it not only improves his health, but boosts your confidence as a dog parent.

6. Create an agility course in your backyard A backyard agility course doesn’t need to be expensive or elaborate. Use items you have around the house such as two laundry baskets to hold a broom handle for jumping over, a children’s playground slide or cloth tunnel. Agility courses provide many benefits for your dog such as mental stimulation, exercise, better obedience, and an improved relationship with you. They also give your dog a full-body workout since he will need to jump, climb, crawl, and run through the various obstacles. Once your dog has learned the course, challenge him by changing out the obstacles or move the course to a different part of your yard. This is guaranteed to be fun for both of you!

Summer safety

When engaging in more strenuous activities, such as hiking, running or playing, remember to consider your dog’s health and well-being. • Heat stroke is a real concern, so keep sessions short if the weather is sultry, or else save them for the mornings and evenings, when the temps are bit lower. • Make sure your dog will have access to water whenever he needs a drink — place a fresh bowl of water in your yard if you’re playing there, or carry water with you if you’re on the trail or at the park or beach.

• Try to keep your dog in the shade, or at least ensure he has access to shade if he wants it. • Don’t let your dog run through long grass or bushes if there are ticks in your area. Be sure to protect him with a dogfriendly repellent, and check him over for ticks afterwards.

These ideas are just the beginning. Get creative and try new activities with your dog!

Animal Wellness

2021

PROVED

PRODUCT

PICKS

What we love: Refills pop easily into the diffuser and last 45 days.

These supplements have it all! Looking for an optimal supplement for your dog? ALL-IN is packed with vitamins, minerals, Omegas, and prebiotics, paired with bioactive absorption technology. The patented, bioactive ingredient complexes are powered by a one-of-a-kind delivery system that “unlocks” your dog’s cells for maximum absorption.

vetericyn.com

What we love: Promotes bone, joint, digestive, cellular, mental, cardiovascular, and immune health.

Calm your cat with pheromones Is your cat hiding, scratching, urine marking or fighting? These are classic signs of feline stress. Powered by pheromones, the bSerene Calming Diffuser provides an effective, convenient way to ensure your cat is not stressed out at home — all day, every day. Think of it as an everyday kindness, a way to make your home more comfortable for your cat, 24/7.

bSerenePet.com

What we love: Also helps reduce pain and fatigue, improve energy levels, mobility and appetite.

Superior immune system support Strong immunity is one of the fundamentals of good health for your dog. Get him ready for the cooler weather with I’M-YUNITY® for Dogs. This immune-boosting, proprietary, medicinal mushroom extract features polysaccharopeptide (PSP), which can only be isolated from the Coriolus versicolor mushroom.

Stylish and sustainable! Looking for a unique collar for your dog? Flower Power is the newest addition to The Kenyan Collection’s line of sustainable leather beadwork accessories, and was designed by a very talented Maasai Mama. The leather comes from meat by-products that feed Kenyan families, and the buckles are made from scrap metal melted into handmade molds.

kenyancollection.com

Animal Wellness

What we love: This company provides valuable employment for African artisans.

Photo courtesy of Clockwork Carousel Photowerks & Design

imyunityfordogs.com

What we love:

Want to learn pet first aid? Knowing pet first aid means you’re prepared and empowered in case of an emergency with your dog or cat. Walks ‘N’ Wags Pet First Aid offers an online certification program that’s comprehensive and hands-on. Topics include bleeding, wounds, choking, CPR, prevention, early detection and more.

The program includes access to a complimentary tutor.

walksnwags.org

Complete nutrition for your dog For a premium recipe of free-range chicken, including necks, gizzards, and livers, along with organic vegetables such as carrots, lettuce, squash, sweet potato, celery, and parsley, look no further than Darwin’s Natural Selections Chicken. A good source of lean protein, vitamin A, iron, and important fiber, minerals, and vitamins, this diet provides complete nutrition for your dog.

darwinspet.com

What we love:

The spray isn’t sticky or oily!

Free of steroids, antibiotics, and hormones.

Fast relief for itchy ears and skin Is your best friend frantically scratching her ears and skin? These problems can be bacterial or fungal in nature, but there’s hope! Banixx Pet Care fights infection and swiftly eradicates these problems. The vet-recommended, non-toxic spray produces rapid results, with no sting or nasty odor. It’s safe around the eyes, and is effective and affordable! https://banixx.com/where-to-buy-banixx/ or https://banixx.com/product/banixx-pet-care-spray-8oz/

What we love:

Prebiotic dog treats Looking for top quality treats? Joulie Organics has launched the world’s first USDA-certified organic prebiotic dog treats with functional benefits. The holistically-formulated treats combine a revolutionary blend of prebiotics shown to support digestive and immune health with nutrient-rich superfoods.

They come in three delicious flavors that dogs love!

joulieorganics.com

Animal Wellness

ALTERNATIVE APPROACH

What

iridology

can tell you about your pet’s health By Lisa Fox Wright, DVM

By studying the iris of a dog or cat’s eye, a veterinarian trained in iridology can uncover important details about an animal’s health and well-being.

Your dog or cat’s eyes can tell you a lot about his health. In fact, iridology is a modality that helps practitioners garner information about an animal’s wellbeing by studying the iris of his eyes. It is not a diagnostic test, but more of a way to determine the location of issues within the body. In my own practice, I use iridology as another tool in my belt to help figure out abnormal health issues in my patients. This article covers how iridology works, and how it can be used in dogs and cats.

PUPIL SHAPE

HOW DOES THE IRIS RELATE TO BODILY HEALTH? We have all heard the old saying that “the eyes are the windows to the soul”, and it may be truer than we know. Some consider iridology a pseudoscience because it has not been documented in “modern” research methods. But this doesn’t make it fake. When a canine or feline (or human!) embryo is developing in the womb, the tissue that will ultimately form the iris of the eye is inherently and neurologically linked to all the other

tissues in the body. In other words, the tissues of the iris are directly connected via nerves to the brain and other parts of the body. Dr. Ignatz Von Pecezely was the primary founder of iridology. After witnessing an owl break a leg, he noticed that a small lesion showed up in the bird’s iris. This discovery led him to study the development of the iris during the embryonic stage, and he subsequently mapped the various areas of the body onto the iris. My own father had a lesion in his iris that correlated to cancer in the esophageal region. I found this lesion

GIVES FURTHER CLUES The shape of the pupil is also an indicator of different disease states. Oval pupils that point in a certain direction can indicate a predisposition to stroke. This is obviously more evident in humans and animals with circular pupils, but any change in pupil shape in a dog or cat should be noted.

Animal Wellness

six months before he was diagnosed with this cancer via conventional medicine. If that isn’t a reason to believe in and use iridology as a tool, then I don’t know what is.

IRIDOLOGY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE • When using iridology to help ascertain the state of a human’s health, we first look at the color of the iris. Green or hazel eyes are called biliary eyes in iridology. Green-eyed individuals may have more issues with their livers and gallbladders, along with fat or lipid problems. Blue eyes are also called lymphatic eyes and may indicate issues with lymph and immunity. Brown, also called hematogenic eyes, indicates more blood-related issues. These eye colors may be different in dogs and cats, but the concept holds that different eye colors are associated with predispositions for certain types of disease.

• Once we look at the predominant iris color, we look for any other colors that might be present. Yellow or orange could signify a liver issue, or a drug or toxin deposit, such as a heavy metal. Black and white lesions can indicate chronicity or acuteness, while other colors can indicate improper waste disposal within the body. • The sclera (white of the eye) also has stories to tell. Different

vessels can indicate medical issues as well as point to an area of the iris that correlates with a specific body region. Once we look at the color and the sclera, we then look at the iris areas themselves, checking for any lesions and other abnormalities.

• The iris has a certain amount of tightness in the weave of its tissues. The tightness or looseness of the weave correlates to the strength or weakness of the tissues in the entire body and is often referred to as the constitution. Individuals with a weak constitution often have more health issues than those with a strong or tightly-woven constitution. Animal Wellness

We have all heard the old saying that

“the eyes are the windows to the soul”, and it may be truer than we know.

• The irises of cats often exhibit “freckles” or

“iridal atrophy”, but conventional practitioners didn’t know to link them to anything other than the eye itself. However, the regions of the iris these lesions are found in can explain or point to other diseased areas in the body.

THE SEVEN OF THE IRIS

ZONES

In iridology, the iris is divided into seven zones:

1 2

The stomach zone is right around the pupil. The intestinal zone is inside the autonomic nerve wreath.

This central region of the iris around the pupil is very important as it correlates to the entire digestive system. Abnormal amounts of white around the pupil or a loose weave to the iris can signify too much acidity in the digestive tract. In the stomach and intestinal areas, we often see lesions called “radii solaris”. These extend from the pupil and look like furrows or the spokes on a wheel. They indicate gastrointestinal issues, such as toxin build-up within the gut, parasites, or even just a sluggish bowel that needs to be treated with diet and other changes. Beyond the nerve wreath, from the inside out, lie the other five layers:

3 4 5 6 7 50

Pancreas/kidneys/heart Respiratory system Brain/reproduction Liver/thyroid/lymphatic Skin

Animal Wellness

• Many of my patients have “stress rings” or “cramp rings” in their irises. They essentially look like the rings on a tree stump, and indicate a large amount of neural and muscle tension. These rings are often found in rescue animals that have been holding stress within their bodies. • In canine and feline patients prone to hyperlipidemia, or too much fat, we often see a lesion called a “lymphatic rosary”, which appears as a string of small white clouds in the outer zone of the iris. • The very outer edge of the iris is

representative of the skin layer. When this layer is dark, it indicates that normal skincleansing properties are not functioning correctly and toxins are building up which can later manifest as dermatitis or rashes. Lesions in the iris can look like holes and are termed lacuna. They are all different shapes and in different locations. Each shape corresponds to a different issue or degree of severity. My dad’s lesion was a jellyfish shape or “medusa lacuna” in the esophageal region of the iris, indicating a cancerous issue. We not only look at the shape and location of the lacuna, but also its depth and color tell us how chronic an issue may be. While I would not use iridology as a sole diagnostic tool, it can be useful in pinpointing an issue when other tests fail to reveal what is wrong with an animal patient. To learn more, visit spaceandmotion.com/health/iridology.htm.

product reviews Straight from the Animal Wellness Academy New Product Showcase, check out some of our hand-picked favorites!

