V26I2 (Spring 2024) by Redstone Media Group

Celebrate 25 years with a fun look back!

SPRING 2024 Display until May 31st, 2024

VOLUME 26 ISSUE 2

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

Columns

CONTENTS Spring 2024

18 TRAINING TALK What is lure-reward dog training?

Lure-reward training is the quickest and easiest technique for teaching dogs the meaning of our verbal instructions and for regularly testing comprehension as proof of training.

Features 10

5 ways to help prevent cancer in dogs and cats D iscover five ways to help lower your companion’s cancer risk by addressing his nutrition, weight, toxin exposure, and more.

allergies in dogs — 14 Faood plan for change

Getting to the bottom of food allergies in your dog requires a plan for change that includes an elimination diet made from novel protein and carbohydrate sources.

atural ways to protect 28 Nyour dog or cat from fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes

The weather’s getting warmer, and that means more fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes! Here are some natural, non-toxic ways to protect your dog or cat from these pests.

66 4

Why positive reinforcement is the best way to train dogs A versive dog training methods often lead to harm, fear, and aggression. Positive reinforcement training, with its rewards-based approach, is more effective and humane.

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22 NEED TO KNOW Chronic inflammation — the root cause of disease in dogs and cats

Chronic inflammation leads to a state of constant “dis-ease” in your dog or cat’s body. Find out how it affects your four-legged friend, and how you can treat or prevent it.

30 ENERGY HEALING

Why Reiki is a good fit for cats

Cats are especially receptive to Reiki, an energetic healing modality that works well with other therapies to help enhance wellness and relaxation.

34 REWIND

Top dog sports — and how to get your canine involved! Dog sports aren’t just a way to add exercise to your best friend’s life. They’re also mentally stimulating, lots of fun, and great for bonding. What’s not to love?

38 KITTY LIFESTYLE Cats and songbirds

Each year, millions of songbirds are killed by roaming cats. Here’s how to keep your kitty from adding to the statistics.

41 ANIMAL HERO

Veterinarian who helps the homeless is CNN's Hero of the Year

44 SKIN HEALTH

Can your dog or cat get ringworm?

This fungal skin disease is usually associated with humans, but it can affect dogs and cats too. It can be treated with conventional medication and/or alternative remedies.

46 SKIN DEEP

What are those black spots on my dog’s skin?

Many dogs develop black spots or dark patches on their skin. While some of these blemishes are harmless, others signal the presence of a more serious problem.

50 WORKING DOGS The benefits of emotional support dogs

For those with anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues, an emotional support dog can be a lifesaver. Find out what these dogs do, and how they help their humans.

54 LOST & FOUND

What to do if your dog or cat goes missing Dogs and cats go missing more often than most people think. Knowing what to do will make your search easier and increase your chances of reuniting with your best friend.

56 AT HOME

Dogs like familiarity and routine, so moving house can cause them stress. The ten tips in this article will help the move go more smoothly and easily for both you and your dog.

58 NUTRITION

72 BREATHING

How acupressure helps relieve your dog’s dry, itchy skin

Wildfire smoke — how to protect your dog or cat

If your dog scratches constantly and compulsively, she has a problem. A holistic approach that includes acupressure can help relieve the discomfort of dry, itchy skin.

69 SPOTLIGHT

KNOW-HOW

9 supplements for inflammation in dogs and cats From flavonoids to fatty acids, these supplements can help dampen the fires of inflammation in your dog or cat’s body.

Wildfires are getting fiercer and more frequent, and poor air quality from smoke is now a widespread problem. Here’s how to protect your dog or cat’s health from its effects.

75 ANIMAL

70 SAFETY FIRST

78 ENDOCRINE

Alliums, cleaning products, and low quality essential oils are just a few of the common household items that can make your kitty sick.

GROOMED

EASY

Rottweiler regains his mobility thanks to printed prosthetic 7 common household items toxic to cats

62 WELL

How to choose the right shampoo and conditioner for your dog

64 ANIMAL

BODYWORK

Moving house? 10 tips to make it easier on your dog

It’s bathtime! But before you dunk your dog in the tub, be sure you’re using a shampoo and conditioner that are gentle and non-toxic as well as cleansing.

WELLNESS CELEBRATES 25 YEARS! HEALTH

The most common endocrine diseases in dogs and cats — part 2

From diabetes to Addison’s disease, a variety of disorders can affect your dog or cat’s endocrine system. This two-part article looks at the most common.

Departments 8 From the Editor

61 Newsworthy

25 Business Profile — Lazy Dog Cookie Co.

80 Let's Get Social

53 In the News

81 Marketplace

49 Product Picks

82 Puzzle Page

Social Media

Tips, contests and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine

Nutrition videos, recipes and more! Animal Wellness Magazine

Tips, pet photos, and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine

Crafts, laughs, and more! AnimalWellness

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ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS VOLUME 26 ISSUE 2

EDITORIAL/CREATIVE DEPARTMENT: Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Senior Content Editor: Ashley Tonkens Senior Content Editor: Belinda Rose-Innes Graphic Design Lead: Ethan Vorstenbosch Graphic Designer: Joy Sunga Web Design & Development: Libby Sinden Cover Photo Photographer: Katho Menden

COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS:

Nadia Ali Gerry Ellen Avery Suzi Beber, Honoris causa Megan Deak Ian Dunbar Andrew Gronwald Jennifer Hinders Ingrid King Angie Krause, DVM, CVA, CCRT Ramona Marek Anna McClain Jared Mitchell, DVM Judy Morgan, DVM, CVA, CVCP, CVFT Sandra Murphy Gillian Ridgeway Laurie Riihimaki Barrie Sands, DVM Nancy Scanlan, DVM, CVA Amy Snow Melody Tavitian-Parra Nancy Zidonis

ADMINISTRATION & SALES:

President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden Subscription Services: Simone Beimbrink Customer Satisfaction Coordinator: Rebecca Veigas HR/Finance: Rosme Mandal

SUBMISSIONS:

ON THE COVER

Celebrate 25 years with a fun look back at some of our favorite Animal Wellness covers! See page 75

Please email all editorial material to Ann Brightman, Managing Editor, at ann@ redstonemediagroup.com. We welcome previously unpublished articles and color pictures either in jpeg, tif or disc form at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received. You can also mail submissions to: Animal Wellness Magazine, Redstone Media Group, 266 Charlotte St., Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2V4, Phone: 705-741-0817. Please direct other correspondence to info@redstonemediagroup.com.

ADVERTISING SALES:

National Sales Manager/Editorial Associate: Kat Shaw, (866) 764-1212 ext. 315 katshaw@redstonemediagroup.com Western Regional Manager: Becky Starr, (866) 764-1212 ext. 221 becky@redstonemediagroup.com Business Development Representative: Luke Pigeon, (866) 764-1212 ext 228 luke.pigeon@redstonemediagroup.com Classified Advertising: Libby Sinden, (866) 764-1212 ext 114 classifiedads@animalwellnessmagazine.com Customer Satisfaction Coordinator: Rebecca Veigas, (866) 764-1212 ext. 225 Rebecca@redstonemediagroup.com

TO SUBSCRIBE:

Subscription price at time of this issue is $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, including taxes for four issues shipped via surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com Phone: (866) 764-1212 ext 115 US Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, Redstone Media Group, 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Centennial, CO 80122 CDN Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, Redstone Media Group, 266 Charlotte St., Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2V4, Phone: 705-741-0817 Subscriptions are payable by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, check or money order. The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers. Refund policy: call or write our customer service department and we will refund unmailed issues.

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME:

Animal Wellness Magazine is available at a discount for resale in retail shops and through various organizations. Call Libby at (866) 764-1212 ext 100 and ask for dealer magazine sales, fax us at (705) 742-4596 or e-mail at libby@animalwellnessmagazine.com

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published four times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2024. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: February 2024. proudly supporting

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FROM THE EDITOR

Scratching the surface and

celebrating milestones! As a kid, I was plagued by allergies. Fresh-cut grass, goldenrod, ragweed, and pollen caused all kinds of issues. So when our family dog, a little Bichon named Lace, got a flea one day, and her skin broke out in little red blotches, I felt her discomfort keenly. Even after we caught the flea, she continued to scratch. Clearly, she had an allergy to these annoying little creatures, and it continued for the remainder of her 16½ years. Allergies in our dogs and cats tend to ramp up in the spring, when environmental allergens such as pollen, fleas and other nasties come out of hiding. If your four-legged friend starts scratching more around this time of year, you’ll want to dive into this issue of Animal Wellness to get a handle on the problem. Find out how to use safe, non-toxic methods to protect your dog or cat from fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes, and the diseases they carry. Discover how a simple acupressure session you can do at home helps relieve dry, itchy skin, and read up on the best and most nutritious foods for preventing and combatting allergies.

Because chronic inflammation lies at the root of allergies, we also feature articles on what causes it, and how to help treat and prevent it, along with the top anti-inflammatory supplements that can bring the condition under control. Chronic inflammation is also associated with the development of cancer, so this issue wouldn’t be complete without including a holistic approach to minimizing the risk of this dreaded disease in your own pooch or kitty. Finally, in this issue, we celebrate our 25th anniversary of Animal Wellness. It’s been an incredible journey and I want to thank my partner in business and life, Tim Hockley, for helping to make our mission a reality. As well, thanks go to Ann Brightman, our managing editor, who has been an incredible member of our team almost since the beginning, starting as a freelance writer before taking over editorial duties. Libby Sinden, thank you for helping to keep the ship pointed in the right direction for so many years. Becky Starr, thank you for helping us build an incredible roster of clients (starting more than two decades ago!)

Thanks also to Kat Shaw, another longtime member of the team, for bringing an amazing group of clients onboard as we dove headfirst into digital and marketing endeavors so many years ago. To our talented designers, Ethan Vorstenbosch and Joy Sunga — thanks for making the magazine come so beautifully to life! Thank you also to Luke Pigeon and Rebecca Veigas for your massive coordination efforts, to content editors extraordinaire Ashley Tonkens and Belinda Rose-Innes, to our uber-friendly subscription manager Simone Beimbrink, and to our “numbers guru” Rosme Mandal. To Sabrina, Shayla, Katy, Sasha (RIP all), Muffie and Jewel, the best furfriends ever, for inspiring us over the last 25 years to make your lives healthier and happier. And of course, the final thanks go to our readers, website visitors and followers — thank you for continuing to trust us to bring you the best content out there!

Dana Cox Editor-in-Chief

Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine 8

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CONTRIBUTORS Veterinarian Dr. Angie Krause graduated from Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine in 2007. She incorporates holistic modalities into her practice, has a love for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Physical Medicine, and offers laser therapy, myofascial release, physical therapy, nutrition, and more. Dr. Angie has a house call practice called Boulder Holistic Vet (BoulderHolisticVet.com). p. 10

Ingrid King is a former veterinary hospital manager and author of five cat books, including Buckley’s Story: Lessons from a Feline Master Teacher and Tortitude: The BIG Book of Cats With a BIG Attitude. Ingrid writes for magazines and websites around the world. She is the founder of Purrs of Wisdom with Ingrid King, where she writes about all things feline. For more information, visit IngridKing.com. p. 30

Veterinarian Dr. Jared Mitchell graduated from Mississippi State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine in 2004, and owns Mitchell Animal Clinic in Mobile, Alabama. He has advanced training in essential oils through the VMAA. Dr. Mitchell is certified in veterinary acupuncture and veterinary food therapy through Chi University, and is enrolled in their Masters of TCVM program. p. 22

Andrea Gronwald is a certified family dog trainer through Raise with Praise, Inc., owned and operated by Paul Owens, a leading positive dog training expert. She has worked with dogs for two Humane Societies. Andrea and her dog were also part of a volunteer pet therapy program for veterans. She is a strong proponent of positive training methods. p. 66

Veterinarian Dr. Judy Morgan graduated from the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine in 1984. She is certified in Veterinary Orthopedic Manipulation, and in Acupuncture and Food Therapy from the Chi Institute, as well as acupuncture, food therapy, and chiropractic care. She has authored four books on holistic pet care, and has over 700 educational videos on Facebook and YouTube (drjudymorgan.com). p. 78 Veterinarian Dr. Barrie Sands received her DVM degree from Ross University in 1991. She achieved her CVA certification from IVAS in 2003, followed by advanced training in food and herbal therapies and homeopathy. Dr. Sands works at the VCA Emergency and Referral Center in San Diego, and is head of the Integrative Holistic department. She authored The Stupid Things My Human Does; True Stories from the Animal ER. p. 58 Veterinarian Dr. Nancy Scanlan is Executive Director for the AHVM Foundation, a board member of the WATCVM, and a consultant on the VIN. She has been using complementary health therapies in her practice since 1970, including nutraceuticals, acupuncture, non-classical homeopathy, and Chinese and Western herbs. Dr. Scanlan was Executive Director of the AHVMA for three years and president of the VBMA for two years. p. 44 Gerry Ellen is a freelance creative writer, marketing copywriter, and published author of seven nonfiction books. She is a contributing writer for numerous brands and businesses, scriptwriter for a travel entertainment app, copywriter for various websites, and a serial blogger. Gerry is also a wellness facilitator of yoga with dogs (gerryellenavery.com, eightpawswellness. squarespace.com). p. 50

Nadia Ali is a freelance writer from London, who currently resides in the Caribbean. Her adopted shelter cat, Cici, who has now passed on, still serves as her inspiration to write about beloved companion animals. You can follow Nadia on Twitter at @NadiaAwriter. p. 38

Jennifer Hinders is a freelance writer, editor and dog lover who lives in Fairfax, Virginia (jhinders.com). p. 28

Ramona D. Marek, MS Ed. is an award-winning writer and author who writes about pet care, health and welfare, behavior, and cats in the arts. Her work has been honored with many prestigious awards as well as Cat Writers' Association Certificates of Excellence and MUSE Medallions, including for her book, Cats for the GENIUS. Ramona volunteers at O'Malley Alley Cat Rescue in Tyler, TX. Her cat Bebe has her wrapped around his paw. p. 72

Anna McClain is a certified Grief Support Specialist and owner of PAWS Pathway, offering pet loss grief support focusing on the human-animal bond. She loves animals of all sizes and is also a Support Specialist for MN Pets. p. 54

Gillian Ridgeway began her dog training career in 1972, and has certificates in canine behavior and aggression from the University of Guelph. She is a founding member of the Canadian Association of Professional Pet Dog Trainers. Gillian founded Who’s Walking Who Dog Training in 1989, then sold the business in 2018 to focus on helping puppy parents privately in their homes (caninecoach.ca). p. 34

Laurie Riihimaki is a full-time freelance writer and editor covering topics from animals and holistic medicine to fitness and personal development. Her theatre background in Boston, London, and NYC has helped her create a fun voice that she utilizes in her writing. Laurie also develops novels, poetry, and personal essays. p. 62

Dr. Suzi Beber creates special needs diets for animals. She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and a Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund received the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award. p. 14

Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis are the authors of ACU-DOG: A Guide to Canine Acupressure, ACU-CAT: A Guide to Feline Acupressure, and ACU-HORSE: A Guide to Equine Acupressure. They founded Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Resources, which offers books, manuals, online training courses, DVDs, apps, meridian charts, consulting, and many more acupressure learning tools and opportunities (animalacupressure.com; tallgrass@animalacupressure.com). p. 64

Meg Deak is a Canadian journalist passionate about health for animals and people. She has written for publications including the Norfolk News, Haldimand Press, Middlesex Banner, and World Atlas. When she isn't writing she can be found reading and hiking. Meg is an animal lover with a soft spot for German Shepherds. p. 70

Melody Tavitian-Parra is a UCLA graduate, majoring in English literature and Spanish. Sje then went to Puerto Rico for a year to teach English/Writing. She is also an actress, and passionate about animal welfare, film, and health/ fitness. Her acting work can be seen on IMDb under Melody Parra. p. 46

Dr. Ian Dunbar is a veterinarian and animal behaviorist who developed the SIRIUS® Puppy Training method in 1982, revolutionizing how puppies and dogs were trained. His lure-reward, off-leash training techniques provide an effective alternative to aversive methods. Dr. Dunbar authored numerous bestselling books, including How to Teach a New Dog Old Tricks, Doctor Dunbar’s Good Little Dog Book, and Barking Up the Right Tree. p. 18

Sandra Murphy lives in St Louis, Missouri. When she's not writing, she works as a pet sitter. p. 56

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

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ways to help prevent cancer in dogs & cats

Cancer is one of the most common and dreaded diseases affecting dogs and cats. Discover five ways to help lower your own companion’s cancer risk by addressing his nutrition, weight, toxin exposure, and more.

Dogs •

Whenever possible, feed your dog a less processed diet. Raw or cooked diets are preferable, but may not be economical or work for your dog’s body. It is fine and safe to feed a mixture of high quality foods (raw, cooked, kibble, etc.) each day. It’s important to note that at least 90% of your dog’s calories should come from nutritionally balanced formulas.

•

Avoid giving your dog processed meats such as hot dogs, lunch meat and bacon.

•

Use fresh fruits and vegetables as treats, and as an addition to a balanced diet. Avoid grapes, raisins, and onions, and use garlic very sparingly. Focus on superfoods that are rich in nutrients, such as berries and leafy greens.

•

While people may benefit from legumes in their diet, dogs may not. More research is needed to understand how much of a dog’s daily diet should be composed of legumes.

Cancer is increasingly common in our dogs and cats. For some people, the fear of a cancer diagnosis in their beloved companions can be crippling, even if their dogs and cats are currently healthy. While some cancers may not be preventable, there are many steps you can take to improve your animal’s overall health and quality of life, while potentially decreasing their risk of cancer — from nutrition to weight control to a toxin-free lifestyle.

MAKE NUTRITION A TOP CONSIDERATION

To decrease the risk of cancer in humans, the American Cancer Society recommends consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, legumes and grains, while minimizing processed meat, refined foods, and sugary beverages. This diet increases the consumption of fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other nutrients shown to lower the risk of certain cancers in humans. Here are a few ways these recommendations can be adapted for dogs and cats:

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Cats •

Cats are obligate carnivores, which means they need meat to get all their required nutrients. They d0 not require as much fiber from fruits and vegetables, and tend to be less attracted to these foods. However, kittens can be introduced to more fruits and vegetables to provide a wider variety of healthy foods. Homegrown cat grass can be beneficial for some cats, but there’s no evidence that this fiber source decreases a cat’s cancer risk. Remember to avoid grapes, raisins, and onions.

•

Ideally, your cat should eat a high protein, moisture rich diet that’s low in carbohydrates. For this reason, most kibble is not recommended. Commercial dry foods are naturally high in carbohydrates and low in moisture, even if grain free. Raw or canned diets more closely mimic the nutrient makeup of small prey animals like mice and rabbits.

•

As with dogs, it’s best to avoid bacon and other processed meats.

CONTROL YOUR COMPANION’S WEIGHT

Obesity increases the risk of many diseases in humans, including several types of cancer. We know obesity also increases the risk of certain diseases in cats and dogs, but don't yet have a clear understanding about its link to cancer. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to keep your animal lean. Talk with your veterinarian about your dog or cat’s current body condition, and if there is a need for a weight loss plan. Meanwhile, the following tips can help dogs and cats maintain a healthy body condition:

Dogs •

Create a daily routine that includes physical activity. Adding in a few daily walks can go a long way in keeping your dog lean and well-muscled. It’s also a great way to improve her mental health.

