Columns
CONTENTS Summer 2024
10 STAYING ACTIVE
4 fun fitness activities that get your dog ready for summer
These fun fitness activities will help your dog stay in tiptop condition, so he can move into the summer with ease!
Features 14
24 36
Want to feed your dog or cat a raw diet?
E xploring the benefits — and busting the myths — about raw diets for dogs and cats.
ow to transform your dog’s H crate into a “Zen zone”
Many dogs fear their crates because they associate them with negative experiences. Find out how to turn your dog’s crate into a peaceful, Zen-like environment she’ll love.
anine rehabilitation — how C it can help your dog The expanding field of canine rehabilitation offers a variety of standard and cutting-edge therapies to help injured or older dogs regain their mobility and quality of life.
40 dog smarter
6 games that can make your Raise your dog's IQ with fun brain games and exercises that encourage her to think and learn.
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Animal Wellness
Why is routine so important to your cat?
Learn why cats need a regular routine, and how you can help your kitty feel more secure during times of transition in your household.
18 CANINE
48 ANIMAL
Canine cognitive dysfunction: could your dog be affected?
How Tui Na helps keep your dog’s aches and pain at bay
COGNITION
82
42 KITTY LIFESTYLE
Behavioral changes such as disorientation or incontinence can be signs of canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD). Learn how to recognize and treat it.
20 CANINE
BODYWORK
Also referred to as acupressure-massage therapy, Tui Na is very effective at resolving the aches and pains associated with musculoskeletal conditions in dogs.
BEHAVIOR
50 CANINE HELPERS
Dogs can display ADHD-like signs such as hyperactivity and inattention. What causes these behaviors, can they be compared to human ADHD, and how is the disorder managed?
Prison dog programs are not only helping offenders turn their lives around – they’re also giving a second chance to dogs in need.
Hyperactivity in dogs — is it the same as ADHD?
28 FEET FIRST
Caring for paw wounds in your dog
Paw wounds are common, especially during the summer when your dog is outside a lot. It’s important to know how to care for these injuries — promptly and properly.
34 FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Yak cheese — could it be your dog’s next favorite chew? You may not have heard of yak cheese yet, but it’s becoming popular as a healthy chew for dogs.
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How dogs are transforming the lives of prison inmates
53 DOGS IN
THE MOVIES
Arthur the King celebrates the humancanine bond
A true story of friendship between an adventure racer and a street dog.
54 HEALING
INSIDE & OUT
How to help your dog recover from spay/ neuter surgery
Spay/neuter surgery can be stressful and uncomfortable for your dog, so proper post-op care is essential for a smooth and speedy recovery.
56 AT THE SHELTER How do animal shelters prepare for emergencies?
Whether it’s a burst pipe or a wildfire, animal shelters need to be ready to respond to emergencies at a moment’s notice.
64 SAFETY FIRST
Heat stroke in dogs — what you need to know
Summers seem to be getting hotter, which means you need to be more vigilant than ever at protecting your dog from heat stroke.
66 AGING WELL
58 EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
Is your dog stressed — or depressed?
7 ways to improve your senior dog’s twilight years
Dogs are prone to stress and depression. Knowing how and why these issues manifest, and the differences between them, will help you better understand your dog’s behavior.
Senior dogs need extra care and attention in order to stay happy and healthy as long as possible. This guide helps you do the same for your own beloved old companion.
62 VETERINARY
Asthma in cats — why an integrative approach is the best option
PROFESSIONALS
Veterinary behaviorists — who are they and how can they help your dog?
You’ve probably heard about veterinary behaviorists, but may not be sure what they do. Learn more about these professionals and how they can help dogs with behavior problems.
68 FELINE HEALTH
Asthma in cats is caused by allergic inflammation. An integrative approach to treatment that combines conventional and alternative therapies is often the most successful.
72 FELINE
NUTRITION
Probiotics and prebiotics: keys to your cat’s digestive health
Cats have sensitive digestive systems that can easily get pushed out of balance. Here’s how probiotics and prebiotics may help bring your kitty’s gut back into equilibrium.
74 GOLDEN YEARS Understanding aging in your dog or cat
We talk a lot about aging, but what exactly does it mean? And how can you make aging as graceful and pain-free as possible for your dog and cat?
78 MOBILITY MATTERS
How an integrative approach helps dogs with CCLD
Adding alternative therapies such as acupuncture, laser therapy and stem cell therapy to the treatment plan for a dog with CCLD increases his chances of recovery.
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82 SPOTLIGHT
64
Milo and the Monarchs Meet Milo the Toller — a social media favorite who loves butterflies.
Departments 8 From the Editor
61 In the News
27 Business Profile — buddi
77 Let's Get Social
45 Newsworthy
81 Marketplace
46 Product Picks
81 Classifieds
Social Media
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50
Tips, contests and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine
Nutrition videos, recipes and more! Animal Wellness Magazine
Tips, pet photos, and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine
Crafts, laughs, and more! AnimalWellness
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ANIMAL
For a long, healthy life!
WELLNESS VOLUME 26 ISSUE 3
EDITORIAL/CREATIVE DEPARTMENT:
Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Senior Content Editor: Ashley Tonkens Senior Content Editor: Belinda Rose-Innes Graphic Design Lead: Ethan Vorstenbosch Graphic Designer: Joy Sunga Web Design & Development: Libby Sinden Cover Photo Photographer: Rita Kochmarjova
COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS:
Sally E. Bahner Karen Elizabeth Baril Jen Bennett Claudia Bensimoun Christine Caplan, CVT Nicholas Dodman, BVMS, DACVA, DACVB Sharon Elber Lynne Fedorick Vivien Fellegi Theresa W. Fossum, DVM, MS. PhD, Diplomate ACVS Jodie Gruenstern, DVM, CVA Jennifer Hinders Janice Huntingford, DVM, MS-TCVM, DACVSMR, CVA, CVPP, CCRT CAVCA Anna Killinger Angie Krause, DVM, CVA, CCRT Erin Mullen Sandra Murphy Okusaga Omoleye Miraida Rivera-Viera, DVM Myles Shane Amy Snow Gretchen Uhrinek Ayse Washington, DVM, CCRP, CVMMP Tonya Wilhelm Nancy Zidonis
ADMINISTRATION & SALES:
President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden Subscription Services: Simone Beimbrink Customer Satisfaction Coordinator: Rebecca Veigas HR/Finance: Rosme Mandal
SUBMISSIONS:
ON THE COVER You can tell this dog is happy as well as healthy! Paying attention to the mental and emotional wellbeing of your animal companion is just as important as taking care of his physical health, and can make a huge difference to his behavior. Turn the page to find out how you can help your best friend feel as good as this guy does.
Please email all editorial material to Ann Brightman, Managing Editor, at ann@ redstonemediagroup.com. We welcome previously unpublished articles and color pictures either in jpeg or tif at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used. We reserve the right to publish all letters received. You can also mail submissions to: Animal Wellness Magazine, Redstone Media Group, 266 Charlotte St., Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2V4, Phone: 705-741-0817.
AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
Please direct other correspondence to info@redstonemediagroup.com.
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TO SUBSCRIBE:
Subscription price at time of this issue is $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, including taxes for four issues shipped via surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com Phone: (866) 764-1212 ext 115 US Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, Redstone Media Group, 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Centennial, CO 80122 CDN Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, Redstone Media Group, 266 Charlotte St., Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2V4, Phone: 705-741-0817 Subscriptions are payable by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, check or money order. The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers. Refund policy: call or write our customer service department and we will refund unmailed issues.
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Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published four times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2024. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: May 2024. proudly supporting
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Animal Wellness
CANADA
FROM THE EDITOR
Focus on
behavior
Our husky/shepherd cross, Sasha, had a rough start in life. After being seized by the SPCA, she spent four months at a local shelter before we saw her and brought her home. She had been starved and emotionally abandoned by her previous family, but was such a happy, loving soul. After a few weeks with us, we thought Sasha was ready to be left alone for a short period. But when we returned home to find the contents from the bathroom garbage containers strewn around the house, it became clear this was not the case! While we worked on Sasha’s separation anxiety, we also came up with a routine she could depend on. We re-did our mudroom to make more space, and when we went out, we would leave dog treats and a chew toy on her bed in the mudroom, simultaneously telling her: “We’ll be back.” (We used positive training to get Sasha to understand we would actually be coming back through the mudroom door). With the door shut,
she was safe and so was the rest of the house! It worked really well for years.
cognitive dysfunction and the signs to watch for as your pooch gets older.
Behavior issues like this can be a challenge for many dog and cat parents. It’s always important to start with a vet check to make sure your best friend doesn’t have an underlying illness or injury — but often, “acting out” is caused by stress, anxiety, depression, or as in Sasha’s case, past neglect or abuse. So it’s important to find out what’s troubling your companion in order to end the unwanted behaviors, whether it’s a dog acting aggressively, or a cat peeing outside the litter box.
Speaking of seniors, we offer an article on aging in dogs and cats, along with some simple tips on making life as simple and stress-free as possible as your canine buddy gets older. And you’ll want to find out what canine rehabilitation can do for your dog, whether he’s a senior with achy joints, or a younger dog recovering from an injury or operation.
Start by reading up on the role of veterinary behaviorists, with a comprehensive look at what these individuals do and when your dog might benefit from seeing one. Renowned veterinary behaviorist, Dr. Nicholas Dodman, talks about stress and depression in dogs, and how to tell the difference. You’ll also find an article on ADHD-related behaviors in dogs, and learn about canine
This issue is packed with more fantastic summer reading! Check out the advantages of a raw diet; find out how to turn your dog’s crate into a “Zen zone”; or play some IQ-boosting games that can help make your dog smarter. We also explore why routine is so important to cats, and how a holistic approach to feline asthma can help your kitty breathe easier.
Dana Cox Editor-in-Chief
Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine 8
Animal Wellness
CONTRIBUTORS Veterinarian Dr. Nicholas Dodman is board-certified by the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists and the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists. He is Professor Emeritus at Tufts University and CEO of the not-for-profit website Center for Canine Behavior Studies. Dr. Dodman is one of the world’s most celebrated veterinary behaviorists. He has written five bestselling books, two textbooks, and over 300 articles and contributions to scientific books and journals. p. 58 Veterinarian Dr. Theresa Fossum is a board-certified veterinary surgeon, and author of the textbook Small Animal Surgery. She is the CEO and Founder of Dr. Fossum’s Pet Care, which develops products for companion animals. Dr. Fossum also founded Epic Veterinary Specialists, LLC which is building unique specialty veterinary hospitals in Arizona. p. 18 Veterinarian Dr. Jodie Gruenstern graduated from UW-Madison in 1987. She is a certified veterinary acupuncturist and food therapist by the Chi Institute; former Vice-President of the VMAA and a member of the AHVMA and AzVMA. Dr. Jodie authored Live with Your Pet in Mind, and is a nationally-renowned speaker, writer, and pet product formulator (docjodie.com, docjodie@ docjodie.com). p. 14 Veterinarian Dr. Janice Huntingford is a graduate of the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario. She is certified in chiropractic, acupuncture, rehabilitation and pain management. She is the owner of Essex Animal Hospital, Canine Rehab and Fitness in Essex, Ontario, a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, and a consultant for the VIN Rehab/Sports Medicine/Chronic Pain board. p. 36 Veterinarian Dr. Angie Krause graduated from Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine in 2007. She incorporates holistic modalities into her practice, has a love for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Physical Medicine, and offers laser therapy, myofascial release, physical therapy, nutrition, and more. Dr. Angie has a house call practice called Boulder Holistic Vet (BoulderHolisticVet.com). p. 68 Veterinarian Miraida Rivera-Viera own PetLives Consulting LLC in Atlanta, GA. She received her DVM from St. George’s University in Grenada, WI, with clinical training at Cornell University. Dr. Rivera educates herself in multiple alternative modalities to offer the best medicine to her patients. Her strong passion for holistic veterinary medicine led her to pursue studies in veterinary acupuncture at the Chi Institute in Florida. p. 78 Veterinarian Dr. Ayse Washington is a graduate of Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine. Her current focus is on holistic and functional medicine. She has studied acupuncture, and is certified in Medical Manipulation and Rehabilitation. Dr. Washington works in Windham, NH, using tools such as stem cell, ozone and hydrogen therapies to create integrative treatment plans for patients in need of advanced care. p. 74 Sally Bahner specializes in cat-related issues, specifically behavior, nutrition, and holistic care. She is author of The Art of Raising a Kitten. Sally is an award-winning member of the Cat Writers’ Association and the Society of Professional Journalists, and a supporting member of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants. p. 72 Karen Elizabeth Baril is a pet blogger, author, and magazine writer. Her work has appeared in numerous animal and equine publications (karenelizabethbaril.com). She lives on her farm in the northwestern hills of Connecticut with her three horses, two dogs, and whatever animals may trundle through during the night. p. 40 Claudia Bensimoun is a freelance writer in West Palm Beach who specializes in writing about dogs and horses. p. 58
Christine Caplan is a Certified Vet Tech, and long-time PR veteran and content marketing expert who brings her unique understanding of social and digital media to connect dog lovers to brands both on and offline. (mylifewithdogspdx.com). p. 62 Lynne Fedorick has been a professional dog trainer at Go Dog Go! Dog Training (mydoggeek.com) for nearly 30 years. When she isn't helping people get the best out of their dogs, she writes dog training books and articles. Lynne lives, works, and travels extensively with her two pointers, Jolene and Annabelle. p. 10 Vivien Fellegi is a former MD-turned-journalist who writes about the humananimal bond, music, and social issues. She’s the proud owner of a tabby cat, Lilly, who loves to purr on her chest and set her ribs vibrating. p. 50 Jennifer Hinders is a freelance writer, editor and dog lover who lives in Fairfax, Virginia (jhinders.com). p. 64 Anna Killinger is a former university professor and researcher in the field of Sustainability and Human Attitudes toward Animals. Being an Adoption Counselor at a local Humane Society enabled her to see how feline behavior changes in various environments. She takes care of four cats including Amour, a Lynx Point Siamese who flew with her from Calgary to Omaha when he was five months old. p. 42 Erin Mullen is a freelance writer and entrepreneur living in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Saint Vincent College and enjoys spending her free time in the outdoors with her boxers, Emma and Elsa. p. 28 Myles Shane is a true lover of animals. He had two dogs while growing up in Winnipeg, and now has a dog and cat. Over the last decade, Myles has been very involved in the media. He has written and produced for film and television and has written for many high quality magazines across North America. p. 20 Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis are the authors of ACU-DOG: A Guide to Canine Acupressure, ACU-CAT: A Guide to Feline Acupressure, and ACU-HORSE: A Guide to Equine Acupressure. They founded Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Resources, which offers books, manuals, online training courses, DVDs, apps, meridian charts, consulting, and many more acupressure learning tools and opportunities (animalacupressure.com; tallgrass@ animalacupressure.com). p. 48 Gretchen Uhrinek is a writer and editor in Pittsburgh, PA. Rescuing a senior dog is the best decision she's ever made. p. 34 Tonya Wilhelm is a dog training and cat care specialist who promotes positive ways to prevent and manage behavior issues. One of the top ten dog trainers in the US, she has helped thousands build happy relationships with their dogs using humane, positive methods. She wrote Proactive Puppy Care; offers dog training classes; provides training and behavior services; and does workshops at pet expos (raisingyourpetsnaturally.com). p. 24 Sharon Elber is a professional dog trainer with over 15 years of experience (gentledogtrainers.com.au). She also holds a Master's in Science and Technology. p. 66 Sandra Murphy lives in St Louis, Missouri. When she's not writing, she works as a pet sitter. p. 56 Omoleye Okusaga is studying veterinary medicine at a university in Nigeria. He is also a freelance pet writer, and has two dogs of his own. p. 54
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STAYING ACTIVE
FUN FITNESS ACTIVITIES O GET T YOUR DOG
READY FOR SUMMER by Lynne Fedorick
These fun fitness activities will help your dog stay in tiptop condition, so he can move into the summer with ease! Hiking, jogging, swimming, and playing fetch are just a few things you may be doing with your dog this summer. But jumping into them too quickly can lead to injuries such as torn ligaments, especially if your dog hasn’t developed enough strength, flexibility, and overall fitness prior to engaging in them. Check out four fitness activities you can do with your dog that will help get him super-fit and summer-ready — all while having fun and boosting your bond with one another!