Enhance their emotional well-being

Emotions drive behavior, and all dog and cat parents know it! So let’s fix your dog or cat’s emotions and resolve those behavior problems. Remedies from BlackWing Farms will make your animal family positively happy. Fast-acting, reliable, and gentle flower essences, essential oils, balms and more help animals feel safe, calm, and co-operative. The products are 100% sourced from sustainable flowers, weeds and trees. And as proof of their efficacy, they have successfully helped countless animals and people cope in the wake of manmade and natural disasters, for 45 years! blackwingfarms.com

Natural supplement nourishes organs and glands

When it comes to proper health, everything starts with how your dog or cat’s body is functioning on the inside. If organ function is out of balance, lethargy, weight gain, irregularity, and even poor behavior may result. Help restore that balance with Pet G.O. Powder, an advanced glandular supplement that helps nourish organs and glands at the cellular level, so your dog or cat can start feeling better from the inside out. Packed with healthy nutrients, vitamins, enzymes, and lipoproteins, this all-natural raw bovine-based formula is made to keep your best friend happy and healthy! mypetsfriend.com

Probiotics for digestion and better health!

For optimal health and happiness, your pet needs a smoothly-functioning digestive system. Naturalpaw’s Good Digestion — Probiotics & Digestive Enzymes includes six different strains of probiotics proven to be beneficial, along with all the digestive enzymes needed to assist animals in efficiently breaking down their food. Chicory inulin and pea fiber — both proven prebiotics — are also included. This potent product helps with digestive upsets and food intolerances, supports healthy digestion and provides healthy gut bacteria. naturalpaw.ca

Just adopted a dog? Check this out!

If you’ve adopted or rescued a new dog, you know he’ll need some help adjusting to his new home. ACANA® Rescue Care for Adopted Dogs is a delicious, nourishing kibble formulated to help support a shelter dog’s transition from the adoption environment to his or her forever home. The recipes were developed by veterinarians, in partnership with the ACANA in-house vet, and through shelter research and reviews by external veterinarians. Each diet includes prebiotics and fiber to support digestion, antioxidants for immune support, Omega-3 and Omega-6 to support skin and coat health, bone broth for flavor, and chamomile, which is known for its soothing qualities. championpetfoods.com

Visit AnimalWellnessAcademy.org to save on more high quality products, Animal Wellness 51 and gain 24/7/365 access to the most reliable and trustworthy pet information!

From the NASC

canine health and aging with astaxanthin

Support

As nature’s most powerful antioxidant, supplementing with astaxanthin benefits canine endurance, aging, vision health and more. By Karen Hecht, PhD

Daily antioxidants are known to support canine health in a variety of beneficial ways. They promote a healthy immune response, support eye health in aging dogs, and contribute to a normal inflammatory response. Antioxidants also help neutralize potentially harmful free radicals. Free radicals are reactive molecules produced both as by-products of the body’s natural physiology, and as a result of interaction with the environment. Antioxidants produced naturally by the body work together with dietary antioxidants to control and balance the level of free radicals in the body. When this balance is tipped in favor of free radical accumulation, oxidative stress and damage can occur to healthy cells. Oxidative stress can happen anywhere in the body, including in the muscles, eyes, skin, and brain. Since all antioxidants work somewhat differently, a varied diet containing many is the most beneficial.

Animal Wellness

ASTAXANTHIN, A NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT Astaxanthin can boost a dog’s antioxidant capacity, helping to control oxidative stress. Natural astaxanthin is a targeted mitochondrial ingredient whose antioxidant activity is reported to be higher than that of beta carotene, lutein and vitamin E.

Natural astaxanthin is red in color and belongs to the family of antioxidants called carotenoids, which are most commonly found in fruits and vegetables. However, unlike carotenoids such as the beta-carotene found in carrots, lycopene found in tomatoes, and lutein found in spinach, natural astaxanthin is found in redcolored seafoods like lobster, crab, shrimp and salmon. For dogs and

NATURAL ASTAXANTHIN IS:

2.6x

STRONGER THAN LUTEIN

4.9x

STRONGER THAN BETA-CAROTENE

110x

STRONGER THAN VITAMIN E

800x 6000x

STRONGER THAN COQ10

STRONGER THAN VITAMIN C

OXIDATIVE

STRESS IN BOTH AGING AND ACTIVE DOGS

Using antioxidants to manage oxidative stress in healthy, aging dogs has been shown through studies to benefit learning and cognition. Studies have also shown that an antioxidant-rich diet helps combat levels of oxidation in both aging and active dogs.

people, the main dietary source of natural astaxanthin is wild salmon. However, salmon is a rare protein in commercial dog food, and a dog would have to consume four filets of wild king salmon daily to get a beneficial amount of astaxanthin. This is why adding a quality natural astaxanthin supplement to your dog's diet is so important. Natural astaxanthin has some features that make it unique among antioxidants:

» I t is one of nature’s most powerful antioxidants, which means it is very good at quenching free radicals. One study revealed that astaxanthin is 6,000 times stronger than vitamin C, 110 times stronger than vitamin E, and even three to five times stronger than its cousin carotenoids, lutein and beta carotene.

»A staxanthin is a fat-soluble

antioxidant that can access cell membranes, unlike water-soluble

antioxidants. This is important because cell membranes are made of lipids, which are especially sensitive to oxidation. Natural astaxanthin has a unique structure that can span the cell membrane from end to end for better membrane coverage and antioxidant protection.

» T hough it favors all membranes,

as much as 50% of all membrane-bound astaxanthin has been found in mitochondrial membranes, the energyproducing parts of the cell that also produce free radicals as a by-product of their metabolic activity. This means that natural astaxanthin is poised at the site of free radical production to help neutralize these unstable molecules before they start a chain reaction that can damage healthy mitochondria and tissue.

• Aging dogs tend to have their balance tipped toward oxidative stress. As a dog ages and his body’s ability to naturally produce antioxidants deteriorates, free radicals begin to accumulate. Older dogs accumulate oxidized proteins and lipids, which can affect canine health in many ways. In one study, dogs with senile dementia had 400% more oxidized protein and 250% more oxidized lipids in their brains, compared to their age-matched healthy counterparts. • Active and working dogs also experience significant oxidative stress. Aerobic exercise can cause free radical accumulation. This is because muscles produce energy using mitochondria, which are the powerhouses of the cell. Mitochondria burn oxygen, carbs and fat to produce the energy that powers cells, but this energy production also produces free radical by-products. The more active the dog, and the more energy consumed, the more free radicals are produced. This leads to damage of healthy muscle tissue, which can affect endurance, performance and recovery.

Dr. Karen Hecht is the Scientific Affairs Manager at AstaReal Inc., producer and purveyor of the most studied brand of natural astaxanthin. She studied algal molecular biology as a postdoctoral associate at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Dr. Hecht earned her PhD in Biological Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh, and a BSc in Biochemistry from the University of Toronto. She has spoken at conferences, on radio shows, and podcasts on the subject of natural astaxanthin as an ingredient for animal and human health. Animal Wellness

CANCER CARE

COULD INTRALESIONAL CHEMOTHERAPY

BE AN OPTION FOR YOUR DOG OR CAT? Because it directly targets tumors while bypassing systemic circulation, intralesional chemotherapy produces fewer side effects in dogs and cats than traditional chemo. Find out if this innovative cancer treatment might be right for your own animal.

D gs Cats Every year, I treat many dogs and cats with cancer. I’m happy to be able to offer a holistic approach for these animals, most of whom will not benefit from chemotherapy, but will benefit from detoxification and immune support. Sometimes traditional chemotherapy is helpful for selected animals, but if possible, I prefer intralesional chemotherapy rather than oral or injectable chemo. In this article, I’ll discuss this exciting treatment and its application for dogs and cats.

Animal Wellness

By Shawn Messonnier, DVM

WHAT IS INTRALESIONAL CHEMOTHERAPY? An innovative way to treat animals with solid tumors in to inject the tumors directly with the chemotherapy medicine. Certain solid tumors respond beautifully to injectable chemotherapy. (In my practice, I also inject various herbs and homeopathics to stimulate an immune, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying response.)

Intralesional chemotherapy puts the drug right into the tumor, bypassing the systemic circulation (the drug is eventually picked up by the systemic circulation, but at lower doses than if injected systemically, minimizing or eliminating side effects). This allows very little of the chemotherapy drug to affect the body at one time, but puts large amounts directly into the cancer cells that make up the tumor.

CANCERS THAT RESPOND TO INTRALESIONAL CHEMO Here are some cancers that may respond to intralesional chemotherapy (and have in my own practice):

Soft tissue sarcomas In dogs, isolated soft tissue sarcomas can often be removed surgically. This can be curative, but for tumors on the limbs, amputation may be needed as these sarcomas recur following surgery. To minimize recurrence, or in place of surgery, intralesional 5-FU can be injected into the tumor. If this injection is done in addition to surgical removal, I inject the area around the tumor at the time of surgery to try to kill any remaining

cancer cells. Alternatively, the injection can be done postoperatively, usually under mild sedation. I have had good success with this therapy. Although a cure may not be possible on limb tumors, the injections can be repeated as needed and I’ve never seen side effects. However, 5-FU cannot be used in cats, as it is fatal in this species.