•

Keep track of the treats your pup consumes throughout the day. This is the most common means by which dogs consume too many calories.

•

Add fruits and vegetables to your dog’s diet to help her feel fuller between meals.

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Cats •

Replacing low-end kibble with a canned or commerciallyprepared raw food diet may be the only thing you need to do for your cat to lose weight.

•

Feed your kitty four to five small meals throughout the day to keep her satiated.

•

Play with your cat for a few minutes before meals to help burn calories and relieve stress. This also completes the prey cycle, allowing your cat to mimic the hunting process.

USE VACCINES JUDICIOUSLY

Dogs There is no proven link between vaccination and increased cancer risk in dogs. Used judiciously — which means avoiding overvaccination or unnecessary vaccines, based on lifestyle, risk factors, health status, etc. — most vaccines are reasonably safe and are important for preventing serious infectious disease. Vaccine technology is currently being used to treat cancer through the creation of individual vaccines against malignant cells. These vaccines have shown great promise. A vaccine trial involving 900 dogs is currently underway to investigate the possibility of cancer prevention in canines.

Cats In cats, vaccines can sometimes cause what is known as a feline injection site sarcoma (FISS). While rare, this cancer can be very aggressive. As a result, the current recommendation is to vaccinate cats as low on the leg as possible. This ensures that in the event a sarcoma were to develop, the leg could be amputated and surgery would be curative. While vaccines remain an important part of fatal disease prevention in cats, it is again recommended to create a vaccine protocol based on your kitty’s lifestyle, risk factors, and current health. Using vaccine technology with an adjuvant may decrease the risk of a vaccine-related sarcoma.

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Some breeds are more prone to cancer than others ertain dog and cat breeds are at higher C risk for cancer than others. Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, and Bernese Mountain Dogs are among the canine breeds more susceptible to cancer, while Persians, Siamese and Bengals are a few of the cat breeds with higher cancer rates. I f you have one of these breeds, or mix of breeds, talk to your veterinarian about a preventative plan that includes regular diagnostics, such as abdominal ultrasounds, radiographs, and blood tests, to detect cancer before symptoms occur.

MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS

Exposure to environmental chemicals has been linked to cancer in both humans and animals. Carcinogenic chemicals are found in our homes, lawn care products, drinking water and air. Here are some easy ways to lower your dog or cat’s exposure. • Avoid lawn chemicals for weed control. When possible, use less toxic or manual alternatives. • Replace household cleaning chemicals with simple ingredients. Most homes can be cleaned with soap, vinegar, and water. These safer cleaning products are available in most big box stores. •

se filtered water. Your municipality should provide a U yearly report on your water quality, so you can select a filtration system most appropriate for your area. Before purchasing a filter, research which contaminants it removes from the water.

•

Install air filters. A whole house air filter, or HEPA style air filters in each room, can drastically improve air quality.

DETECT CANCER EARLY

The earlier cancer is detected, the more treatable it may be. In some cases, early detection may result in complete removal and cure. If your dog or cat develops a new mass or lump, have it checked right away. Your veterinarian can help determine if the mass is benign or requires further evaluation. In the latter case, a small needle is used to pull out cells from the mass for examination under the microscope. Cancer isn’t 100% preventable, but taking the five measures outlined in this article will help lower your dog or cat’s risk while also enhancing her overall health and quality of life.

Getting to the bottom of

Food allergies in dogs — a plan for change

food allergies in your dog requires a comprehensive plan for change that includes an elimination diet made from novel protein and carbohydrate sources.

BY DR. SUZI BEBER, HONORIS CAUSA

Some things never change. When it comes to food allergies in dogs, “no corn, no soy, no wheat, no yeast” (the first food mantra I learned) still comes to mind as people contact me about their dogs’ allergies. They’re still considered among the top food allergens in dogs — but many other foods can now be added to the list. For example, a lamb and rice combination was once considered the so-called hypoallergenic diet, but this is no longer the case. This article takes a closer look at the foods that can cause allergies in your dog — and the foods that can help him heal, along with some tasty and wholesome recipes to try.

Getting to the root of your dog’s allergies

TIP:

Few things are more frustrating than watching your dog frantically scratch, lick and chew himself, or trying to cope with ongoing ear infections, hot spots, or gastrointestinal issues that you just can’t get a grip on. Even more challenging is figuring out is whether your dog has a food intolerance or an outright allergy, which can also be triggered by environmental factors, reactions to vaccines, or insect bites and stings.

The trick is to reach beneath the surface of the skin to the core of the problem.

Animal Wellness

What happens during an allergic response? An allergy is defined as a “hypersensitive state acquired though exposure to a particular allergen.” In simple terms, an allergy is an overreactive response or hypersensitivity that affects your dog’s immune system. Most reactions involve an antibody in the blood called Immunoglobulin E or IgE. IgE molecules combine with the allergen’s protein molecules and attach to mast cells found throughout the body. The mast cells release histamines and that leads to an allergic response. When it comes to food allergies, we are presented with a huge challenge, because there are so many variables to consider.

A plan for change — nixing her allergies Because allergies can make your dog miserable, and lead to secondary infections, it’s important to get to the bottom of the problem and take steps to alleviate it.

Testing for allergies Begin with a visit to a holistic or integrative veterinarian, who will discuss possible testing and dietary changes. When it comes to dietary allergies, feeding your dog a test diet, then monitoring clinical signs, can be more reliable than laboratory tests. The

latter include radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests to identify specific foods causing an allergy; blood tests that measure levels of the IgA antibody coating and protecting the mucosal surface of the intestines; and skin tests that evaluate reactions to specific foods. Consider a thyroid panel too.

TIP:

Your goal is to determine the specific food or foods causing problems for your dog, and an elimination diet is one way to do it. This can be challenging, and requires commitment and patience. Every single person who spends time with your dog becomes part of this “plan for change.” Family members, visitors to your home, and even your post person, if they happen to carry treats, must be told your dog is not to be given any food item other than those you have designated as “safe.”

You need to start with a clean slate.

Once you have made the decision to try an elimination diet, it is important to make a commitment to stick with it for eight to 12 weeks. It is essential to write down everything that could have a potential impact on your dog, from the daily weather report to the areas you walk your dog, just in case environmental sensitivities are adding to the “whole picture” of her allergies. Also make note of any soaps and sprays you use or could come in contact with, both inside and outside your home. In other words, anything and everything! •S tep 1: Stop your current feeding program, including all those tasty tidbits from your own dinner; supplements, vitamins and minerals that may contain fillers and added flavoring that could cause an allergic reaction; and all treats and chews (no sneaking). Even medications, such as chewable heartworm tablets, need to be considered in your elimination diet plan. You may feel as if you are taking on a monumental project, but the hard work is worth it when you remember you’re helping your dog towards a healther and happier life. • Step 2: What should you feed your dog when he’s on an elimination diet and you’re making a fresh start with his food? Working with your veterinarian, choose one protein source and one carbohydrate source that your dog has never been exposed to before. o Novel protein sources could include buffalo, duck, elk, emu, kangaroo, ostrich, rabbit, and venison (although some of these are not so “novel” anymore!) • Buffalo is an excellent protein choice for dogs with allergies that include not only a skin-related allergic response, but gastrointestinal issues as well. it’s also heart-healthy because it is low in fat and

• Kangaroo is another great source of high quality protein. It contains vitamins B6 and B12, riboflavin, niacin, iron, and zinc. Kangaroo also contains hearthealthy long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids and, like buffalo, contains CLA. • Ostrich has an ideal pH balance, so the meat does not attract bacteria like E-coli and salmonella. o Novel carbohydrate sources may include everything from amaranth, buckwheat and sorghum, to quinoa, teff, and Montina, as well as different types of squash, such as butternut squash, which has been found to be a great ingredient for allergy diets. •S tep 3: Within a few weeks on an elimination diet, if you’re lucky, your dog’s problems will begin to improve. As a result, you can be fairly certain there was something in your dog’s old diet that was triggering her allergies. If fairly certain isn’t good enough for you, reintroduce the food you think was the allergy trigger. If symptoms reappear within seven to 14 days, you will have confirmation of a food allergy. If you don’t want to be so adventurous, and your dog is doing well on his elimination diet, new foods can be added one at a time. You can then carefully monitor your dog for any adverse reactions.

TIP:

The elimination diet

cholesterol. Buffalo is a good source of vitamins B6 and B12, copper, iron, niacin, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, selenium, and zinc. It also contains conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which is recognized as a cancer preventive.

Write everything down as you move through the elimination diet process. I have always found that keeping a little journal in the kitchen is beneficial, as I can “feed and write."

•S tep 4: When the time comes to reconsider adding supplements to your dog’s diet, start by looking at whole fish body oils, like wild salmon oil, which are beneficial to dogs with allergies; as well as evening primrose and borage oils, which are also known to have a positive impact on allergies. If fish oils are a problem for your dog, there are some great alternatives to consider, such as hemp and camelina, which is a fabulous source of vitamin E. Just as we are all different, our dogs are too, and food allergies can develop at any time. Managing a food allergy means always being alert, but when you know what to look for and what to do about it, you are a long, long way along the road to ensuring health and happiness for your dog. To get even further along the way, try one or all of the recipes accompanying this article! www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

ion Useful nutrit rmin, a ily. It contains curcu to the ginger fam gs lon be c ine, eri am urm • T t and an antihist ts as a decongestan ac t tha nd s ou ha mp o co se. Turmeric als uce histamine relea red lp he n ca . es ich rti wh tibacterial prope analgesic, and an ult in anti-inflammatory, ch turmeric can res an better — too mu me t no es do re Mo set. gastrointestinal up , C, and K, ing vitamins A, B6 th nutrients, includ wi ed ck pa is a valuable ale is • K d potassium. It n, manganese, an iro er, pp co , trients, um nu lci ca tioxidants, phyto d is packed with an an er, fib of e urc so and carotenoids. ng to ins A and E, helpi rich source of vitam ry ve a is oil e Omega-9 liv in • O ls. It is also rich causing free radica neutralize cancer-

RECIPES

facts

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Instructions

Place olive whenever possible. ts ien ed gr in c ni ga Choose or Add ground at to medium high. oil in pan and turn he d spices, and with the olive oil, ad ix m ly nt ge , ein ot pr appear, turn heat Ingredients r. As soon as bubbles sti to ue in , nt elk co . e.g — e is no pink vel protein of choice inue to stir until ther nt co d an er, m • 1 pound ground no sim down to with Kale trich Cool and serve. Top t. kangaroo, buffalo, os ea m e oil th na in eli g m in ca ain rem oil or pressed virgin olive Kale Krunch. • 3 tablespoons firstKoctail or alongside lt • ½ teaspoon sea sa ade with or turmeric paste, m o be served raw. teaspoon turmeric •½ te: This dish can als No ground turmeric root

Stir Fry Novel Protein

Kale Kocktail or Kale Krunch

350°F. Line a cookie sheet Kale Krunch: Preheat oven to y clean-up. Remove the with parchment paper for eas Ingredients ms of the kale, and cut or leaves from the thick outer ste • 1 bunch kale ed pieces. Wash the leaves e oil, camelina oil, tear the leaves into big bite-siz • 1 tablespoon first-pressed oliv them in a salad spinner or pat with filtered water, then dry or hemp oil the kale pieces on the cookie dry with a tea towel. Spread • 1 teaspoon sea salt inkle with sea salt and or turmeric paste made sheet. Drizzle with oil and spr teaspoon turmeric powder •½ g Kale Kocktail) utes, until the edges of the from turmeric root (for makin turmeric. Bake for ten to 15 min color. Remove from the oven, leaves are turning golden in container, so the chips Instructions e. cool, and serve. Store in an open sibl pos ver ene wh ts ien red ing is a treat the whole family Kale Kocktail: Choose organic use don’t lose their “crunch.” This and r nde ble or sor ces pro d Whirl all ingredients in a foo can enjoy! vel” protein. as a topper on raw or cooked “no

Animal Wellness

Elimination Diet Treats Ingredients

Begin with ¼ cup water, and add more as needed. Add flour a little at a time, until thoroughly blended. • 2 ½ cups whole flour — e.g. paleo baking flour that is Transfer dough to the cookie sheet. Flatten with a fork grain- and gluten-free or made from a pseudo grain, or the back of a spoon until the dough reaches the edges of the cookie sheet. Score with a sharp knife. like quinoa or teff Bake for half an hour, then turn down oven to 275°F • ¼ to ½ cup filtered water and bake for another 1½ hours. Turn oven off and Instructions allow the biscuits to cool completely before storing Choose organic ingredients whenever possible. them in an open container or the fridge. Biscuits Preheat oven to 350°F and cover a cookie sheet with should have a good crunch and can be dehydrated too. parchment paper. Place the protein and water in a food processor or blender, and whirl until smooth. • 2 cups novel protein of choice — e.g. elk, kangaroo, ostrich

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brand NutriSource recipes for dogs and cats come in grain and grain-free formulations. Available in wet and dry recipes, with special diets for all life stages, and a large selection for rotational feeding. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

TRAINING TALK

What is

LURE-REWARD

dog training? BY DR. IAN DUNBAR

Lure-reward training is by far the quickest and easiest technique for teaching dogs the meaning of our verbal instructions and for regularly testing comprehension as proof of training.

og training is almost entirely about communication, specifically teaching dogs our language, that is, ESL*…. Initially, food lures are used to teach the meaning of handsignals, and then food lures are phased out and handsignals are used to teach the meaning of verbal instructions. Dogs learn handsignals quickly because they are a language dogs understand — body language. Once dogs understand what we say, dog training transcends to a different level. As our dog acquires an ever-expanding vocabulary, teaching basic manners becomes even quicker and easier. The central tenet of any educational endeavor is to, first, clearly communicate what we would like someone to do. With our dogs, that means whatever is contextually appropriate from a human viewpoint, and then we reward them for doing it. Luring stacks the deck so the dog is more likely to get it “right” from the outset, and then the dog is frequently rewarded for getting it right, which is the prime directive of all reward-based training techniques. As a dog’s vocabulary grows, this changes the playing field when it comes to misbehavior and lack of compliance. Now, we may simply instruct our dog exactly how we would like them to act. It is an amazing relief and a true delight to learn how to effectively prevent or terminate misbehavior and noncompliance using our voice. In fact, voicing only a single word can communicate three vital pieces of information to the dog: (1) Stop what you’re doing, (2) do this instead, and (3) the degree of danger for noncompliance. For example, if your dog is about to pee in the house, say, with some urgency, “Outside” or “Toilet.” If your dog is barking, instruct, “Shush.” If your dog is practicing agility in the living room, say, “Bed.” And if your dog is chasing the cat or your children, or about to dash out the front door or jump up on someone, simply instruct, “Sit.” A simple Sit is often the solution to so many problems. Rather than waiting for utterly predictable bad habits and behavior problems to rear their ugly heads, and then attempting to correct them after the fact, lure-reward training takes the opposite approach — preventing predictable problems by teaching desirable behavior from the outset and establishing and internalizing good habits. Then, as these good habits are frequently reinforced, they increase in frequency and naturally crowd out unwanted behaviors. Lure-reward training rests on several key elements: early socialization, clear communication, offleash training, and the use of life rewards, not simply food treats.

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• E arly socialization: Ideally, prior to eight weeks of age, puppies should grow up indoors, in an enriched environment, and meet lots and lots of people safely at home. The consequences of insufficient socialization with people during the first three months of life become apparent when dogs reach five to eight months of age. Fear, anxiety, and reactivity toward scary stimuli and situations, especially unfamiliar people and dogs, are all adolescentonset behaviors that destroy manners and make life a misery for dogs and owners alike. However, it’s never too late to socialize an older dog, should they lack confidence and life skills. However old your dog is when they join your family, start socializing right away. • C lear communication: We need to bring back our voice to training. From the outset, we must teach the meaning of our instructions and then test that dogs understand them. We need to teach dogs ESL (or whatever language you prefer). Clear verbal instruction is essential for cuing basic manners and for providing guidance when dogs err. Then let’s use our

words to praise our dogs and celebrate with them when they do a good job. • O ff-leash training: First train your puppy or newly adopted adult dog off-leash at home, both indoors and outdoors, and only then attach the leash to your trained puppy for their first walk. Otherwise, your untrained dog will likely learn to pull onleash during their very first walk. For inveterate pullers, words of guidance help considerably; for example, to instruct a dog to speed up when lagging, say, “Hustle,” and to instruct a dog to slow down when forging or pulling, say, “Steady.” • Life rewards: To begin, lure-reward training uses food lures to teach dogs what we would like them to do, and it uses food rewards to motivate them to want to comply. However, food lures are phased out entirely as soon as dogs learn handsignals, and food rewards are largely replaced by far more powerful life rewards. This is done by integrating numerous, very short training interludes into walks, sniffs, play with other dogs, and interactive games with us. Additionally, we creatively “power up” praise as perhaps the most powerful secondary reinforcement on the planet.

Other behaviors and activities that dogs really enjoy are also used as rewards — behaviors that most people consider “problems.” However, by putting “problem” behaviors on cue, we can teach dogs when it is OK to bark, hug, or let off steam (and when it is not). By using cued behaviors as rewards, the problematic notion of the undesired expression of a dog’s normal, natural, and necessary behaviors becomes history, since we know how to turn them on…and how to turn them off. All in all, life rewards are so much more powerful and effective than a mere food treat. The key for a successful relationship is learning how to finetune and mold our dog’s temperament, reliably cue desirable behavior, modify behavior in terms of appropriateness (when, where, what, how much, and how long) and quality (reliability, promptness, duration, precision, pizzazz, and panache), and motivate dogs in such a way that they are only too happy to oblige. Eventually, external rewards become unnecessary because the dog becomes internally reinforced and self-motivated, and simply doing what we’ve asked becomes more than sufficient reward. This is the tango of training — an exquisite, interactive, unique choreography of life that dogs enjoy with their people, and people enjoy with their dogs. In a sense, the same verve that dogs have for tracking, running, chasing, hunting, herding, and pulling fuels the dog’s joy for training, that is, interacting with and being part of a trusting, thoroughly enjoyable, totally encompassing relationship with us. This is when we realize that dogs are so much more than their genetic heritage. Each dog is an individual — a one-off — our dog. And this is when we fall in love.

“WE NEED TO BRING BACK OUR VOICE TO TRAINING.”

“THIS IS THE TANGO OF TRAINING —

AN EXQUISITE, INTERACTIVE, UNIQUE CHOREOGRAPHY OF LIFE THAT DOGS

*Editor’s note: ESL refers to “English as a Second Language” — in this case, second to “dog”. Excerpted from Dr. Ian Dunbar’s new book, Barking Up the Right Tree — The Science and Practice of Positive Dog Training (New World Library, December 2023). A veterinarian and animal behaviorist, Dr. Dunbar developed the SIRIUS® Puppy Training method in 1982, revolutionizing how puppies and dogs were trained. In Barking Up the Right Tree, he details this quick, easy, and highly effective lure-reward approach for teaching dogs ESL.

Animal Wellness

ENJOY WITH THEIR PEOPLE, AND

PEOPLE ENJOY WITH THEIR DOGS.”

ADVERTORIAL

NATURAL CALMING FOR ANXIOUS DOGS If your dog suffers from anxiety, you’re not alone. A recent Finnish study revealed that more than 72% of dogs had at least one anxiety-related behavior.* According to the study, which involved almost 14,000 dogs, everything from noise sensitivity and other dogs to strangers and new situations had the capacity to put dogs into fight or flight mode.