1. • TUG AND DROP
Back in the dark ages of dog training, people were warned against playing “tug” with their dogs. The reasoning was that it would encourage dogs to try to dominate their humans. However, this is just another example of people over-thinking simple canine behavior. As it turns out, “tug” offers a wealth of benefits that include building the dog-human bond, developing self-control, and helping build overall fitness. Also, because “tug” is such a reinforcing game, you can use it to reward behaviors you like.
Who’s it for? Most dogs can play “tug and drop” safely. They love it, and it’s a fun way to engage with your dog. However, it’s not a good choice for dogs with dental issues or unaddressed resource guarding issues.
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th l a e w a s r e ff o “ Tug” t a h t s it f e n e b f o include… The rules
ol, and tr n o c lf e s g in p lo e v de ss. e n it f ll a r e v o d il u b helping
•
Emphasis should be put on teaching the “drop” cue, so alternate the “tug” and “drop”, beginning with treats as a reward for the drop, then verbally cuing the drop and rewarding that. The next step is the use of tug play, rather than treats, to reward the drop.
•
Minimize risk of injury by ensuring the tug movement is always slow, back and forth and side to side. Never tug up and down or you’ll risk injuring your dog’s neck.
•
If your dog’s teeth contact your hand, even accidentally, give a drop cue and reset the game.
•
Toys for this game should be designed specifically for tugging, and include rope toys.
•
It doesn’t matter who wins or loses the toy — the essence of “tug and drop” is a spirit of fun and cooperative back and forth play.
• STABILITY BALL EXERCISES 3.
Stability balls offer an enjoyable and challenging way to add to your dog’s fitness program. Stability balls provide a low impact workout. One of the best things about using a stability ball for balance work is that it gives your dog just enough challenge to keep him interested and having fun. He won’t even know he’s strengthening his core muscles and building body awareness! Most dogs will be able to do balancing exercises with their front paws on a stabilized stability ball, fitness peanut, or bosu ball, but if your dog has a history of injury, be sure to consult with your veterinarian before beginning ball balancing.
Important tips
Photo courtesy of Sit Stay Squat (sitstaysquat.ca)
•
Choose the appropriate size and shape of stability ball for your dog. Bigger is better. Peanuts are suitable for large dogs, while small dogs will benefit from a half (bosu) ball.
•
Whatever stability ball you choose, be sure to stabilize it with a purpose-built ball stabilizer or pedestals.
•
Work on a low-impact surface for easy landings when your dog comes off.
•
Be sure to help small dogs and puppies down from larger stability balls.
•
Take baby steps, with on-off alternation. Start by luring your dog to put two paws on the ball for just a second or two, then increase the length of time by just another second or two at time. After your dog is really good at balancing with two paws on the ball, increase the challenge and reward for three or four paws on.
•
Keep sessions short and fun.
2. • DOGGY YOGA
Everything is more fun when our dogs are involved, and yoga is no exception! Doggy yoga (also called “doga”) includes fitness exercises for both dogs and humans. It involves a series of mindful poses that help both doggy yoginis and their humans maintain focus and build muscle while improving flexibility and balance. Perhaps most importantly, almost any dog or puppy can safely do many of the low to noimpact doga poses.
•
“Expect to do plenty of traditional yoga exercises, except in doga class you will be guiding your dog to jump over, crawl under, and circle around you while you hold the poses,” says Sarah Keller, a canine fitness expert and certified fitness coach. A growing number of fitness centers offer doga nowadays, and you and your dog can even take online classes.
Photo courtesy of Lynne Fedorick
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• PING-PONG RECALL 4.
This is a fast-paced game that gets your dog racing back and forth between two people. Not only is it a fun way for him to burn off energy with aerobic exercise, but it also helps him learn to come running when called. Here’s how to play: •
Start in a low-distraction environment, with your dog dragging a leash attached to the back attachment of a harness. You may need to use the leash to get your dog back on course if he happens to get distracted.
•
This game requires two people — we’ll call them Handler 1 and Handler 2. Each should have 10 to 15 tiny, delicious treats in their hands.
•
The handlers stand six feet apart to start with, and increase their distance one step at a time as the dog gets practice. This makes it super easy for the dog to learn the game before he has to put real effort in.
•
Handler 1 holds the dog close on the leash. Handler 2 calls the dog encouragingly and Handler 1 immediately drops the leash.
•
When the dog gets to Handler 2, he gets enthusiastic praise and a treat.
•
As soon as the dog swallows the treat, while he’s still a bit distracted, Handler 1 calls him, doing everything she can to convey: “Hey, the party’s over here!” At this point, she might even need to slap her legs, or move rapidly away with “chase me” vibes. When the dog reaches her, he gets a treat and excited praise. Then Handler 2 calls the dog.
•
After each handler has successfully called the dog twice, the distance between them increases one step to add challenge.
•
Repeat until there are no more treats!
Getting your dog into peak condition for the summer will help minimize the risk of injuries. While regular walks are an essential part of his exercise regimen, engaging in these fun activities can help increase his fitness level while improving your bond and enhancing good behavior.
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Animal Wellness
SEE THE VET FIRST It’s a good idea to take your dog to the veterinarian for a health check before you start him on any fitness program. Your vet has a trained eye and can spot injuries even if your dog is good at hiding them. Age, breed, and weight will also affect what he’s capable of doing safely, so your vet may have some recommendations to complement your dog's fitness plan. Once you’ve done this, you’ll have a better idea of the best exercises for your dog’s unique needs.
e’s h w o n k n e v e ’t n He wo s e l c s u m e r o c is h strengthening y awareness! and building bod
WANT TO FEED YOUR DOG OR CAT A RAW DIET? by Jodie Gruenstern, DVM, CVA
Exploring the benefits — and busting the myths — about raw diets for dogs and cats.
Raw diets offer many nutritional benefits to our dogs and cats. Unfortunately, there are also a lot of myths surrounding this type of feeding. Recognizing the misinformation and confronting it is often the first step. The next is learning how to safely and successfully switch your dog or cat to a raw diet.
TOP 6 MYTHS ABOUT RAW FOOD FOR DOGS AND CATS
D gs Cats 2. “ Raw meat diets are unsafe due to bacteria like Salmonella or E. coli.” False! There are three reasons why raw meat diets are
typically safer than commercial diets when it comes to bacterial contamination: •
The high-pressure pasteurization utilized by many raw diet manufacturers destroys pathogenic bacteria in the products while leaving nutrition intact.
•
The fermentation of raw food crowds out bad bacteria while highly desirable bacteria flourish.
•
Livestock raised in reduced stress environments shed less pathogenic bacteria. Small raw diet manufacturers are a conscientious group who try to provide happily-raised and fresh-slaughtered meat sources in their products. You will not see the term “meal” on raw food labels, because it refers to rendered rather than fresh-slaughtered meat.
1. “Raw meat diets are not balanced.” False! A raw diet can provide balance over time by including
the proportions of meat, bone, organs, and vegetation found in prey animals. It is not necessary that every single meal be scientifically manipulated; in fact, it can even be detrimental. Most commercial raw diet analyses meet currently accepted standards, while recipes for home preparation can be formulated using nutritional calculators, or with the guidance of a boarded nutritionist or holistic veterinarian. Balancing your dog or cat’s diet using fresh, whole foods is preferable to balancing it with synthetic ingredients.
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Animal Wellness
3. “Carnivores need grains to prevent heart disease.”
6. “Feeding raw food causes diarrhea.” False! Whenever new nutrients enter the digestive system, one
False! Cats in particular are strict carnivores. They thrive best
can experience a “cleanse.” Indeed, health-minded people cleanse or detox on purpose. A dog or cat cleansing on your carpet can be objectionable, however, which is why we change diets slowly. I warn clients that a cleanse could occur when transitioning a dog or cat to any new diet.
In the same way, dogs will receive an abundance of taurine by eating uncooked meat, although they can also manufacture their own taurine by consuming methionine and cysteine, which is present in a variety of plants.
Once you transition successfully, however, your companion will produce small, firm stools. That’s because there is little to no waste and often significant amounts of ground bone in raw diets. This is normal and desirable. If the stool is too firm and difficult to expel, you can add fiber such as pumpkin or green beans to each meal.
on meat which, when uncooked, contains taurine, a vital amino acid needed to prevent heart disease. Cooking meat destroys taurine. Interestingly, the heart muscle of a mouse contains among the highest levels of taurine.
4. “Sick animals must eat veterinary prescription diets to recover and maintain health.” False! Holistic veterinarians counsel their clients to provide a
fresh species-appropriate diet, with alterations, to assist with disease management. In my practice, I teach how to implement a “nitrogen trap” consisting of cooked, blended, dark leafy greens and probiotics. This “grabs” the nitrogenous waste in the gut and removes it via the stool so it does not build up in the blood stream and cause distress to the liver or kidneys. These same greens and probiotics are beneficial to the gut as antioxidants and immune system enhancement, and benefit patients compromised with autoimmune disease or cancer. Appropriate added vegetation also manipulates urinary pH and treats dogs and cats prone to crystalluria.
5. “ Veterinarians know best what to feed your dog or cat, and do not recommend raw food.” False! Conventional academia continues to provide
veterinarians with limited short-sighted nutrition education. Allopathic doctors are unfamiliar with the benefits of feeding fresh food and continue to promote processed foods that contribute to health problems such as inflammatory bowel disease and urinary tract disease. Holistic veterinarians seek nutritional education beyond what school offers. They travel the world to learn from experienced mentors and unconventional resources about why and how to implement raw feeding. These veterinarians do recommend fresh food diets, including frozen, freeze-dried, or balanced home-prepared diets. We can cite case after case of miraculous improvement in our patients when we changed a dog or cat’s diet from processed to raw.
MAKING THE SWITCH TO RAW FOOD •
The time it takes to transition your dog or cat to a raw diet depends on their response to the new food.
•
If your dog or cat loves the food and there is no vomiting or diarrhea, the transition may occur in three to seven days.
•
If your companion is “addicted” to the carbohydrates in the existing processed food, suspicious of dietary change, or sensitive to a particular new protein, the transition may be more difficult. Finicky animals, especially cats, can take 21 days to convert. Be patient and persistent.
•
Monitor your dog or cat’s appetite and stool production.
•
Assure that adequate calories are consumed daily, especially by cats, who are prone to fatty liver disease.
•
Use nutritional “tools” to help with the switch, such as foods you know your animal likes. These may include toppers, mix-ins, or “people food” such as canned sardines, bone broth (with no onions), etc.
•
Add something hot to cold thawed food — freshlycaught prey animals are warm, not cold. Repetitive feeding of cold food damages “stomach Yin” from an Asian food therapy perspective.
•
Don’t make the food soupy as too much water can dilute stomach acids and impede proper digestion.
•
Do not feed too much at a time and prevent your dog or cat from eating too fast. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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HOW TO SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENT A RAW DIET •
Select several brands of high quality frozen or freezedried raw foods, or learn how to home-prepare. If you’re going the latter route, make sure to seek the guidance of someone who is experienced with implementing balanced, home-prepared diet for dogs and cats. The most common home-prep error is creating a recipe that’s devoid of calcium and organs and repeating it over and over.
•
Do not cook the food — cooking meat creates heterocyclic amines that behave as carcinogens. It also destroys nutrients and causes a loss of balance from the initial preyconcept diet.
•
Add a probiotic/enzyme supplement to your dog or cat’s current food to aid with the transition (see sidebar on previous page). My favorite is a sprouted seed supplement that provides an amazing array of whole food-sourced vitamins, minerals, enzymes, Omega fatty acids, and millions of probiotics. Read ingredient labels to avoid synthetic additions such as mineral proteinates. These are hidden sources of soy protein, which is typically GMO and contains glyphosate, a potential carcinogen and antibiotic.
•
Clean bowls, work surfaces, and your hands after every meal. This is good common-sense practice.
•
To start, repeat a particular protein to assess for sensitivity, then include plenty of variety in your dog or cat’s meals. Variety helps avoid the unintentional repetition of an excess or deficiency of any particular nutritent/s. Keep in mind that no food is perfect unless a carnivore has access to its natural prey and is foraging in the wild. Do your research and choose a couple of trusted companies. Then choose two to four different proteins from each company, test each on your dog or cat, and then rotate frequently!
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Animal Wellness
•
Add fiber as needed. An appropriate amount of pumpkin, green beans or other green blend can balance stool production and create a stool that is firm yet comfortable to pass, aids with proper anal gland expression, and is easy to pick up.
•
If your dog or cat has an existing illness, as discussed earlier, add warmed, blended greens and probiotics to create a “nitrogen trap” to replace vet-recommended prescription diets, especially for animals with liver or kidney issues, or cancer. Use added veggies to manipulate urinary pH as needed for animals prone to urinary crystal formation. Work with a holistic veterinarian who has experience using balanced, fresh, species-appropriate diets to manage disease.
The final step is to watch your dog or cat enjoy his or her food! Be prepared for energy levels to rise, and coat quality to improve. Have fun experimenting with different whole foods as treats to see what your animal loves the most — offer veggies, fruits, or freeze-dried organs, and learn how to incorporate raw bones. Just remember to avoid grapes, raisins, onions, macadamia nuts and chocolate, which are all toxic to dogs and cats. Also avoid starchy biscuits — the sugar in these products contributes to inflammation, poor oral health, obesity, diabetes, and cancer cell replication.
Once you’ve successfully transitioned your dog or cat to a raw diet, you can congratulate yourself for being an initiative-taking animal parent, and helping your best friend live a long, quality, natural life!
CANINE COGNITION
CANINE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION: could your dog be affected?
by Theresa W. Fossum, DVM, MS. PhD, Diplomate ACVS
Behavioral changes such as disorientation or incontinence can be signs of canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD). Learn how to recognize it, and how a combination of conventional and alternative therapies can help treat it. Does your dog ever show signs of disorientation or anxiety? Does he seem lost, or have more accidents in the house? He may have canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), a condition that mirrors the cognitive decline seen in humans with dementia, specifically Alzheimer’s disease. This article will help you understand the signs of CCD and why it occurs, and how an integrative approach helps both both treat and prevent it.
CAUSES AND PREVALENCE OF CCD CCD is characterized by the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins in the dog’s brain. This leads to the formation of plaques and, in turn, impaired cognitive function. The risk of developing CCD increases as dogs get older, with signs of cognitive decline potentially appearing as early as six years of age. Although larger breeds tend to exhibit symptoms at an earlier age than smaller breeds, the occurrence of CCD is not uniform across all dogs, with variations in onset, progression, and severity.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The behavioral and cognitive changes associated with CCD are multifaceted and can profoundly affect the dog’s quality of life. Symptoms include:
•
Anxiety
•
Aggression
•
Decreased interest in play
•
Impaired learning and memory
•
Repetitive behaviors
•
Aimless wandering.
These signs not only signal a decline in the dog’s cognitive abilities, but also pose challenges for his human family in managing his daily needs and maintaining a healthy human-animal bond.
AN INTEGRATIVE TREATMENT APPROACH TO CCD A combination of management strategies, medications, dietary changes, and environmental enrichment can slow the progression of CCD and improve the affected dog's quality of life. This integrative approach encompasses both traditional and alternative treatments. 1.
DIETARY CHANGES AND SUPPLEMENTS: Nutritional
2.