Isolated lymphoma While lymphoma is usually a systemic disease requiring systemic chemotherapy for rapid remission, a solitary lymphoma tumor occasionally arises. For these cases, I’ll inject a corticosteroid directly into the tumor (always under sedation to make it comfortable for the patient). Because cancerous lymphocytes are easily killed by steroids, this treatment typically

A new intralesional chemotherapy drug A new drug called Stelfonta has just been released for the treatment/cure of solitary mast cell cancers in dogs. While it shows promise for selected tumors in dogs, I have a few concerns. First, the drug works by killing the cancer via the tumor’s death. The tumor essentially dies and falls off the dog, leaving a large hole in its place. This wound requires ongoing care until the site is healed, typically in four to eight weeks. My concern is with whether or not the client would want to deal with a large wound in his or her dog, and provide the necessary care until healing is completed. Personally, I wouldn’t want a “hole” in my body where a tumor was unless this was the only treatment available. Since I have achieved good results using intralesional therapies that heal without leaving an open wound, I prefer to continue using my current protocol.

Animal Wellness

Myths about chemotherapy q Chemo is always dangerous. In

dogs and cats, chemotherapy is rarely dangerous. Side effects such as vomiting and diarrhea may occur, as in people, but hair loss is rare and usually temporary if does happen. In most animals, however, side effects are not seen because the doses of chemo are much lower than those used in people, in order to prevent the very side effects typically seen in human cancer patients (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, lack of appetite, etc.) This is great, but due to these lower doses, chemotherapy tends to be less effective in animals (meaning cures are rare) than in people with similar cancers. Side effects that are common in both animals and people involve fluctuating blood cell counts, which is why blood testing needs to be done frequently (red cell, white cell, and platelet counts are done to determine if it’s safe to give the next chemo dose.)

w Chemo is always needed. For

most cancers, chemotherapy is not needed and will not be helpful. Solid tumors can often be cured by surgical removal.

e Chemo is never needed. On

the other hand, chemotherapy can be life-saving for certain cancers. For example, animals with leukemias and lymphomas need immediate chemotherapy to get them into remission. Then, natural therapies can be used to correct immune imbalances and allow for detoxification.

r Chemo always needs to be given

systemically. While some chemo is best given orally or by injection under the skin or into the vein, there are times when chemo is best given intralesionally.

Animal Wellness

causes the tumor to shrink or disappear almost overnight. However, this will not usually cure the animal, as the tumor can recur. Additional injections are given as frequently as needed, but at some point the cancerous lymphocytes will develop resistance to the injected steroids, making intralesional chemo no longer effective.

Case report: One of my cases involved a Bichon with an oral lymphoma tumor. I injected the tumor about half a dozen times over the course of 12 months before it became non-responsive to treatment and euthanasia was needed. The dog parent was thrilled that I was able to give her another year with her dog when every other vet recommended immediate euthanasia. Mast cell tumors This is yet another tumor that responds well to intralesional corticosteroid injection. While I prefer to remove these tumors (especially when they are small at the time of diagnosis), in cases where the tumor is too large to remove or the client prefers not to do surgery, I will inject the tumor in an attempt to shrink it (to make it easier to remove) or cure it if surgery is not an option. I also inject the surgery site post-op to kill any remaining cancer cells. I have had good success with this treatment for mast cell cancer.

IMMUNE SUPPORT AND DETOXING ALSO IMPORTANT Keep in mind that I never use intralesional chemo as the sole treatment for patients with cancer. This therapy is used as an adjunct to immune support and detoxification that involves herbal, homeopathic, and nutritional treatment, and with surgery, traditional chemo, or radiation in those few cases that might benefit from conventional therapies. I also typically inject herbs/ homeopathics into and around the tumor at the same time as I administer the intralesional chemotherapy. This is done to stimulate local immunity, achieve local control of inflammation, and detoxify the area surrounding the cancer. Intralesional chemotherapy is safe, requires minimal sedation, can be repeated, is practically devoid of side effects, and is much less expensive than systemic chemo or surgery. While these other therapies may still be needed to achieve systemic cancer control, intralesional chemo is an exciting alternative that is worth discussing with your veterinarian.

BRIGHT SPOT

Carolyn and Peppe An emotional support dog helps a young woman with anxiety disorder get her life back. Anyone who suffers from anxiety knows how crippling it can be. Carolyn is a young woman whose life was extremely limited by a severe anxiety disorder. “I struggled to work, and was unable to do things like go out with friends, go to the grocery store, sometimes even get out of bed,” she says.

decreasing the number of dogs in shelters. In addition to looking at a dog’s individual personality and physical soundness, AFF chooses dogs labeled “pit bulls” by shelters or rescues. Through this approach, the program debunks negative stereotypes and reduces discrimination against both dogs and people.

Carolyn’s life is very different now, thanks to her emotional support dog, Peppe, a pit bull mix provided to her by the non-profit organization, Animal Farm Foundation (AFF, https://animalfarmfoundation.org). Traditionally-trained service dogs can be expensive and unattainable for some people, but Carolyn received Peppe free of charge from AFF. Their service dog program reduces discrimination against individuals by giving them the access and freedom that service dogs provide, while

When Carolyn first received Peppe, she was thrilled to find that he was wonderfully trained and ready to work. AFF walked her through the process of having a service dog, and now Peppe is a indispensible part of her life. He regularly accompanies Carolyn to work at her hair salon, where he lets her know if she needs to have a break or take her medication.

with mental and emotional health challenges. “Since getting Peppe, I feel a lot of things that were difficult are now possible,” she says. “Now every day is an opportunity to work, and my business is growing.” She looks forward to travel and other experiences — and with Peppe by her side, her horizons are unlimited!

Carolyn’s story illustrates the important difference that support dogs can make for those

To watch a video about Carolyn and Peppe, visit https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ayw7UeR4LKBiDzRJSYnWcEGpm2WSKnOv/view Animal Wellness

Subscribe today! FREE

“LIVING PAWSITIVE” BANDANA Print & digital subscription:

year (6 print & digital issues) only $24 1 2 year (12 print & digital issues) only $44

Bonus!

3Natural Health Reports 3AW Coupon Book 3FREE Living Pawsitive Bandana

START YOUR SUBSCRIPTION TODAY!

animalwellnessmagazine.com/subscribe 1-866-764-1212 | or mail the card below

SUBSCRIBE TODAY! Mail to: Animal Wellness Magazine US: 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155, Centennial, CO 80122 | Canada: 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8

 2 yrs.  1 yr.  1 yr.  6 mo.

(12 issues) Print

& Digital $44 U.S/CAN.

(6 issues)

Print & Digital $24 U.S./CAN.

(6 issues)

Digital $13.99

(3 issues)

Digital $8.49

 VISA/MC*  Check/money order

Name

Phone

Address City

State/Province

Card No.

 FREE NEWSLETTER!

Zip/Postal CVV

Exp. Date

*This charge may appear as Redstone Media Group Inc. on your statement.

AW 23:4

DON'T MISS ANOTHER ISSUE!

Why give to pets?

HEALING WITH HERBS

By Greg Tilford

Many of today’s pharmaceuticals are derived from herbs, but they use only a few compounds from the plant to achieve specific goals. Whole herbs offer a range of healthsupportive benefits to our pets, and address the root cause of disease, not just the symptoms.

As more people turn toward natural and holistic approaches to caring for their dogs and cats, their quest for healthful solutions will often lead them to a plethora of herbal remedies and trendy herbal products. But what exactly do herbs do? What can they contribute to health that good food and conventional medicines cannot?

in North America today, are derived from plants that people have used for centuries. However, don’t assume that all medicinal plants are simply drugs in a crude form. Quite the contrary — when taken in the context of what they really are, herbs are capable of many things that more “conventional” medications cannot address.

HERBS ARE NOTHING NEW

HERBS ADDRESS THE CAUSES OF DISEASE, NOT JUST SYMPTOMS

First, it’s important to realize that herbal medicines are nothing new, either to humans or animals. In fact, wild animals have been using medicinal plants as their primary source of medicine and food supplementation since the beginning of their existence, and it’s likely that early man first learned of plant medicines through observing animals. Today, a full 40% of the drugs used in the Western world, including the top 20 bestselling prescription drugs

Healing support

It’s also important to know while some herbs can be used to directly replace pharmaceuticals in the suppression of disease symptoms, their performance as such is often disappointing. This is because pharmaceuticals per se are derived or synthesized from only one or a few of the many chemical compounds contained in the host plant for the purposes of achieving a very narrow set of goals generally confined to treating

Herbs are not just food. While many are quite nutritious, their power of supporting wellness extends well beyond the ABCs of nutrition. A good example is Echinacea, the beautiful purple coneflower that has been touted for centuries as a powerful immune system tonic. does not build or rebuild a strong immune system — it supports one. Unless the body (human or animal alike) has a healthy, complete “immune system tool

symptoms, but not the causes of disease. But the whole plant can do much more, reaching far beyond symptoms to address underlying imbalances that contribute to the causes of disease. Herbs are should not be considered alternatives to conventional drugs, but rather as a functional system for supporting the body in its natural abilities to maintain health and heal itself. Again, herbs are nothing new to the animal kingdom. Animals have been using herbs, by the principles of this brief article, for millions of years. What is new is that hundreds of millions of domesticated animals no longer have access to the medicines their ancestors consumed — medicines they still need, and the selection of which is up to us. Greg Tilford is a well-known educator in the field of botanical veterinary medicine. He is the author of the acclaimed book Herbs for Pets — The Natural Way to Enhance your Pet’s Life (2nd edition, Fox Chapel Books, 2009).

chest” (i.e. good, biologically appropriate nutrition, ample exercise, and a healthy environment), Echinacea cannot do its job. Taking Echinacea while chain smoking, eating fast food, and living a sedentary lifestyle won’t help you much. But when the requirements of maintaining healthy immunity are fulfilled, Echinacea can be called upon to offer a natural boost that can do amazing things. Animal Wellness

ANIMAL ACUPRESSURE

How ACUPRESSUREMASSAGE eases CANCER

D gs Cats

TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS

in dogs and cats

By Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis

If your dog or cat is receiving chemo or other cancer treatments, he may experience uncomfortable side effects such as gastrointestinal upset and fatigue. These acupressure-massage sessions can help ease his discomfort. Cancer is an aggressive disease that often requires aggressive treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation. Common side effects of these treatments in dogs and cats as well as humans include nausea and vomiting, possible appetite loss, diarrhea or constipation, and fatigue. The good news is that you can help your animal weather these side effects by giving him acupressure-massage.