BOTANICAL BLISS

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Six rigorously researched botanical extracts

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All these ingredients come together in a tasty once-a-day chew designed to provide holistic support for the healthy functioning of your companion animal's nervous system.

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SERENITY FROM L-THEANINE

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STRESS-REDUCING BLEND Peaceful Pet also includes a proprietary blend called RELORA®, derived from the barks of the Magnolia and Phellodendron trees. This unique combination has been scientifically proven to reduce stress, moderate anxiety, and uplift mood by promoting the balance of key neurotransmitters (like dopamine and serotonin) in your animal’s nervous system.

Finally, Peaceful Pet incorporates two bioactive forms of vitamin B6, crucial for the delicate balancing of neurotransmitters and reducing anxiety and stress. If all this sounds like so much sciencespeak to you, then let the “proof be in the pooching”. With all-natural ingredients, Peaceful Pet is safe to try out on your own pup. Because no animal should have to live in a constant state of stress and anxiety. And you don’t need to live in a home filled with the remnants of their anxious actions. Serenity and balance are yours, and your dog’s, for the taking.

* Prevalence, comorbidity, and breed differences in canine anxiety in 13,700 Finnish pet dogs. Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 5;10(1):2962. doi: 10.1038/ s41598-020-59837-z. http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32139728/.

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

NEED TO KNOW

C H R O N I C D gs Cats

— the root cause of

While acute inflammation is beneficial for healing, chronic inflammation leads to a state of constant “dis-ease” within your dog or cat’s body. Find out how chronic inflammation affects your four-legged friend, and how you can treat or prevent it.

The body has numerous mechanical and physiological responses to injury. Inflammation is one of these processes.

FA F ST A

: CT

A ccording to the Cleveland Clinic, “The body activates the immune system, which in turn sends out inflammatory cells to attack and protect against foreign pathogens or aid in healing damaged tissue.”

Several types of biochemical mediators are released during inflammation, and can intensify or perpetuate the inflammatory cycle because of their pro-inflammatory nature. Complementderived peptides, bradykinin, histamine, serotonin, and cytokines are just some of these pro-inflammatory mediators. Specific mediators may act locally at the site of injury, while others can influence the whole body by acting systemically. The stimulation of pro-inflammatory mediators follows an intricately interconnected process whereby they are released at different stages of injury, inflammation, and healing.

Animal Wellness

Inflammation can have a very positive influence by protecting the body during times of trauma or illness caused by invading pathogens. The immune system’s rapid response to injury or illness triggers a very targeted and controlled pro-inflammatory response. This positive response focusses on eliminating the threat, and is selflimiting, with inflammation dissipating once the concern has been addressed. Inflammation plays an important role in the process of tissue healing. The desired outcome of the inflammatory process is to eliminate the consequences of acute trauma, and eliminate any specific pathogens that could inhibit or delay the overall healing process. In other words, inflammation prepares the foundation for tissue repair.

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH There can be a dark side to inflammation if it is not regulated, and is allowed to run rampant through the body.

: CT

F ST A

WHAT EXACTLY IS INFLAMMATION?

THE POSITIVE SIDE OF INFLAMMATION

Inflammation is a natural bodily process. It is intricate and complicated, yet in the right circumstances can be gentle enough to heal. As with most natural processes in the body, however, balance must be maintained to allow for optimal wellness, and inflammation is no different. It can be a necessary part of the healing process, but if left unchecked, chronic inflammation can lead to many of the diseases seen in our dogs and cats. Let’s take a closer look at what chronic inflammation is, what causes it, and how it can be treated and even prevented.

oth physical and emotional factors of B a dog or cat’s environment can create situations in which inflammation becomes unregulated. This creates chronic, lowgrade inflammation.

I N F LA M M AT I O N disease in dogs and cats by Jared Mitchell, DVM, CVMA, CVA, CVFT

1. HEART DISEASE Chronic inflammation can cause mitochondrial damage with increased release of free radicals, which in turn exacerbates the inflammation. If left unchecked, chronic inflammation can damage the cells of the heart muscle and allow for the formation of fibrosis within the heart tissue.

2. LIVER DISORDERS Chronic inflammation activates specific cells in the liver responsible for producing the organ’s extra-cellular matrix. Over time, the increased production of extra-cellular matrix can lead to the production of fibrotic tissue, resulting in liver fibrosis.

3. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Kidney disorders, especially chronic kidney disease, often involve chronic inflammation as both a cause and result of the disease process. Chronic low-grade inflammation coupled with oxidative stress allow for mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrosis to occur.

4. ALLERGIES AND SKIN PROBLEMS Allergies and skin disorders in dogs and cats include chronic inflammation as a major contributing factor. It weakens the immune system to a point where it cannot fight off the allergens the animal may encounter. It is also important to consider chronic inflammation in skin disorders where secondary bacterial, fungal, and yeast infections have occurred.

F ST A

: CT

ith the immune system in a weakened W state, the normal flora of the body can overgrow and cause problems.

Chronic inflammation can lead to disturbances in the body’s immune response, affecting the latter’s response to infections and causing the dog or cat to become more susceptible to infectious agents as well as the development of tumors and cancers. A weakened immune system along with chronic inflammation can also create changes within the cellular physiology of the animal, leading to issues in the organs. Heart disease, liver disorders, kidney concerns, allergies, and chronic gastrointestinal diseases are some of the most common disorders linked to chronic inflammation.

5. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS Chronic inflammation is a critical factor when considering gastrointestinal problems. It has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative disorders of the GI tract, alterations within the gut microbiome, and the development of gastrointestinal and colorectal cancers.

6. CANCER As the immune system is altered and its defensive mechanisms weakened by chronic inflammation, the body gets out of balance and homeostatic mechanisms are constantly trying to keep up. The longer this goes on, and the longer the inflammation persists, the more adequate conditions become for cancer to form. Chronic inflammation can allow pro-neoplastic mutations to occur. It can also allow for changes in the body that can promote a more positive survival environment for the cancer cells.

TRY ADDING THESE ANTIOXIDANT FOODS TO YOUR DOG OR CAT’S DIET •

Blueberries

•

Papaya

•

Mango

•

Colostrum

•

Leafy greens

•

Green-lipped mussel

•

Fish rich in Omega-3 fatty acids

•

Turmeric

•

Ginger www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

Interestingly, prevention can sometimes mirror treatment, and includes considerations such as quality exercise, fresh water to provide hydration and keep the body detoxified, a high quality, species specific anti-inflammatory diet, and high quality supplements to help detoxify, provide antioxidant qualities, and reduce inflammatory factors within the body. EXERCISE Exercise is an important part of a healthy life. It is also important for preventing and treating inflammation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise can trigger immune responses, while more regular exercise can reduce circulating inflammatory markers.

THE 3 PHASES OF INFLAMMATION 1. ACUTE a. Duration of one to three days b. Includes clinical signs such as heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function

Drinking plenty of fresh water is crucial for keeping our dogs and cats happy and healthy. Since the majority of an animal’s body consists of water, it’s no wonder it’s such an important resource for maintaining health. Water supports production of lymph, which helps drain areas of the body and rid it of harmful and damaging materials. DIET A proper diet is critical for reducing chronic inflammation. What our dogs and cats eat can either feed a disease, or provide nourishment to strengthen the immune system. It’s always recommended to feed a species-specific diet rich in organic, whole food nutrients. The diet should be properly prepared with minimal processing, as the latter often destroys vital nutrients.

: CT

F ST A

One of the best approaches to treating a disease is to try and prevent it before it occurs. Inflammation is no different, and while the acute phase of inflammation is very beneficial to the healing process, chronic inflammation can cause serious problems for your dog or cat’s health. Taking steps to ensure a healthier lifestyle and stronger immune system is the best prevention approach.

FRESH WATER

TREATING AND PREVENTING INFLAMMATION

rocessing can produce thermal changes P in the food; this may create heat, which when taken into the body can increase inflammation.

It’s best to work with a holistc or integrative veterinarian when developing an anti-inflammatory diet for your dog or cat. Recommendations may vary depending on different holistic philosophies such as TCVM or Ayurvedic medicine. Some research recommends avoiding inflammatory vegetables such those in the nightshade family — i.e. potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, and peppers. Diets should be rich in antioxidants known to have anti-inflammatory properties. SUPPLEMENTS

2. SUBACUTE a. Duration of three to four days up to a month b. This is the “cleaning phase” before repair can occur

3. CHRONIC a. O ccurs if the subacute phase is not resolved within one month b. Inflammation can last several months and sometimes years c. Can lead to “dis-ease” within the body and the immune system, which in turn will develop into true disease conditions and illnesses if left unchecked

Animal Wellness

Vitamins and supplements play an important role in reducing chronic inflammation. Essential fatty acids and vitamins such as C, E and A are among those known to help reduce chronic inflammation. It is important to consider how these products are sourced, and to choose the highest quality organic supplements available. While acute inflammation can be beneficial for healing, chronic inflammation can lead to a state of constant “dis-ease” within the body. If left unchecked, the body’s immune system becomes weakened over time, allowing full disease processes to take hold. Understanding the consequences of chronic inflammation helps lead to better outcomes from treatments and preventive measures — and better health for your dog or cat.

BUSINESS PROFILE

Homegrown Company

Celebrates Dogs with Healthy Oven-Baked Treats Amy Augustine is a lifelong animal lover and dog parent. Like many others, she was troubled by the low quality of commercial dog treats. Inspired by an entrepreneurial spirit and a desire to create healthy dog treats with high quality ingredients, Amy set to work making her first recipe back in 2001. It was a simple peanut butter cookie homemade with natural ingredients, and she gave away the first batch as Christmas treats. The cookies were such a hit that Amy decided to go a step further. She started selling them at markets, festivals, fairs, and some local shops. The overwhelming response and increasing demand eventually inspired her to quit her longstanding career as a microbiologist and establish The Lazy Dog Cookie Co.® The business expanded quickly, and in 2007, Amy’s husband, Keith, also left his career and joined the venture.

Since their humble beginnings with Amy making one recipe in her home kitchen, The Lazy Dog Cookie Co. has grown into a pet treat company with an industrial bakery, a variety of treats, and 16 employees. They’ve even been featured on NBC, Fox News, CBS, and USA Today. But one thing that hasn’t changed — and never will — is their commitment to quality. The team continues creating dog treats that are tasty, healthy, and trusted by pet parents. Containing natural, beneficial, antioxidant-rich ingredients that promote good health, every recipe is free of wheat, corn, and soy. Each treat is oven-baked with love and contains no fillers, preservatives, or artificial ingredients.

The Lazy Dog Cookie Co. brings fun, love, and joy — and good nutrition — to the lives of dogs and dog parents. Whether

you're celebrating a birthday, “gotcha” day, holiday, or just want to spoil your pup, there’s something for every dog and every occasion in their line of soft treats, crunchy cookies, specially curated holiday treats, and DIY mixes. These are dog treats you can feel good about on many levels. Not only are they healthy and nourishing, but the company also gives back. They support animal rescue operations like The Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation and donate treats to countless animal organizations and shelters each year. There’s more innovation and celebration to come. The Lazy Dog Cookie Co. has plans to craft more new wholesome treats to satisfy our furry friends and contribute to their health and happiness. https://lazydogcookies.com www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

ADVERTORIAL

THE ONLY CAT FOUNTAIN YOU NEVER NEED TO CLEAN! Cats love drinking fresh, clean, running water. Recirculating cat fountains were supposed to be the solution, but they never delivered — too many cats don’t like drinking from them, and all cat parents hate cleaning them. Finally, there's a cat fountain that provides your kitty with clean, cool, fresh water whenever they want it — and you never need to clean it!

Cats are notoriously finicky about their water, and need encouragement to drink enough. That’s why cat fountains are so popular: they’re supposed to provide cats with running water and make hydration more enjoyable. But there are problems with traditional fountains, and that’s why there are still a lot of kitties out there who would rather drink from your cup or the toilet! The two main issues with traditional fountains are the necessity for regular cleaning, and the freshness of the water. Let’s find out how you can provide your cat with fresh water they’ll love to drink, without you ever having to clean a fountain again!

TOP THINGS CATS WANT FROM THEIR WATER Not only do cats have a low thirst drive, but they're also very particular about the water they drink. As any cat parent

Animal Wellness

can attest, kitties love running water. It’s fresher, cleaner, and smells better than stagnant water that might contain pathogens. Cats also prefer cool to warm water, which is another reason they prefer running water from the tap to water in a bowl. They also like running water because it’s fun to play with, and they're instinctively attracted to the sound it makes.

CAT PARENTS JUMPED ON THE RECIRCULATING FOUNTAIN BANDWAGON When recirculating fountains debuted as a solution, cat parents jumped on board. Their cats weren’t drinking enough water, and the fountains promised to change that. After all, fountains provide clean, cool, fresh, inviting water. Or do they? If cats could talk, they’d say the

water in their fountains isn’t as great as we think it is. In fact, it’s nowhere near as clean and fresh as they’d like.

RECIRCULATING CAT FOUNTAINS HAVE A BIOFILM PROBLEM Traditional cat fountains recirculate water. Even though the water’s moving, there’s still an opportunity for bacteria to grow. When your cat drinks from the fountain, food, saliva, and bacteria get into the water. Given time, this bacteria can grow into a community called biofilm. That’s the slimy film you find on water bowls and fountains, as well as shower tiles and pond rocks. Biofilm can also contain other pathogens that wreak havoc on your cat’s health. When your cat drinks biofilm, it can cause: • UTIs • Periodontal disease • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Chin acne This is why it’s so important to clean recirculating cat fountains regularly.

TRADITIONAL CAT FOUNTAINS CAN CONTAMINATE FRESH WATER (EVEN WHEN YOU CLEAN THEM) The problem with cleaning fountains is that most cat parents don’t learn how to do it properly. You have to be very thorough, and that means disassembling the entire fountain — including the pump assembly — and disinfecting all the components with tweezers and cotton swabs.

FINALLY — A CAT FOUNTAIN THAT GIVES YOUR CAT FRESH WATER WITHOUT THE CLEANING! The AquaPurr cat fountain is the real deal. It gives cats exactly what they want: running water that’s actually clean, fresh, and cool. And it’s far superior to traditional cat fountains. The brains behind AquaPurr would know — their fountain was invented by a cat parent who spent years struggling with the cleaning and slime problems of recirculating fountains! AquaPurr does away with the need to recirculate water. The cat-activated device hooks up to just about any faucet and provides your cat with fresh, clean, cool water from the tap, on demand. The excess water falls into the sink and drains away. And because the water doesn’t recirculate, you never need to clean the fountain! Say goodbye to slime, chunks of food in the basin, expensive filters, and disassembling the fountain every few days to clean it out. AquaPurr’s promise to you is this: your cat gets fresh, clean water whenever they want, and you never have to clean a cat fountain again! Visit aquapurr.com to learn more.

ning a e l c No ered g g i r t Cat or y r e t t Ba d corde

Otherwise, the bacteria that get into the internal parts automatically contaminate fresh water as soon as it circulates through the pump. Once that happens, the promise of fresh, clean water goes out the window, and your cat’s left meowing at you for running water every time you turn on a tap. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

Natural ways

to protect your dog or cat from fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes

D gs Cats

BY JENNIFER HINDERS

The weather’s getting warmer, and that means more fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes! Here are some natural, non-toxic ways to protect your dog or cat from these pests and the diseases they carry.

Fleas, ticks, and mosquitos are a huge headache for dog and cat parents. Not only can their bites cause a lot of itching and discomfort, but these pests can also spread diseases such as West Nile Virus and Lyme. Many of the preventatives for protecting companion animals from fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes are made from toxic chemicals that can cause other health problems. Let’s look at some natural, non-toxic ways to protect your cat or dog without exposing her to harsh chemicals or pesticides.

Minimize exposure to pests

Begin with these simple routines to minimize your dog or cat's exposure to fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes: • R egularly groom your companion: this goes a long way when it comes to killing and preventing fleas and ticks. Go over your dog or cat with a fine-toothed flea comb to expose hidden culprits. If you find any fleas or ticks, eliminate them by throwing them in hot, soapy water. Be sure to detach ticks promptly and correctly by using a tick removal tool. You can also bathe your animal in natural flea and tick shampoos, or make one yourself using the recipe at right. • W ash her bedding regularly in hot, soapy water. When buying new bedding, make sure it can be machine-washed and dried for deep cleaning.

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• V acuum surfaces where your animal hangs out, such as sofas, chairs, or rugs. If your dog or cat already has fleas, you may need to vacuum daily.

o DIY dog shampo s k c for fleas and ti hot!) water 1 quart warm (not 1 cup vinegar o 1 cup baby shampo twice a d bathe your dog Mix ingredients an . hly ug ro to rinse tho month. Remember

bugs in the 2 Ban backyard Your yard can be a breeding ground for fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes. You can help deter these pests with some simple practices: • R egularly trim grass and bushes around your house. Keep leaves raked and debris removed. • E liminate free-standing water in pots, small pools, or bird baths. Dump and refill your bird bath daily.

• Use food-grade diatomaceous earth around bushes or near wooded areas. • A pply beneficial nematodes to gardens and grassy areas. These little worms eat fungi, microscopic creatures, and bacteria in sediment and soil — they also eat harmful parasites.

Make natural DIY repellents

You can easily mix up your own non-toxic pest repellents. These formulas use natural ingredients, so they won’t harm your animal. Vinegar repellent: Mix 2 cups of apple cider vinegar with 1 cup of water. Shake and spray your animal’s coat. Lavender essential oil: This is a natural pest preventative. Dilute a few drops of the oil in some water, and spray it on your animal’s coat and bedding to keep fleas away. Be sure to use only high quality, therapeutic grade oils — cheap oils are usually adulterated and made from inferior, potentially harmful ingredients. Chamomile tea: Make a pot of chamomile tea and allow it to steep. Then let it cool and add to a spray bottle. Spray around your animal’s bedding or on her coat. Chamomile is a natural repellent and has a soothing scent.

Feed your dog or cat a healthy diet

A high quality, whole foods diet helps boost your dog or cat’s immune system and overall health. This means he’ll be less likely to react badly or get sick if bitten by a flea, tick or mosquito. A healthy animal with good skin and coat condition is also less likely to attract pests in the first place. Here are some other foods you could add to his diet: • A pple cider vinegar: Pour a teaspoon into your dog's water to help repel pests. Note: this may not work with cats, as a change in their water’s flavor might deter them from drinking it. • Kefir: This is a fermented yogurt drink your dog or cat will love. It can help improve skin, coat, and gastrointestinal health. Avoid sweetened kefir and buy only organic products.

• B rewer’s yeast: This ingredient has high acidity, which makes it a great weapon against fleas and ticks. You can add it to your animal’s meals but be careful not to use too much as it can cause gas.

Consider pestrepelling supplements

Certain supplements can boost your dog or cat’s immune system and repel bugs. Before adding any supplement to his diet, however, it’s important to discuss it with a holistic or integrative veterinarian. • A recent study done at the Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse in France, found that cats fed a plant-based diet, including supplements such as rosemary, thyme, lemon balm, wormwood, fenugreek, and lemongrass extracts for flea control, had reduced flea populations. With continuous use, the cats didn't need any other pest control treatments. They also had no adverse reactions to the supplements. • Another supplements that repels pests is noni, a Hawaiian fruit rich in antioxidants. It relieves skin irritations as well as muscle pain. • Omega-3 fatty acids are also important. They have antiinflammatory properties, which can help with allergies, and aid in keeping the skin and coat healthy. Fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes will always be with us. But that doesn’t mean they have to make your dog or cat miserable or sick. The natural practices and repellents outlined in this article will help keep these pests at bay so your best friend can enjoy the spring weather in comfort!