CHINESE HERBAL THERAPY: Traditional Chinese
interventions play a crucial role in managing CCD. Healthy diets rich in antioxidants, Omega-3 fatty acids, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and specific vitamins and minerals may support brain health and slow cognitive decline. Supplements such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), phosphatidylserine, and certain phytochemicals like curcumin have shown promise in clinical studies. Medicine, including the use of herbs like ginkgo biloba and ginseng, supports cognitive function in dogs with CCD. These treatments have gained attention for their potential to address cognitive impairment.
•
Disorientation
•
Sleep-wake cycle disturbances
•
Altered social interactions
between periodontal disease/
• •
Incontinence Changes in activity level
inflammation and cognitive
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Animal Wellness
There’s a reported relationship
decline in dogs.
HOW CCD COMPARES WITH ALZHEIMER’S The parallels between CCD and
Despite these similarities, there are
This difference suggests that while
Alzheimer's disease in humans are
notable differences in the progression
the underlying pathological processes
striking, and provide a framework
and impact of the disease in both
share similarities, the expression
for understanding how cognitive
species. Dogs with CCD often
and outcome of the disease can
decline manifests across species.
experience a milder form of cognitive
vary significantly between dogs and
Both conditions involve the buildup
dysfunction compared to the often
humans. The good news is that dogs
of similar neurotoxic proteins that
debilitating progression observed in
respond well to treatment.
disrupt normal brain function.
humans with Alzheimer’s.
“In my clinical practice, I've found remarkable success treating CCD by integrating conventional nutraceuticals with Chinese herbal supplements,” says Dr. Curtis Dewey, a renowned veterinary neurologist. 3.
MEDICATIONS: On the conventional side, drugs such as
selegiline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, aim to mitigate symptoms and enhance the dog’s cognitive abilities.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND SLOWING PROGRESSION Prevention is the best defense against CCD, with interventions focused on delaying the onset of cognitive decline. •
Maintaining proper dental care in your dog from an early age is one of the best prevention tactics — there’s a reported relationship between periodontal disease/ inflammation and cognitive decline in dogs.
•
Other strategies include engaging your dog in regular physical exercise, social interactions, cognitive training, and dietary management from middle age onwards.
•
The use of preventive supplements as outlined opposite, along with environmental enrichment (see right) and regular veterinary check-ups will help maintain your dog’s cognitive health and identify early signs of CCD.
Engaging your dog in mentally stimulating activities, such as puzzle toys, scent games, and interactive play, can enhance cognitive function and overall well-being.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT STRATEGIES In addition to medical interventions, environmental enrichment and lifestyle modifications are vital. Engaging your dog in mentally stimulating activities, such as puzzle toys, scent games, and interactive play, can enhance cognitive function and overall well-being. Tailoring these activities to your individual dog’s preferences and abilities ensures he remains engaged and mentally active.
SEE THE V ET Keep in mind that many symptoms of CCD can also signal other conditions. It’s always important to have your dog checked out by your veterinarian when and if you notice any changes in his behavior.
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ON CCD Understanding and managing CCD requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the physiological, emotional, and environmental needs of the aging dog. Early detection, individualized care, and ongoing support of the canine-human bond are all important considerations when moving through the challenges of cognitive decline. If your dog is ever affected by CCD, you and your veterinarian can work together to improve his quality of life by understanding its parallels to human dementia, recognizing the signs and symptoms, and implementing a combination of integrative treatment and preventive strategies. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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CANINE BEHAVIOR
ADHD?
by Myles Shane
Hyperactivity in dogs – is it the same as Dogs can display ADHD-like signs such as hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. What causes these behaviors, can they be compared to human ADHD, and how is the disorder managed?
We've come a long way in understanding behaviors related to focus and hyperactivity in humans. Gone are the days when children struggling to sit still and concentrate were unjustly labeled as less intelligent. We now recognize that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which affects approximately 4% of adult North Americans, is influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. Interestingly, dogs can also exhibit hyperactivity, along with impulsivity and inattention. How does this disorder compare to ADHD in humans, and how can is addressed and managed?
FLAG IT: R esearch indicates about 12% to 15% of dogs exhibit hyperactivity and impulsivity, while 20% show signs of inattention. As in humans, hyperactivity in dogs results from a combination of hereditary and environmental influences. Recent studies from the University of Helsinki have identified key environmental factors affecting ADHD-like behaviors in dogs — for example, it was found that dogs who spend a lot of time alone during the day were more likely to become hyperactive, impulsive and inattentive.
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Animal Wellness
EXPLORING ADHD-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN DOGS – INSIGHTS FROM RESEARCH To understand ADHD-like behavior in dogs, it’s essential to recognize the fundamental cognitive differences between humans and canines. "Dogs possess unique cognitive abilities, and their behavior is shaped by a multitude of factors, including genetics, breed predispositions [e.g. working dogs are more prone to hyperactivity], and environmental elements,” says Dr. Sarah Anderson, a veterinarian specializing in animal behavior. “Drawing direct parallels to human conditions requires caution.”
Let’s look at what the research has revealed so far: •
Genetic influences: In 2020, Dr. James Peterson, a geneticist
at the Canine Behavior Research Institute, published a groundbreaking study.
FLAG IT: Dr. Peterson’s research unveiled a specific gene — Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) — that’s linked to hyperactivity in certain dog breeds. " Genetics appears to play a substantial role in the development of ADHD-like traits in dogs,” he says. “These genetic insights offer potential avenues for further research and customized interventions." •
Environmental factors: Dr. Maria Rodriguez, an animal
behaviorist, delved into the impact of environmental factors on hyperactive dogs. Her 2017 study also looked at the importance of environmental enrichment. “Increased physical and mental stimulation, along with a structured routine, can be instrumental in mitigating hyperactivity and attention issues in dogs,” she notes. “A stimulating environment can profoundly influence canine behavior.ˮ
Is it hyperactivity or hyperkinesis? If your dog displays signs of hyperactivity, the first step is to consult a veterinarian to rule out the relatively rare behavioral disorder known as hyperkinesis. "Hyperkinetic dogs have a difficult time settling and appear to be aroused and distracted, even in calm environments," notes Dr. Burch. The causes of this disorder aren’t well understood, and the signs – which can include aggression, poor trainability, heightened sensitivity to noise, and excessive vocalization – can be confused with hyperactivity.
•
Behavioral training: Dr. Mark Collins, an expert in canine
behavior and training, conducted numerous studies on the efficacy of structured training and behavioral interventions on hyperactive dogs. “Training is a powerful tool in addressing canine hyperactivity and can lead to positive behavior outcomes,” he states.
FLAG IT: Positive reinforcement techniques and consistent routines can significantly improve attention and reduce hyperactivity in dogs, research shows.
MANAGING CANINE HYPERACTIVITY – PHYSICAL AND MENTAL STIMULATION IS KEY It’s crucial to note that not all hyperactive dogs can be classified as having “canine ADHD.” "Hyperactivity in dogs can result from a myriad of factors, including breed predisposition, inadequate exercise, insufficient training, or underlying medical conditions,” advises veterinary behaviorist, Dr. Susan Mitchell. “A comprehensive evaluation by a veterinarian or qualified animal behaviorist is essential to determine the root cause and develop a tailored treatment plan.ˮ Ensuring your dog receives adequate physical and mental stimulation is essential. According to Dr. Mary Burch, a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist, apparent behavioral problems in dogs can often be resolved through lifestyle adjustments involving increased attention and exercise. The question is, how can you determine if your dog is receiving sufficient exercise? “Some dogs may appear restless and hyperactive in their attempts to expend energy,” says Dr. Burch.
What about nutrition? The role of nutrition in canine behavior has been a subject of investigation for veterinary nutritionist, Dr. Laura Turner. Her 2019 research explored the impact of diet and supplementation on hyperactivity in dogs. "While further research is needed, our study hints at the potential for dietary adjustments to manage hyperactivity in dogs,” she says. “It underscores the interconnectedness of nutrition and behavior." Editor’s note: For more information on how nutrition can impact canine behavior, see animalwellnessmagazine.com/unwantedbehaviors-and-nutrition/. 22
Animal Wellness
However, restlessness is not the sole indicator. “Insufficient exercise can also lead to depression or agitation.” If any of these signs seem familiar, there are numerous steps you can take to provide your dog with the activity he needs. Engaging in dog sports is an excellent way to ensure he remains mentally and physically stimulated.
FLAG IT: Dog parents with working breeds, which are more prone to ADHD-like behaviors, can choose sports that tap into their breed-specific capacities, such as herding or earthdog. However, there's no need to limit your activities to breedspecific sports. “Active dogs can benefit from training and events of all types, including agility, dock diving, and disc dog, which offer active dogs the exercise they need to maintain calm behavior,” says Dr. Burch. If your lifestyle makes it challenging to provide your dog with adequate activity and attention, don't underestimate the effectiveness of a brisk exercise session before work; it can help calm your dog before a day of solitude. Other alternatives include having a neighbor or dog walker check in on him during the day, or taking him to a dog daycare facility. Our evolving understanding of both human and canine neurodiversity gives us a tremendous opportunity to support the unique mental and emotional needs of our canine companions. With adequate care, exercise and attention, hyperactive dogs of all breeds can lead happier, more stable lives.
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6 reasons to add M nnesota wild rice to your dog’s diet
Some grains, such as wild rice, have numerous health benefits for dogs, so they’re a great addition to prepared pet foods. Minnesota wild rice, in particular, is great for dogs. It’s a sustainable grain that’s highly nutritious, with a nutty flavor and more protein than other wild rice varieties. Here are six reasons to consider adding this healthy, tasty grain to your dog’s diet.
1. IS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN, FIBER, AND OTHER NUTRIENTS The vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, and micronutrients dogs require for good health come from their food. It’s important to choose diets made with healthy, whole foods like Minnesota wild rice. It’s rich in carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, magnesium, phosphorus, and antioxidants that support overall health and the immune system.
2. SUPPORTS DIGESTIVE HEALTH Fiber, such as that provided by Minnesota wild rice, is a necessary part of a dog’s diet. It promotes healthy digestion, regulates bowel movements, supports the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, helps regulate blood sugar spikes, supports heart health, and so much more.
3. HELPS WITH WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
6. ADDS VARIETY TO YOUR DOG’S DIET
Another benefit of fiber is it can help your pup maintain a healthy weight. Moreover, wild rice is lower in fat and calories than some other grains, so it can be a good choice for weight management.
Minnesota wild rice has a nutty flavor and chewy texture unlike the other foods your dog typically eats. By adding recipes with this ingredient to her diet, you can prevent her from getting bored with her food.
4. SUPPLIES ENERGY
TRY NEW HARVEST SELECTS RECIPES WITH MINNESOTA WILD RICE
Minnesota wild rice is a whole grain that’s chock-full of complex carbohydrates, which the body digests slowly, providing your dog with sustained energy for walks, playtime, and adventures.
5. IS A GOOD CHOICE FOR ALLERGIES AND SENSITIVITIES Wild rice is naturally gluten-free, making it a suitable choice for dogs with food sensitivities. Moreover, while allergies to white or brown rice do happen, wild rice is rarely listed as a trigger for food allergies.
Harvest Selects wet dog food recipes from NutriSource are meat-rich, proteindense recipes that feature whole foods like pumpkin, carrot, and Minnesota wild rice, as well as the Good 4 Life ingredients that promote gut health, skin and coat health, nutrient utilization, and brain function. They’re available in three irresistible recipes that make it easy to add Minnesota wild rice to your dog’s diet. nutrisourcepetfoods.com
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23
How to transform your dog’s crate into a
“Zen Zone” by Tonya Wilhelm
Many dogs fear their crates because they associate them with negative experiences. Find out how to turn your dog’s crate into a peaceful, Zen-like environment she’ll love to spend time in. Crate training is a valuable tool for shaping a well-behaved and happy dog. Not only can it help manage your dog during crazy family times, but it also provides her with a safe place in a variety of situations, from veterinary visits to traveling. When approached thoughtfully, a crate becomes more than just a confinement space; it transforms into a tranquil retreat where your dog seeks solace and relaxation. Let’s look at how you can turn your own dog’s crate into a “Zen zone”.
•
Wire crates: These are light, easy to collapse, and offer great ventilation, which makes them perfect for both indoor and outdoor use. However, you have to be careful your dog won’t chew the wire or get stuck in it. Strange things can and do happen.
•
Plastic crates: These create a cozy, den-like environment that many dogs find comforting. The downside is they don’t offer a lot of ventilation.
•
Wooden crates: If you're looking for something stylish, wooden crates are a great option. They blend into your home decor. However, your dog may find the wood appealing to chew on.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT CRATE Size: The first step to creating a peaceful sanctuary for your dog is to select the right size of crate for her. A crate should offer enough room for her to stand, turn around, and stretch out in comfortably. Avoid crates that will force your pup to sleep in awkward positions. Think comfort.
Tip: The right crate style will vary, depending on what your dog prefers and requires. You may find yourself purchasing a few different styles to meet different needs.
Conversely, an extra-large crate with lots of empty space inside may lead your dog to urinate or defecate in the corner, inadvertently encouraging undesirable elimination habits. Tip: Consider crates with dividers that allow for adjustments as your dog grows.
Style and material: Once you've determined the
appropriate crate size for your dog, consider the different styles and materials available. Each offers unique benefits and drawbacks.
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Animal Wellness
•
Mesh fabric crates: These are perfect for on-the-go situations. Their lightweight design makes them perfect for travel or outdoor adventures. Just be aware they may not be as durable as other crate options, and some dogs may be able to chew through the fabric or even roll across the ground in them!
•
X-pen playpen style: An alternative to traditional crates, X-pen playpens provide a larger enclosed area for your dog to play and relax in. They give your dog extra room to move around in while keeping her safe and secure. However, as mentioned earlier, too much space may prompt the dog to eliminate in the playpen.
Setting the mood Creating a tranquil environment within and around your dog’s crate is essential
SITUATING YOUR DOG’S CRATE
for promoting relaxation. Ensure the room
The right crate placement can make all the difference in the world for your dog.
gentle lamps or nightlights to set a calming
•
Ideally, the crate should be located in a quiet, low-traffic area of your home where your dog can relax undisturbed.
dogs to promote peaceful rest. White noise
•
Avoid noisy or busy locations, such as the kitchen or laundry room.
•
Conversely, don’t put the crate someplace where your dog will feel isolated from the family. An area adjacent to the living room of home office might be a good choice, as long as those rooms aren’t too chaotic.
•
It’s a good idea to make sure there aren’t any windows nearby that your dog can look out of. It might seem like a nice idea, but seeing something outside the window can get your dog worked up.
temperature is comfortable, and choose mood. Play soothing music designed for machines can also mask distracting sounds and create a quiet environment.
INSIDE THE CRATE Creating a tranquil crate environment for your dog takes careful planning and consideration. Creating a Zen-like experience includes a serene sleeping environment. Start by lining the crate with a soft, washable fleece blanket or crate mat. In puppies, bedding can encourage chewing, so introduce it slowly and supervise your pup closely. Skip the toys unless you’re there to keep an eye on your dog. Tip: H aving a crate in the bedroom at night can help promote a sense of security and comfort in many dogs.
TEACHING YOUR DOG TO LOVE THE CRATE This takes patience and a positive attitude. Start by making the crate a fun and inviting space. Leave the door open and place treats and toys inside the crate for your dog to find. Let her sniff around and discover the crate at her own pace. When you notice her inside, toss a few bonus treats in for her as a reward. As your dog becomes more comfortable with her crate, gradually increase the amount of time she spends inside it. Start with short periods and gradually extend the duration, always ensuring your dog associates the crate with a positive experience.