It’s important to understand that acupressure-massage cannot treat the cancer itself. Nevertheless, taking an integrative approach by adding the modality to your dog or cat’s treatment regimen can benefit his condition.

3 acupressure-massage sessions for treatment side effects

is reluctant to do anything more than take care of his basic physical needs. This acupressure session enhances the flow of chi while providing the animal with the nourishing essence needed to increase energy. The acupoints presented in the chart are specifically selected to encourage the flow of chi and for supporting activity (see middle right chart on opposite page).

What acupressuremassage can do

1. For gastrointestinal issues

3. For comforting the animal

Signs of gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort include excessive drooling, eating grass, lip-sucking, regurgitating, and appetite loss. There are general acupoints that address GI upset. In TCM, the following acupoints are commonly selected:

Physical depletion during the treatment process is only part of what you and your beloved four-legged companion are experiencing. There’s also a whole emotional realm that you have entered together, and this part of the process can be devastating. This is when you can be an “emotional-support human” and bring comfort to your animal.

This modality is based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and has been used for centuries to help resolve gastrointestinal issues, enhance appetite, and deal with fatigue. The acupoints selected for the acupressure-massage sessions in this article are focused on alleviating the side effects from the treatments the animal is undergoing, without interfering with those treatments. From a Chinese medicine perspective, different approaches are used depending on exactly what an individual dog or cat is experiencing. Though we can’t address any one animal’s indicators in this article, we can provide three general sessions to help with the gastrointestinal problems and low energy associated with cancer treatment, while providing important comfort.

Animal Wellness

• Stomach 36 – Master point for the GI tract • Conception Vessel 12 – Regulates Stomach chi (life-promoting energy) • Bladder 20 – Supports digestion If your cat or dog has lost his appetite, add the classic point known as “Base of the Mountain.” This acupoint is located on the nose where the hair ends and the nose begins. Gently rub that little area. (see top right chart on opposite page) 2. For low energy

After a chemo treatment, fatigue and lethargy can set in. Your dog or cat may feel tired and heavy. He sleeps a lot and

Specific techniques in acupressuremassage can physically and psychologically communicate a deep and soothing level of comfort to your animal. Before beginning your session, think about how much you love and care about your dog or cat. Your intention during this acupressuremassage session is to share how much you want him to heal. Your dog or cat will feel your intention and it will help him heal, physically and spiritually.

The chart at bottom right shows the Bladder Meridian, which is just off the animal’s spine. Place the flat of your hand at about the middle of your dog or cat’s neck and slowly stroke down, tracing the Bladder Meridian. For a small animal, use the two-finger technique (see sidebar below) to trace the meridian. Repeat this procedure three times on each side of your animal.

animals. Breathe together and quietly express how much you appreciate your animal’s life.

Once you have completed tracing the Bladder Meridian, gently rub or scratch the Bai Hui point located on the midline between the top of the hips. The Bai Hui point is known to be the “feel-good point” for most

POINT WORK TECHNIQUES

– a refresher

Rest one hand on your dog or cat wherever it is comfortable. You are going to perform the actual point work with the other hand. Use either the thumb or two-finger technique. • Thumb technique (best suited for the animal’s trunk): Place the tip of your thumb directly on the acupressure point at a 45° angle and hold the point gently, but with intent, for a slow count of 30. • Two-finger technique (works well for small animals and along the limbs): Put your middle finger on top of your index finger, and then gently but with intentional firmness, place your index finger at a 45° angle on the acupressure point, again for a slow count of 30. Animal Wellness

FOCUS ON CBD

CBD and

By Robert J. Silver DVM, MS

supplements

—a blended approach to arthritis in dogs

Find out how CBD, especially when used in conjunction with joint supplements such as green lipped mussel and MSM, can help alleviate arthritis and other joint problems in dogs.

“Do you think CBD might help him feel better?” This is a question I get daily from animal parents about their arthritic dogs. The word “arthritis” is used to describe many conditions of the joints, and most of us, human and canine, will experience it at some point in our lives. CBD has emerged as an exciting new supplement that can help with the discomfort of joint problems in dogs. Read on for more detailed information about when to use CBD for arthritis, and when it might not be appropriate for your dog.

HEMP PRODUCTS ARE SAFEST FOR DOGS CBD is derived from the Cannabis sativa L. plant, along with its intoxicating cousin THC, and a host of other plant molecules such as terpenes and flavonoids, most of which have beneficial effects on people and animals. THC can be a problem for dogs, which are more sensitive to its adverse neurological effects than any other species. The level of THC found in the hemp variety of cannabis is so negligible as to not have

Animal Wellness

any intoxicating effects, except in the occasional super-sensitive dog.

in 2018 legalized all cannabis, hemp and marijuana across the country.

THC can have good pain-relieving properties on its own, although it’s not known if the small amount found in hemp varieties of cannabis is enough to have a clinical benefit. Hemp is now federally legal in the US, but high THC cannabis (formerly known as marijuana) is still illegal at the federal level, although 17 states now allow adult-use cannabis, and over 40 allow medical use cannabis. Canada legalized hemp years ago, and

It’s important to know that the levels of THC found in products from dispensaries or stores are usually too high for dogs to tolerate. Many dogs that are given, or accidentally ingest, a THCcontaining product end up in animal ER. For the safety of your dog, stick to hemp products with their low (<0.3%) THC content. Continued on page 64.

Case report Wheezer hobbled into my exam room, panting, with his red tongue hanging nearly to his knees. “He’s been like this the last few months,” his “parent” told me of her 72-pound aging Lab. “Do you think CBD might help him feel better?” I recommended she start Wheezer on a dose of 0.25 mg/pound of CBD twice daily (in his case, 18 mg twice daily). I also recommended greenlipped mussel powder (300 mg twice daily) to help reduce inflammation and keep his joints slippery, and MSM (500 mg twice daily). I always recommend fish oil, based on the sum of EPA+DHA = 50 mg/pound/day. Four weeks later, when Wheezer returned for his follow-up visit, he was walking with a little spring in his step, and I swear he was grinning!

Administration and dosage for CBD Several recent studies have determined that the best blood levels of CBD are achieved when the CBD is given with a small amount of fatty food (think canned food) and then followed by a meal. In fact, the blood levels were found to be four to eight times higher in dogs that were given CBD with food, as compared to those who were given CBD while fasting. There are two schools of thought when it comes to dosing CBD for dogs with arthritis. Several published studies have successfully used 1 mg/pound of body weight twice daily for arthritis. Anecdotal reports from pet parents and veterinarians indicate that a much lower dose works for a number of dogs. In fact, many dogs with arthritis will do quite well with 0.25 mg/pound of body weight twice daily.

My colleague, Dr Jaime Gaynor, a veterinary anesthesiologist, acupuncturist and pain management specialist, prefers to start his patients with the higher dose to relieve their pain quickly. Once they have reached a less painful place, he will reduce the dosage to the lowest that still works. My preference is to start with a low dose and give it seven to 14 days to work. If, after that time, it still isn’t working, then I recommend doubling the dose to increase it to a more therapeutic level. I’ve never considered CBD as an emergency treatment. We have effective and safe pharmaceuticals that can reduce pain quickly, so I prefer to employ those until the CBD has reached therapeutic blood levels. In my experience, some dogs respond really well to lower doses, so why give them more? Because we can’t predict how a dog will respond to CBD, I recommend starting low, and staying as low as possible. If the dog is doing well, but starts to declines over time, you can increase the dose by doubling it, which may do the trick.

Animal Wellness

Continued from page 62.

CBD AND YOUR ARTHRITIC DOG CBD, especially when used in combination with the many other beneficial compounds found in a cannabis extract, has been found to reduce the pain of arthritis as well as the inflammation associated with an arthritic joint. After administering a good dose of a CBD extract, many people report their dogs move better with less discomfort. Sometimes this improvement happens almost overnight. Other times, especially with dogs whose arthritis is uber severe, it can take several weeks for the CBD to build up in their systems enough to show benefits. Sometimes, the dose you start with may be too low; if seven to 14 days pass without results, you can try and double it and see if another two weeks at that higher dose helps.

JOINT SUPPLEMENTS ADD EXTRA HELP If you still are not getting the desired results, it may mean your dog’s joints are quite painful, and adding some joint supplements could help. I am referring to supplements that provide structural support to the joint, keeping it welllubricated and friction-free for improved movement. These joint lubricants are products that contain one or more of the following: glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, green lipped mussel, and undenatured type II cartilage. Joint anti-inflammatories work synergistically with joint lubricants and with CBD to improve function. These incluyde MSM, boswellia, quercetin, and turmeric. Fish oil helps with everything, especially when given at a fairly high dose for at least three to four months. Remember, CBD and supplements take longer to have an effect than medications. Drugs will take effect within hours or days, while supplements take days to a week or two. Be patient, and you will see a difference in your dog.