Essential oils for repelling pests A variety of essential oils will repel pests, but as mentioned in the article, it’s imperative you use only the highest quality products for use on or around your animal companion. Essential oils that help prevent pests include cedar, lavender, rosemary, and peppermint. Citronella and lemon essential oils are also good repellents for fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes, but must be used with extra caution around animals — especially cats. Never use essential oils at full strength on your animal. Always dilute them with carrier oils such as jojoba, coconut or olive oil.

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ENERGY HEALING

Why Reiki is a good fit for cats BY INGRID KING

Cats are especially receptive to Reiki, an energetic healing modality that works well with other therapies to help enhance wellness and relaxation.

As any cat parent can tell you, our feline friends are subtle creatures that seem especially sensitive to energies of various kinds. This means energetic healing modalities such as Reiki are often especially effective for them. Reiki can bring relaxation, comfort, healing, and an increased sense of wellbeing to your cat. Let’s explore the benefits of Reiki and why it works so well for cats.

UNDERSTANDING REIKI Reiki (pronounced “ray-key”) originated in Japan. The term “Reiki” is a Japanese composite word usually translated as “universal life energy”. It is based on the idea that all living beings have a life force energy flowing through them. Many people are familiar with the Chinese term “chi” — “ki” is the same word in Japanese. When life energy is high, a cat (or any other animal or human) is healthy and balanced, more relaxed and less likely to get sick. When life energy is low, the cat will often be more easily affected by stress and is less resistant to illness. Reiki can help increase a cat’s life energy, and is a safe complement to conventional Western medicine, Chinese medicine, herbal therapies, homeopathy, and all other forms of healing.

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During a Reiki session, the practitioner transfers healing energy through his or her hands to the cat, using a light touch directly on the body, or by holding the hands above the body. Reiki can also be performed remotely.

CATS ARE NATURALLY RECEPTIVE TO REIKI Animals, especially cats, are naturally receptive to Reiki energy and tend to readily gravitate towards it. Some people even say cats invented Reiki! While that may be a bit farfetched, cats do seem to readily receive this type of energy because, unlike people, they don’t have the same mental processes going through their minds when faced with energy healing: “Does it really work? How can this possibly make a difference?” Cats just accept the healing energy and utilize it for their greatest good.

WHAT REIKI CAN DO FOR YOUR CAT • Enhances overall well-being • Strengthens the immune system • Provides pain relief • Supports the immune system while the cat is receiving other therapies, including cancer treatments; by strengthening the immune system, Reiki primes the body to better deal with this additional stress • Alleviates or prevents side effects of conventional medications and treatments • Accelerates healing following surgery or illness • Increases trust and bonding between cat and human • Helps with behavior issues by promoting relaxation and

Considerations for feline Reiki sessions Cats generally prefer a hands-off approach to Reiki, especially if they don't know the practitioner. This makes them ideal candidates for remote Reiki, also known as distance healing. This energetic process can best be explained through the principles of quantum physics, and has been proven to be extremely effective, sometimes even more effective than hands-on healing. Reiki sessions for cats typically last 15 to 30 minutes. Ultimately, the cat decides how much energy he wants to accept. The frequency of sessions depends entirely on the individual cat’s health status and needs. Some issues can be resolved in two or three sessions, while others may take ongoing sessions on a recurring basis.

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stress reduction and making the cat more receptive to behavior modification • Provides comfort and relieves pain, anxiety and fear for terminally ill animals. Reiki is a wonderful way to facilitate the transition for both cat and human. Often, cats will not allow themselves to transition because they intuitively feel their people are not ready to let them go. Joint Reiki treatments for cat and human can help both through this difficult time and allow for a gentle and peaceful transition.

HOW TO FIND A REIKI PRACTITIONER FOR YOUR CAT

Real life examples of Reiki’s healing power The power of Reiki never ceases to surprise and delight me. Over my years of working with Reiki and cats, I’ve had some wonderful and sometimes miraculous experiences.

Although there is currently no licensing body for Reiki practitioners, this modality is becoming increasingly mainstream. Some major (human) cancer centers offer Reiki on a regular basis now. Although not all Reiki practitioners work with animals, many do. Some holistic veterinarians may offer Reiki, or will be able to refer you to someone who does. Look for a practitioner who has documented experience working with cats.

My back was turned to the rest of the room, so I was unaware of what was going on behind me. When I finished the session, I turned to see about six cats stretched out in various states of relaxation, blissfully zonked out from the residual Reiki energy. One cat slowly came up to me and rubbed his head against my hand. The woman fostering the cats told me he was a feral that had just been taken in, and that she hadn’t yet been able to touch him.

You can also learn to do Reiki yourself, but it’s important to take a course from an experienced Reiki Master; he or she will perform certain attunements so you will be able to channel the life force energy through your hands. However you offer Reiki to your cat, it’s worth adding this energetic healing modality to his healthcare regimen. It works well in conjunction with other therapies and treatments, and can also be used to help keep a healthy kitty relaxed, balanced and well.

Blackie was a foster cat with urinary tract issues. He was also having a hard time settling into living indoors after being an outside stray for most of his life. When I arrived at Blackie’s home, there were at least a dozen other cats in the house, several of them young kittens who were racing around the room. I tuned everything else out and focused on Blackie, sending energy to him alone. He readily accepted it.

Belle was an 11-year-old tortoiseshell cat I saw every two weeks for Reiki sessions. She’d had frequent asthma attacks prior to starting Reiki, but after a few sessions, her asthma was under control with only a very small dose of medication. Belle always knew when it was time for her Reiki session. She would get into position in her special chair, and soak up the energy for half an hour, either purring or sleeping.

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REWIND

Top dog sports — and how

Dog sports aren’t by just a way Gillian Ridgeway to add exercise to your best friend’s life. They’re also mentally stimulating, lots of fun, and great for bonding. What’s not to love?

Dog sports are among the fastest growing obsessions among dog lovers. Not only are they a lot of fun and a great opportunity for you and your dog to get fit and connect with each other on a new level, but they’re also an enjoyable way to meet other like-minded dog people. There’s no time like the present to explore your options and get involved in a sport you and your best friend can enjoy together.

GETTING STARTED The first step is to understand your dog and find a sport that might be most suitable for his breed or mix of breeds. Canine sports range from those that require specialized training to activities your dog can do naturally. Research your breed, find what they naturally do “for a living”, and keep that in mind when picking a sport.

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to get your canine involved! If you have a herding breed such as a border collie or Australian shepherd, for example, herding might be something to explore, although it doesn’t mean herding is the only thing you should look at. Key competitors in many agility trials and flyball tournaments are also border collies, most of whom have never met any sheep. As long as your dog is physically able to do the activities required in a particular sport, there is no reason not to give it a go. Even toy breeds can get involved and are often seen scaling A-frames on agility courses.

Hint: Before

beginning any canine sport, have your vet give your dog a complete physical check-up.

CONSIDER YOUR DOG’S PERSONALITY You’ll also need to look at your dog’s personality. Some dogs are more difficult to motivate, but do well when given a chance. I have seen many dogs start slow in agility, but although they take longer than others to get the hang of it, they all seem to benefit in the long run. In fact, it’s often suggested that under-confident dogs get into a sport like agility to help them realize their own potential. Of course, there are dogs at the other end of the scale, those over-the-top canines who love to feel the wind beneath them as they make their way around the obstacle course or leap to catch flying balls or discs. These dogs need to do sports. By getting them involved in an activity where they can exercise their bodies and mental abilities, their human families are able to channel that excess energy into something positive.

Not the

competitive type? Some sports and activities restrict the breeds that can compete, although there are associations for most sports that allow mixed breeds, which is a real breakthrough and will encourage more people to get involved. Even if you’re not the competitive sort, you can still train your dog to do a sporting activity for the simple joy of it.

PICKING AN ACTIVITY Once you’ve determined what your dog is capable of, you can decide which activity to focus on. This means picking something you like as well, since the sport should be enjoyable for both of you.

Hint: It’s a good idea to attend a variety of different sporting events as a spectator first, to get a feel for what’s involved. •

•

Obedience: Many years ago, competitive obedience was one of the only sports you could do with your dog. This is an obedience trial where you are tested on a set of rules. Many people buckle under the stress while being tested, and that in turn can trickle down and affect the relationship they have with their dogs. I would encourage you to do some type of obedience work, but perhaps rally obedience is a good first goal. In rally, unlike competitive obedience, you can use your voice to encourage your dog, and there are allowances made for beginners with regards to precision. Even food can be used as a reward during the trial. Rally obedience allows people to work towards a goal, have fun while they do it, and still get a title in obedience. Once you have mastered rally, it might then be time to take a whirl at competitive obedience.

Check out these

resources The following associations provide a wealth of information and resources for a variety of canine sports. American Kennel Club www.akc.org Canadian Kennel Club www.ckc.ca United States Dog Agility Association www.usdaa.com Agility Association of Canada www.aac.ca North American Flyball Association www.flyball.org Skyhoundz www.skyhoundz.com Canadian Association of Rally Obedience www.canadianrallyo.ca

Agility: This is one of the most popular canine sports. In agility, you direct your dog around a course of jumps, ramps, tunnels and other obstacles. Your dog’s performance is evaluated by how quickly and accurately he gets through the course. Agility requires considerable training, since you aren’t allowed to touch the dog or the obstacles during the run, but must rely on verbal commands and body signals to guide him. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

•

Flyball: This sport is like a relay race with a team of dogs. The dogs take turns clearing a series of hurdles in order to retrieve a ball that has been shot from a spring-loaded box. The first team to have all dogs run without any errors wins the heat.

•

Disc dog: As the name suggests, this sport involves throwing Frisbee-like discs to the dog. Seasoned disc dog athletes take part in distance catching and choreographed freestyle events involving flips, vaults and multiple catches.

IN TRAINING Once you’ve decided on an activity, check the entry requirements. Then, find a trainer who can take you through the steps or refer you to a club or association where you can get more information (see sidebar on previous page). Make sure your instructor is qualified. There isn’t a piece of paper that will give qualifications, but someone who competes in the sport is a good choice. He/she will also be an excellent source of information about new training methods and upcoming trials. You want your instructor to be “in the loop”.

Hint: Patience is never more needed

than when training for a canine sport. Imagine if you were being taught how to golf by someone who didn’t speak English and got annoyed the moment you didn’t understand his direction.

Although we can all get frustrated when showing our dogs a new skill, the goal should always be to teach in a positive manner and not sweat the small stuff, especially when learning together. Always remember that you can change to another sport if need be. If you start in flyball, but your dog is having trouble dropping the ball, maybe it’s time to look at teaching him agility or disc dog instead. Spend plenty of time teaching your dog. That sounds simple, but it’s often overlooked. Enjoy the process and try not to always look towards your end goal. Use toys and treats to show your dog what you want him to do, and provide lots of praise and enthusiasm for motivation. Once you have done your training and feel that you and your dog have a good handle on what to expect, then you can take a shot at a match or even a trial. You will first of all need to register your dog with the association you are competing in. Last but far from least, always keep in mind that the sport should be fun, both for you and your dog. Try to focus on striving for your personal best rather than winning the competition. It’s not important that your dog score 200 points or get clean runs all the time. What is important is that you love your dog and have fun together!

Even more dog sports!

Additional canine sports have become popular in recent years, and include the following: • N ose work makes use of the dog’s exceptional sense of smell to locate hidden items and alert his handler to its precise location. It’s an easy activity to do at home — just hide some tasty treats around the house, inside boxes, etc., and let your dog sniff them out. You can also enroll your dog in nose work classes, and even compete in events. Learn more by visiting the National Association of Canine Scent Work website at www.nacsw.net. • D ock diving is a great sport for the warm summer months, and is especially ideal for breeds that love being in the water. Dogs are encouraged to run the length of a dock and leap out as far as they can into a pool or other body of water to compete for height or distance. North America Diving Dogs is just one resource for this fun sport (www.northamericadivingdogs.com).

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The Future of Animal Pain Relief ADVERTORIAL

Laser therapy now available for use at home. Just like us, dogs and cats often experience pain and discomfort, whether from arthritis, injuries, or simply the stress of everyday wear and tear. Many veterinary clinics now provide relief for these issues through Low-Level Laser Therapy treatments, but these sessions can get expensive. Besides, many animals don’t love all the extra vet visits. (Insert your anxious dog’s name here!) Fortunately, there’s another option. Dog Med Laser has introduced an at-home, low-level laser therapy tool that is safe, effective, and affordable. This vetapproved device is so easy to use and offers an abundance of healing benefits. IDEAL FOR... Older dogs, agility dogs, working dogs, dogs recovering from surgery or injury, and more.

THE LOWDOWN ON LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), also known as Photobiomodulation, uses nonthermal laser diodes to engage with body tissues. At its simplest, it acts as a gentle guide for the body, teaching: • cells to multiply faster • nerves to dampen pain signals • blood flow to increase, thus helping in the reduction of swelling. All of which works to offer the following benefits for your animal: • pain relief • joint inflammation reduction • help with arthritis, hip dysplasia, and orthopedic disorders •

wound healing.

THE DOG MED LASER DIFFERENCE Unlike many medical interventions that offer temporary relief, you can use Dog Med’s at-home laser therapy every day, if necessary — without the stress or inconvenience of a vet visit. While Dog Med Laser does not replace the need for professional veterinary advice and treatments, it does complement these essential services, allowing you to actively participate in your dog or cat's healing and well-being. Embrace the future of animal pain management — and give your dog or cat the gift of ongoing relief — with this practical, user-friendly, vetendorsed solution to pain. Learn more today at www.dogmedlaser.com

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KITTY LIFESTYLE

Cats & Songbirds by Nadia Ali

Each year, millions of songbirds are killed by roaming cats. Here’s how to keep your kitty from adding to the statistics.

Cats are hardwired to hunt. Just move a laser light across the floor and watch your kitty skillfully stalk, pounce and jump on it. Outdoor cats do the same, except their quarry includes rodents, insects, and birds. Unfortunately, cats don’t differentiate between those pesky mice nesting under your deck, and the songbirds visiting your garden. And that’s a problem, because many species of songbird are already in serious decline, thanks to habitat loss, pesticide use, and other factors. In this article, we’ll look at how you can protect local songbirds from your kitty’s natural need to hunt.

Why do cats chase birds? You may wonder why your cat insists on chasing and catching wild songbirds when she’s already well-fed at home. But hunger isn’t the only motivation for hunting. Some experts say cats hunt because they are bored, while others say they do it for stimulation. While these factors may certainly play a part, the

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bottom line is that cats are predators, and the hunting instinct is simply part of their DNA. Their wild ancestors had to hunt for their food, and this basic need is still a part of our household cats’ makeup, even when they already get plenty to eat.

Why worry when your cat hunts songbirds? Many people think the odd dead songbird is harmless. But statistics show that even one kitty, if allowed free rein outdoors, contributes to what amounts to a devastating loss of bird life. According to the American Bird Conservancy, over a billion birds are caught by cats each year in the US alone, even though a 2021 study by the Nottingham Trent University found that 63% of domestic cats in the country are kept entirely indoors.

How do we fix the problem? Cats killing songbirds isn’t just a North American problem. Australia and Iceland, for example, are also faced with a similar depletion in their bird species. Certain territories in Australia, and some Icelandic towns, have chosen to tackle the issue by introducing a cat curfew that varies between the hours of 8 pm to 7 am, during which no A study done by the University of Georgia, in domestic cat is allowed outdoors.

Cats hunt more than songbirds

conjunction with the National Geographic Society's

While this solution is unlikely to be adopted here, there are lots of other ways to prevent your cat from hunting and killing songbirds:

Crittercam Program, was designed to find out what cats really hunt when outdoors. The researchers strapped crittercams onto several domestic cats, then let them out. The subsequent footage showed that the cats killed a wide range of wildlife,

including chipmunks, frogs, lizards, T he most obvious is to keep voles, small snakes — and, of your cat indoors, as advocated course, birds. by the ASPCA and other animal welfare organizations. Not only does this prevent your cat from killing songbirds and other wildlife, but it also keeps her safe from dangers such as road accidents, larger predators, and infectious diseases.

I f you’re among those cat parents who want to give their kitties the freedom to go outside, while also finding a way to protect songbirds, there are several methods to consider.

A cat’s personality can affect his hunting behavior Feline hunting behaviors may depend on the personality of the individual cat, according to a recent study conducted at the Université Paris-Saclay in France. My own experience backs this up. I had a cat named Tigger who wasn’t overly excited by the presence of birds. He would just sit curled up by the window, chattering to the birds on the lawn outside. But my other cat, Cici, would often drop a live bird on the living room carpet, and then proceed to leap in the air and clutch at the curtains in an attempt to catch it as it frantically tried to escape. Both cats had very different personalities when it came to hunting.

ome suggest putting bell collars on cats to scare away S birds, although others caution the bell may not be loud enough to be effective, and may also pose a risk to the cat because the sound can alert larger predators to her location. However, a study carried out in the UK demonstrated that a bell collar reduces a cat’s hunting success by 40%, without posing any danger to the cat. The study further showed that an electronic sonic device on a cat’s collar decreased hunting success by up to 50%. If you decide to go this route, be sure to get a breakaway collar in case your cat gets caught on something during her travels. Keep in mind, however, that some cats learn how to suppress the sound of their bells when they’re stalking prey! One interesting possible solution was devised by Ken Otter, a biologist at the University of Northern British Columbia. In an initial study involving 14 cats, he used high-visibility rainbow-colored collars that resembled ruffs. The vivid colors caught the four color-sensing receptors in birds’ eyes, alerting them to impending danger and prompting them to fly away unharmed. You might try making a ruff collar from rainbowcolored fabric, but again, be sure it will come apart easily if your cat gets it snagged on something. nother alternative is to train your cat to go outside on a A leash and harness. This is best done when the cat is still a kitten — adult cats don’t usually adapt well to wearing a harness. Make sure the harness fits well, so she can’t wriggle out of it. It’s also imperative that you go outside with your cat and supervise her while she’s on the leash. Never tether her in the yard alone, as she could get tangled up in the lead, attacked by another animal — or catch a songbird that alights within her reach. The American Veterinary Medical Association believes the best solution is to compromise by investing in a cat enclosure or catio. These popular options allow cats to enjoy the outdoors while staying safe, contained, and separated from the songbirds flitting around your yard. They can range from a simple window enclosure to a spacious wonderland featuring various levels, foliage, and walkways. You might not be able to do much about the bigger issues impacting songbird populations, but preventing your cat from hunting and killing the birds in your own yard is one important way to help our feathered friends.

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ANIMAL HERO

Photos courtesy of Project Street Vet

Veterinarian who helps the homeless is CNN's Hero of the Year Homelessness is a serious and growing problem across the U.S. Many people who find themselves on the street for one reason or another also have dogs, cats, and other companion animals, which makes a tragic situation even more heartbreaking. But one California veterinarian is making a difference by providing free veterinary care to the animals of the homeless through his nonprofit organization, Project Street Vet. In December 2023, Dr. Kwane Stewart was named CNN’s Hero of the Year, an annual award given to individuals whose work has a significant impact both on their communities and further afield.