Don’t leave your dog in her crate for long periods It's important to use caution when it comes to crate time for your dog. Although the crate should offer
Another way to build on the “Zen zone” feel of your dog’s crate is by gently placing her inside it while she’s napping, leaving the door open. (This obviously works better for smaller dogs that are easy to lift!). This allows her to experience the crate in a relaxed state and associate it with rest and comfort.
security, it's vital you use it wisely. Extended periods
Focus on making your dog’s crate a cozy retreat where she can feel secure and relaxed. With time and regular practice, she’ll come to see her crate as a relaxing oasis, her very own “Zen zone”.
with their humans. Being confined to a crate for
alone in the crate can affect your dog's socialization, physical activity levels, and mental health. Dogs are social animals and thrive on interaction long periods of time can leave them feeling lonely and isolated. Dogs also need regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and content. Without it, they may develop behaviors such as excessive barking or destructive chewing. So it's necessary to strike a balance between crate time, and time spent outside the crate engaging in social activities and physical exercise. Make sure your dog receives regular walks, playtime, and training sessions in her daily routine to keep
Tip: Never force your dog into her crate, or use it as a form of punishment. This creates negative associations and will make her fear the crate.
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Animal Wellness
her mentally and physically fulfilled. And always remember to provide plenty of love, attention, and companionship to help her thrive emotionally.
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THE STREAMING SERVICE
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is a source for pet parents who want to learn more about health, nutrition, grooming, traveling with companion animals, and more.
A Streaming Service You Can Feel Good About buddi is full of feel-good content for families, it’s all about animals, and it’s a streaming channel with a heart: for every new subscriber, buddi donates $1 to their Champion of the Month, an animalbased charity. buddi may still be brand new, but it’s quickly becoming the favorite streaming service of animal parents. And it’s no surprise: Layla and Ryan are devoted animal lovers themselves, and they're always on the hunt for new content to add to the platform — including additional licensed movies and shows, buddi originals, and other fresh content. Tune in to see what exciting programming is coming next. https://watchbuddi.com
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27
FEET FIRST
CARING FOR PAW WOUNDS IN YOUR DOG by Erin Mullen
Paw wounds are common, especially during the summer when your dog is outside a lot. It’s important to know how to care for these injuries — promptly and properly. Your dog is frolicking in the grass, enjoying a beautiful summer day. All of a sudden, she yips, stops, and holds up her foot. You notice she has a paw wound, and it needs care. What should you do? The first thing your dog will want to do is obsessively lick the wound. Although this is a natural reaction, it’s unfortunately one of the best ways for a small problem to become a big infection. So it’s important to promptly attend to the injury yourself.
1.
DECIDE IF SHE NEEDS VETERINARY ATTENTION
The first step is to determine whether or not your dog needs to see the veterinarian. Home care should not be attempted for moderate to serious wounds. If the injury is more than just superficial, it’s best to take her to the vet as soon as possible for proper care, such as cleaning, disinfecting, antibiotics (if necessary), stitches, etc.
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Animal Wellness
“Some wounds need suturing, and these are best treated within 24 hours of the injury,” says veterinarian Dr. Shawn Messonnier.
2.
CLEAN THE INJURY
If the wound is small and shallow, and a vet visit isn’t needed, start by cleaning it with a dog-safe soap, ensuring the injury is properly flushed and clear of debris. Make sure to check the whole paw during this process, to ensure you are aware of the full visible extent of the injury. The entire paw, including between the toes, should then be dried with a clean, preferably sterile material.
3.
DISINFECT THE WOUND
Next, it’s important to disinfect the wound to protect against infection. You can use a dog-safe antiseptic from the pet supply store, or make a natural antiseptic at home using a dilute saltwater solution. Dissolve ½ teaspoon salt in around 1¼ cups of cooled boiled water, and use the mixture to bathe the injury.
Be careful to dry it afterwards. Depending on the wound and any input from your vet, it can be wise to then apply a dog-safe antibiotic cream.
4.
PREVENT YOUR DOG FROM LICKING HER PAW
If your dog has access to the wound, she’ll lick off anything you apply to it, which not only defeats the purpose but can also be harmful if she ingests it. “An Elizabethan collar is helpful to discourage licking,” says Dr. Messonnier. In some circumstances, a bandage may be used — more on this later.
5.
WATCH THE WOUND
Keep an eye on the wound over the next several days to ensure it heals properly. Make sure it stays clean and dry, and watch for any signs of infection. If redness, swelling or discharge develop, take your dog to the vet.
WHAT ABOUT BANDAGING? Bandaging a paw wound may not always be necessary, although it can be used if the injury is serious and you’re heading to the vet. “I think wounds should be bandaged only long enough to take the dog to the veterinarian to be examined,” says Dr. Messonnier. “Also, unless the vet visit is more than 24 hours away, no antibiotic cream would be needed. The wound can simply be flushed with water and a diluted Betadine or chlorhexidine solution.”
HOME CARE SHOULD NOT BE ATTEMPTED FOR MODERATE TO SERIOUS WOUNDS.
•
•
•
When bandaging a paw wound, use clean, sterile gauze, preferably in a roll. This is the easiest bandaging material with which to wrap a paw. Wrap the gauze over the lower leg as well — if only the paw is wrapped, your dog will likely have little trouble removing the bandage. If the injury is between two toes, it can be useful to weave one loose layer of gauze between the toes in order to keep excess moisture from accumulating on the wound site. Ensure the gauze is soft and fine, as a more abrasive texture may cause more harm than good. Once you have wrapped the paw and foreleg with the gauze, ensure it is not too tight (see sidebar below). Gauze has some stretch, depending on the brand, but it is entirely possible to make it too tight, so make sure it’s comfortable for your dog before moving on. Next, grab some vet wrap, available in a huge variety of colors at pet or farm supply stores. Special chew-andlick-deterrent wrap is also available for dogs who cannot leave their bandages alone. Tape the vet wrap over the top of the gauze in the same direction in which you wrapped the gauze. “It’s recommended you start at the lower point on the extremity and work towards the top of the affected limb,” says Dr. Messonnier. Ensure some of the vet wrap has direct contact with the dog’s leg to prevent the bandage from slipping.
MAKE SURE THE BANDAGE IS NOT TOO TIGHT Because your dog can’t let you know if his bandage is too tight, you must be very careful during the whole process to ensure it’s just snug enough to be secure, but not so tight as to cause any discomfort or harm. After wrapping your dog’s paw and foreleg in gauze, insert a finger between the gauze and her leg to ensure there’s enough slack. The same applies when you’re using vet wrap over the gauze. “Bandages should be checked by the vet within 24 hours of application, unless instructed differently by the doctor,” says Dr. Messonnier. “Applying a bandage too tightly or failing to change it frequently can result in loss of the limb.”
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Animal Wellness
•
A critical part of the vet wrap step is to take it over the toe and then back up to about the mid-section of the bandage for one to two more mid-leg wraps. This will keep the wrap from sliding off the paw and is crucial for a longer-lasting bandage. Also, make sure to use only as much wrap as needed to secure the gauze and provide a durable walking bandage. If too much wrap is used it can restrict air flow, which can hinder healing.
The decision about how long a bandage should be left on needs to be made in conjunction with your veterinarian, and will be based on your dog’s specific injury. Attending to your dog’s paw wound as soon as it occurs will help ensure it heals quickly and comfortably, without complications, so he can go back to enjoying summer!
CLEAN THE WOUND WITH A DOG-SAFE SOAP, ENSURING IT’S PROPERLY FLUSHED AND CLEAR OF DEBRIS.
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Over the last ten years, PBMT has become common in the professional sports world. NBA, NFL, MLB, NHL and USA Cycling athletes, as well as Ironman triathlon competitors, all include this treatment as a must-have in their training toolkit. It’s time to give your four-legged champion the same relief and Become a Dog Med benefits. Laser Affiliate:
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dogmedlaser.com/pages/ clinical-studies
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As any athlete will tell you, injuries can, and do, strike unexpectedly. A misstep, a sudden twist, an overzealous leap — all can lead to strained muscles, inflammation, pain, or worse. For agility dogs and their dedicated handlers, these Inflammation and setbacks can be disheartening, leading oxidative stress reduction to months of recovery off the course (and podium), and possibly an end to the fun and games altogether. But Pain alleviation what if there was a way to minimize these risks and enhance recovery? Speedy recovery
Relief from muscle strain
Improved mobility FDA-authorized; Vet-endorsed by Dr. Tony Kramer, DVM
www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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Summer Solutions:
HOW ASHWAGANDHA HELPS YOUR DOG COPE WITH SEASONAL ALLERGIES AND STRESSORS
ADVERTORIAL
PAWS UP: WHO LOVES SUMMER? For most dogs, the promise of earlymorning walks, sun-drenched swims, and lazy afternoons spent snoozing under shady trees is enough to get any tail wagging. But for other dogs (and their humans), the summer months bring with them a far less enjoyable experience — seasonal allergies and anxiety. Fortunately, there’s a natural solution that can help alleviate these common summer woes: KSM-66 Ashwagandha.
does offer promising relief for dogs. How does this potent adaptogenic herb work to stop the seasonal scratch? Research shows:
1. 1.
SOOTHING SUMMER ALLERGIES Summer is notorious for triggering allergies in both humans and their animal companions. Pollen, grass, and other outdoor allergens can wreak havoc on our canine friends, leading to uncomfortable symptoms like itching, scratching, gnawing, licking, and general skin irritation. And while there is no 100% cure for allergies (yet!), KSM-66 Ashwagandha
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Animal Wellness
2. 2.
The main bioactive compounds in KSM-66 Ashwagandha pure root extract — alkaloids and withanolides (naturallyoccurring steroidal lactones) — exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. These naturally occurring immune-modulating properties help to influence the immune system’s response to seasonal allergy triggers. As a full spectrum root-only extract, KSM-66 Ashwagandha maintains the natural balance of these bioactives present in the herb. his, in turn, helps put a T stop to any allergy-related itching, scratching, and chewing in dogs.
Signs your dog has seasonal allergies Dogs may have similar allergy symptoms as their humans — sneezing, watery eyes, achy ears, general misery! — but most will experience seasonal woes through the skin. Signs to watch for include: •
Scratching and biting of the coat or skin
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Red, inflamed, or infected spots
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Excessive shedding
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Compulsive paw licking
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Butt scoots and/or licking
CALM AMID SUMMER STORMS Aside from allergies, summer also brings with it other potential stressors for dogs. Think loud fireworks displays and summer storms, complete with claps of thunder intense enough to make even the bravest of us jump! Many dogs experience anxiety and fear during these events, leading to pacing, panting, cowering, barking, and other signs of distress. In fact, one study of 14,000 dogs in Finland showed that almost 75% of dogs show anxiety-like behaviors, with 32% of those showing noise sensitivity and being frightened of at least one noise.1 Thankfully, KSM-66 Ashwagandha has the potential to help here too: it is clinically proven to reduce stress and anxiety in our furry friends, due to its ability to regulate stress hormones and promote relaxation.2
SAFE AND EFFECTIVE SUMMER SUPPORT With its versatility and high safety profile, KSM-66 Ashwagandha pure root extract is an ideal choice for parents seeking natural remedies for their fur babies. Unlike conventional medications, it offers gentle yet effective support for dogs’ immune and nervous systems, without the risk of harsh side effects or dependency. Plus, with its neutral flavor, this herb ranks high on the doggie-palatability scale. Dogs can reap the benefits in supplements, treats, food and other pup-approved products of all kinds without even knowing!
What's an adaptogenic herb anyway? Adaptogenic herbs like KSM-66 Ashwagandha pure root extract have been utilized for centuries in various traditional healing systems. But what exactly are these miracle healers? Adaptogens are herbs possessing unique properties that help the body adapt to stressors, whether physical, chemical, or biological. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs that often target specific symptoms or pathways, adaptogens exert a nonspecific action on the body. In other words, they adapt to whatever it is the body needs from them. They find the health issue, then work to heal whatever it is they’ve found.
This means adaptogens can provide a wide range of benefits without causing significant side effects or disruptions to normal bodily functions — for pets and their humans. These include, but are not limited to:
•
linically proven stress response regulation to C promote peace and calm.
•
romotion of the body's natural state of P equilibrium or balance — physical and mental.
•
elps maintain homeostasis throughout the H body so its systems can survive and function correctly.
•
nhanced resilience to physical, mental, and E emotional challenges.
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Overall health and well-being.
nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59837-z
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sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S1558787822000326?via%3Dihub
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If you want to make the sunny season a little brighter for your dog, look for products with KSM-66 Ashwagandha. Add it to their daily routine and let the frolicking begin! www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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Photo courtesy of Gretchen Uhrinek
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Photo courtesy of Gretchen Uhrinek
Yak Cheese – could it be your dog’s next favorite chew?
by Gretchen Uhrinek
You may not have heard of yak cheese yet, but it’s becoming popular as a healthy chew for dogs. Yak cheese is a centuries-old Tibetan food that’s gaining traction in the Western world, not just for people, but for dogs as well. Also known as chhurpi, it’s the world’s hardest cheese, which is making it an increasingly popular choice as a dog chew. What are the benefits of yak cheese, and is it really a healthy choice for your canine companion?
WHAT IS YAK CHEESE MADE OF? Yak cheese is typically made with four ingredients: yak milk, cow milk, salt and lime. While many dog lovers might be relieved by the limited number of ingredients, it’s natural to wonder if milk and salt are safe choices for your pup’s digestive system. “The ingredients in yak cheese are neutral to good,” says Elizabeth Ann Straub, a certified pet nutritionist. “The salt content isn’t much to worry about. We never want to see too much salt in an ingredient panel, but the levels in yak cheese are low enough that it shouldn’t pose any risks.”
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But what about the milk content? As many food-sensitive people already know, hard cheeses typically contain less lactose than their soft counterparts. When yak cheese is made, the milk ingredients are heated and then strained, separating curd from whey. Most of the lactose is found in the whey, which is removed at this stage. Once separated, the curd is shaped into blocks before drying into a very dense, hard cheese. Some Tibetan villagers age these blocks for up to two decades. However, unless you’re prepared to trek up the Himalayas, it’s unlikely you’ll find a cheese of such vintage at your local holistic pet food store.
HOW CAN YAK CHEESE BENEFIT YOUR DOG? Being hard as bone, yak cheese is an excellent mental enrichment tool for super chewers. It’s also high in protein and easier to digest than many alternatives. (Bonus: there’s no risk of your dog ingesting any plastic or synthetic fibers!) Also, due to its density, yak cheese serves as a natural dental cleaner and can help keep your dog’s teeth plaque-free.
“Most people struggle to find something their dogs enjoy that also has the benefit of cleaning their teeth,” says Elizabeth Ann. “There are certainly things on the market that will clean teeth and are not good for dogs — but yak cheese is a great option.”
Photo courtesy of Gretchen Uhrinek
SUGGESTIONS TO KEEP IN MIND
Case in point My senior dog, Sunny, doesn’t like toys or bones. Even lick mats are hit-or-miss. But nothing sets her tail wagging harder than yak cheese. She’ll happily spend hours carving deep grooves into these golden blocks, and her teeth have never looked better.
•
As with all hard chews, you should monitor your dog to ensure he doesn’t swallow any large pieces. Brands often sell yak cheese in different weights depending on a dog’s size. A Mastiff may choke on a chew meant for a Chihuahua, for example, so mindfulness is key when you’re in the natural treat aisle.
•
It’s also a good idea to be cautious about giving your dog yak cheese if he’s on antibiotics, since calcium can inhibit their efficacy. As always, when it doubt, consult with your veterinarian before introducing yak cheese into your dog’s diet.
If you do decide to try your dog on yak cheese, be sure to save the last chunk — 45 seconds in the microwave and it’ll bloom into an airy cheese puff that’s sure to leave your best friend drooling!
CANINE REHABILITATION HAS COME A LONG WAY – HERE’S HOW IT CAN HELP YOUR DOG The expanding field of canine rehabilitation offers a variety of standard and cutting-edge therapies to help dogs regain their mobility and quality of life, whether they’re suffering from arthritis or recovering from injury or surgery. Therapeutic swimming with a vest.