Animal Wellness

DOG DAYS OF

summer Next level fish oil – with CBD

BEST PICK

2017-2020 ag ta azi n e, O n

INNOVATIVE VETERINARY CARE JOURNAL

INNOVATION AWARD

20 18

- 20 2

dian Do na

n gs A nua

ln s

Wel

Service E e Excellence Award

C 20 a

17l 20 20

Fish oil offers many health benefits for dogs and cats. Developed in cooperation with veterinarians, Iceland Pure’s Next Level Premier Infused CBD Fish Oil has three powerful ingredients in one bottle — sardine anchovy oil, shark liver oil (from non-endangered species) and 1,000 mg of CBD extract. Non-psychoactive with high absorption rate. icelandpure.com

Good news for greyhounds! Announcing the first federal bill in US history to end dog racing! Sponsored by Rep. Tony Cárdenas of California, the Greyhound Protection Act (H.R. 3335) will make it a federal crime to engage in commercial dog racing and will close down tracks nationwide. Visit the GREY2K USA website to sign the petition and help give these gentle dogs a second chance. grey2k.org/awgpa

Superior nutrition for kitties Your cat’s health depends on a good diet. Treat her to a premium food from Life’s Abundance. For example, their Pork & Duck Grain Free Recipe features the best quality meat with added Omega fatty acids, green-lipped mussels, l-tryptophan, vitamins and minerals in a tasty pork broth. lifesabundance.com

Better health, longer life for dogs and cats Thinking about a plant-based diet for your four-legged friend? A government-funded Dr. Sarah Dodd & Assoc. study evaluated the performance of EVOLUTION DIET PLANT PROTEIN PET FOOD. It proved that dogs and cats fed this food have better health and longer lives than those fed flesh-based pet foods. evolutiondietpetfood.com

Animal Wellness

NEED TO KNOW

MINERAL DEFICIENCIES AND CHRONIC ILLNESS in dogs By Julie Anne Lee, DCH

After years of study, Dr. Linus Pauling (who won the Nobel Prize twice) concluded that you can trace every sickness, every disease, and every ailment to a mineral deficiency. The same conclusion can be extended to include our dogs as well as humans. For example, skin disease that is often mistaken for allergies can arise from a lack of minerals. Low immunity (chronic infections) or hyper-immunity (autoimmune disease), as well as endocrine disorders like hypothyroid or hyperthyroid, are also a result of mineral deficiency Additionally, gastrointestinal problems (e.g. soft stool, constipation, chronic vomiting, poor appetite, pica, poor food absorption), and even organ malfunction and brain disorders can be tied back to a mineral deficiency. In my experience, I would have to add emotional suppression and stress to the list. The fact is, in today’s society, mineral depletion is a serious national health concern that affects all beings, including humans and dogs.

Animal Wellness

Minerals are vital for supporting the physiological processes of maintaining life. Organic minerals come from plants, which would typically extract 70% to 80% of their mineral content from the soil. Those minerals would transfer to the animals that eat the plants, like deer, cattle, rabbits, etc., and then to your dog who eats the animals in his food. Unfortunately, our soil has become so depleted that the minerals which could once be obtained solely from food have become almost exhausted. Feeding our dogs as much fresh local food as possible helps, but it’s no longer possible to get all the required minerals that way.

IS SUPPLEMENTATION THE ANSWER? Doctors and veterinarians having been recommending mineral supplementation for a very long time. The problem is, the majority of supplements on the market today are not even close to replenishing your

dog’s needs. In fact, some of the highest quality mineral supplements available today contain fewer than 40 minerals, and very few trace elements! As well, it’s important to know that synthetic or non-organically-occurring minerals will stay in the body way too long and can be destructive and toxic. Minerals should act more like watersoluble vitamins — that’s one of the reasons we need to replenish them daily through the natural process of eating. On the other hand, the correct synthesis of organically-derived minerals from their natural ionic state (charged by the Earth’s ionic process) feeds the cells and can actually work as chelation therapy by removing toxic mineral or heavy metals. Nature is just so cool!

FULVIC AND HUMIC ACIDS TEAM UP ON A CELLULAR LEVEL • Fulvic acid is a much smaller molecule. It focuses on the intracellular level by creating more permeability in the cell membrane, allowing a greater body of bioavailable nutrients to actually enter the cell. At the same time, fulvic acid binds together with water, making it paramount in assisting the body with the removal of toxins.

Mineral deficiencies are some of the most easily preventable underlying causes of chronic illness in dogs. Here’s how ancient minerals can bridge the gap.

ANCIENT MINERALS TO THE RESCUE! For more than 20 years, I’ve seen case after case of chronic disease in my veterinary clinic, and it became my life’s purpose to not just alleviate immediate pain and suffering in my patients, but to also constantly dig to find and eradicate the root cause of disease. As I learned more and more about the impact of mineral deficiency on overall health, I began searching for a soil-based mineral. What I found were fulvic and humic acids.

F ulvic acid is the king of soil-based minerals. This fossil-like organic acid is found in unique areas of the world, approximately 200 feet deep into the Earth. It is part of the original set of molecules that were created from sea vegetation millions of years ago when the Ice Age covered mineralrich seabeds. Fulvic acid was created

• Fundamentally, humic acid works on a cellular level, focusing on the outside of the cell. It intercepts toxins and viruses from attaching to the cell, fights inflammation, and hampers malignant changes in cells. Its ability to physiologically regulate disease, rebalance some very serious pathologies, and replenish nutrient levels is fascinating. Because of its chelation and detoxification attributes, humic acid also has incredible benefits for the gut by eliminating toxic intruders, hence allowing for prime food absorption and supporting the immune system to work at its optimum level!

by humification (the process involved in the formation of humic substances — organic matter that has reached maturity) from decomposed plant remains (in this case, seaweed).

Over time, additional ancient vegetation and fruits were assimilated into this material, and with the correct compression and age, humic acid was formed. When you think of humic acid, think about finding a powerhouse of material that has been preserved deep within the Earth, made up of organic minerals and trace elements from primal fruits, vegetables, and ancient seaweed. To reproduce this material chemically is completely impossible!

These two ancient minerals have the capacity to bridge the gap in our dogs’ diets, and may help minimize the risk of chronic disease that comes from a deficiency.

If we look to what nature intended to keep us thriving, and try as hard as we can to help the Earth regain its balance, there is no doubt in my mind that we can then find the health and balance we all want for ourselves and our dogs.

Julie Anne Lee, DCH, has spent her life learning and teaching others how to provide healthy, holistic care to our adored beasts. Adored Beast Apothecary is the culmination of her decades of experience in the trenches of holistic healthcare, which included opening the first licensed holistic veterinary hospital in Canada

Animal Wellness

EAR CARE

Natural remedies FO R EA R I N FECTIONS IN DOGS

Conventional medications for ear infections in dogs can cause side effects and lead to resistant pathogens. These natural remedies offer an effective, non-toxic alternative.

By Jared Mitchell, DVM, CVMA

Ear infections are very common in dogs. In fact, your own canine companion has probably had at least one ear infection at some point. Getting a proper diagnosis as to the cause of the problem is important, after which a range of natural remedies can help to effectively get rid of it.

DIAGNOSING EAR INFECTIONS

Animal Wellness

As with any condition affecting your dog, it is vital to work with your veterinarian to achieve a proper diagnosis. He or she will begin with a thorough history of the condition, along with an ear examination. Diagnostic

testing may be required and can include an ear swab to rule out ear mites and provide a basic cytological evaluation of the microbes in the ear. An ear culture may also be needed. These are generally sent to special laboratories that will determine which organisms are causing problems within the ear, and which treatments are most likely to provide the best results. some ear Tip: Because infections can be

caused by allergies, your vet should also ask about your dog’s environment, as well as his diet. Allergy testing or diet changes may be some options for further diagnosis and treatment.

NATURAL REMEDIES ARE BECOMING MORE IMPORTANT There are many options when it comes to treating ear infections in our dogs. The treatment protocol you are probably most familiar with includes some form of medication applied directly to the ear canal, or given orally in the form of antibiotics, antifungals, or anti-inflammatories. While these medications have been the mainstay of veterinary medicine for quite some time, side effects can occur, and resistance to infection-causing agents is on the rise. This means alternative options are becoming more and more important. These are just a few of the many choices available.

Natural ear cleaners Start by keeping your dog’s ears good and clean. This not only helps remove dirt, but also aids in balancing the ear’s natural environment and

maintaining the proper pH. One of the easiest solutions to make is a combination of 3% hydrogen peroxide and water, which can help remove waxy buildup in the ears. Another great natural ear cleaner is apple cider vinegar, which can be used alone or in combination with isopropyl alcohol. See sidebar on page 70 for some recipes.

Tip:

Don’t overclean your dog’s ears. Excessive or aggressive cleaning can irritate or damage the tissue lining the ear canal.

Probiotics Probiotics aid in maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal (GI) environment. In recent years however, the impact of “gut” health on other parts of the body has come to light. For example, proper GI health has been linked to a stronger immune system, better cognitive function, and better skin health.

Basic ear anatomy The ear is a collection of very specialized anatomical structures that produce physiological functions related to hearing and balance. A basic understanding of the anatomy of the animal’s ear is important to help facilitate the best results when treating and preventing infections. The ear has three major anatomical regions: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each region has specific functions related to the physiology of the ear. • The outer ear is the part we can easily see. It is also known as the ear flap, which can be upright or “floppy” in appearance. The purpose of the ear flap is to help funnel sound into the ear canal. The ear canal itself is long and narrow and makes a 90° bend in dogs and cats. The tympanic membrane (eardrum) separates the outer ear canal from the middle ear. • The middle ear houses several specialized structures, including the bulla and the eustachian tube. • With its abundant nerve supply and its connections to the brain, the inner ear plays an important role in both balance and hearing.