Dr. Kwane was chosen from ten finalists for last year’s award, thanks to his tireless efforts to help homeless people care for their precious companions. An animal lover all his life, he received his veterinary degree from Colorado State University and has been practicing for over 20 years. During a five-year tenure as a shelter vet in a depressed area of California, Dr. Kwane’s eyes were opened to the struggles of the homeless, and how hard it is for them to afford healthcare for their animals. For the past ten years, he has been traveling city streets in his state, volunteering his time and providing no-charge healthcare to the animals of those experiencing homelessness.

“During my time volunteering, I’ve experienced some of the most genuine stories of love, compassion, struggle, and hope, and learned a lot along the way,” Dr. Kwane states on the Project Street Vet website (projectstreetvet.org).

“ This work has been lifechanging and truly inspiring….”

Wanting to do even more to help, Dr. Kwane founded Project Street Vet in 2020. With teams in cities across the US, from Los Angelos and San Diego to Atlanta, Georgia and Orlando, Florida, the non-profit offers support to animals of the homeless by providing veterinary exams, medications, free clinics, financial assistance, and even life-saving surgeries, enabling people who are already down on their luck to keep their beloved animal companions. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

ADVERTORIAL

WHY ASHWAGANDHA MAY BE THE SOLUTION TO BETTER HEALTH

FOR YOUR DOG OR CAT If you’ve visited the supplement section of a health food store or pharmacy recently, you’ve most likely come across Ashwagandha. This adaptogenic herb, which Ayurvedic doctors in India have used for more than 4,000 years, is seeing huge growth in North America. This is due in part to the numerous scientific studies that back up Ashwaganda’s efficacy and safety. Fortunately, this herb is also animal-friendly, so our dogs and cats can enjoy the health benefits too!

WHAT EXACTLY IS ASHWAGANDHA? Ashwagandha is a potent adaptogenic herb, derived from the roots of the Withania somnifera plant. It is celebrated for its stress-busting prowess and holistic health benefits.

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In particular, Ashwagandha is renowned for its ability to adapt its therapeutic actions to the body's unique needs, a property that has resulted in its association with a wide range of health benefits, including anxiety management, immune system support, anti-inflammatory effects, and potential contributions to joint health. These benefits make Ashwagandha a natural health-boosting powerhouse — and a versatile supplement for overall animal (and animal parent!) well-being.

THE LOWDOWN ON ADAPTOGENIC HERBS Adaptogenic herbs are unique because they exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt their functions according to the body's specific health needs. In doing so, they are able to provide targeted support to restore balance and well-being. Ashwagandha, in particular, has gained prominence for its role as a natural adaptogen, serving as a versatile ally in the pursuit of holistic health for both humans and their four-legged best friends.

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12 REASONS YOUR DOG OR CAT MAY

BENEFIT FROM KSM-66 ASHWAGANDHA 1. Stress reduction and anxiety relief: Known for its potential to help promote a sense of calm and balance, Ashwagandha offers support by influencing neurotransmitters, thereby helping alleviate anxious behaviors. 2. Better joint health: Ashwagandha’s anti-inflammatory effects could benefit dogs and cats with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and joint issues. 3. Immune system support: Ashwagandha may have immunomodulatory effects, with the potential to bolster your dog or cat’s immune system. 4. Improved cognitive function: Some studies suggest Ashwagandha may have neuroprotective effects, possibly supporting cognitive function in aging animals. 5. Energy boost: Ashwagandha is believed to boost vitality and energy levels, making it beneficial for

lethargic or aging animals, as well as working and agility dogs. 6. Thyroid regulation: This antioxidantpacked herb may have a positive impact on thyroid function, which is crucial for metabolic health in animals. 7. B lood sugar balance: Ashwagandha's potential to regulate blood sugar levels could be beneficial for dogs and cats with diabetes, or those at risk.

11. Digestive support: Ashwagandha may have mild digestive benefits, potentially aiding in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal issues in dogs and cats. 12. Overall well-being: With its antioxidant content, ashwagandha contributes to overall well-being by combating oxidative stress and supporting your animal companion’s health at a cellular level.

8. Cardiovascular health: Ashwagandha is thought to promote heart health through its cardio-protective effects. 9. A nti-cancer properties: Some studies suggest Ashwagandha may have anti-cancer properties, although more research is required to establish its efficacy in animals. 10. A nti-aging effects: The antioxidant content of Ashwagandha may contribute to anti-aging effects by reducing cellular damage.

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SKIN HEALTH

D gs Cats

Can your dog or cat get ringworm? BY NANCY SCANLAN, DVM, CVA

This fungal skin disease is usually associated with humans, but it can affect dogs and cats too. Though unsightly, it can be treated with conventional medication and/or alternative remedies.

Ringworm is a skin disease that has been around for over 5,000 years in humans. But it also occurs in a number of animals, including dogs and cats. This article digs under the surface of this condition to reveal its causes, signs and symptoms, and how it can be treated, both conventionally and holistically.

WHY IS THE CONDITION CALLED “RINGWORM”? Despite its name, ringworm is actually a fungus. It also occurs only on the skin, and not in the GI tract like most real worms. There are about 40 types of fungus that can cause ringworm in various species, all belonging to a group called the “dermatophytes”. A more scientific name for ringworm is dermatophytosis, but you don’t hear that term often. In humans, fungal infections of the skin are also called “tinea”, followed by a name indicating where the infection is (e.g. Tinea corporis for ringworm on the body). Ringworm looks much the same no matter which fungus is causing it. In fact, this is where the name came from, because in humans, the fungus forms a red ring on the skin with some flakiness inside. Dogs usually have one or more round, crusty areas, while in cats the area is flaky, and can be either round or more irregular in shape. In animal, however, it’s less common to see a ring around the patches.

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WHICH ANIMALS ARE MOST COMMONLY AFFECTED? Ringworm is most commonly seen in young dogs and cats; in stressed or sick animals living in crowded conditions (especially animal shelters); and in animals suffering from an immune deficiency. There is no good way to tell when a kitten or puppy is developing ringworm before it shows up as one or more spots on the skin. So an apparently healthy young animal can develop ringworm soon after being brought home from the shelter.

How is ringworm diagnosed? All types are of ringworm are diagnosed the same way. About 50% of cases will fluoresce green under ultraviolet light from a Wood’s lamp. If there is no fluorescence, hairs can be plucked from the area and checked through a microscope for the fungus itself, although it is not always easy to find infected hairs. Another way to check for ringworm is to scrape off flakes or parts of the crust and culture them to see if one of the fungi grows. It can take up to two weeks for growth to occur. Some labs can also do a faster PCR test to test for ringworm DNA, if crusts or flakes are sent to them for analysis.

HOW DOES RINGWORM SPREAD? Ringworm is spread by direct contact with animals or humans who have ringworm, and by contact with ringworm spores from infected hair and dandruff, or anything that comes in contact with those materials (e.g. collars, brushes, clothes, rugs, couches, dirt, dust, etc.). The spores are infectious for a year or longer. Both dogs and cats, especially longhaired cats, can also be ringworm carriers, which means they don’t show any signs of skin problems but are harboring the fungus on their hair.

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR RINGWORM? Treatment for ringworm is the same no matter which fungus is causing it. Healthy animals can often get rid of an infection in about three weeks without treatment, but they will be shedding infectious material throughout that time. So to prevent the spread of ringworm to people and other animals in the household, it is best to treat the problem as soon as a diagnosis of ringworm is made. As long as the animal is basically healthy, natural treatments applied to the ringworm spots can work well. If the dog or cat’s immune system is not working well, you may need to use both conventional and natural treatments. Keep in mind that suspected ringworm carriers should also be treated, to help prevent spread of the disease.

Which fungi cause ringworm? In dogs, and cats, ringworm is usually caused by a fungus called Microsporum canis. “Canis” means “dog”, but about 98% of cases in cats are caused by M. canis compared to 70% of cases in dogs. The second most common cause of ringworm in dogs is Microsporum gypseum, while about 10% of cases in dogs arise from Trichophyton mentagrophytes. T. mentagrophytes is also the second-most common cause of ringworm in humans, and can cause the disease in cats as well.

• Other remedies such as crushed garlic, turmeric, or essential oils, mixed with coconut oil or olive oil, can work as topical applications, but they are messy and can stain furniture and rugs. The treated area usually has to be bandaged.

CONVENTIONAL TREATMENTS OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

Conventional treatment can include oral medication, ointment, and medicated selenium-based shampoo. ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS

• Vinegar has been used for thousands of years for ringworm, and its effectiveness has been verified by current research. Paint the hairless areas three times a day. You can use a cotton ball or cotton-tipped applicator to apply it. • One drop of grapefruit seed extract (not grapeseed extract) in one tablespoonful of water can also be used, applied twice a day. • Aloe vera applied to the spot one to three times a day may work, although not as consistently.

• When treating a dog or cat infected with ringworm, it’s also important to thoroughly vacuum carpets and furniture, and wash bedding and clothing. • Always wear gloves when treating ringworm on your animal, so you do not expose yourself. • If the spots have a lot of crustiness or thick flakes, gently scrub as you apply the treatment. • You must keep treating ringworm until normal hair starts growing back. This can take up to three weeks or more. If you suspect your dog or cat may have ringworm, take him to the vet for a diagnosis before it spreads to the rest of your human and animal family. Properly treated, it should clear up within a month.

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SKIN DEEP

WHAT ARE THOSE

BLACK SPOTS ON MY DOG’S SKIN? by Melody Tavitian-Parra

Skin problems are common in dogs, and include everything from allergies to yeast infections. But what does it mean when your dog develops flat black spots or stains on his skin? This is also a common issue, and can have a variety of causes ranging from benign to serious. Read on to find out what these black patches might mean, and what you can do about them.

SKIN INFECTIONS As always, a good first step is to take your dog to the vet, especially if the black spots appeared recently, look irritated, and/or are bothering him. DID YOU KNOW? Skin discoloration, including dark patches, can occur in the case of fungal or bacterial skin infections.

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Many dogs develop black spots or dark patches on their skin. While some of these blemishes are harmless, others signal the presence of a more serious problem. A yeast infection in its early stages may have a slight smell, and show minimal hair loss or skin crusting as well as discoloration. In severe cases, the smell will be foul and dog might lick and scratch at the area, or even cry out from the discomfort. According to veterinarian Dr. Joycelyn Quan, a skin cytology test is a simple and cost-efficient way to diagnose a dog’s skin changes at the surface level. During a cytology test, the vet will press a tape strip firmly against your dog’s skin while rubbing back and forth to take a sample of the affected area. One of the great advantages of testing skin this way is that it’s painless and non-invasive. If the veterinary clinic has an in-house lab, the vet can look at the sample under a microscope and be able to tell you right away whether the problem is being caused by overgrown yeast, or a different type of fungus or bacteria on your dog’s skin. Skin infections like this can sometimes cause discoloration.

EALTH TIP H Make sure to dry your dog properly after a bath, particularly in areas that fold or crease, such as the ears, armpits, or any hanging/extra skin around the face or body.

because yeast requires moisture to grow, so more licking means more yeast, which leads to darker, thicker, hardened skin. Preventing any licking is essential as the skin heals. •

Several natural at-home remedies are effective at combating early stage yeast or microbial infections. Coconut oil, apple cider vinegar, and kefir help kill yeast and certain bacteria, and can be added to your dog’s diet and/or applied topically to the affected area. Diluted oregano oil may also be applied to the spots. Never put any liquids in your dog’s eyes or ears unless your vet instructs you to do so via drop administration.

•

If you have to give your dog antibiotics, Dr. Quan strongly recommends also giving her probiotics, since antibiotics are known to destroy both good and bad bacteria. Honey, plain chicken or turkey broth, as well as plain yogurt or goat’s milk are also helpful for maintaining balance in your dog’s gut during antibiotic use.

If the cytology report shows a different type of fungus, for example, your vet will determine whether it’s a localized infection only present on the skin (fungal dermatitis), or order more extensive testing to rule out systemic fungal infections that can affect your dog’s organs or internal systems. Whatever it reveals, a cytology report is a great tool for diagnosing skin problems and deciding on the best course of action.

HOW ARE SKIN INFECTIONS TREATED? •

•

Depending on the severity of the infection, it may require topical treatment with a medicated shampoo, ointment, cream, or wipes, as prescribed by your vet. Dr. Quan advises that if you need to use medicated shampoo, end the bath with a final coat of shampoo containing natural moisturizers such as coconut, oatmeal or vitamin E before rinsing her off. This final step is important because medicated shampoo is very drying; a hydrating shampoo helps remoisturize the skin at the end of the medicinal bath. An overgrowth of yeast or a bacterial infection may also be treated internally with antibiotics. In the case of a yeast infection, your vet may suggest a cone for your dog, since continuous licking of the affected area only worsens the condition. This is

ALLERGIES While certain breeds are predisposed to skin conditions, dark or black spots can also indicate your dog’s immune system is not functioning at its best because of allergies. Black spots can be caused by allergies incited by seasonal changes or environmental factors such as pollen, dust, grass, or excessive heat/moisture. DID YOU KNOW? Black stains on the skin can also result from allergies caused by flea, mosquito or tick bites, as well as food allergens like grain, corn or soy.

HYPERPIGMENTATION Another cause of darkened skin is hyperpigmentation. There are two types:

1. Primary hyperpigmentation is often seen in younger dogs and is due to genetic factors.

2. Secondary hyperpigmentation manifests as an effect of

HOW ARE ALLERGIES TREATED? Again, it’s important to see the vet to get to the root of what’s causing your dog’s allergies – whether it’s insect bites, pollen, or some type of food. •

In many cases, changes to your dog’s diet (including treats), as well as his grooming and hygiene routine, may be all that’s needed to help calm his skin.

•

Supplements such as Omega-3 fatty acids, brewer’s yeast, bee propolis or colostrum are great immune boosters during allergy season and can help improve your dog’s skin health.

•

Naturally repelling fleas, ticks and mosquitoes helps prevent insect bite allergies and the darkening skin that can go with it. Wipes containing quality essential oils that bugs hate can be applied to your dog’s coat before you take him out. DID YOU KNOW? Wipes made with aloe, oatmeal, or lavender are also great for soothing irritated areas.

an underlying problem such as allergies and skin infections (as discussed above), but can also occur due to dermatitis, hormonal imbalances, and immune systems deficiencies.

HOW IS HYPERPIGMENTATION TREATED? Though not likely curable, primary hyperpigmentation can often be managed with medication if inflammation is present. If the darkened skin areas are solely of cosmetic concern, medication may not be necessary. Secondary hyperpigmentation, meanwhile, is often curable and disappears once the root cause is identified and properly treated. Due to the wide range of conditions that can cause dark spots or black stains on your dog’s skin (see sidebar below for more), a visit to the vet is essential. By having your pup properly diagnosed and treated, he can say goodbye to any additional symptoms such as itchy skin, pain, discomfort or hair loss, and go back to living his best life, with healthy skin to match.

MORE SERIOUS CAUSES OF

BLACK SKIN SPOTS Occasionally, black stains and darkened skin patches can be caused by more serious health problems such as Cushing’s disease or lupus. However, the presence of these diseases is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as increased urination, a swollen belly/enlarged organs, lethargy, or excessive panting. Black spots can also be a sign of a type of skin cancer called malignant melanoma, especially if the area is irritated and doesn’t heal.

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2024

PROVED

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PICKS

What we love:

Healthy treats she’ll love

Single ingredient treats benefit animals with food allergies.

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They also have a banana and mint-flavored pet toothpaste dogs love.

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Make brushing his teeth safer! Left untreated, dental disease in dogs can lead to painful problems that require costly veterinary attention. Brushing your dog’s teeth is one of the best ways to help keep his teeth and gums healthy. PawReady makes the procedure easier and safer with the BiteBlock (designed to prevent accidental bites) and a selection of BrushMate pet toothbrushes. pawready.com

What we love:

As an activity tracker, it also records his daily step count and calculates the number of calories he burns each day.

Do you know where your dog is? If your dog roams out of sight, help ensure her safe return. The new Pawfit 3s is a smart, 100% waterproof GPS location and activity tracker that works by connecting to three or more satellites to calculate your dog’s location. Using 4G technology for wider coverage, it gives dog parents a more affordable and reliable choice in pet safety and care. pawfit.com

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WORKING DOGS

THe benefits of Emotional support dogs BY GERRY ELLEN AVERY

For those with anxiety, depression, and other emotional and mental health issues, an emotional support dog can be a lifesaver. Find out what these dogs do, and how they help their humans.

Dogs can be trained to assist humans in a wide variety of ways. From performing search and rescue tasks to helping those with disabilities live more independently, our canine companions play valuable roles in our lives. This article focuses on a particular type of working dog — the emotional support dog — and how these canines enhance and improve the lives of their human partners.

IS AN EMOTIONAL SUPPORT DOG THE SAME AS A SERVICE DOG? While they share some similarities, there are important distinctions between the two classifications. Emotional support dogs offer companionship and support to people with mental or emotional health issues, while service dogs are specially trained to perform services for individuals with some form of disability. Tasks a service dog might perform include: guiding their person along the street; pressing an elevator button; retrieving items the person is unable to access; reminding her to take her medication; or alerting others or standing guard if she experiences a seizure or other health crisis. Emotional support dogs, on the other hand, provide companionship aimed at alleviating mental/emotional distress, or providing some other type of relief. Although many animal species can provide emotional support to

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humans (including cats, horses, birds, and even reptiles), dogs are the most common and widely recognized. Researchers continue to explore the positive effects dogs have on people’s mental health by fostering emotional connectivity and helping people manage in moments of crisis.

THE BENEFITS OF AN EMOTIONAL SUPPORT DOG An emotional support dog provides enormous benefits to someone with mental and emotional health issues, lending a paw during the following situations: • T rauma – Dogs can provide comfort to people who are experiencing some type of loss or trauma. Helping out with any difficult situation is the emotional support dog’s mainstay. • A nxiety: By simply petting a dog, an anxious person finds their mood relaxing and their stress decreasing, to be replaced by a calming sensation.

How does an emotional support dog differ from a regular dog? It’s easy to understand how emotional support dogs help create feelings of positivity and stability in their human companions. But how is that really any different from what regular “pet” dogs do? The key is that an emotional support dog “gets” what’s going on with his human, and is in sync with her mental health. He’s strongly connected to her internal cues and understands the language of her heart.

• D epression: Being with an emotional support dog helps ease depression by increasing the production of oxytocin and serotonin and generating more positive feelings. • L oneliness: The bond a person shares with their emotional support dog can help them feel less alone, and better able to make social connections. • L ack of purpose or love: Caring for a dog helps provide a sense of purpose. Dogs also give their people unconditional love and companionship, and require love and companionship in return. This mutual give and take between human and dog can be very emotionally rewarding. Emotional support dogs can also improve physical health in their humans. Several studies have documented that these dogs can lower blood pressure, reduce respiration rates, and improve a person’s ability to cope with pain. Additionally, having a dog gives people a reason to keep exercising and stay fit — regular physical activity can help lighten feelings of anxiety or depression.