Physical rehabilitation for dogs is a rapidly expanding field. At first, it was considered an alternative therapy, but it’s quickly emerging as an essential service. Let’s take a look at what canine rehabilitation encompasses, why it’s a growing area of medicine, and how it could benefit your own dog.
WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES AND GOALS OF CANINE REHABILITATION? The American Association of Rehabilitation Veterinarians (AARV) defines physical rehabilitation as “the diagnosis and management of patients with painful or functionally limiting conditions, particularly those with injury or illness related to the neurologic and musculoskeletal systems.” Rehabilitation focuses on improving the function and quality of life in animals with arthritis or neurologic disorders, as well as those recovering from surgical procedures. Postoperative
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Animal Wellness
Photo courtesy of Janice Huntingford
by J anice Huntingford, DVM, MS-TCVM, DACVSMR, CVA, CVPP, CCRT CAVCA
care focuses on decreasing pain, inflammation, and joint stiffness, while improving mobility and quality of life may result in shorter hospital stays and improved well-being for the dog. A return to normal mobility and neuromuscular function is the overlying principle. First and foremost, the goals of rehabilitation are to relieve pain and ameliorate discomfort while ensuring the dog’s condition does not worsen, particularly in light of spinal instability or surgical repair. Once pain control has been adequately addressed, rehab therapists can focus on restoring normal muscular function, minimizing muscular atrophy and other secondary problems, and improving and restoring mobility. Typically, a multimodal approach integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention is used to manage dogs during their recovery (more on this later).
Horses were initially the main target of rehabilitation, but it’s now commonly used in dogs, cats and other species to improve mobility and quality of life. It’s also used to enhance and maintain peak performance in both canine and equine athletes. Rehabilitation therapy can be applied to both acute and chronic conditions. Some of the conditions that can be managed with rehabilitation include: •
Cranial cruciate ligament disease
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Osteoarthritis
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Post orthopedic surgery
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Hip dysplasia
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Elbow dysplasia
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Luxating patellas
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Intervertebral disc disease
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Immune mediated polyarthritis
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Obesity
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Sprains and strains
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Geriatric onset laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy
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Chronic pain
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Paralysis
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Hind limb weakness
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Spinal injury
WHAT KINDS OF REHAB THERAPIES ARE AVAILABLE TO DOGS?
Photo courtesy of Janice Huntingford
WHICH DOGS (AND OTHER ANIMALS) BENEFIT FROM REHABILITATION THERAPY?
A goniometer is a device used to measure a joint's range of motion.
YOUR DOG’S REHABILITATION APPOINTMENT His first appointment starts with an assessment by an accredited professional — this could be a veterinarian or physiotherapist trained in canine rehabilitation, or a trained technician under the supervision of a veterinarian. Your dog will be given an overall examination, including a special exam for the orthopedic and neurological systems, a gait exam or analysis using a pressure walkway, and a pain score, body condition score, muscle score, lameness score and muscle strength score. All the muscles will be palpated and areas of pain or tightness identified. A rehabilitation diagnosis will be made by taking the presenting complaint and physical exam into account, and an individual plan created for each animal. Radiographs, blood work or advanced diagnostics are sometimes recommended before therapy commences.
Rehabilitation uses many techniques and modalities that can be used alone or in combination with other techniques from both Eastern and Western medicine. A multimodal approach is used to maximize the dog’s return to function.
Standard therapies 1.
Hydrotherapy can involve either swim therapy or underwater treadmill therapy. The buoyancy of the water decreases the weight and stress on painful joints and can improve circulation, flexibility, mobility and range of motion. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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The underwater treadmill is the best tool for strengthening weak muscles. Often, dogs with neurological problems can walk in the water before they can walk on land. Swim therapy may involve exercises in the pool and provides a good cardiovascular workout. It is also good for arthritis. 2. Manual therapy includes joint mobilization, spinal manipulation therapy, massage and passive range of motion (PROM). Joint mobilization and PROM are used to relieve pain, decrease stiffness and prevent loss of function in non-ambulatory dogs. Spinal manipulation therapy (chiropractic) involves adjusting spinal segments with decreased motion. Massage is used to reduce stress and pain, relax tight muscles, and improve circulation. 3. Electrotherapy via neuromuscular stimulation (NMES) is used to strengthen muscles in paralyzed animals. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is used for pain relief. 4. Therapeutic ultrasound involves the use of sound waves to increase blood flow and improve wound healing in tissues. It is used for tendonitis, pain, muscle spasms, joint stiffness and contractures.
WHY CANINE REHAB IS A GROWING FIELD 1. M ore and more people regard their dogs as part of the family, and want the same level of care for them as they do for themselves. 2. D ogs are living longer, which means many develop chronic conditions that can benefit from rehabilitation. 3. D og sports have become very popular, and the number of canines participating in agility, disc dog, and other activities is exploding. This means an increase in injuries that require rehabilitation and pain relief, especially among the “weekend warriors”.
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Animal Wellness
Photo courtesy of Janice Huntingford
A pug receives acupuncture.
5. Therapeutic exercises as an in-clinic and/or home exercise program are individually tailored to each dog to improve balance, strength, and co-ordination. These exercises help rebuild weak muscles and target specific muscle groups for strengthening.
Cutting-edge therapies 1.
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) uses laser light to heal tissues by affecting cellular change. We use it for pain and muscle spasms as well as neurological conditions. Laser has been shown to increase axonal sprouting in nerves as well as decrease arthritis pain.
2. Extracorporeal shock wave (ESWT) is a highenergy sound wave technology that offers a non-invasive treatment option for dogs experiencing lameness and pain. The high-energy sound waves — sometimes called pulses — travel through soft tissue at customized depths, reaching specific treatment areas. These waves trigger the activation of the body’s repair system. Different-sized applicator heads (5mm and 20mm) allow shockwaves to penetrate to specific depths, while various energy settings allow for customized applications. 3. Acupuncture, although an ancient modality, has been embraced by a growing number of mainstream veterinarians in recent years. It involves the insertion of very fine, sterile needles into specific points on the body, causing a biochemical reaction within the tissue that stimulates healing and/or pain relief. Since Traditional Chinese Medicine believes all disease and pain result from an imbalance of energy in the body, acupuncture is often the primary form of treatment for promoting healing. We use acupuncture mostly for neurological conditions and arthritis pain relief, although it has many other uses. 4. Myofascial trigger point therapy arises from the recent recognition of myofascial pain and trigger points in both humans and animals. Muscle pain is common after surgery, and is often a continuing source of pain long after the surgical site or original injury has healed. This pain can be treated with dry needling, similar to acupuncture. Identifying the source of the pain is key. 5. Regenerative medicine, which includes stem cell therapy or platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy, is now being offered by many rehabilitation practitioners. PRP is derived from removing the red blood cells from whole blood and isolating the platelets. A sample of blood is taken from an animal and then spun down in a centrifuge. The red blood cells are removed with a pipette and discarded. The leftover concentrate is called PRP, and contains platelets and proteins that can be used to promote healing and treat areas of inflammation in the body. PRP therapy is used
to treat inflammatory conditions that affect ligaments, muscles, and tendons, such as osteoarthritis. It may also help with bone regeneration after a fracture. 6. Joint injections are being utilized by many rehabilitation practitioners for treating osteoarthritis. Injections can be cortisone, hyaluronic acid or osteocushions, or in the case of elbow arthritis, particles of a radioactive Tn117 solution that targets macrophages. These particles are absorbed by and deactivate the cells within the joint that cause pain, inflammation, and ongoing damage to the cartilage. Canine rehabilitation has come a long way in the past several decades. If your dog is an athlete, has been injured or undergone surgery, or is simply getting stiff in the joints with age, it’s worth exploring how rehabilitation could help reduce his pain or discomfort, and get him moving again.
HISTORY OF VETERINARY REHABILITATION Animal rehabilitation has been used in different forms for many years. •
In the 1970s, two books were published on animal rehabilitation, one being Canine Sports Medicine and Surgery, which contains chapters by numerous veterinarians.
•
Interest in sporting dogs grew in the veterinary community, and in the 1990s, vets began researching various treatments and specific therapies that could restore function to their canine athlete patients.
•
Formal education for veterinarians interested in rehabilitation began in the late 1990s, and guidelines for veterinary rehabilitation were set out by the American Veterinary Medical Association and the American Physical Therapy Association.
6 Smarter Games
THAT CAN MAKE YOUR DOG
by Karen Elizabeth Baril
Raise your dog’s IQ with fun brain games and exercises that encourage her to think and learn.
The domestic dog’s relationship with humans goes back a staggering 30,000 years. Throughout this long liaison, your dog’s ancestors honed their people-watching skills, learning about human habits, behaviors, emotions, and even spoken language. In fact, the average domestic dog can learn the meaning of about 150 words, with some clever canines stretching that to 250 words. Although canine intelligence was long considered static, a fixed trait passed down through the genetic code, scientists now know that neuroplasticity, or the brain’s ability to modify and create new neural connections, is possible throughout a dog’s life. This means that brain games and exercises can help improve your dog’s self-control, decrease her anxiety, strengthen the bond she shares with you – and perhaps even raise her IQ and make her smarter!
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Animal Wellness
THREE TYPES OF CANINE INTELLIGENCE AND HOW THEY IMPACT PLAY 1.
Adaptive intelligence refers to your dog’s ability to learn from his environment. An example is if your dog brings you his empty food bowl around dinnertime, or runs to fetch his leash if he sees you getting ready for a walk. Adaptive intelligence refers to what a dog learns without your direct intervention. Know that he’s training himself by observing you, so be mindful of what he’s learning!
2.
Instinctive intelligence is breed specific. Border Collies are experts at herding sheep, chickens, and kids, for instance, but they’re no match for the Bloodhound in nose work. Take your dog’s breed type into consideration. A terrier might learn best inside the house, away from distractions like darting chipmunks.
3.
Working or obedience intelligence refers to your dog’s ability to learn commands. You might think of working obedience as a police or service dog ability, but any dog, from terriers to Irish Wolfhounds, can excel in working obedience given the right training.
6 GAMES TO INCREASE YOUR DOG’S BRAIN POWER Impulse control games help your dog slow down and obey a command even when he’s excited.
1. •
2. •
3. •
“Leave it” is a great impulse control game. In this game, your dog must leave an object, treat, or the fun of chasing a squirrel for another day. Start slow by asking your dog to “leave it” using a small treat, and rewarding him with another treat for leaving that one alone. You can eventually build up to a good response while walking around the neighborhood surrounded by distractions. “ Wait” is another impulse control game that teaches your dog to wait for your command before diving into his food bowl, jumping out of the car, or passing through doors or gates. Raise the stakes by adding a wait to your fetch game. “Settle” is similar to place training, but can be used anywhere. Your dog can learn to settle anywhere, at home or out and about, with a relaxed body posture and expression. The settle command is best taught at home first, with very few distractions, but set your goal to achieve a settled dog even in busy environments and situations.
5 TIPS FOR SUCCESS 1.
1. Choose the right time of day. Avoid times when your dog might be distracted, such as dinnertime or when the kids are coming home from school.
2. If you have a multi-dog household, play with 2. only one dog at a time until you get good responses.
3. Consider your dog’s personality and breed 3.
type when choosing games for him. Beagles will love nose work while Border Collies might prefer thinking their way through an agility course.
4. Don’t put any pressure on your dog or 4.
yourself. Even within breed types, dogs learn at their own pace. Keep it fun and your dog will keep coming back for more.
5. Mix it up to keep your dog thinking. Be 5.
creative when inventing games. You don’t need to spend a lot of money. A shoebox can be used to create a hide-and-seek game.
Hide n’ seek games encourage your dog to use his thinking skills and memory.
4. 5.
TEACH YOUR OLD DOG NEW TRICKS Senior dogs can definitely learn new tricks, games, and mental exercises, although you might have to allow for any hearing or vision loss. The older dog’s responses are usually not as quick as a younger dog’s, but games and puzzles will help to keep her mentally engaged and happy.
•
Hide yourself. When you know your dog isn’t looking, hide behind a wall, a piece of furniture, or in a giant cardboard box if you have one. Then call your dog.
•
ide a treat. Let your dog see you hide a treat underneath H one of three plastic cups, and ask him to find it. It’s highly likely he’ll find the treat on the first try, but then up the ante. Let him see you place the treat under a cup and then move the cups around as if you’re doing a magic trick. Do this slowly so your dog can watch. It’s helpful to have different colored or shaded cups.
6. •
ide a toy. Start easy with a toy that’s only half hidden, H so your dog sees it and grasps the concept of the game. Graduate to hiding the toy really well. It’s helpful to reserve a special toy for this game so that when your dog sees it, he knows what to do.
Other exercises that can help make your dog smarter include the use of puzzle toys and bowls, obstacle courses, and engaging him in nose work. Just as with muscle training, there is no one single game or exercise that improves brain function — anything that gets your dog thinking is beneficial. And any time he thinks his way through a problem or challenge, he’s exercising his brain and getting smarter! www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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KITTY LIFESTYLE
Why is routine so important to your cat? BY ANNA KILLINGER
If something in your household has changed recently, you may notice your cat behaving oddly. Learn why cats need a regular routine, and how you can help your kitty feel more secure during times of transition.
Cats are very sensitive to their surroundings, so any changes to their routines or environments can be stressful for them. These changes can encompass anything from a family member moving out, to a shift in your working hours, to renovations being done on the home. Affected cats may exhibit both physical and behavioral signs, such as hiding, anxiety or aggression, or eliminating outside the litter box. This article looks at why routine is so important to your cat, and what you can do to support her through any changes taking place in your household.
WHY DO CATS NEED ROUTINE? Cats understand time — i.e. the sequence of events — in terms of episodic memory, according to a 2018 study conducted at Northwestern University. Routine for a cat translates into predictability, control over the environment, and safety. The lack of a perceived threat means cats don’t have to remain in “fight or flight” mode for prolonged periods, which allows their immune systems to function properly. “The need for control is a biological imperative for survival,” state Dr. Tony Buffington and Melissa Bain, professors from UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. Their 2020 study
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found three levels of stressful events for cats, such as changes in routine, and the corresponding stress responses: mild stress response (of brief duration, mild to 1 A moderate) can still allow cats to develop coping skills. The stressor needs to take place in a stable and predictable environment, however, with the presence of “supportive relationships”. moderate stress response results from more significant 2 A perceived threats, such as instability at home, illness, or exposure to natural disasters. Whether the stress is manageable or not depends on the cat’s perception of control. severe stress response results from prolonged, frequent 3 A exposure to events like chronic abuse, nutritional deprivation, severe or chronic illness, and maternal separation. A whole spectrum of symptoms resulting from the stress of sudden changes has been reported in cats. These symptoms may impact various organs and systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system. In addition, new findings shared by
Natural remedies can help cats adjust to routine changes KSM-66 Ashwagandha is clinically proven to reduce stress. This adaptogenic herb also has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-fungal qualities. ksm66ashwagandhaa.com NOW® Pets Pet Relaxant features natural botanicals that promote relaxation and contentment during changes to your cat (or dog’s) daily routine. nowfoods.com/products/pet-health/ pet-relaxant-chewable-tablets-dogs-cats ThorneVet’s Peaceful Pet provides synergistic support for reducing nervous tension, alleviating stress, and providing balanced responses throughout the nervous system. thornevet.com/ product/peaceful-pet/ Feline Stress Releaf is a calming hemp oil made from organic full-spectrum CBD oil. petreleaf.com/ product-category/cats
study authors point to the significance of “central sensitivity syndrome”, which results in a certain unpredictability of individual outcomes. This is where your veterinarian’s expertise and familiarity with your own cat’s health issues would help predict which symptoms to watch for during times of change and the resulting stress.