Animal Wellness

Breeds predisposed to ear infections

Natural ear cleaners While these are all natural and have been well-documented in the literature for safe use, I recommend consulting with a veterinarian for guidance on use in individual animals.

q Combine 2/3 cup of

water and 1/3 cup of apple cider vinegar.

w Combine 2 tablespoons

of water with 2 tablespoons of hydrogen peroxide.

e Pour 4 tablespoons

of plain water into a resealable bottle. Add 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar, and 3 to 4 drops of isopropyl rubbing alcohol. Seal the bottle and shake well.

Essential oils for ear issues*

Long hanging ears

Narrow ear canals

Hairy ear canals

Beagle

Cocker spaniel

Bichon

Basset hound

Poodle

Golden retriever

Schnauzer

With improved immunity and skin health, the body has a better chance of maintaining proper pH and skin functions. This in turn aids the ears in maintaining the proper microenvironment, with appropriate levels of normal bacteria and other microorganisms needed for pH balance and function. While it may take a few weeks before results are noticed, beginning a probiotic regimen is extremely important for ear health along with overall wellness. Probiotics come in many forms with various dosing instructions. Consult with your veterinarian to find the best product for your dog and his specific condition.

Laser therapy The use of therapeutic lasers in veterinary medicine has increased substantially over the last ten to 15 years. Once thought to be out of reach for the average veterinarian, and used primarily by specialty practices, laser therapy is now easily accessible to most vets. In fact, certain laser units have been cleared for use by animal parents in their own homes.

With ever-advancing scientific research, the medical circumstances in which therapeutic lasers are used have grown as well. Once thought of as solely another tool to treat pain, laser therapy now allows for the treatment of a multitude of conditions, including ear inflammation and infections.

• Copaiba • Lemongrass • Lavender • Citronella • Rosemary • Frankincense

Essential oils Essential oils are very concentrated and can produce powerful effects. So remember that a little goes a long way. It is also vitally important to remember that not all essential oils are created equal. Purity and quality are absolutely paramount for safety and efficacy.

* Consult a veterinarian trained in the use of essential oils for the safest and best results.

Do not apply undiluted (“neat”) oils directly to the dog, especially to sensitive areas such as the ears. Always dilute essential oils with a carrier

Animal Wellness

oil. Applying diluted oils around the ears, and to the base of the ears, can be beneficial for treating inflammation and infections — see sidebar at left for a list of essential oils commonly used for ear infections.

Tip:

While opinions may vary, some animal aromatherapists do not recommend applying essential oils directly to the ear canal. Consult a veterinarian trained in essential oil use before going this route.

Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM) centers around diagnosing patterns and disorders of the body’s systems while treating the root cause of the ailment, not just the symptoms. In other words, TCVM focuses on the whole patient to maintain health and balance within the body. Within TCVM, ear infections are often classified as a Gallbladder Damp Heat. The goal is to use specific acupuncture points known to clear the heat, and points along the gallbladder meridian to help move the body’s energy and open up the channel. Local points around the ears are also important and can be used to reduce local pain and inflammation.

Tip:

Chinese herbal supplements prescribed by a veterinarian trained in TCVM are also wonderful at helping improve the body’s immune responses, thereby improving the dog’s condition and overall health.

These are just a few of the natural treatment options that can be used for ear infections in dogs. If your own dog is prone to recurring ear problems, rather than trying another round of antibiotics or antifungals, consult a holistic or integrative veterinarian about alternative therapies.

LET'S GET SOCIAL

t, n e m o m a r o f s w a P AND JOIN OUR SOCIAL FAMILY! Check out our Facebook, Instagram & Youtube for all things Animal Wellness!

Funny Memes & Videos

Educational Information

News Topics

Nutritional & Educational Tips

@little _miss _e lsa

& MORE Adorable Photos, Funny Videos & Much More Tag us in your photos for your chance to be featured in the next issue or on our social media! @animalwellnessmagazine

@animalwellnessmagazine

Animal Wellness Magazine Animal Wellness

GOOD TO HEAR!

DOGS AND CATS

Ru l e !

A recent survey reveals that more people are becoming pet parents — and spending more on their dogs and cats — than ever before.

Animal guardianship and spending have been trending steadily upward for years, but they have taken a particularly big jump since the spring of 2020, thanks mostly to the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Pet Products Association’s biennial National Pet Owners Survey for 2021-2022 reveals some fascinating highlights indicating that dogs and cats (and other critters) are more popular among Americans than they’ve ever been — and the trend is showing no signs of slowing! Here are some key points from the survey:

The number of households with companion animals has increased by a whopping 67% in the US. An estimated 70% of households now have a dog, cat, or other companion animal. Millennials make up the largest cohort of animal parents at 32%, followed closely by Boomers at 27% and Gen Xers at 24%. 14% of all total respondents obtained a new animal during the pandemic — with an estimated 47% of these animals being dogs, and 40% cats.

Companion animal spending also increased over the past year, with 35% of animal parents stating they spent more on their animals — including food, wellnessrelated products, and other pet care items — in the last 12 months than in the preceding year.

The percentage of animal parents shopping online increased by almost 20%, from 72% in the prior year to 86% in this year’s study. Before the pandemic, 60% of animal parents usually purchased pet products in person at brick-and-mortar stores. During the pandemic, in-person shopping dropped to 41%, while 46% preferred to buy online with purchases shipped to their home. 5 1% of animal parents said they are willing to pay more for ethically-sourced and eco-friendly pet products. Pet insurance purchases among both dog and cat parents have also increased, nearly doubling among cat guardians in particular.

For more information, visit AmericanPetProducts.org/Survey.

Animal Wellness

Make training your dog easier with these

nutritional

brain-

boosters How well your dog can be trained depends not only on the methods and cues you use, but also on how easily he can learn and pick things up. These brain-boosting foods and supplements support his cognition to help make training more successful. By Katie Kangas, DVM, CVA, CVCP

Successfully training your dog means using reward-based methods and clear, consistent cues. But there’s more you can do to enhance his learning ability. Nutrition plays a central role in supporting your dog’s cognition, memory, and mood to help him learn more easily. Let’s talk about foods and supplements that boost your dog’s brain power, whatever his age, and enhance the training process.

FOODS AND SUPPLEMENTS THAT SUPPORT YOUR DOG’S BRAIN Quality proteins: Feed him high quality proteins from meat, fish and eggs. Proteins provide amino acids, which are key building blocks of body tissues. Several amino acids are needed to produce important neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. The body uses the amino acid tyrptophan to make serotonin, which is known as a mood stabilizing hormone and is important

Animal Wellness

in supporting feelings of well-being (happiness) and controlling anxiety.

Did you know? Serotonin

is also important for cognition and memory, as this enables brain cells and other nervous system cells to communicate with each other. Bone broth: This is a powerhouse food containing nutrients that support the health and function of your dog’s gut, joints, skin — and brain. The collagen and connective tissues found in bone broth also provide the amino acid glycine, a neurotransmitter that’s known to calm the nervous system, promote better sleep, and process motor and sensory information in the brain. Studies in humans have found that people taking glycine have better verbal memory and improved attention spans. Healthy fats and Omega-3s: A great deal of recent research shows that healthy fats, such as Omega-3 fatty acids and MCT (medium chain triglycerides, also found in coconut oil) help the brain

function more efficiently. Medical trends for humans are supporting highfat, low-carbohydrate diets to help improve brain function and memory; these types of diets are being used to address specific cognitive problems, Alzheimer’s, and even epilepsy and seizure disorders. •D HA and EPA are long chain Omega-3 fatty acids widely known for their many health properties, including brain support. DHA in particular has been implicated as a critical fatty acid for brain health, especially in young puppies. DHA and EPA can be found in oily fish such as sardines, salmon, anchovies and mackerel. A good concentration of DHA is also found in cod liver oil. Be sure to choose wild-caught fish and only high quality Omega-3 oil supplement products, which should always be refrigerated once opened. Algae-based options are another alternative. •G hee (clarified butter) has been honored in the Ayruvedic tradition for many centuries as a food that

provides numerous health benefits. The nutrients and saturated fats in ghee help improve memory, strengthen the brain and nervous system, and work as a detoxification agent. If your dog tolerates fats well, I suggest feeding approximately 1 tsp per 20 lbs of body weight per day. (If you prefer, you can use coconut oil in place of ghee, at the same dose.) • Eggs are an excellent source of healthy fats, Omega-3 fatty acids, and good cholesterol. We now know that some types of cholesterol are important for both brain and heart health. Eggs are an excellent food for dogs. Choose only free-range eggs (from free-roaming, pasture-raised chickens) for better nutrient content, and don’t skip the yolk unless your dog has issues with digesting fats.

Did you know? The brain holds about 25% of the body’s cholesterol, which is required to help neurons form connections with other neurons.

Fermented foods and probiotics: It takes a healthy gut to have a healthy brain! A balanced microbiome is not only important for a strong immune system and proper gut function, but it is also critical for brain health. In fact, you’ve probably heard the term “gut-brain axis”, which describes the bi-directional interdependence of these two body systems. Gut bacteria produce hundreds of neurochemicals that the brain uses to regulate basic physiological as well as mental processes, such as learning, memory and mood. We discussed serotonin above, and its important effects on calming and cognition.