OBTAINING AN EMOTIONAL SUPPORT DOG Unlike service dogs, emotional support dogs don’t receive special training. This means if you are experiencing mental or emotional health issues, and already have a dog or are adopting one (see sidebar), you may be able to get him certified as an emotional support dog. To do so, you’ll need a “prescription” from a mental health professional such as a therapist or psychiatrist. This is basically just a signed letter stating you have a mental health condition and that your dog helps you deal with it accordingly. Having certification means your dog will be allowed to accompany you to

Adopting a dog for emotional support If you’re adopting a dog with a view to having her certified as an emotional support dog, it’s vital to ensure you get the right one for you. Take your time, and consider the dog’s age, size, personality, breed (or mix of breeds) to make sure she’s a good match for your needs and lifestyle. For example, a high-strung or easily-stressed dog might not be a good choice if you suffer from anxiety; you’d probably be better off with dog who has a calmer, steadier, more laidback personality.

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many public places where canines might otherwise not be permitted, such as malls, trains, restaurants, etc. However, there is some controversy surrounding emotional support dogs, and where they can be allowed, that you need to be aware of — see sidebar below. The advantages far outweigh the negatives in this arena, yet the confusion surrounding whether a dog is classified as “service” or “emotional support” continues to be a grey area where the law is concerned.

There’s no question that dog companionship offers a multitude of benefits to humans, and emotional support dogs can be a particular boon to mental wellness. Emotional support dogs help people cope with anxiety, depression, and other forms of mental/emotional distress by relaxing them, elevating their mood, and helping them feel less alone during times of distress. As such, these dogs provide a valuable service in an increasingly stressful world.

Are emotional support dogs allowed anywhere? While cultures vary in their attitudes toward companion animals, the commonly-held belief is that they can improve the overall quality of human life. Utilizing animals — dogs, in particular — for therapeutic benefit is well-established

in medicine. Therapy animals are commonly seen in medical settings, and dogs are familiar visitors to hospices, pediatric wards, and inpatient psychiatric hospitals. In more recent years, the creation of animal relief areas in airports, and the growing number of retailers who offer treats to their customers’ canines, seem to suggest increasing acceptance of dogs in public spaces. Yet there is some controversy around emotional support animals in general being allowed in certain settings — for example, airplane cabins. This is because the term “emotional support animal” can encompass a wide variety of species besides dogs, including hamsters, pigs, turkeys, and others, leading to concerns about property damage and disruption to other passengers. In addition, some people have fraudulently claimed the animals they brought on board were emotional support animals when they weren’t. Therefore, airlines have enacted more stringent policies around emotional support animals being allowed in cabins, including changes in documentation requirements from medical providers. Controversy also surrounds emotional support animals in the case of housing, as seen in civil litigation suits between landlords and tenants. When appearing in court for such a case, it may be necessary

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for the tenant to get a medical provider’s evaluation stating their mental and emotional need for the animal, be it a dog, cat, or any other species. In short, the use of emotional support dogs — or any animal, for that matter — is governed by a mix of federal and state/ provincial anti-discrimination laws that apply to different settings with slightly different rules. So while someone with a disability might feel entitled to be accompanied by her dog in one place (e.g. an airplane), that same animal may be barred from a different location, such as a restaurant. If you’re thinking of having your own dog certified as an emotional support animal, it’s important to check out federal and state/provincial laws so you know where you’ll stand and where your emotional support dog may or may not be allowed.

Photo courtesy K9s For Warriors

IN THE NEWS

Garrett is the station dog for St. Johns County Fire Rescue.

Research looks at how

“station dogs” may improve mental health in police officers Dogs play an important role in reducing stress and enhancing mental health in humans, especially those in potentially stressful settings or situations. The Human Animal Bond Research Institute (HABRI) and Pet Partners recently announced funding for a new study to evaluate how resident dogs in police stations, also known as “station dogs”, may impact job-related mental health among first responders. “Previous research has found that facility dogs* can reduce stress and provide emotional support for both staff and clients in schools, hospitals, and courthouses — but their effectiveness in police stations has been minimally studied,” says Dr. Kerri Rodriguez, principal investigator for

the project at the University of Arizona College of Veterinary Medicine. “Our research aims to describe how these dogs may be similarly beneficial for promoting wellness within law enforcement.” The study will use a cross-sectional study design to measure self-reported outcomes among an estimated 300 law enforcement officers across stations currently placed with a facility dog, or on the waitlist to receive one. Station dogs will be trained and placed free of charge by the non-profit K9s For Warriors, which has already placed over 40 station dogs in police and fire stations across the US. The researchers hypothesize that the presence of station dogs will result in

significantly better outcomes among first responders in law enforcement, including less burnout, higher job satisfaction, and better mental health. C. Anne Peters, President and CEO of Pet Partners, states: “Our nation’s hardworking first responders deserve every form of mental health support, and this research will show how the positive effects of the human-animal bond can be part of that equation.”

*A facility dog is a type of therapy dog trained to provide daily comfort and support in a facility setting, such as school, hospital, or police station. habri.org, petpartners.org

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LOST & FOUND

What to do if

your dog or cat

goes missing BY ANNA MCCLAIN

Dogs and cats go missing more often than most people think. Knowing what to do before it happens will make your search more streamlined and increase your chances of being reunited with your best friend.

What could be scarier than having your dog or cat go missing? We may think that with everything we do to keep our companions safe, it could never happen to us. But there are no guarantees, so it’s a good idea to know what to do if the unthinkable should ever happen. Here are some helpful tips to guide you through searching for a lost dog or cat, and optimize the chances of his safe return home.

MAKE SURE YOUR DOG OR CAT HAS ID One of the most crucial steps you can take before your best friend goes missing is making sure he has identification. This can help ensure a safer and speedier return.

Get him microchipped. Keep all your contact information (address, phone number, email) up to date for the microchip company, so if your dog or cat is found by someone else, a shelter or veterinary hospital will be able to scan him and identify you as his “parent”. In the event your dog or cat gets lost, immediately inform the microchip company so they can also be alerted if your animal is found.

A collar tag bearing your name and contact info adds another layer of protection to the microchip. But keep in mind that tags can fall off and get lost, so they’re not failsafe.

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D gs Cats Purchasing a small GPS tracker for your dog or cat to wear on his collar is also beneficial. Pawfit (pawfit.com) is one company that specializes in GPS trackers for animals.

FIRST STEPS AND MEASURES Whether or not your dog or cat has ID when/if he does go missing, there are things you can do to help him get home again: • Leave out some tasty food, water, and an article of clothing or blanket with your scent on it. These items can help your dog or cat hone in on your property as he tries to find his way back home. • Contact family, friends, and neighbors for help and support with your search, and expand the search area to more than just your local neighborhood. • When talking to neighbors, strangers, or business owners, describe your dog or cat’s appearance, coat color, and any unique features or markings (coat patterns, etc.). Also mention any medical issues so people are aware of the urgency in finding him.

• Put up bold posters in nearby neighborhoods and communities. Posters should include current color pictures of your dog or cat — try to include both a closeup along with a photo showing his whole body. Along with your contact info, include pertinent details on his breed, behavior around strangers, and key medical issues. • Keep calling out your dog or cat’s name (including nicknames) as you search. • Contact animal shelters and rescues in local and nearby communities, as well as veterinary clinics, emergency hospitals, and kennels. You can call, email, and/or drop off posters to keep them informed. This will be invaluable if someone brings in your animal to check for a microchip. • Go on Facebook, Instagram and other social media platforms to quickly spread the word that your best friend is missing. You can also reach out to local radio stations and newspapers. • Last but not least, do not give up!

STAY IN CONTACT Some shelters and pounds will only keep found dogs and cats for a short period (72 hours is common) before offering them up for adoption, or taking other difficult measures. This means you need to remain in frequent contact by visiting or calling these facilities to check for your dog or cat — every 24 to 48 hours at least.

What if your dog or cat is stolen? Sadly, companion animal theft is on the rise. If this happens to your dog or cat, it’s vital to take swift action and file a report with the local police and sheriff's department, on top of the other steps outlined in the article. If you witness an individual stealing your pet, your first reaction might be to go after them — but for your own safety and that of your dog or cat, don’t confront them without a police officer or animal control officer present.

Jenny — a personal experience In 2017, our beloved dog, Jenny, went missing for 12 days. We frantically tried to find her by creating flyers, advertising on PawBoost (an online tool that helps people find or report missing animals), and contacting numerous animal shelters and vets in Southern California.

REWARD OR NO REWARD?

We received a variety of supportive responses, one of which suggested Jenny may have been hit by a car.

Many people offer rewards for the safe return of their missing dogs or cats, although money doesn’t guarantee your animal will be found. If you decide to offer a reward, it’s best to not put a specific amount on your posters or ads. You should also know how to identify potential scammers who are after the money but don’t actually have your dog or cat. If your dog or cat ever goes missing, starting your search sooner rather than later will raise the possibility of finding him. But don’t give up hope even if it takes days, weeks, or even months. And know that you’re not alone — reach out for help, and remember you are doing everything you can to bring your best friend home!

Thankfully, Jenny was found 40 miles away by a family who took her to the vet to check for a microchip. We were immediately contacted, and so grateful to have our best friend back home, safe and sound. It was her microchip that brought Jenny back to us, although having extra tools and resources was very helpful in expanding our search.

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AT HOME

Moving House w

ith your dog?

tips to make it easier on your pooch

For many people, moving house is often a necessity. Whether you’ve landed a job in a new city, or are downsizing to something smaller, moving to a new home or apartment can be stressful and complicated — especially if you have a dog who won’t understand what’s going on. Keeping things as calm and familiar as possible will help your dog transition to your new living environment with less stress, confusion, and anxiety.

10 TIPS FOR A SMOOTH MOVE

Stay calm.

Your dog is sensitive to your mood and will pick up on your emotions if you’re feeling stressed and frazzled on moving day. Explain to your dog what’s happening — he might not understand your words, but he may sense it’s nothing to be upset about.

Maintain your dog’s routine.

As much as possible, in the days and weeks leading up to your move, stick to your dog’s usual routine for feeding, walking, playing, etc. Maintaining a familiar routine will be comforting and grounding for him.

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Dogs like familiarity and routine, so moving house can cause them stress and anxiety. The ten tips in this article will help the move go more smoothly and easily for both you and your dog.

by Sandra Murphy with Ann Brightman

Brush up on training.

Because you’re transitioning to a new environment, you want to make sure your dog knows his training cues inside and out — especially “come” and “stay” — in case he dashes out the door or gets off his leash on moving day.

4. 5.

Pack your dog’s box last.

Leave his bed, bowls, and favorite toys in their usual places until the last moment. This will help give him a sense of stability in his otherwise changing world.

Make pre-move visits to your new residence.

If your new home or apartment is vacant and available, take your dog to visit it a few times before you actually move. This will help make it feel more familiar to him when the time comes to move in. If this isn’t possible, a walk in your new neighborhood will at least familiarize your dog with its sights, sounds, and smells.

Use natural stress relievers.

For dogs who are particularly sensitive and anxious, natural stress relievers like Rescue Remedy can be helpful. They can be added to his water bowl days ahead of your move to help keep your dog calm during the packing process. On moving day, to help during the car ride, a few drops can be put directly into his mouth or rubbed into his ears or paw pads.

Unpack your dog’s things first.

As soon as you’ve moved in, unpack your dog’s bed, bowls, and toys, and put them out in a quiet area. The presence of familiar belongings will help him feel at home more quickly.

Make exploring the new house rewarding.

Under supervision, allow your dog to explore his new environment, providing encouragement and rewards in the form of treats or praise. Try hiding high-value treats around the house for him to find. This will help him associate the new place with something pleasant and enjoyable.

Don’t let your dog out on his own.

It’s going to take a while for your dog to settle into his new environment, so it’s best not to let him outside by himself for a while, even if the house has a fenced-in yard. An anxious dog may try to escape an unfamiliar area by jumping the fence or digging underneath it. Keep your dog on a leash, and/or supervise him when he’s in the yard to do his business.

10.

Stay home as much as possible.

For the first few weeks after moving, it’s a good idea to stay home with your dog as much as possible, or have a family member or friend stay with him. Leaving him alone in a strange place, especially for long periods, can trigger stress, fear, and even separation anxiety. Your first night in your new house or apartment should be as relaxing as possible for your dog. A favorite book or TV show for you, a toy and some healthy treats for your dog, and a quiet, cushy spot to relax in together will help make the place feel like home for both of you.

How far are you movin g? Dog parents sh ar helpful hints e

Local moves Debbie Daw moved her two dogs, Ollie and Piper, across town. Because Ollie can be an escape artist and hard to catch, she opted to board him and Piper until everything was in the new house. On arrival, the dogs found familiar furniture along with their beds and bowls. After a brief walkthrough, they explored the yard and declared the house home.

Long g distance moves Walt Boyes and Joy Ward moved from the Midwest to the Northwest, a distance of 2,200 miles, with Pretty Girl and Midas (both Weimaraners), and Jersey (a foster dog they adopted). “Plan ahead for dog-friendly hotels, stop at every rest area for exercise and potty breaks, and have treats handy for all of you,” Joy says. Wendy Harrison and her dog, Cooper, moved from Floria to Washington State after a hurricane flooded their home. She found a pet transportation service that drove Cooper in her own car while she flew to Washington. “It was somewhat expensive, but I would never have Cooper put in the cargo area of the plane,” she says. “He got plenty of walks along the way.” She received regular text updates and photos from the driver. “Cooper was a bit stiff after riding in the car for three days, even with frequent stops, but otherwise seems happy to be here. It was the easiest and most convenient way to get both him and our car across country while we were setting everything up at the new house.” www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

NUTRITION KNOW-HOW

Supplements for inflammation in dogs and cats

From flavonoids to fatty acids, these supplements can help dampen the fires of inflammation in your dog or cat’s body.

For thousands of years, natural supplements from food and plant sources have been used to treat inflammation in both people and animals. Different chemical plant compounds help regulate the immune system, inhibiting certain proinflammatory cytokines and mediators that can damage DNA, feed tumor growth and destroy healthy cells. This article highlights the top nine supplements that can help treat inflammation in dogs and cats.

CELLULAR PROCESSES OF INFLAMMATION The inflammatory system is highly complex and utilizes a host of specialized immune cells. There are two types of inflammation, acute and chronic. Acute inflammation promotes the healing of injury and infection. It’s characterized by the activation of immune cells associated with the release of inflammatory chemicals called cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins. As the hallmark of inflammation is redness, swelling, pain and loss of function, these biochemicals are protective in the acute stages since their role is to bring increased blood flow to heal the injury, fluid to protect it, and pain to prevent further use.

NOTE: In acute situations, we use therapies like RICE — rest, ice, elevation and compression — as well as both pharmaceutical and natural anti-inflammatories.

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BY BARRIE SANDS, DVM

D gs Cats

Unresolved low-grade inflammation is the central feature in the vast majority of chronic disease. In cases of chronic inflammation, the chemicals mentioned above create free radicals and lipid peroxidation byproducts. These latter substances alter cell membranes, causing them to become stiff and sticky so they negatively affect cell function.

THE REDOX REACTION Every cellular biochemical reaction undergoes what is called a redox reaction. Basically, it refers to the transfer of an electron between molecules. It causes a molecule to go from a reduced state of stability to an oxidized state, where it becomes a free radical. The free radicals are the fire starters. Normal living, aging, and constant exposure to toxins greatly deplete the body’s internal repair and anti-inflammatory processes.

Inflammation is often systemic All bodily systems are affected by inflammation, including the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. It manifests as osteoarthritis, heart disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, leaky gut, inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative conditions such as seizures and cognitive dysfunction, and the ultimate expression of chronic inflammation, cancer.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY SUPPLEMENTS A number of natural plants and plant extracts called flavonoids are available for supplemental use. NOTE: As each of these supplements has a variety of healing effects, it is the synergetic effect between them that produces the best results.

The anti-inflammatory benefits of supplements such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid are well known, but following are some less talked-about plant-dervied supplements used to treat inflammatory conditions in cats and dogs.

1 HAWTHORNE Commonly known for its effects on the cardiovascular system, hawthorne also modulates the systemic immune reaction by reducing inflammatory immune cells and cytokines. It also has a protective effect on brain cells. The berries, leaves, and flowers contain antioxidants called oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs). Hawthorne acts as a vasodilator, helping to decrease high blood pressure; protect the vascular wall from lipid peroxidation damage; strengthen blood vessels; improve blood flow to arteries; and strengthen heart muscle contraction.

2 QUERCETIN A flavonoid found in many plants such as capers, radishes, kale, fennel, parsley, tomatoes, and apples, quercetin is a powerful antioxidant. Its anti-inflammatory effects decrease intestinal, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal inflammation. It is also said to be nature’s antihistamine, helping to alleviate allergic conditions, asthma, and pulmonary hypertension. NOTE: Compared to other flavonoids, quercetin is one of the most effective inducers of Phase II detoxification enzymes, which aid in the body’s ability to excrete and eliminate toxins.

3 CURCUMIN Curcumin is the active substance found in turmeric. It has a rich history in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine, with a wide variety of benefits. Curcumin has been shown www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

to improve joint health, decrease intestinal inflammation, reduce neuropathic pain, and improve endothelium function (the lining of blood vessels). It also supports brain health by suppressing the activation of brain immune cells, enhancing brain repair proteins, and lowering brain amyloid levels. The main problem with curcumin is adequate absorption. Mixing it with olive or coconut oil increases absorption. You can also purchase several high-absorption curcumin supplements in nano-formulations and carrier molecules, which are shown to be highly effective.

4 APIGENIN This natural flavonoid is found in many plants, including chamomile tea, artichokes, rutabagas, celery, celery root, basil, parsley, thyme, marjoram and oregano. It is known to reduce gastric and intestinal inflammation, and has anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial effects. Apigenin’s neuroprotective properties decrease anxiety and brain inflammation. It also helps regulate hormones and cortisol levels.

5 LUTEOLIN Luteolin is a common flavonoid that exists in many types of plants, including spices, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. It can be found in celery, parsley, artichokes, broccoli, carrots, cabbage, and apple skins. In addition to its anti-inflammatory effects, luteolin has been used for its anticancer effects because it induces apoptosis (cancer cell death). It has also been used to treat hypertension, and to protect the brain and central nervous system; luteolin enhances cognitive function and reduces pain by modulating GABA receptors.

6 HESPERIDIN This flavonoid is mostly found in citrus fruits. Hesperidin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticancer, and vascular-protective properties. It also helps regulate lipid (fat) metabolism. Hesperidin’s anti-inflammatory, antiallergic

Work with your vet As always, work with a holistic or integrative veterinarian before giving your dog or cat a new supplement. Choosing the right combination and dosage of supplements will depend on your animal’s individual needs and state of health, as well as any other conventional or alternative treatments he might be receiving.

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action is due in part to its interference with the metabolism of arachidonic acid (the primary inflammatory fatty acid) and with histamine release from mast cells.

7 BOSWELLIA Also known as Indian Frankincense, Boswellia is an extract from the Boswellia serrata tree found in parts of Asia and Africa. NOTE: The Boswellia tree’s resin is commonly used to make oral supplements and topical creams.

It is used commonly for osteoarthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Boswellia has been shown to help turn off the immune system’s reactions that drive up inflammation, and causes apoptosis. Boswellia serrata extract is so powerful that it’s considered comparable to NSAID pain relievers. Additional supplements that can help with inflammation include Omega-3 fatty acids — DHA in particular — and a variety of vitamins and minerals.

8 DHA Omega-3 fatty acids are an integral component of cells, helping them function effectively. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a component of Omega-3s found in fatty cold-water fish such as salmon, sardines, anchovies, and in cod liver oil and krill. Vegetarian sources include seaweed algae. DHA is the most abundant fat in the brain, and is necessary for good brain health. It inhibits excitotoxicity (the harmful excitation of neurons), decreases inflammation, repairs damaged cells, and lowers brain amyloid levels.