HOW TO SUPPORT YOUR CAT THROUGH A DIFFICULT TRANSITION Recent research (see sidebar at right) suggests a few pathways you might find useful when helping your cat adapt to a change in routine. The points below use the example of moving to a new location, but can be adapted to other changes taking place in your life and/or your cat’s. Prepare your kitty for the upcoming event. Your cat’s expectations are considered even more significant than the event itself. Example: Before flying to our new home with my cat, Amour, I habituated him to his carrier by giving it a “playground” association. This helped him perceive it as a safe place prior to his first flight. Provide environmental enrichment. Cats are usually curious and a properly introduced novelty may serve as a distraction. Example: Amour was first introduced to a new safe room with vertical space so he could get up high if he wanted. He then followed me while discovering the whole house. Provide olfactory stimulation. A 2022 study by Zhang et al showed a significant connection between the olfactory system and the regions of the brain responsible for controlling the stress response. Example: Cat grass placed in Amour’s safe room helped calm him and keep him busy. We also brought most of his toys from our previous home, with their familiar scents. Use natural calming strategies, such as soothing music composed for cats. The feline auditory system is three times as efficient as ours. In the case of unwanted behaviors, it’s vital to use only a positive reinforcement approach. Punishing the cat will only make the problem worse by raising his stress levels. Change is the only constant, as they say, and upending your cat’s routine may sometimes be unavoidable. By recognizing the signs your kitty is struggling to adapt, and taking steps to mitigate them, you can help him navigate whatever life happens to throw at you both.
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Research into feline behavior Although cats were domesticated around 10,000 years ago, serious research into their behavior, welfare, and interaction with humans only began a few decades ago. To this day, there are still many gaps in our knowledge, including in the area of feline social cognition, and how emotional regulation mechanisms impact the cat’s immune system. However, one thing the existing literature indicates is that a routine is crucial for feline well-being. This routine includes a regular feeding schedule, the presence of the cat parent in the kitty’s daily life, stable interaction patterns with the cat parent, and proper conditions in multi-cat environments. What was referred to as “unusual external events” in an Ohio State University study done in 2011 — e.g. changes in daily routine — have been associated with sickness behaviors in cats. These include: • A decrease in food intake • Vomiting • Eliminating outside the litter box. These are commonly-reported issues that sometimes cause people to relinquish their cats to shelters. Another study conducted at the same university in 2013 by Judi Stella, a doctoral candidate in veterinary preventive medicine, looked at effects of stressors on feline behavior and physiology. It names additional symptoms, some of which might go unnoticed: • Fever • Lethargy • Decreased general activity • Enhanced pain-like behaviors. The stressors associated with these signs included multiple unfamiliar caretakers, inconsistent husbandry schedules, and discontinuation of playtime, socialization, food treats and auditory enrichment.
NEWSWORTHY
Advocating for non-animal testing methods The use of animal testing in scientific and medical research has long been a controversial and emotionally-charged issue. In a recent landmark move, the American Bar Association (ABA), which represents the legal profession in the United States, has issued its first-ever statement on animal testing. It calls on governments to promote the use of nonanimal testing methods (NAMs). As one of the lead co-authors of the statement, the ABA has highlighted the myriad benefits associated with the adoption and advancement of nonanimal testing methods. These methods not only prioritize animal welfare but also help safeguard the environment, and optimize taxpayer-funded research investments by ensuring the development of safer products and higher quality medicines.
Central to the ABA’s resolution is its recognition of the bipartisan Humane and Existing Alternatives in Research and Testing Sciences (HEARTS) Act. This legislation is aimed at addressing deficiencies in existing laws governing research proposals funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and is lauded as a crucial step towards promoting ethical and scientifically rigorous research practices. The HEARTS Act advances scientific progress while simultaneously prioritizing human health, environmental protection, and the welfare of animals. Its inclusion in the ABA’s resolution is a testament to the ongoing scientific and ethical advancements aimed at phasing out the use of animals in research.
By championing NAMs and endorsing legislation like the HEARTS Act, fostering a culture of compassion and responsibility within the scientific community will become more plausible. This initiative also aligns with broader societal trends towards greater awareness and concern for animal welfare and ethical research practices. The ABA’s call to action marks a significant milestone in the ongoing dialogue surrounding animal testing and research ethics. crueltyfreeinternational.org/latest-newsand-updates/american-bar-associationcalls-advancement-non-animal-researchand-testing
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What we love:
They contain a fish oil blend that supports skin and coat health.
Convenient raw food nuggets Looking for an easy-to-feed raw food for your dog? Northwest Naturals Frozen Nuggets are a nutritious and convenient way to include raw food in his diet without handling raw meat. The small high-protein nuggets thaw quickly and are ideal for small dogs, puppies, and adults. Available in a large selection of recipes, they make the perfect treat or topper, allowing you to substitute real, whole foods in place of kibble. nw-naturals.net
Win a six-month supply of dog food, chews and treats! Win free food, chews and treats for some very lucky dogs with Earth Animal! To celebrate their new Wisdom Air-Dried Jerky and two new food recipes — red meatbased From the Land, and plant-based From the Seed — the company is holding its “I’m an Earth Animal” contest giveaway. Grand prize: a six-month supply of Wisdom Air-Dried Dog Food, Jerky, and No-Hide Chews, plus weekly prize packs. Enter now! animalwellnessmagazine.com/earth-animal-giveaway/
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What we love:
Costs only $7.99 a month — try a sevenday free trial.
A streaming service by pet people, for pet people A streaming service just for animal lovers? What could be more perfect for Animal Wellness readers? buddi is a family-friendly streaming service dedicated to finding the best and most entertaining companion animal-related content and bringing it to you in one place. Watch ad-free movies, shows, documentaries, live TV, original content, and more. watchbuddi.com
What we love:
Soothing first-aid relief
What we love:
Formulated without melatonin, which can cause drowsiness.
Skin irritations are common during the summer. Banixx Pet Care’s Antiseptic and Anti-fungal Spray provides fast-acting first-aid relief for hot spots, ear and yeast infections, itchy skin, ringworm, rashes, abrasions and wounds on your dog or cat. It’s non-oily, non-sticky, and made without any steroids, alcohol or antibiotics, so it doesn’t burn or sting your animal’s sensitive skin.
Non-toxic and fragrance-free for safe, gentle relief.
banixx.com/products/pet-care-spray/
3-in-1 probiotic promotes relaxation in dogs Want to support digestive health and calm behavior in your dog? Advanced Calming Formula from PetCultures contains prebiotics, canine-specific probiotic strains, and postbiotics. Made with L-theanine derived from green tea, it’s a sustainable and effective solution for anxiety, promoting relaxation without drowsiness. An ideal choice for dog parents seeking a natural and gentle approach to calmness! petcultures.com
What we love:
All-natural respiratory support
Can also be used to clean your dog or cat’s ears.
When a dog or cat loses his sense of smell, he can also lose his appetite. Formulated more than 100 years ago and still in use today, VetRx is an all-natural formula that promotes healthy respiratory function in dogs/ puppies, cats/kittens, and other animals. It can be administered by dropper to the nostrils, or used in a warm water vaporizer. goodwinol.com/vetrx-products
www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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ANIMAL BODYWORK
How Tui Na
helps keep your dog’s aches and pains at bay by Amy Snow & Nancy Zidonis
Also referred to as acupressure-massage therapy, Tui Na is very effective at resolving the aches and pains associated with musculoskeletal conditions in dogs. Our dogs know summer is a time for fun and frolicking, not aches and pains. They want to run and play in the warm, sunny weather, and who can blame them? So if you notice your dog is more sedentary than usual, and is avoiding activity, it’s important to find how why and how you can help her. Tui Na is one way to soothe your dog’s discomfort and get her moving again.
GET TO KNOW YOUR DOG’S BODY Using the palm of your hand, slowly and gently sweep over the contours of her body from head to hind paw. Repeat these flat-handed sweeps all over her and ask yourself the following questions: •
o you feel any areas on your dog’s body that seem tighter D or cooler?
•
re there any “lumpy” or soft places where the muscles A should be smooth and feel toned?
•
Are there any spots that are hotter than they should be?
•
oes your dog flinch or pull away when you touch her at D certain areas?
Hint: W atch how your dog walks. Is she favoring one side of her body? Is her movement fluid? Is she holding her head at the right level for her breed or mix?
Note any areas you think might potentially be a tight muscle or a tendon that feels hot. If your dog flinched when you touched her somewhere, repeat the touch and see if it happens again. If you have any concerns about what you find, contact your veterinarian for a checkup and follow his or her recommendations.
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Performing Tui Fa on a dog.
Tui Na Session If your dog is generally in good shape, and/or simply needs to get back in shape so she can enjoy some summer fun and activity, you can help her get back into action by offering this simple Tui Na session. There are two specific techniques you can use to make sure your dog’s muscles and tendons are supple and receiving the proper nourishment to be comfortably active.
1. Start with Tui Fa The first technique is called Tui Fa, which is a “pushing” technique. Using the heel of your hand, trace the Bladder Meridian from your dog’s neck (see chart below), down her back just off her spine, and over her hindquarter to the larger muscles on her hind leg. Trace the meridian gently, but with intent. Repeat Tui Fa three to six times on each side of your dog.
Hint: On a small dog, use the soft tip of your thumb instead of the heel of your hand.
2. Follow with Mo Fa Wherever you felt muscle tightness or cool areas on your dog’s body, you can use a different technique called Mo Fa. This is a circular rubbing technique. Mo Fa is primarily used to release and warm tight tissues, thus bringing nourishing energy and warming blood flow back into the tissues. Using a flat palm on your dog’s body (or the soft tip of your thumb or pointer finger on a small dog), apply light pressure and rub in a clockwise direction until you feel warmth emanating from the tissues.
Hint: When using either of these Tui Na techniques, be careful not to press too hard.
Mo Fa uses a circular motion.
Understanding Tui Na Tui Na is ancient Chinese acupressure-massage therapy. Tui is pronounced “tway”, with a long “a” and slight “ee” at the end, followed by “nah.” The words translate from Chinese to English as “push-grasp.” This form of bodywork has
When too much pressure is applied to an area, the body’s natural response is to contract to protect itself and the surrounding tissues. Pressing too hard will cause the tissues to react by contracting and tightening up again, which is exactly the opposite of what you want your dog to experience. Use gentle, relaxing pressure instead.
been used to heal people and animals for over 3,000 years.
As a healing therapy, Tui Na is gentle yet powerful, and effective at resolving muscle spasms and constrictions. When your dog’s muscles are well nourished and supple, she’ll feel her best and can enjoy running on the beach or hiking in the mountains. “Fun” is always the name of the game for our dogs, and Tui Na can help keep it that way!
For instance, when muscle tissue contracts and loses its
The purpose of Tui Na is to promote the circulation of energy, nourishing blood, and other vital substances to all the tissues of the body. These hands-on techniques are highly effective for resolving musculoskeletal conditions. elasticity and flexibility, the nerves in the tissue send pain signals to the brain. This muscle constriction usually results in limited, painful mobility. As a result, some dogs become self-protective and limit their activity, even during the summer when the weather is warm.
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now contributed a total of $3.2 million to dog and cat rescues, service dog providers, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury causes. Among the recipients are Guide Dogs for the Blind, National Service Dogs, Best Friends Animal Society, the Krempels Brain Injury Center, and many others. In addition to monetary funds, RAWZ also donated over 4,000 pounds of their food to four animal organizations based in Houston, Texas: Houston Humane Society, K9 Angels Rescue, Houston Pets Alive, and Friends For Life Animal Shelter. rawznaturalpetfood.com/rawz-fund www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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CANINE HELPERS
How dogs are transforming the lives of prison inmates by Vivien Fellegi
Prison dog programs not only help offenders turn their lives around — they also give a second chance to dogs in need. When it comes to the life-changing impact that dogs can have on humans, probably the most striking and profound examples come from prison inmates. These hurt, hardened, embittered individuals frequently respond more positively to dogs than they do to their fellow humans. Thanks to a growing number of prison dog programs, which bring inmates together with canine companions, more and more offenders are turning their lives around.
INSECURE ATTACHMENTS CAN PREDISPOSE PEOPLE TO CRIMINAL ACTIVITY According to attachment theory, babies form a secure attachment to their mothers, who are tuned into them and able to fulfill their needs. Inconsistent care from the mother, however, leads to an insecure attachment. “These relationship styles become templates for subsequent bonds,” says Colleen Dell, a professor at the University of Saskatoon who studies the human-animal bond. “Children with secure attachments connect authentically with others, while those with insecure ties are more anxious to belong, and more likely to get involved in criminal activity.”
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Holly and her Siberian Husky friend, Meeko, are part of The Doghouse program.
DOGS OFFER NON-JUDGMENTAL SUPPORT This is where dogs come in. By offering non-judgmental comfort and support to prison inmates, a dog becomes a surrogate attachment figure. “The dog gives you attention that you didn’t have to do anything for,” Colleen says. “That would be the definition of helpful parenting.” Once the dogs gain their trust, offenders tend to open up more to other humans. As testimony, let’s take a look at two prison dog programs — The Doghouse and Marley’s Mutts Pawsitive Change Prison Program — both of which are howling successes.
THE DOGHOUSE — FRASER VALLEY INSTITUTION, ABBOTTSFORD, BC Odin is terrified by the unfamiliar noises in the prison — his body is shaking and his tail is between his legs. Inmate Amanda can relate — she too is scared of loud sounds. She takes the dog back to her cottage and cuddles with him until he’s calm. They bond instantly. “When I’m comforting Odin,” says Amanda, “he’s also comforting me.”
Offenders not only learn techniques such as recognizing animal body language and practicing dog first aid, but also acquire skills such as communication, discipline and responsibility, according to Alicia Santella, manager of the program. These abilities can transfer into any job they pursue upon release. Amanda never had the opportunity to gain soft skills. Now 38, she grew up neglected by her parents, who favored her siblings. “I just felt alone all the time,” she says. Incarceration made her feel even lonelier, as she became estranged from her relatives. She grew deeply depressed and rarely left her room. But the Doghouse program snapped her out of her doldrums. The woman who used to sleep in every day now rises at dawn to feed the dogs in the kennel. Her people skills have improved, and she’s now able to handle “difficult” co-workers. Most importantly, the dogs have affirmed Amanda’s intrinsic worth. “They just love me, no matter what I do,” she says.
Photo courtesy of Mike Powell
Odin is now calm and happy, thanks to loving care from inmate Amanda.
Program participants’ self-worth rises alongside their accomplishments, adds Alicia. Most of The Doghouse’s clients are pleased with the superior care their dogs receive, and contact with supportive members of the public “can help build [the inmates’] confidence in themselves,” Alicia says. Amanda has blossomed since joining The Doghouse. Many clients have praised her work, telling her their dogs don’t want to leave her care and come home. Amanda has also forged some close relationships among her fellow dog-lovers, some of whom she now considers her new family. “I’m happier,” she says. “I’m smiling all the time.”
Photo courtesy of Stephanie Taylor
Amanda is one of roughly 250 inmates who have participated in The Doghouse, a vocational training program for offenders at the Fraser Valley Institution. The program provides grooming, boarding, and dog training services for the public, and also teaches basic obedience to rescue dogs from the Langley Animal Protection Society. The program also benefits inmates in a huge way.
The Pawsitive Change program restored Melvin's self-esteem he's now a dog trainer.