Did you know? Gut bacteria

and anxiety as compared to people with no GI disease. Similarly, we now recognize a big connection between a dog’s behavior and his respective “gut bug” status. (For more info on this topic, see my article “How your dog’s gut microbiome affects his behavior,” AW, June-July 2020). Additionally, it is now recognized that certain gut bacterial populations that become abundant in dogs with IBD are also higher in dogs with aggression issues. Fermented foods provide a wide array of healthy bacteria and will support your dog to have a more diverse microbiome and improved digestion. Probiotics can be helpful too, but many products contain only a limited number of bacterial species; and often, they do not represent the typical species that should be present in a healthy canine gut. Fermented foods that are good choices for most dogs include kefir, fermented goat milk, and fermented veggies like saurkraut. Most dogs will accept fermented veggies mixed into their food; an appropriate amount is about 1 tsp per 20 lbs of body weight daily. Vitamins and antioxidants: An antioxidant-rich diet improves and maintains cognition for dogs (and people). Remember that antioxidants are well represented in colorful fruits and vegetables such as blueberries, carrots, etc. Vitamin B12 is involved in the function and development of the brain, nerve cells, the myelin sheaths that protect nerves, and blood cells. People take vitamin B12 to treat memory loss, poor concentration, and Alzheimer's disease, and to boost mood or energy levels.

Did you know? B12 is

manufacture about 90% of the body’s serotonin, and 90% of its GABA (another neurotransmitter)!

thought to play a role in preventing brain atrophy, the loss of neurons in the brain associated with memory loss or dementia.

This explains why a higher percentage of people with IBS develop depression

Vitamin B12 supplements are very helpful for aging dogs or those with chronic GI

issues (IBD, etc.) since gut inflammation prevents proper B12 absorption and these dogs tend to be deficient.

GINKGO BILOBA

This herb improves blood flow to the brain and acts as an antioxidant. Some studies have found ginkgo may help boost memory and cognitive speed. As always, it’s best to consult with your holistic or integrative veterinarian before giving anything new to your dog. By incorporating some of these foods and supplements into his diet, you’re not only improving his overall health — you’re also supporting his brain health and helping him learn more easily during training sessions.

THE LOWDOWN ON CARBS One of the first things to consider is that evolutionaryappropriate canine diets are low in carbohydrates — i.e. less than 15% carbs. In contrast, the average, modern, heavilyprocessed dog food has a 40% to 50% carbohydrate ratio.

Carbohydrates break down into sugars in the body, and numerous studies have found that eating refined sugar is harmful to the brain. It impairs memory and worsens mood disorders. This is just one reason to avoid commercial dog foods high in refined carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are found in vegetables, including root vegetables, and whole grains. They provide a slow release of energy, which is better for the body and brain. Nevertheless, these carbs still shouldn’t represent a large portion of the canine diet.

Animal Wellness

KNOW YOUR CAT

How to

enhance the bond between you and your cat By Sally E. Bahner

Contrary to popular belief, cats enjoy attention and affection too. Here are some tips on enhancing the bond you share with your own kitty. Many people believe that cats are aloof, standoffish creatures that prefer to be left to their own devices. But those of us who share our lives with cats know they blossom when they’re given regular, positive interaction with humans. In fact, a cat who has a strong connection with her person is inevitably a happy cat. Let’s look at how you can enhance your bond with your own kitty.

CATS ARE SUBTLE WHEN EXPRESSING AFFECTION Happiness in cats is based on a secure environment, predictability, consistency, and good health. Because they don’t express happiness and affection the way dogs do — by barking, jumping up and down, and vigorously wagging their tails when we return home, for example — people may assume their cats aren’t bonded to them. But they are — it’s just that their responses are more subtle. When you come home, you may find your own cat waiting by the door with a chirp of greeting, her tail up and her back arched for a stroke. Our own cat, Sofiya, runs to greet my husband when he comes home, and gets pets and treats from him. And I can count on both her and our other cat, Mollie, to snuggle with me under the blankets at

Animal Wellness

night. Mollie also likes to lie on the back of the sofa in the evenings, chirping and “combing” my hair with her claws. Both cats keep me company in my office, and hang out with us in the living room in the evenings. Their bond with us is expressed by sharing space with us, not necessarily by draping themselves over us as a dog might.

TIPS FOR STRENGTHENING YOUR BOND WITH YOUR CAT Whether consciously or not, we enhance our connection with our cats in many small ways, thereby reinforcing the affectionate behaviors mentioned above. A stronger bond is achieved with regular attention, praise, talk, and a predictable routine. An informal survey of cat lovers on social media revealed a variety of ways in which people bond with their cats:

• Talk to your cat. This is the simplest and most common method. Liliya Moyseenko, a Russian Blue breeder, says when you talk to cats, you get closer to them, and they understand you more. And anyone who has socialized feral cats knows that talking to them is important. Rescuer Laurie Goldstein says she respects the cats’ space and tells them what she’s doing and why “in a running banter using a baby-talk voice”. Tom Duffy says he starts talking to feral cats “as soon as they can stand my presence.” Another rescuer, Robert Bruey, says, “There is no bond like the one I’ve made with a feral cat whose trust I've earned.” • Listen to and “converse” with your cat. When you hear a cat “speak”, you

can almost hear a question mark. For example, when I ask my cats “What?” I often get a meow in return, and very

If your normally chatty cat starts hiding or giving you the silent treatment, it may be a sign she’s not feeling well. often a “conversation” ensues. When I enter a room and say their names, they’ll respond with a glance, a flick of an ear, or a raised tail. The “slow blink” is another way you can converse and bond with your cat, and is a way of communicating affection and trust. When your cat looks at you and does the slow blink, take a few minutes to do the same back to her.

Animal Wellness

Taking it to the next level Want to go beyond the slow blinks, conversations and cuddles, and enhance your bond even further? Try clicker training. Karen Pryor has established the gold standard for clicker training cats (clickertraining.com/cat-training). Her cat-specific exercises “will help deepen your relationship, provide mental enrichment for your cat, and even reduce many common behavior problems.” Feline agility training (alltodowithcats.com/what-is-cat-agility/) can also strengthen your bond and build trust. It becomes a unique way of communicating with your feline friend. According to the website: “Your cat gets plenty of exercise and mental stimulation from mastering the course, and you enjoy the satisfaction it brings.”

• Be in the moment for your cat. When your cat comes to you for attention, acknowledge him and take time for him. “The bonding strengthens so much more if I put aside whatever I’m doing for a few minutes and love my cat,” says Petra Sera. “He comes running to the door to say how happy he is to see me, so how could I think tidying the house is more important?” Tom Duffy adds, “If a cat gets in my lap, I never shoo him off. He will get down when he wants.”

• Give your cat environmental enrichment. Regular interactive

play, comfortable places to hang out with you, windows with a view, and controlled, supervised access to the outdoors are all ways you can strengthen your cat’s bond with you, while keeping him happy and content. • Understand how your cat expresses affection. Just like people, cats have their own individual characteristics. Some cats don’t like

to be picked up and cuddled, but will rub against your legs, give you head butts, and show affection in other ways. Don’t try to force a cat to sit on your lap or snuggle in your arms if he doesn’t want to — this will do nothing to enhance your bond! Give him the opportunity to show you love in his own ways, and acknowledge those ways. • Maintain a routine for your cat. Cats are creatures of habit and can get stressed if life in the household is chaotic or unpredictable. This in turn can damage your bond. Feed and play with your cats at the same times every day. My own cats know that after I make coffee, empty the dishwasher, and give them breakfast in the mornings, I go into my office where they join me on their beds on my desk in front of the window. Strengthening your bond with your cat involves learning his body language and signals. Again, keep in mind that these signs can be subtle. Take the time to watch your cat and how he responds to you. By spending quality time with him, and acknowledging his affection with a cheerful comment and some neck and chin “scritches”, you’ll soon realize that cats are capable of forming deep connections with humans.

Animal Wellness

SMART CHOICES

Choosing the

right

curcumin supplement su for your dog By Cheryl Myers

Absorption and purity are just two factors to consider when choosing a curcumin supplement for your dog. Here’s what to look for, and what to avoid. Today’s savvy dog parents often think about which foods and supplements are healthiest for their canines. Curcumin may not be the first thing that comes to mind, but once you know what it is, what it does, and how to choose a good product, you’ll find it at the top of your list!

MAKING SURE CURCUMIN DELIVERS For better absorption, blood retention, and outstanding benefits, an effective curcumin supplement should blend curcumin with turmeric essential oil containing turmerones (including arturmerone). The combination of these compounds makes for an exceptional product for dogs; in fact, this type of curcumin has been the subject of over 70 published studies proving its efficacy. Also make sure to read the product label when choosing a curcumin supplement — if it contains cellulose, PVP, or polysorbate 80, skip it, since these are not good choices for your dog

PURITY IS IMPORTANT IN CURCUMIN PRODUCTS You might assume that any curcumin product you choose is grown without the use of pesticides or chemicals, but that’s simply not true. From rhizome to harvest to raw materials, curcumin should be consistently analyzed to

ensure the end product doesn’t contain contaminants and is produced without the use of chemicals.

THE RIGHT CURCUMIN FOR YOUR DOG You want to give your dog carefullychosen supplements to help him enjoy a happy, thriving life. When you’re looking for results you can count on, never settle for less than a highly-absorbable curcumin. Get the peace of mind that comes from relying on a supplement that reduces free radical formation and helps decrease the negative effects of oxidative damage and stress, including those associated with the aging process. Now you have the information to make a smart curcumin choice for your favorite four-legged friend. Skip the plain turmeric and choose curcumin with proven absorbability to support his overall health and wellness.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TURMERIC AND CURCUMIN Turmeric is a plant, grown mainly in India, and used as both a spice and part of Ayurvedic medicine. The most potent component in the turmeric plant is curcumin. You might think that sprinkling turmeric on your dog’s food is good enough, but you’re actually missing out on providing him with the valuable compounds only available from curcumin. Here’s why — turmeric contains only 2% to 5% curcumin, which doesn’t offer much for your dog. On top of that, the canine body does not easily absorb plain turmeric, or even plain standardized curcumin extracts. Without the right absorption, giving turmeric or curcumin to your dog is a waste of time (and money). So it’s very important to choose a curcumin product with superior absorption and proven results.