9 VITAMINS AND MINERALS Vitamins and minerals are essential for all cellular metabolic and enzymatic processes. They have antioxidation effects by combating the formation of free radicals. The major vitamins and minerals for inflammation are vitamins B, D3, C, E, magnesium and CoQ10. Otherwise known as ubiquinone, CoQ10 is an enzyme essential to mitochondrial function and energy production. The balance between healthy and non-healthy inflammatory responses is intricate and complicated, and the use of natural supplements helps the body perform these tasks better. Because they have a synergistic effect that helps augment their benefits, giving them to your dog or cat in combination is beneficial.

NEWSWORTHY

Report outlines ways cat parents can reduce risk of zoonotic diseases Cats have a special place in many people’s hearts. According to a review article by a team of researchers at the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, cats also play a role in the transmission of zoonotic diseases — infections that spread between people and animals. “Many cats have two lives — in close contact with people at home, but also with animals outside,” says virology professor and article co-author, Dr. Gary Whittaker. Outdoors, they interact with wildlife and each other, including feral cats. As urbanization increases, so do these interactions, and the likelihood of zoonotic disease transmission. Rabies transmitted by unvaccinated outdoor cats currently poses the greatest threat, but cats also serve as bridges between otherwise unrelated species for other infections. For example, Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes the plague, is present in pockets of 17 western US states. “Cats can be a very good conduit for the disease to humans, because they come in contact with the rodents that are reservoirs,” Dr. Whittaker explains. Cats also contribute to maintaining the zoonotic pathogen that causes toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii),

although the risk of direct infection is small. “Cats are the definitive host for toxoplasmosis,” says Dr. Bruce Kornreich, director of the Cornell Feline Health Center. If you’re a cat parent, you can play an important part in helping minimize the spread of zoonotic disease by taking the following steps: • Keep your cat indoors, or take measures to prevent him from interacting with peridomestic species (animals that live in or near areas of human habitation, such as deer mice or skunks) and other wildlife (e.g. by providing a “catio”).

• If your cat is sick, don’t let him lick your face. • Avoid direct contact with wild or peridomestic species and deter them from accessing your living space. • Refrain from eating raw or undercooked meats and unwashed fruits and vegetables. • Wear gloves while gardening and wash hands immediately afterward. vet.cornell.edu/news/20231220/reducingrisks-zoonotic-disease-transmission-throughresponsible-cat-ownership

• Clean his litter box regularly. • Ask your veterinarian about the prevalence of zoonotic diseases in your region and what you can do to prevent your cat from becoming infected — e.g. vaccines where and when required, taking steps to repel fleas and ticks, etc. • See your vet promptly if your cat is ill. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

WELL-GROOMED

how to Choose the right shampoo and conditioner for your dog BY LAURIE RIIHIMAKI

It’s bathtime! But before you dunk your dog in the tub, be sure you’re using a shampoo and conditioner that are gentle and nontoxic as well as cleansing.

Some dogs hate baths, while others enjoy or at least tolerate them. Whatever category your own dog fits into, regular baths should be part of his care routine. Bathing offers several health benefits beyond getting rid of doggy odor, but for the best results, you need to ensure you’re using the right shampoo and conditioner. Choosing the wrong products can have unwanted consequences and even cause health issues for your best friend. This article focuses on what to look for, and what to avoid, when making a purchase.

BUYING DOGGY SHAMPOO AND CONDITIONER What to look for Generally speaking, gentle, natural products are always best. Veterinarian Dr. Alex Crow recommends shampoos and conditioners that contain mild cleansers, moisturizers, and essential oils. • M ild cleansers may be derived from ingredients such as coconut, oats, or aloe vera, which are gentler on the skin than the harsh sulfates like sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) that many commercial dog shampoos contain.

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• M oisturizers can come in the form of aloe vera or oatmeal (like the cleansing aspect), as well as glycerin or shea butter. Dog shampoos and conditioners will often have a mix of these ingredients to help soothe and moisturize, making for healthy skin and a shiny coat. • E ssential oils offer some added benefits. Scents like lavender, chamomile, and rosemary help calm irritated skin and repel fleas and ticks, which hate the smell of these oils. Choosing one of these scents will also make your pup smell great long after bathtime, and some of the oils, like lavender, can have a calming effect on your dog and make bathtime less stressful. “It’s important to choose pure therapeutic-grade oils and only use them in diluted amounts,” says Dr. Crow. Too much of an essential oil can irritate the skin, creating the opposite effect of what you want.

What to avoid Many commercial dog shampoos and condtioners contain harsh chemicals that can irritate your dog’s skin and make his coat coarse and wiry. These chemicals includes sulfates

as well as parabens, artificial fragrances, dyes, alcohol, pesticides and insecticides. • S ulfates can actually strip the natural oils from your dog’s skin, leaving it dry and irritated. This can make him itchy or cause a rash. • P arabens can also cause irritation; in addition, they have preservatives that are linked to hormone disruption in both dogs and humans. • A rtificial fragrances are another cause of allergies and irritated skin.

Why bathE your dog? “Bathing your dog helps remove dirt, debris, and allergens from the hair and skin,” says Dr. Crow. “This can help improve overall health and well-being, and prevent skin irritation and infections. Regular bathing can also help control shedding and keep your dog's coat looking and smelling fresh.”

• D yes are completely unnecessary (your dog doesn’t care if his shampoo is blue!) and may contain harmful chemicals.

How often should you bathe your dog?

• P esticides and insecticides contain toxic chemicals that shouldn’t be used on your dog’s skin, just as you wouldn’t use them on yours.

Mild cleansers may be derived from ingredients such as coconut, oats, or aloe vera.

MAKING THE MOST OUT OF BATHTIME Bathtime can be used for more than just keeping your dog hygienic. “Bathing is essential, not only for cleanliness but also for inspecting your dog’s skin for any abnormalities,” says veterinarian Dr. Michael Thompson. “If an abnormality is found, it’s vital to consult your veterinarian right away. Regular bathing can serve as a preventative health practice. “Bathing your dog can also strengthen the bond between you and your dog, making it a more enjoyable experience for both parties,” he adds. The more regularly you bathe your dog, the easier it will become for him to tolerate it. Dogs are routine-based, so if baths are not part of their routine, they’ll find them more stressful. Another way to make baths more comfortable and enjoyable is to use lukewarm water. Avoid getting shampoo in your dog’s eyes and ears. and rinse him thoroughly after shampooing and conditioning, so he isn’t left with residue on his coat and skin, which could cause irritation. By following the tips in this article, while choosing a doggy shampoo and conditioner made from natural, skin-soothing ingredients, you can help ensure bathtime is a time for healing and relaxation as well as cleansing.

It depends on a few different factors:

onsider his breed. If your dog is shortC haired, a bath every one to three months is a good recommendation. If he has medium or long hair, bathing every four to six weeks is needed to keep him clean.

2 Active dogs tend to get dirtier, which means a necessity for more bathing, while couch potatoes can go longer between baths.

3 If your dog has a skin condition such as

allergies, he may need more frequent bathing with a soothing and healing shampoo and conditioner.

Keep in mind that bathing your dog too frequently can strip his skin and coat of their natural oils, so it’s best to not overdo it.

Dyes are completely unnecessary — your dog doesn’t care if his shampoo is blue!

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

ANIMAL BODYWORK

How ACUPRESSURE HELPS RELIEVE your dog’s DRY, ITCHY SKIN by Amy Snow & Nancy Zidonis

It’s normal for a dog to scratch behind her ears every so often. But when she scratches constantly and compulsively, there’s a problem. A holistic approach that includes acupressure can help relieve the discomfort of dry, itchy skin in your dog. Dry, itchy, flaky skin, also known as “pruritis,” is very uncomfortable for a dog. This condition has several levels of severity that require different treatment approaches. For mild cases with periodic bouts of scratching, a simple change in diet, as well as a vitamin regimen, gentler shampoo, or humidifier may be all that’s needed. But if the dog is scratching incessantly and causing self-harm, a more intensive approach involving holistic veterinary care — along with the acupressure session highlighted in this article — should be taken.

HOLISTIC VETERINARY CARE If your dog is making himself miserable with scratching, consult a holistic veterinarian. He or she can help get to the root of your dog’s skin problem (see sidebar at right) and provide the right treatment options. Once a treatment plan has been established, consider enhancing it with the brief, daily acupressure session outlined on the next page. Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupressure has been successfully used for centuries to resolve dry, itchy skin conditions in people and animals.

DRY SKIN FROM A TCM PERSPECTIVE In Traditional Chinese Medicine, dry skin is called “wind heat.” This is an apt description, since itchy skin tends to be red, which indicates heat, while wind creates dryness. In TCM, as in Western medicine, there are many reasons why dogs suffer from dry, itchy skin.

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From a TCM perspective, allergies are a breakdown of the immune system. So if a dog experiences an allergic response to an allergen, we need to strengthen her immune system. Skin needs to be robust in order to withstand the invasion of wind and heat. When the skin doesn’t receive the proper moisture and nourishment that blood provides, it can become dry, itchy, and flaky. In TCM terms, this is considered a “blood deficiency” condition; it requires both the enrichment of blood, and the circulation of blood and body fluids to the surface of the dog’s body. Other health conditions can lead to dry skin, but immune system weakness combined with poor blood circulation are common contributors.

CAUSES OF DRY, ITCHY SKIN ARE NUMEROUS This condition has many causes, the most common of which is an allergic reaction to environmental allergens such as soap, household cleaning chemicals, fertilizer, grasses, insect bites, and other irritants. Your dog could also be allergic to certain foods, or food ingredients. Alternatively, dry skin can sometimes indicate a bigger health problem, such as thyroid or neurological issues. On top of that, persistently dry, itchy skin often leads to secondary infections due to excessive scratching.

ACUPRESSURE SESSION FOR DRY SKIN Specific acupressure points will energetically support your dog’s immune system. By offering the short, daily session shown in the chart below, you will bring nourishment and moisture to your dog’s skin while building her overall immune system. Stimulate the following acupoints by resting one hand on your dog wherever it is comfortable. Using your other hand, place the tip of your thumb directly on each acupoint, at a 45° angle, and hold the point gently, but with intent, for a slow count of 30. Another method is to put your middle finger on top of your index finger, then gently but firmly place your index finger at a 45° angle on the acupressure point, again for a slow count of 30. •

Governing Vessel 14 (GV 14) – Clears heat and strengthens the immune system

•

DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR “WIND HEAT” Traditional Chinese Medicine takes a well-rounded approach to resolving health conditions. For a dog (or human) to be healthy, he needs rest, exercise, a balanced lifestyle, acupressure-massage — and attention to diet. Chinese medicine dietitians recommend cooling foods for heat conditions. These foods include certain meats and fish, vegetables, grains, fruits, and different types of oils, as follows: •

Meats and fish: turkey, rabbit, cod, whitefish

•

Grains: brown rice, millet, barley

•

Vegetables: broccoli, celery, bok choy, cucumber, potato

•

Fruits: watermelon, pear, banana

•

Oils: coconut, sesame — small amounts of these oils can be mixed into your dog’s food

Large Intestine 11 (LI 11) – Dispels heat and benefits the immune system

•

Bladder 13 (Bl 13) – Enhances movement of body fluids

•

Bladder 17 (Bl 17) – Nourishes and enriches blood Bl 17

GV 14

Bl 13

Making changes to an itchy dog’s diet will help her feel cooler, while adding the acupressure session will build internal strength to ward off the “wind heat” invading her body.

LI 11 GV 14: Found on dorsal midline between the spinous processes of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae

LI 11: Located on the front leg on the outside (lateral) near the elbow at the end of the cubital crease — find by flexing the elbow

Bl 13: Found a thumb width lateral to the back edge of the dorsal spinous process of the 4th thoracic vertebra

Bl 17: Found a thumb width lateral to the back edge of the dorsal spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra

Combining Western holistic medicine recommendations with TCM techniques, including acupressure, is a powerful way to resolve your dog’s dry, itchy skin, and help her back to a healthy and comfortable quality of life. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

WHY POSITIVE

REINFORCEMENT IS THE BEST WAY TO TRAIN YOUR DOG by Andrea Gronwald

Over the past few decades, we have seen a shift from aversive dog training methods to force-free, positive reinforcement training. Instead of punishing a dog for unwanted behaviors, positive reinforcement training rewards the dog for behaviors we do want. Not only is this a much kinder and safer way to train, but research has proven that positive reinforcement is the most effective method. Let’s find out why.

PUNISHMENT-BASED TRAINING HAS MANY DISADVANTAGES Punishment-based training is rooted in dominance theory, which suggests unwanted behaviors are a dog’s attempt to show dominance. Consequently, behavior problems are solved by establishing dominance over the dog — that is, “showing him who’s the boss.”

Did you know? This theory stems from a 1930s study conducted with captive wolves. The wolves displayed significantly different behaviors from their wild counterparts, yet the findings from the study were erroneously applied to wild wolves, and later domestic dogs. 66

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Aversive dog training methods use punishment and intimidation, often leading to physical harm, fear and aggression. Positive reinforcement training, which comes from a gentle, rewardbased approach, is much more effective as well as humane.

Although those concepts have long since been debunked, many still believe punishment is a useful training method. Aversive training techniques range from intimidation such as yelling, staring the dog down, startling her with unpleasant sounds, and spraying her with water, to physical punishment such as hitting, kicking, pinning the dog to the ground, jerking the leash, and using aversive collars. Not only are these methods outdated and unnecessary, they are also harmful, unsafe, and often ineffective.

“Effective” punishment comes at a high price In order for punishment to work, aversive methods have to be timed correctly, and applied consistently and with the correct intensity. This means the person applying the corrections has to learn these methods, which takes time and practice. Meanwhile, the dog suffers while that learning takes place.

Punishment loses efficacy over time When a dog is repeatedly and routinely exposed to a punishment, she may get used to it. At first, yelling when she engages in an unwanted behavior may stop her, but after a

while she may not respond to it anymore. The next step may be spraying her with a water bottle, until she gets used to that one. Punishment methods will often escalate over time. After all, if a little discomfort won’t change a behavior, maybe pain will.

Punishment can lead to aggression

Punishment may cause or increase fear and anxiety

Punishment-based training methods can lead to an aggressive reaction. A dog punished for growling in the hopes of curbing aggressive behavior will learn her communication efforts are fruitless. Next time, she may skip the warning and immediately resort to biting, which now makes her a dangerous dog.

In most cases, aggression is rooted in fear. Therefore, punishing a dog for displaying aggressive behavior is counterproductive and does not solve the underlying problem. Punishing a fearful dog will usually increase his fear and anxiety.

Any dog may react aggressively when inflicted with pain or feeling cornered. Over time, aggression may increase and also be directed towards other people and dogs. This is why aversive training is unsafe for everyone involved.

Did you know? Dogs punished on a regular basis will often shut down. They stop displaying any behaviors to avoid punishment.

Advocates of aversive methods describe this as a desirable “calm submissive” state. However, this is an incorrect description because submission is rooted in fear, and no one can be fearful and calm at the same time.

The dog may associate aversive methods with his human A dog experiences punishment only when his person is present, so he will learn to suppress unwanted behaviors but may still display them when that person is not around. Punishing a dog after the fact for going through the trash is ineffective, because he is not able to make an association between the correction and what he did hours earlier. The dog will learn his person cannot be trusted and that it is better to avoid them. Training should always strengthen the bond between you and your dog, not weaken it.

Harsh punishment is cruel and inhumane

NOT ALL DOGS RESPOND THE SAME TO

AVERSIVE TRAINING METHODS While yelling may make one dog stop in his tracks, another dog may not even blink. A strong, confident dog may bounce back from intimidation and physical force, while an already timid dog may be traumatized for the rest of his life. The experience of emotional and physical discomfort is subjective, and we cannot predict how any given dog will respond.

Harsh training methods, such as hitting, kicking, pinning a dog to the ground (“alpha roll”), and aversive tools such as shock, choke, and prong collars, can result in physical injuries to the dog, and impact her mental health. Aversive collars can easily injure her neck and lead to long-term damage to the thyroid, trachea, and esophagus. Obviously, these training tools are painful to dogs, or they wouldn’t respond to them.

D id you know? Some European countries prohibit the use of aversive tools because they are considered inhumane.

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT TRAINING – THE BETTER AND KINDER CHOICE Positive reinforcement training is based on behavior science rooted in kindness and empathy, and has proven to be very effective. Knowing that treating a dog with kindness works should render any aversive training irrelevant. Positive reinforcement training is all about prevention and management; that is, setting up the environment so the dog cannot engage in any unwanted or unsafe behaviors, then teaching him what we would like him to do. By using these www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

methods, we prevent chewing, digging, jumping, stealing, and running out the door, and teach the dog to sit, lie down, stay, and leave it.

Did you know? We use rewards in the form of food, praise, play, and affection to reinforce a desired behavior, which increases the reoccurrence of that behavior.

For example, if your dog gets a treat every time he sits, he will sit more often. Contrary to the common belief held by aversive training advocates, rewarding a behavior is not the same as bribing. Over time, the new behavior will become a habit and the dog can be weaned off treats. While the correct use and timing of rewards are necessary for the training to be successful, any mistake you make will not lead to harmful effects as it would in aversive training.

3 PRINCIPLES OF POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT TRAINING 1. Prevention and management The number one priority is keeping your dog and everyone else safe. You set up the environment so the dog cannot engage in any unwanted or unsafe behaviors. It is much easier and more effective to prevent than correct unwanted behaviors. For example: Keep your dog on a leash to prevent him from running into the street, or put up baby gates so he can’t run out the door or access the trashcan.

2. Substitution In positive reinforcement training, we focus on the behaviors we want our dogs to do. We substitute any unwanted behavior with one we like. For example: If you don’t want your dog to jump on people, teach him to sit for greetings. If you won’t want her to chew the remote control, provide chew toys and teach her to use those instead.

3. Systematic desensitization By nature, dogs are sensitive to motion, sound, and touch. We need to systematically desensitize them to scary triggers by associating good things with them. This is how many behavior problems rooted in fear can be addressed. Over time, dogs can be weaned off treats to the point where they are no longer necessary.

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For example: If your dog lunges at skateboarders, reward and praise her at whatever distance from the skateboarders she remains calm, rather than yell at her and jerk on the leash. Eventually, she will associate skateboarders with good things, thereby changing the way she feels about them. Force-free, positive reinforcement training is based on communication and trust instead of intimidation and physical force. This safe and effective training approach is fun for both you and your dog and strengthens your mutual bond. It’s the only kind of training your best friend deserves.

PUNISHMENT DOESN’T TEACH YOUR DOG WHAT YOU WANT HER TO DO

Training a dog through punishment means setting her up for failure. For instance, people wait for their dogs to steal food from the kitchen counter, then punish them for it. They haven’t taught their dogs what they would like them to do instead. This leads to a great deal of confusion, and confusion often leads to fear. The dog may shut down because she is afraid of doing anything that might trigger pain or discomfort. A much more effective method would be to teach the dog the “leave it” cue, and refrain from leaving food out until she has mastered this skill.

SPOTLIGHT

ROTTWEILER REGAINS HIS MOBILITY THANKS TO PRINTED PROSTHETIC A young Rottweiler has been given a new lease on life following innovative, groundbreaking prosthetic surgery. Fitted with a printed artificial foot, three-year-old Covid went from facing a life of disability, to regaining his mobility and quality of life.