MARLEY’S MUTTS PAWSITIVE CHANGE PRISON PROGRAM — NORTH KERN STATE PRISON, DELANO, CA Burly inmate Melvin struts across the yard at North Kern State Prison and encounters a rare situation — a creature who defies him. Leila, his first dog in Marley’s Mutts Pawsitive Change Prison Program, is an unruly poodle who barks at staff and tackles other animals. Melvin reins her in by teaching her to sit still on a mat during the dogs’ playtime. He earns Leila’s obedience, and discovers how to mold an animal using connection rather than coercion. The program, which pairs death row dogs in shelters with incarcerated inmates inside California state prisons, has brought redemption to over 1,000 humans and more than 500 dogs. During the 14-week program, inmate students are taught dog training techniques. The rehabilitation is bi-directional. The under-socialized dogs are mostly unadoptable and slated for euthanasia when they first enter the Pawsitive Change program, according to founder Zach Skow. But by the end, they’re become model canine citizens and most find forever homes. Meanwhile, the inmates learn empathy as they recognize themselves in their abandoned and often abused charges. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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Connecting with dogs helped Melvin reconnect with his family.
Photo courtesy of Stephanie Taylor
As his successes mounted, Melvin’s self-esteem increased. Watching the dogs improve kindled hope in his own ability to change. The work also fostered a sense of purpose. Even though he was still in prison, Melvin had found a way to “give back,” he says. “It was fulfilling.”
Empathy was in short supply during Melvin’s childhood. He was only five when his father was murdered. “That left me with a void,” he says, and an “unbearable pain” that he suppressed. But the loss made him more vulnerable to peer pressure, and at age 11, he joined a gang that schooled him in drug-dealing and violence. “If I had to make a statement, it wasn’t by talking,” says Melvin. The Pawsitive Change program challenges these machismo attitudes by teaching inmates how to access troubling emotions like sadness or anger before they’re transmitted to the dogs, says Zach. When students are faced with unproductive feelings, they’re encouraged to process them by talking to a teammate or just taking a break. Students also learn to tune in to the dogs’ experiences. If a dog becomes aggressive when touched, for example, inmates are invited to view this as a manifestation of fear rather than a personal insult, says dog trainer Nhut Vo. Students learn to accommodate these frightened animals, using a longer leash to give them more space. This flexible approach to relationships can also be applied to human interactions, Nhut advises.
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Collaboration is another outcome of the Pawsitive Change program. While the prison system is racially segregated, the participants have to cooperate to train the animals, says Nhut. Inmates frequently pool their money to buy treats for the dogs and celebrate their adoptions with brownies. These lessons have generated impressive outcomes. Most graduates find work in the pet industry after they’re released, says Zach. Not one has reoffended. Today, Melvin is thriving. Since his release from prison eight months ago, he’s reconnected with his family and procured work as a dog trainer. “I’m thankful just to be in the sun, watching dogs play,” he says. “It’s beautiful.”
An inmate with the Pawsitive Change program celebrates graduation day with his canine friend.
DOGS IN THE MOVIES
Arthur the King Celebrates the Human-canine Bond
A true story of friendship between an adventure racer and a street dog.
Carlos Rodriguez, courtesy of Lionsgate
If you have a dog, you know the bond you share with him is precious. Sometimes, that bond is so profound that it merits special recognition. Arthur the King, a new movie released in March of this year, focuses on an astounding connection forged between a man and a stray dog. Based on the book Arthur: The Dog Who Crossed the Jungle to Find a Home, by Mikael Lindnord, the film follows the true story of pro adventure racer, Michael Light (played by Mark Wahlberg), and Arthur, a scrappy street dog he makes friends with during his last-bid attempt to win the Adventure Racing World Championship in 2018. The gruelling five-day journey pushes Michael and his team of fellow athletes to the limits of their endurance as they race through the mountainous jungle terrain of the Dominican Republic. The second day in, during a stop at a transition camp, a hungry stray dog shows up, and Michael feeds him some meatballs. Later in the race, the dog turns up again in the middle of the jungle, and starts following Michael and his team, who adopt him and call him Arthur the King.
Carlos Rodriguez, courtesy of Lionsgate
Arthur turns out to be a persistent and loyal companion. Not only does he rescue one of Michael’s team members, Leo, from falling off a cliff, but he insists on swimming after them when they take to sea in kayaks for part of the trek. When Michael sees the determined canine is about to drown, they turn back to save him. Because of the delay, they lose the race, coming in second place. Michael takes Arthur back to the US and gives the feisty little dog the loving home he worked so hard to earn. Though disappointed at losing the race, Michael gains a faithful friend that teaches him what victory really means. arthurtheking.movie
Carlos Rodriguez, courtesy of Lionsgate
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HEALING INSIDE & OUT
Spay/neuter surgery can be stressful and uncomfortable for your dog, so proper post-op care is essential for a smooth and speedy recovery.
How to help your DOG RECOVER from SPAY/ NEUTER SURGERY – A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE Like most things, spaying or neutering our dogs has its pros and cons. While it can reduce the risk of certain cancers and behavioral issues, it can also increase the chances of other cancers and health problems down the road. Either way, the surgery itself can be stressful and uncomfortable for your four-legged friend. If you opt to spay/neuter your own dog, knowing how to help them through the recovery process will go a long way to ensuring their comfort and well-being.
PREPARING FOR SURGERY Here are some general guidelines to help prepare your dog for the procedure: •
Consult with your vet: Schedule a pre-surgery
•
Follow fasting instructions: Your veterinarian
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consultation to discuss the procedure, potential risks, and post-operative care instructions. Be sure you’re having the surgery done at the ideal age for your dog. For example, if you have a large breed, it’s best to wait until they’re at least a year old to avoid the possible future development of musculoskeletal problems, such as hip dysplasia or cranial cruciate ligament disease. will likely advise you to withhold food and water for a specific period before the surgery to prevent complications during anesthesia. Be sure to follow these instructions, even if your dog is hard to resist!
by Okusaga Omoleye
Behavioral changes after spay-neuter After spaying or neutering, you may notice some behavioral changes in your dog, such as a decrease in roaming and marking behaviors, reduced aggression, and a lower likelihood of matingrelated behaviors like mounting. However, each dog is unique, so the extent of behavioral changes can vary from animal to animal. It's always a good idea to talk to your veterinarian for personalized advice about your dog's specific circumstances.
Emotional support for the healing process In addition to physical care, emotional support is important to your dog's well-being while recovering from spay/neuter surgery. Here are some ways to help them feel safe and loved: 1.
Comfort and reassurance: Spend quality time with your dog, offering gentle cuddles and reassuring words to alleviate any anxiety or stress they may be experiencing.
2. Routine and familiarity: Stick to your dog's regular routine as much as possible to provide a sense of stability and familiarity during this period of change. 3. Positive reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement techniques, such as healthy treats and praise, to encourage good behavior and reinforce the bond between you and your dog. 4. Patience and understanding: Know that your dog may be feeling sore and tired after surgery, so be understanding. if they seem less active or responsive than usual.
CARING FOR YOUR DOG AFTER SURGERY
•
Prevent licking or chewing: Excessive licking or
•
Provide proper nutrition and hydration: Offer your
•
Be diligent about follow-up care: Attend any
After spay-neuter surgery, your dog will need extra care and attention to ensure a smooth recovery. Here are some tips to help them recuperate: •
•
Create a recovery area: Prepare a comfortable and
quiet recovery area for your dog, with soft bedding and familiar toys to help them feel secure. Manage pain: Your veterinarian may prescribe pain
medication or alternative remedies to keep your dog comfortable during the recovery period. Follow the dosage instructions carefully and monitor for any signs of discomfort.
•
Restrict activity: Limit your dog’s physical activity
•
Monitor the incision site: Keep a close eye on the
for the first few days to prevent complications and allow proper healing. Avoid activities such as running, jumping, or rough play. Strenuous activity increases your dog’s risk of developing swelling around the incision site that could result in the sutures prematurely dissolving, or the incision opening. incision site for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge. Contact your vet immediately if you notice any concerning symptoms. Be sure to keep the incision dry; moisture creates an environment where bacteria can thrive, leading to complications such as infection or delayed healing.
chewing can also cause infection or slow the healing process. To prevent your dog from irritating the surgical site, use an Elizabethan collar (cone) or a medical pet shirt to restrict access to the area. The collar or shirt should be worn for ten to 15 days following surgery. dog healthy, easy-to-digest meals in small portions, along with plenty of fresh water, to support their recovery. Keep in mind they may feel nauseated at first, and that it can take up to 48 hours for their appetite to return to normal. Follow any dietary recommendations provided by your veterinarian.
follow-up appointments scheduled by your veterinarian to ensure your dog is healing properly. They may need to remove stitches or assess your dog’s recovery progress. Also be sure to consult your vet if you have any concerns or questions about your dog's postoperative care.
Helping your dog recover from spay/neuter surgery requires patience, diligence, and a lot of love. By following these guidelines and providing the necessary care and support, you can help ensure your best friend experiences a smooth and comfortable recovery process. With proper attention and affection, your dog will be back to their happy, healthy self before you know it! www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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AT THE SHELTER
HOW DO ANIMAL SHELTERS PREPARE FOR EMERGENCIES? by Sandra Murphy
Whether it’s a burst pipe or a wildfire, animal shelters need to be ready to respond to emergencies at a moment’s notice. From electrical fires to natural disasters, a range of emergencies impact animal shelters, just as they do our homes or businesses. It can be challenging enough to ensure your own dog or cat stays safe during a crisis. But how do animal shelters, which often have dozens of dogs and cats in their care, manage to keep their four-footed residents protected and cared for?
THREE RULES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Dr. Douglas Mader is a veterinarian as well as a certified first responder and a consultant for both branches of the Florida Keys SPCA. As such, he is well-versed in helping shelters prep for disaster, and has three rules for emergency situations: 1.
The shelter needs a detailed plan for emergencies — one that includes evacuation protocols as well as shelter-inplace protocols.
2.
The plan should be reviewed and updated often — once a month if possible, especially if the shelter is located in a region prone to natural disasters such as hurricanes, wildfires or floods.
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3.
D gs Cats
Individual staff members and/or volunteers should be assigned to take responsibility for specific jobs. However, because some individuals may be unable to reach the facility during a crisis, everyone should be cross-trained to fill in as needed.
"Having an Emergency Standard Operating Procedure in place for an animal shelter is paramount to ensuring the safety and well-being of the animals in our care,” says Guinnevere Shuster, Director of Marketing & Communications at the Humane Society of Utah. “It equips our team with the knowledge and tools to respond swiftly and effectively in crisis situations, minimizing stress and risk for both the animals and staff.”
COVERING ALL THE BASES IN TIMES OF CRISIS •
To help prepare for an emergency, all the animals in a shelter’s care need proper identification that must travel with them if evacuation is necessary. This means good record-keeping is vital. Medical records need to be up to date and attached to the animal or her crate/carrier. Older and special needs animals must travel with clear care instructions. All records for each dog and cat should be saved offsite and in the cloud, in case computers and paper records at the facility are unavailable or destroyed.
•
Shelters are advised to prepare emergency kits with several days’ worth of food, water and medicine for all the animals, and keep the kits near their crates or cages. This helps make for a smoother, swifter evacuation if it becomes necessary to leave quickly.
•
Extra sets of clean scrubs, along with a store of food and water, are important for staff and volunteers in the event they need to shelter in place.
•
Dr. Mader suggests shelters keep an extra month’s supply of regularly prescribed medicines on hand.
•
During power outages, a generator helps keep shelter animals cool in the summer, and warm in the winter.
•
When feasible, an offsite storage unit can be invaluable for extra crates, food, bottled water, bowls, and blankets.
•
Practice drills allow staff and volunteers to learn evacuation routes, emergency procedures, and their individual responsibilities during a crisis.
Animal shelters house a lot of dogs and cats, but with a well-thought-out and frequently-rehearsed emergency plan in place, they can save every precious life in the event of an emergency or disaster.
SHELTERS HELPING SHELTERS If evacuation is necessary, temporary foster homes for the animals, or transport to other shelters, may be needed. Reciprocal agreements with one or more shelters allows a facility out of harm’s way to take in animals displaced by evacuation. Often, shelters will have several agreements in place. “We have reciprocal agreements with two local municipal animal shelters in the region to assist with housing should something ever happen to our building,” says Guinnevere.
ASSESSING IN-SHELTER RISKS Shelters often consult with local fire departments, police departments, and rescue units, which can have someone walk through the facility and point out areas of concern. For example, bags of dry food may attract vermin that could chew on electrical wiring and cause a fire. Police may advise installation of a silent alarm system in case of disgruntled clients or thieves. Rescue units can suggest improved mass exit plans and placement for backup generators. “We consulted the local fire department and have alarms that, when activated, contact them directly,” says Guinnevere. “The fire department responds quickly, even if it's just a bag of burnt popcorn in the microwave that sets off the alarm.”
EVACUATION OR SHELTER IN PLACE? Depending on the nature of the emergency, shelter staff and volunteers need to be able to leap into action immediately. •
In the event of a hurricane, people are alerted far enough ahead of time that they can board up windows and take cover or leave. Volunteer drivers have the time to evacuate dogs and cats to an area outside the storm’s path.
•
With a tornado, there can be very little warning. A blaring public announcement to head for cover is often the first clue a funnel cloud is approaching. This means shelter staff need to know the safest locations inside the facility where they can move the animals to shelter in place.
•
Floods can go either way; there may be time to sandbag, but flash floods can roar through a formerly dry creek bed without much notice. Shelters situated near rivers or low-lying areas need to be cognizant of local flood risks.
•
Wildfires travel fast and change direction with the wind, so animal shelters in fire-prone regions need to stay informed about any nearby blazes and prepare to evacuate if conditions worsen.
www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
Dogs are as prone to stress, anxiety and depression as we are. Knowing how and why these issues manifest, and the differences between them, will help you better understand your dog’s behavior.
Is your dog
stressed – or depressed? by Claudia Bensimoun
Stress, anxiety and depression are common mental health problems among humans. They can also affect our dogs. When it comes to our canine companions, however, it can be challenging to know exactly how they are feeling, and what their behavior might be signaling. Because your dog can’t tell you he’s stressed, anxious or depressed, you have to rely on other means to figure out what’s going on. For example, does a stressed or anxious dog behave the same way as a depressed dog? How do you tell the difference? Read on to see what Dr. Nicholas Dodman, BVMS, DACVA, DACVB, and CEO of the non-profit Center for Canine Behavior Studies, has to say on this topic.
Q: CAN DOGS EXPERIENCE ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION THE WAY HUMANS DO?
A: A 2019 study entitled “Demographics and Comorbidity of Behavior Problems in Dogs” involved 4,114 dogs, 85% of which were exhibiting behavior problems. Almost half of those dogs (44%) were considered by their families to be fearful or anxious. The contexts in which dogs express anxiety are similar to those that elicit anxiety in people, and may be related to animate, inanimate, or situational cues. Signs of anxiety in dogs include panting, pacing, vocalizing, salivating, hiding, acting out, and autonomic nervous system signs such as dilated pupils, increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and inappropriate elimination.
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Depression is a distinct condition, but may be triggered by anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, or separation anxiety. Depression can occur in dogs that find themselves in an unresolvable situation, such as bereavement following the loss of a closely-bonded human or canine friend, or the inability to avoid some inescapable ongoing pernicious experience. The latter is often termed “learned helplessness.”
Q: CAN YOU TALK ABOUT THE
CHEMISTRY OF A DOG'S NERVOUS SYSTEM IN A STATE OF ANXIETY? A: Anxiety occurs when the emotional brain overpowers the cognitive brain, so instead of being able to reason their way out of a disturbing situation, dogs find themselves in an uncontrollable feedback loop of negative feelings and sensations. The emotional brain is the more primitive region of the brain, and is located in the temporal lobe, specifically the limbic system. The amygdala is part of the limbic system, and is instrumental in promoting feelings of anxiety.
Several neurotransmitters play a role in modulating anxiety, including norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA).
exercise (which generates mood-stabilizing serotonin), arranging for pleasurable distractions, and giving the dog consistent care and support.