Cheryl Myers is an integrative health nurse, author, and an expert on natural medicine. She is a nationally-recognized speaker who has been interviewed by the New York Times, Wall Street Journal and Prevention Magazine. Her many articles have been published in such diverse journals as Aesthetic Surgery Journal and Nutrition in Complementary Care, and her research on botanicals has been presented at the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the North American Menopause Society. Ms. Myers is the head of Scientific Affairs and Education for EuroPharma, Inc. Animal Wellness

CLASSIFIEDS

constant increase in the number of animals dropped off at shelters because of treatable medical conditions. The staff CAROL SCHULTZ — Animal Communicator/Intuitive Healing Support. and board members of The Pet Fund work constantly to develop resources for Interactive, compassionate, practical, and insightful Consultations and Energy pets and their families to fund critically needed veterinary care, keeping animals Balancing for all species. Assistance with emotional, behavioral, physical, end out of shelters and helping pet owners to become skilled at preventative care of life, and animals of spirit. Classes & practices. Since medical treatment costs mentoring available. (815) 531-2850 for animals (as for people) are also on the www.carolschultz.com rise, this is an ongoing funding challenge. SHIRLEY SCOTT — Internationally known www.thepetfund.com Animal Communicator & Clairvoyant connects with your pets here or in spirit. Books & Publications She reads emotional/behavior/health problems, provides classes & workshops 1000s OF DOG BOOKS, EBOOKS, DVDs in animal communication & training. (541) 577-3051, sscott@shirley-scott.com, AND VIDEO ON DEMAND. Learn just like the Pros. (800) 776-2665; Dogwise.com www.shirley-scott.com Animal Communicators

Associations

Natural Pet Products

NATIONAL ANIMAL SUPPLEMENT MORRIS ANIMAL FOUNDATION — We COUNCIL (NASC) — The National are a global leader in supporting studies to find solutions to serious health threats Animal Supplement Council is a nonprofit industry group dedicated to to animals. Since our founding, we’ve invested more than $136 million in 2,780+ protecting and enhancing the health studies that have improved the health and of companion animals and horses throughout the U.S. When you see the quality of life for dogs, cats, horses, and NASC Quality Seal on a product, you wildlife around the world. We believe can trust it comes from a reputable animals make the world a better place. company that has successfully passed Animals are our family members, our companions, and our inspiration. Whether an independent quality audit. Look for the Quality Seal wherever you purchase we work on staff, serve as board animal supplements. https://nasc.cc/ members, or volunteer as scientific advisers, each of us strives every day to WHOLISTIC PET ORGANICS — make the world a brighter place for Producing high-quality products for your animals — and those who love them. pets with USA-sourced ingredients since www.morrisanimalfoundation.org 1998. You will never find by-products, meals, fillers, synthetics, or GMOs of GREY2K USA — Formed in 2001, any kind. If it is not good enough for GREY2K USA Worldwide is the largest greyhound protection organization in the you, it is not good enough for your pets! world. As a non-profit entity, we work to Shop a full line of products for stress & pass stronger greyhound protection laws anxiety, digestive support, skin & coat, and end the cruelty of dog racing on both joint support, immune support, and much more for your dog, cat, or horse. national and international levels. We www.wholisticpetorganics.com also promote the rescue and adoption of greyhounds across the globe. www.grey2kusa.org Schools & Training THE PET FUND — Founded in 2003, The Pet Fund is a national nonprofit dedicated to funding veterinary care for those who could not afford it. Animal shelter statistics across the country demonstrated a

Animal Wellness

HOLISTIC ANIMAL STUDIES — We offer online courses in Canine, Feline, and Equine Massage, kinesiology taping, craniosacral therapy, Reiki,

and body alignment. Our courses are approved through numerous National and International Organizations ensuring that you will be provided with the highest quality learning experience. All of our courses are online, have no deadlines and no time limitations! Register now and start learning one of these amazing techniques from any location today! www.holisticanimalstudies.org TALLGRASS ANIMAL ACUPRESSURE RESOURCES — The Pioneers in Animal Acupressure Resources since 1990. Tallgrass has created animal acupressure books, manuals, meridian charts, videos, acupoint apps, and extensive Home-Study and Hands-On workshops to provide animal guardians, trainers, and healthcare practitioners access to the powerful healing modality of Animal Acupressure. www.animalacupressure.com WALKS ‘N’ WAGS PET FIRST AID — National Leaders in Pet First Aid Certification Courses for dogs and cats. Learn preventative skills and practice emergency bandaging with live wiggly pets. Distance Learning also available. www.walksnwags.com or (800) 298-1152

AW MARKETPLACE

If you would like to advertise in Ad Spots, please call: 1-866-764-1212

EVENTS

Be sure to visit event websites for updates regarding COVID-19. Dog Owner's Guide to Canine Massage Online Course

Animal Wellness Academy

This comprehensive online course will teach you everything you need to know about massaging your dog!

ATTENTION pet parents, retailers, distributors, and paraprofessionals. Join us for innovative and trustworthy pet education 24/7/365!

On-demand – Online Course

In addition to foundational massage techniques (including Swedish, Myofascial Release, Gua Sha, and more), this course provides an introduction to canine anatomy terms, the canine skeletal system, joints, and the musculature system. You will also learn to evaluate lameness, prepare your dog for massage and explore supportive therapies such as nutrition, supplements, aromatherapy, heat and cold therapy, and much more. Complete this course from anywhere and work at your own pace. It’s an optimal learning experience with demonstrative videos that make the learning process fun and easy. For more information: (866) 906-2842 www.holisticanimalstudies.org

Launching July 2021 – Online Education

From the publisher of Animal Wellness (AW) and Equine Wellness (EW) Magazines and Innovative Veterinary Care Journal (IVC), this educational platform delivers only the most reliable and trustworthy pet information whenever you want it. Enjoy video lectures from leading industry experts, product manufacturers, integrative veterinarians covering a wide range of regularly updated topics PLUS over 2000 articles, blogs, tips and studies all available at one convenient easy-to-navigate location. Register today for a FREE Basic Membership! For more information: (866) 764-1212 info@animalwellnessacademy.org animalwellnessacademy.org

Pawlooza Dog Festival

August 21, 2021 – London, ON Join an estimated 25,000 people and 6,000 dogs for Canada’s most unique and dog-friendly festival experience. It only happens once per year – on International Homeless Animals Day! Take your dog dock diving, go swimming in the Pawlooza pond, test your dog’s agility, run the lure course, play Frisbee and go off-leash in the FunZone!

Featuring over 175+ vendors, great deals, and free samples, this event offers opportunities to get obedience advice, watch agility demonstrations or visit the VIP lounge. There isn’t a better place to spoil your dog. For more information: (519) 439-0352 pawlooza.com

Healing Touch for Animals® Level 1 Course September 24–26, 2021 – Cincinnati, OH

Introduction to Healing Touch: Friday / 6:00pm – 10:00pm This class is a prerequisite of the Small Animal Class. Small Animal Class: Saturday / 9:00am – 6:00pm This class is a prerequisite of the Large Animal Class. Large Animal Class: Sunday / 9:00am – 6:00pm This class is required to apply to become a Healing Touch for Animals® Certified Practitioner. Working with the horses' large energy systems benefits students with greater energetic awareness and a well-rounded experience. Registrations and payments must be received in full and/or postmarked by August 29, 2021, to qualify for the Early Bird Tuition prices. For more information: Amy Sandmann (513) 375-4957 Cincinnati@HealingTouchforAnimals.com www.healingtouchforanimals.com

Email your event to: info@animalwellnessmagazine.com

Animal Wellness

NEWSWORTHY

New survey shows

most pandemic dogs and cats are still in their homes 23 million American households acquired a dog or cat during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to a new survey conducted by the ASPCA, most will not consider rehoming their animals.

Responsible rehoming Even without a current national surge in surrenders, a variety of reasons might make it difficult for someone to keep a dog or cat due to factors beyond their control. The ASPCA encourages any animal parent who may be considering rehoming their dog or cat to enlist the support of a friend, family member, or neighbor who might be willing to take the animal, or reach out to a shelter or rescue organization for advice and assistance.

Animal Wellness

Since the beginning of the pandemic, close to one in five households acquired a cat or dog, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals® (ASPCA), which has released new data from a nationally representative poll of 5,020 respondents. This accounts for approximately 23 million American households! The vast majority of these households still have their new fur babes — 90% for dogs and 85% for cats — and are not considering rehoming their animals in the near future. Despite headlines tied to regional reports of surges in animal surrenders, this trend is not currently evident on a national level, with many organizations simply seeing a return to pre-pandemic operations and intake.

COMPANION ANIMALS HAVE HELPED PEOPLE COPE

“This incredibly stressful period motivated many people to foster and adopt animals, as well as further cherish the pets already in their lives, and our recent research shows no significant risk of animals being rehomed by their owners now or in the near future as a result of the lifting of pandemic-related restrictions,” says Matt Bershadker, ASPCA President and CEO. “Pets are still providing their families with joy and comfort, regardless

of changes in circumstances, and loving owners continue to recognize and appreciate the essential role pets play in their lives.”

As COVID-19 restrictions continue to be lifted, the majority of surveyed dog and cat parents are incorporating their animals into their lifestyles with little reported concerns about having enough time to spend with them, or wanting to travel but feeling limited by their animals. Although some respondents expressed general concerns, 87% said they are not considering rehoming their animals, suggesting that these newer animal parents are remaining committed to caring for their cats and dogs.

For dog and cat parents who are concerned about their new animals experiencing separation anxiety when restrictions lift and routines change, many resources are available to help ease the transition. Working with a certified applied animal behaviorist, veterinary behaviorist, or certified professional dog trainer can also help. For more information about the ASPCA’s efforts to keep people and companion animals together, visit aspca.org.