When Covid first arrived at Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute in South Africa, he had a severe and debilitating injury to his right front paw. It was a nerve-wracking time for everyone because the conventional treatment for such an extensive wound would normally be amputation. Lead surgeon Dr Klaas-Jan van de Wetering knew this would not be the greatest

solution because of the challenges faced by large breed dogs with only one front limb. So he and his team looked for an answer that would ensure Covid maintained his quality of life. After intense research, they decided on a partial amputation that would make Covid an ideal candidate for “intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prosthesis” (ITAP) surgery. This pioneering procedure involves creating and printing a prosthetic implant that integrates with the amputated limb, allowing for the attachment of an artificial foot. Simply put, an implant was

placed in Covid’s bone, exiting the skin where a prosthetic foot could be attached. Getting a perfect fit was imperative, so a 3D implant was first printed in plastic for evaluation on a printed model of the limb. After minor adjustments, the final implant was 3D-printed in titanium. Covid’s landmark surgery was a success and he has since returned to his playful self. His relieved guardians say he is walking and running with their other dogs and does not appear to be in any pain. Although periodic replacements of the prosthetic foot will be required, Covid can now look forward to a happy, active life. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

SAFETY FIRST

BY MEG DEAK

common household items TOXIC TO CATS

Alliums, cleaning products, and low quality essential oils are just a few of the common household items that can make your kitty sick.

Cats are known for their curiosity. While this is an endearing trait, it can sometimes get them into trouble. Making sure your kitty stays safe includes keeping her from getting into things that could make her sick. This article highlights seven common household items that are toxic to cats. Check the list to see how many are in your own home, and take steps to prevent your feline friend from coming into contact with them.

disulfides and thiosulfates, compounds that are toxic to both cats and dogs. Eating dehydrated flakes, powders, or dry soup mixes containing alliums can cause problems for cats, leading to gastroenteritis or ruptured red blood cells.

Solution: Having a cat doesn’t mean you have to stop using garlic and onions in your cooking. Just ensure you keep any food products or ingredients containing alliums stored safely in the fridge or in a secure cupboard, out of your cat’s reach, and that any open packages of soup mix or garlic/onion powders are placed in closed containers or jars that your cat can’t open.

1 CHEAP ESSENTIAL OILS

Essentials oils smell amazing to us, and also have healing properties, but they can be toxic to cats if the products are low in quality and/or used improperly. Cats can get seriously ill from breathing low-grade essential oils from a diffuser, or having them applied to their coats or skin. Teatree oil is of particular concern.

Solution: If you have essential oils in your home, it’s vital to ensure they’re high-grade therapeutic products, and that you know how to use them safely around cats. To learn more about essential oils and cats, see animalwellnessmagazine. com/cats-and-essential-oils-unraveling-the-controversy/.

ALLIUMS

Chives, garlic, leeks, and onions all are members of the allium family. While they’re delicious ingredients for your favorite dishes, they’re not good for your cat. Alliums contain

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ALOE VERA

Many people have aloe vera plants growing in their homes. While aloe can be used topically on animals, it can cause issues if significant quantities are ingested, leading to vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, tremors, and even kidney problems.

Solution: If you have an aloe vera plant in your home, move it someplace where your cat can’t get at it and chew on the leaves. If you break off a piece, watch that the gel doesn’t drip on the floor where your cat could lick it up, The same rules apply to any aloe-based ointments or shampoos, including pet shampoos.

4 CHOCOLATE

CLEANING 6 HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS

It’s well known that chocolate is toxic to dogs, but you may not be aware that it’s also not good for cats. Chocolate contains caffeine and theobromine, compounds known as methylxanthines. The more cocoa the chocolate has, the more of these compounds the treat will contain. This makes baking and dark chocolates particularly risky to cats. Eating chocolate can cause seizures, tremors, abnormal heart rhythm, and even death if your cat consumes enough of it.

Everyone wants a clean house, but it’s important to know how the cleaners you’re using might affect your cat. Common household cleaning products such as bleach, laundry detergent, and bathroom cleaners can be toxic. If your cat walks on a freshly-cleaned surface, then licks her paws, she could consume some of the chemicals in these cleaners. This can result in respiratory issues, vomiting, drooling, or chemical burns, depending on the product and how much she ingests.

Solution: If you can’t give up chocolate, just make sure to keep it well out of your cat’s reach, especially if it’s the dark, cocoa-rich variety. If you’re looking for an animal-safe alternative to chocolate, consider carob. It can be substituted for chocolate in your baking, and won’t hurt your kitty if she happens to snag some.

5 CUT FLOWERS While fresh-cut flowers are a favorite indoor décor item for all seasons, keep in mind that some plants are toxic to cats and should be avoided, especially if you have a feline who has a habit of nibbling leaves and flowers. Some of the most toxic flowers include lilies, daffodils, azaleas, chrysanthemums, daisies, hyacinths, and tulips.

Solution: Before buying a bouquet to bring home, make sure the flowers it contains are feline-friendly. There are plenty of beautiful flowers to choose from that are safe for cats, such as roses, sunflowers, asters, and even orchids.

Solution: Replacing chemical cleaners with more natural nontoxic products is good for your own health as well as your cat’s. For some safe and simple household cleaners, check out animalwellnessmagazine.com/ household-cleaners-that-are-safe-for-your-pets/ and animalwellnessmagazine.com/household-cleanerssafe-pets/. Another alternative is to keep your cat in a separate room while you’re cleaning, and not let her back in until the cleaned surfaces dry.

7 HUMAN MEDICATIONS Among the most dangerous household items for cats are human medications. While acetaminophen and ibuprofen help us get through a cold or headache, they aren’t meant for cats. Our feline companions don’t have the same enzymes as humans, which means their bodies can’t break down these drugs. Ingesting human medications can make cats seriously ill and even lead to death.

Solution: All medications should be kept in closed bottles, packages and vials and stored securely out of your cat’s reach. Avoid leaving pill bottles on your night table or the bathroom vanity — put them away in a drawer or the medicine cabinet. And if you happen to drop a pill on the floor, pick it up immediately — your cat might think it’s a new toy or treat.

If you have a cat that likes to “get into everything”, it’s important to ensure any toxic household items are either removed from her environment or replaced with something else. It’ll keep her safe, and give you peace of mind.

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BREATHING EASY

Wildfire smoke — how to protect your dog or cat BY RAMONA MAREK

Wildfires are getting larger, fiercer and more frequent, which means poor air quality from smoke is becoming a common and widespread problem. Here’s how to protect your dog or cat’s health from its effects.

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Over the last several years, the wildfire season has become unprecedented in many regions of the world, including the US, Canada, and Europe. Around the globe, in fact, wildfires are growing ever more severe, intense and frequent. Even if you don’t live in or near an affected area, smoke and particulates spread through the atmosphere, affecting air quality hundreds and even thousands of miles from the actual fires. Breathing wildfire smoke can have serious health impacts, including respiratory and cardiovascular problems that impact our dogs and cats as well as ourselves. As the weather warms up and we move into another wildfire season, it’s important to take precautions to protect your best friend from poor air quality caused by smoke.

WHY WILDFIRE SMOKE IS HAZARDOUS Wildfire smoke is comprised of particulate matter, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, soot, hydrocarbons, and other organic substances including nitrogen oxides and trace minerals. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it’s the particulate matter — a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air — that causes the principal health threat.

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diseases like bronchitis or asthma, or other conditions including obesity, heart disease, or infections.

HOW WILDFIRE SMOKE IMPACTS DOGS AND CATS

SYMPTOMS OF SMOKE EXPOSURE

Our companion animals react very much the way we do when exposed to wildfire smoke, according to veterinarian Dr. Debra Zoran of the Texas A&M Veterinary Emergency Team. "Their responses are very similar to ours in that smoke and pollutants are irritants,” she says. “They have hazardous materials in them that can be harmful if the exposure is prolonged; and they can cause some of the same short-term signs of sneezing, watery eyes/nose, coughing, etc. [that humans experience].”

Regardless of your dog or cat’s age, breed or health status, keep a close watch on her during periods of poor air quality. “Signs of respiratory compromise are increased breathing rate or effort; coughing, including with expectoration (spitting up); a decrease in activity; or a lack of interest in eating,” says Dr. Zoran. “Any animal that’s having trouble breathing will be less interested in moving around or eating."

SOME ANIMALS ARE AT HIGHER RISK

Other signs to look for, as mentioned above, include red, watery eyes, increased sneezing, wheezing, difficulty breathing and lethargy.

All dogs and cats can be affected by poor air quality, although some groups are more vulnerable.

Contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice any changes in your dog or cat’s behavior or health during periods of poor air quality due to wildfire smoke.

"As with humans, the young, old, and any animals with pre-existing conditions that make their airways sensitive or susceptible to injury are all…much less able to manage lower oxygen levels, higher particulates in the air, and poor air quality, and could be incapacitated more quickly or develop a flareup of their condition,” says Dr. Zoran.

CARBON MONOXIDE

CO2 CARBON DIOXIDE

"There are no effective masks for dogs or cats,” says Dr. Zoran. “N95 masks must be fitted to the face to be effective, and standard masks do not remove the

She adds that brachycephalic breeds such as pugs, bulldogs, Persian cats and exotic shorthair cats are at particular risk, as well as animals with lung

Can your dog or cat wear a mask?

smallest particles. Also, attempting to put a mask on your animal will likely not only be ineffective, but highly stressful.”

HYDROCARBONS

SOOT WATER VAPOR

NITROGEN OXIDE

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PROTECT YOUR ANIMAL BY LIMITING EXPOSURE When air quality is poor due to wildfire smoke, the best way to protect yourself and your dog or cat is to limit exposure to it. Dr. Zoran advises the best protection is to leave the area if possible. If this isn’t feasible, and your house isn't in the fire zone, follow shelter in place protocols.

• Another tip is to rinse your animal’s eyes or nose, or at least use a damp cloth to wipe away any accumulated particulates and prevent irritation. Wildfires will continue to happen and will most likely get worse. There might not be one in your immediate area but wildfire smoke can travel long distances from other states and countries and stay in the air for days or weeks. Air quality alerts should be taken seriously by everyone in affected areas to protect you and your animals.

• Keep your dog or cat inside with the doors and windows closed. • Use air conditioning with clean filters (pleated, with a MERV 13 rating), and add air purifiers to help filter out more particles. • To help keep indoor air clean, AirNow (airnow.gov) advises not to fry or broil food, vacuum, burn candles, smoke tobacco products, or use fireplaces or wood stoves. These activities add particulates to the air. • Limit outdoor activities for your dog to short, necessary potty breaks — better yet, set up an indoor potty area. Save running, hiking, and other high-intensity activities for when air quality improves. • Keep your dog or cat entertained with low-key playtimes, interactive toys, puzzle feeders, and healthy, high-value, long-lasting treats. • Feed a high quality, nutritionally balanced diet. “That’s the answer to keeping animals healthy at all times,” says Dr. Zoran. “Whether they’re living their normal day-today life or being impacted by a stressful event, nutrition is the key to healthy body response." • Keep your dog or cat hydrated by making sure they drink enough water. This helps strengthen all mucous membranes, the body's best defense against irritants. Dry airways retain particulate matter, including in the lungs, which can exacerbate smoke exposure symptoms.

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More tips — stay prepared, aware, and informed 1

If you live in an area prone to wildfires, be prepared for emergency. Make sure your dog or cat is microchipped and/ or has other ID, assemble an animal evacuation kit in a waterproof container and keep it near your exit door. Also have a travel crate ready, and know where to look for your dog or cat if he gets scared and hides.

Stay informed. Tune in to local news for fire and smoke safety, health advisories, and any evacuation orders. Follow the instructions of local officials about when and where to evacuate. Check the daily air quality forecast for your area. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a color-coded system that classifies air quality from Good (Green) to Hazardous (Maroon) with values from 0 to 500. The higher the AQI number, the greater the level of air pollution and the greater the health concern. AirNow is a great resource for monitoring air quality and alerts in your locale.

CELEBRATES 25 YEARS AS NORTH AMERICA'S FOR DOGS AND CATS! We’ve come a long way, baby! When Animal Wellness first launched back in 1999, the idea of natural and integrative health for dogs and cats was very new. Integrative veterinary care was limited and there were only a handful of great products on the market. But founders Dana Cox and Tim Hockley saw the potential to really make a difference. “We just knew we had to fan the flames a little,” explains Cox, herself a passionate natural health advocate and animal lover. “When I discovered digestive enzymes and the difference it made for our rescued husky, I was hooked and I knew we had to get the word out!” The couple set out to build awareness and consumer demand for better products and services.

Cox agrees. “It has truly been a team effort. And when I see how many great products and services are out there now and how many people visit our website for information, it’s so gratifying. It feels like we’ve accomplished what we set out to do.” Now, let’s take a trip down memory lane with a look back at some of our favorite Animal Wellness covers! Founders Dana Cox, Tim Hockley and Sabrina, who started it all (circa 1999).

It was a struggle at first. “I would go to trade shows and people loved what we were doing, says Hockley. “But we had strict criteria for advertising and honestly, not that many companies fit the bill. We were operating on a shoestring.” While the term “Animal Wellness” is now widely used, at the time it was unknown. “When I came up with the magazine’s name, it was pretty unusual,” laughs Cox. “Some of our friends were really rolling their eyeballs.” The animalwellnessmagazine.com website and social media soon followed and a full-on education platform was born. The Animal Wellness Academy is the most recent addition. “We’re so excited to be celebrating 25 years – that’s pretty rare!” comments Hockley. “But I think it’s because we’re dedicated to high quality education and we’ve been fortunate to work with some of the top experts in the industry, along with a great core team.”

is ranked the #1 Pet Magazine in the world! www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

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ENDOCRINE HEALTH

The MOST COMMON ENDOCRINE DISEASES in dogs and cats — part 2 BY JUDY MORGAN, DVM, CVA, CVCP, CVFT

From diabetes to Addison’s disease, a variety of disorders can affect your dog or cat’s endocrine system. This two-part article looks at the most common endocrine diseases affecting our animal companions.

Your dog or cat’s endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones to affect her body in various ways. The glands of the endocrine system regulate a range of functions, including metabolism, hair growth, muscle strength, digestion, and reproduction. Like other systems of the body, your dog or cat’s endocrine system can develop several common disorders. The first part of this article (AW V26I1, Winter 2023) covered hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and Cushing’s disease. Now let’s take a look at Addison’s disease and diabetes.

ADDISON’S DISEASE (HYPOADRENOCORTICISM) Addison’s disease is more common in dogs, but can affect cats as well. In this condition, the adrenal gland does not produce enough cortisol and/or mineralocorticoids (hormones that regulate salt and water balance). Middleaged female poodles are most affected, although it can be seen in almost any breed. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, kidney failure, muscle weakness, tremors, and collapse. When in crisis, these animals need to be treated immediately or face certain death. Electrolyte imbalances, including high potassium levels, will slow the heart rate and can cause it to stop. Causes of Addison’s include autoimmune disease, in which the body attacks the adrenal glands, or the overuse of

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steroids for treating other diseases. Constant stress and bombardment with dietary and environmental toxins can cause the adrenal glands to shut down. Fast fact: The best way to prevent Addison’s disease is by avoiding stresses on the immune system. Wherever possible, avoid situations like boarding or crowded events.

Treatment • A healthy, species-appropriate diet with no artificial preservatives, dyes, or chemicals; include secreting organs such as liver, kidney, and spleen in the diet. • Minimal vaccinations, medications, and parasiticides, which all stress the immune system. • Glandular products, antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), and herbals help keep the immune system in the best shape possible. • Colostrum and medicinal mushrooms (Reishi, Maitake, Cordyceps, Chaga) support the immune system.

DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes occurs when the body cannot use glucose normally. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body's cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are primarily controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. Without insulin, the sugar stays in the blood and is useless to the cells. Risk factors associated with diabetes include sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diets high in carbohydrates, and concurrent diseases such as pancreatitis and Cushing’s disease. Female dogs are twice as likely to be diabetic as male dogs, while male cats are 1.5 times as likely to be diabetic as females. Fast fact: Symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst and urination, weight loss, dry coat with dandruff, recurring skin and urinary tract infections, cloudy eyes or cataracts, muscle atrophy, and weakness.

In advanced stages, symptoms include lack of appetite, vomiting, a sweet odor to the breath, ketones in the urine indicating ketoacidosis, dehydration, and weight loss. Diabetic neuropathy can affect the hind limbs; the dog or cat will walk flat-footed on her hind legs.

Treatment • Once a pet is diagnosed as diabetic, treatment will generally involve daily injections of insulin. The goal is to administer enough insulin to drive the glucose into the cells to be utilized as energy, but not so much that the blood sugar drops too low. The brain is very dependent on glucose for its nutrition, so any changes in mental state could mean low blood sugar. Symptoms of low blood sugar include tremors, weakness, seizures, and coma. If you suspect your dog or cat is suffering from low blood sugar, offer food or sugar water on the gums. Low blood sugar is an emergency. It is important to monitor blood sugar levels often when your animal is first diagnosed. Glucometers can be purchased for monitoring at home; your veterinarian can instruct you on obtaining blood samples. There are also glucose-monitoring devices that can be attached to your animal — these make it easier for dog or cat parents to monitor diabetic control at home.

• A diet that promotes ideal blood glucose levels is also important. It should be low in starch, since starch breaks down to sugar and increases the “glycemic” or sugar load. Diets high in meat, along with insoluble fiber and low-glycemic vegetable matter, will help keep blood sugar well maintained. Raw or freeze-dried diets generally work very well for dogs and cats; canned low-glycemic foods would be another option if they will not eat raw or freeze-dried food. Avoid any foods that contain added sugar or those that fall into the semimoist category. Keep in mind that your animal’s body will thrive on routine, preventing spikes and drops in blood sugar, so he should be fed every 12 hours. If he will not eat or is vomiting, check with your veterinarian before giving him an insulin injection, if he’s on insulin. Fast fact: Having slightly high blood sugar for a day or two is much better than a drop in blood sugar that results in hypoglycemia.

Your dog or cat’s endocrine system is a vital, multifaceted system that impacts many other organs and systems of his body. An understanding of the most common diseases that can affect his endocrine system, along with their symptoms and integrative treatment options, is a crucial part of his overall healthcare regimen.

Be sure to work with a veterinarian If you suspect your dog or cat might have one of the endocrine disorders discussed in this article, it’s vital to take her to a holistic or integrative veterinarian for a proper diagnosis, and to follow his or her guidance when it comes to treatment. Do not give your dog or cat any new supplement or remedy without first discussing it with your vet.

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MORRIS ANIMAL FOUNDATION — We are a global leader in supporting studies to find solutions to serious health threats to animals. Since our founding, we’ve invested more than $136 million in 2,780+ studies that have improved the health and quality of life for dogs, cats, horses, and wildlife around the world. We believe animals make the world a better place. Animals are our family members, our companions, and our inspiration. Whether we work on staff, serve as board members, or volunteer as scientific advisers, each of us strives every day to make the world a brighter place for animals — and those who love them.

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SHIRLEY SCOTT — Internationally known Animal Communicator & Clairvoyant connects with your pets here or in spirit. She reads emotional/behavior/health problems, provides classes & workshops in a nimal communication & training. (541) 577-3051, sscott@shirley-scott.com, www.shirley-scott.com

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