Q: ARE DEPRESSION AND STRESS
Q: HOW DO PLAY AND CANINE
LINKED IN DOGS, AND CAN DOGS EXPERIENCE BOTH AT THE SAME TIME? HOW DO THEY DIFFER WHEN IT COMES TO SYMPTOMS? A: The effects of stress and depression are similar in both humans and dogs. There are several levels of stress, ranging from mild to severe, and the results are various degrees of nervousness, anxiety, irritability, and even repetitive, selfsoothing behaviors. The effects of chronic or long-term stress may lead to depression, a mood disorder that makes dogs appear sad and disinterested in things they would normally enjoy. Depression also affects appetite and sleep habits, and causes a lack of energy, enthusiasm, and motivation.
Q: WHAT TYPES OF SITUATIONS TRIGGER THESE PROBLEMS?
A: Stress can be triggered by a number of different events and circumstances. It may be short-lived or ongoing, depending on the cause. A change in family (“pack”) structure or a geographic move may cause stress in sensitive dogs. Certain individuals seem more prone to stressful situations while others are more resilient. Other causes of stress include loud noises (e.g. weather events or a nearby shooting range), inconsistent interactions from the dog’s human, and separation from loved ones. Extremely sensitive dogs with separation-induced stress may lapse into depression and become withdrawn, inactive, and totally inappetant — another example of learned helplessness.
Q: WHAT BEHAVIORAL TREATMENTS CAN COMBAT ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN DOGS?
A: Eliminating the source of anxiety is key, and may include not leaving the dog alone for extended periods, or removing them from the anxiety-inducing situation. In the case of depression, changing a sad circumstances can be helpful — for example, getting a new puppy as a friend for a dog depressed by bereavement. General background measures that are likely to quell both stress and anxiety as well as depression include increased
FRIENDS AT THE DOG PARK AFFECT ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION? A: Playing with another canine encourages anxious or depressed dogs to come out of their shells, and is generally beneficial, if the depressed dog can be induced to play. However, dog parks are a mixed bag when it comes to reducing anxiety and depression. Some anxious dogs that previously loved spending time with canine friends at the dog park may find the experience helpful. On the other hand, some don’t enjoy the rowdiness of dog parks and may slink off to the side or even hide under a bench. In this case, especially if anxiety is somehow linked to experiences at the dog park, it is better to arrange play with a trusted canine friend at home in the yard, or some other relatively secluded location.
Q: WHY IS EDUCATION KEY TO LIVING IN HARMONY WITH OUR DOGS?
A: While dogs and humans are separate species with somewhat different biological agendas, we have shared emotions, and there is considerable overlap in much of our mutual understanding of the world around us. Claiming that “dogs are people” is a step too far; on the other hand, assuming dogs are emotionless automatons is a mistake in the opposite direction. This means learning how our dogs think, and what they are or aren’t capable of, is invaluable. For the overly anthropomorphic, realizing that dogs are dogs and not furry people can help adjust their expectations and behavior in a dog-centric way. For people with less appreciation for canine emotions and sentience, education will improve the way they perceive their canine companions, and thus improve their interactions and behavior toward their four-legged friends. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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Q: WHERE SHOULD PEOPLE SEEK
HELP FOR DOGS WITH STRESS OR DEPRESSION? A: Help is available in the form of trainers, non-veterinary behaviorists, and veterinary behaviorists. Trainers are equivalent to human family counsellors; non-veterinary behaviorists are the canine psychologists; and veterinary behaviorists are the dog psychiatrists, who can diagnose and medically treat really serious behavior problems. Specialists who are qualified in these areas, as opposed to being self-professed, are clearly a cut above. If a trainer or non-veterinary behaviorist cannot fix a problem, then a local vet should be the next port of call because 15% of dogs with intractable behavior problems have been shown to have some contributory or causative medical issue. Veterinary behaviorists can be more challenging to access because there aren’t as many of them, and they’re geographically remote from many dog parents.
Q: WHAT ARE THE LONG-TERM
EFFECTS OF STRESS, AND WHAT HAPPENS IF IT’S NOT TREATED? A: Long-term stress is associated with a number of physical issues, many mediated by elevated blood levels of the steroid hormone, cortisol. Chronic cortisol elevation depresses immune function, increasing susceptibility to infections and cancer. Catecholamines such as epinephrine (adrenaline) are also chronically elevated by stress, raising blood pressure and causing negative effects such as increased susceptibility to stroke and deteriorating heart function. Digestive issues are also common because of alterations in the blood-gut axis. If untreated, chronic stress can shorten a dog’s life due to any of the above conditions.
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Q: HOW CAN WE REDUCE STRESS,
ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION IN OUR DOGS? WHAT ABOUT SHELTER DOGS THAT MAY HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTS? A: Socialization with people and other dogs is the most important thing a new puppy parent can do. Socialization in early life prevents the development of serious issues such as fear aggression, and equips a dog to be more confident and well-balanced as an adult. Exposure to sights and sounds is also important to prevent negative reactions to events they will experience as adult dogs. The most sensitive period for such learning is the first three to four months of a puppy’s life. Of course, this is not possible with shelter dogs adopted later in life. Their early experiences are something of a black box and may have been either good or deficient. All one can do under these circumstances is to work with any shortcomings that become evident, with professional help if necessary. For adult dogs, daily exercise and an enriched environment for mental stimulation are essential for continued health and wellbeing, and to prevent the stress of loneliness and boredom. Educating yourself on how and why stress, anxiety and depression manifest in dogs will deepen your understanding of your canine companion while strengthening your bond. It also puts you in a much better position to help him when his behavior suggests his mental/emotional health isn’t up to par.
IN THE NEWS
STUDY SHOWS
Dogs Can Match Some
s d r o W with Objects We’ve long suspected dogs possess a remarkable ability to understand some human language. But the extent of their comprehension has remained a subject of debate and intrigue. Recent research has provided groundbreaking insights into the cognitive abilities of dogs, particularly when it comes to their understanding of object words. Conducted at Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, Hungary, the study (published in cell.com) investigated canine cognition by probing dogs’ understanding of object words using EEG. What they discovered was nothing short of astonishing: a human-like event-related brain potential (ERP) effect was evoked in dogs when presented with objects primed with matching or mismatching object words. In simpler terms, it revealed that dogs possess the ability to form mental representations of objects based on the words used to describe them. This suggests that dogs not only recognize the sounds of specific words, but also associate them with the objects they represent. When a word is mismatched with its corresponding object, dogs exhibit neural responses indicative of semantic processing, similar to humans. These findings challenge previous notions that referential understanding of object words is exclusive to
humans, and underscores the remarkable cognitive abilities of our canine companions. It suggests that dogs’ comprehension of language extends beyond mere conditioning or association and involves a deeper understanding of semantic meaning. So, what does this mean for dog parents? Firstly, it highlights the importance of considering the cognitive abilities of dogs in our interactions and training methods. Understanding that dogs can grasp the meaning behind words opens up new avenues for communication and training techniques that capitalize on their natural cognitive abilities. Secondly, it underscores the need for further research into canine cognition and communication. By closely exploring the minds of dogs, we can gain valuable insights that not only enhance our understanding of their behavior but also improve their welfare and quality of life. Finally, this study serves as a reminder of the incredible bond that exists between us and our dogs. The fact that dogs are capable of understanding and processing language in a manner similar to humans further strengthens the unique connection we share with these remarkable animals. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS
VETERINARY BEHAVIORISTS — who are they and how can they help your dog? BY CHRISTINE CAPLAN, CVT You’ve probably heard about veterinary behaviorists, but may not be sure what they do. Learn more about these professionals and how they can help dogs with behavior problems.
If your dog is having behavioral problems, your first port of call for answers and assistance might be your veterinarian or a dog trainer. But there’s another category of veterinary professionals who can lend a hand — the veterinary behaviorist. These individuals help you better understand animal behavior, thereby enhancing your ability to communicate with your dog, and strengthening the relationship you share with him. Read on to find out what veterinary behaviorists do and how they can help when your dog is “acting out”.
What veterinary behaviorists do Board-certified veterinary behaviorists are veterinarians who have graduated from a recognized college of veterinary medicine and completed at least one year of internship or primary care practice. They have also done additional behavior-specific training, and are held accountable to local and state veterinary practice laws. The American College of Veterinary Behaviorists (ACVB) is the American Veterinary Medical Associationrecognized specialist organization for veterinary behaviorist certification. Training for a vet behavior specialty requires three to five years, and residents must treat hundreds of cases under veterinary supervision before striking out on their own. Accredited board-certified veterinary behaviorists mentor the residents, who must pass a 16-hour exam to achieve certification. All veterinary behaviorists are
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diplomates and will have the initials “DACVB” in their title (DACVB stands for Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists). Pointer: A board-certified veterinary behaviorist is basically a veterinary psychologist.
“People bring their pets to me when they have serious behavior problems such as aggression, separation-related disorders, noise and storm phobia, debilitating fears, and compulsive behaviors,” says Dr. Lisa Radosta, DVM, DACVB. “I understand that going to a veterinary behaviorist may seem weird to some. Many people don’t even know that veterinarians like me exist!”
HOW TO FIND A VETERINARY BEHAVIORIST To find a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists, visit dacvb.org and search for one in your area. If you’re not able to book an immediate appointment, or the behaviorists aren’t located in your area, ask if they offer video or telephone appointments.
How a veterinary behaviorist works with you and your dog A veterinary behaviorist can help if your dog is exhibiting behavioral problems such as aggression, anxiety, cognitive decline, destruction, house soiling, or other issues. They will evaluate your dog, diagnose the underlying cause (which can sometimes be a physical health problem — see sidebar at right), and recommend treatment. Pointer: The veterinary behaviorist will also help you learn how to speak “dog”. When you better understand your dog, you can prevent problems and more easily follow management techniques for specific behavioral issues.
Following are some ways a veterinary behaviorist can help you and your dog:
1 2 3
rovide positive training solutions: They will P help identify the cause of your dog’s problem behavior, create a customized plan using positive training methods, and teach you how to carry it out successfully. Diagnose medical and environmental causes: Veterinary behaviorists work to uncover any medical issues, or stressors in the environment, that could be contributing to behavioral problems. Prescribe treatment plans: For a dog struggling with anxiety, fear, or aggression, a veterinary behaviorist may recommend medication and/or holistic calming remedies, structured desensitization, or other clinical interventions. Treatment plans can address issues such as: a. Separation anxiety b. Destructive chewing c. Lunging at other dogs on the leash d. Destructive digging e. Fears and phobias — e.g. fears of storms and loud noises, or of strangers or people in general.
4
Educate you for the long run: An essential part of any behavioral treatment plan is to give you guidance for building on your training progress and maintaining a healthy bond with your dog.
5
Collaborate with other veterinary experts: By collaborating with veterinarians, trainers, and animal shelter staff, veterinary behaviorists work to resolve
REMEMBER — BEHAVIORIAL ISSUES CAN BE CAUSED BY HEALTH PROBLEMS Behavioral problems in dogs, such as growling or snapping, can often be caused by pain or discomfort arising from a physical health issue. An older dog in particular may “act out” because he has an undetected illness or injury. Both your regular veterinarian and a veterinary behaviorist can help you determine if your dog has an underlying medical issue. “In about 50% of my patients, I find health problems that are likely contributory factors, such as orthopedic deficits, metabolic disease, urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and intestinal parasites,” says Dr. Radosta.
canine behavior issues through a multidisciplinary approach.
When to know if your dog might benefit from a consult A fearful dog may become aggressive, anxious, or withdrawn, so recognizing fear in your dog is the first step. Any dog that displays behaviors such as the aforesaid fear and anxiety, as well as aggression towards people, separation anxiety, noise and thunderstorm phobias, and a fear of anything new or strange, may benefit from an initial consultation.
Pointer: A board-certified individual is the best choice for addressing your dog’s behavioral issues.
“Unfortunately and sadly, we are often the last resort for many pets,” says Dr. Radosta. “I saw two animals this week alone where the clients reported they had considered euthanasia. This isn’t uncommon at all. I want people to know that this type of care is available and that we can help. There is almost always something we can do to help our patients.” As dog parents, it’s our responsibility to ensure the wellbeing and happiness of our canine companions. Behavior problems mean something’s wrong, whatever their cause, and seeking help from a veterinary behaviorist is one of the best ways to address them. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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Summers seem to be getting hotter, which means you need to be more vigilant than ever at protecting your dog from heat stroke.
SAFETY FIRST
Heat Stroke in– what Dogs you need to know by Jennifer Hinders
s
ummer is the perfect time to be outside with your dog, whether you’re playing fetch in the backyard, or going for long walks together. But when the days heat up, so does the risk of heat stroke in your dog. This means you need to understand and recognize the symptoms of heat stroke, what to do if you think your dog has it, and how to prevent this potentially lifethreatening situation.
HEATSTROKE EXPLAINED Heat stroke occurs when a dog’s body fails to disperse stored-up heat from being in a hot environment, or when he’s exercised in overly hot weather. When a dog has heat stroke, his body temperature can get as high as 105°F. This causes damage to his central nervous system and can lead to organ failure. The organs most at risk from heat stroke are the kidneys, heart, liver, and brain. When this happens, death can occur within 24 hours.
HEAT EXHAUSTION AND HEAT STROKE
– signs and symptoms 1. Heat exhaustion
As in humans, heat exhaustion may be a precursor to heat stroke in dogs. If you notice any of the following signs of heat exhaustion in your dog, immediately move him to a cool, ventilated area, turn on a fan, offer fresh water, and put a cool (not cold) wet towel on his head and back: •
Heavy panting
•
Looking for water
•
Signs of anxiety or agitation
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Able to walk but seems weak.
2. Heat stroke This is a medical emergency, so if your dog develops any of the following symptoms, he needs immediate veterinary attention: •
Confusion or disorientation
•
Collapse
•
Diarrhea
•
Elevated body temp over 105°F
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Heavy panting
•
Racing heart rate
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Seizures
Hot temps put all dogs at risk for heat stroke, but some are more susceptible, including:
•
Vomiting
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Excessive drooling
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Dogs with short snouts, such as Bulldogs, Boston Terriers, Shih Tzus, Boxers, and other brachycephalic breeds
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Reddish gums
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Lethargy or drowsiness
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Young puppies and old dogs
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Loss of balance
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Overweight dogs
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Stumbling
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Those with heart or thyroid problems.
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Trouble breathing
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ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR HEAT STROKE
Stand in the shade when you take your dog outside to do his business. In the event of heat stroke, get your dog to a veterinarian immediately. Drive with the windows down and AC on high to help cool off your dog. Even with treatment, heat stroke can lead to death. Dogs that survive may not have long-term problems but will be more susceptible to heat stroke in the future. That said, when a dog's body temperature gets too high, he may suffer permanent kidney, brain, or other organ damage.
PREVENTING HEAT STROKE IS THE SAFEST OPTION Pay attention to the outside temps when you walk or exercise your dog during the summer. If it’s extremely hot and humid, it's best to keep him indoors. Here are some other tips to prevent heat stroke in your dog: •
Walk your dog in the early mornings or evenings.
•
Keep walks short.
•
Stand in the shade when you take your dog outside to do his business.
•
Make sure your dog has 24/7 access to fresh water.
•
Never leave your dog in an environment that could potentially lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke — especially your car. When we’re enjoying summer, it’s easy to forget how the heat affects our dogs. Taking steps to ensure your dog stays cool, while being on the alert for any signs of distress that might signal heat exhaustion or heat stroke, will help keep him safe and healthy on even the hottest days.
ENVIRONMENT AND EXERCISE – hot weather considerations for your dog
1. Environmental concerns If your dog is outside in the yard for any length of time, make sure to provide him with plenty of shade and fresh water. This includes poolside — swimming pool decks are extremely hot environments for dogs. Note that even these accommodations may not be enough to prevent heat stroke on excessively hot days. It should also go without saying that leaving your dog in the car without the AC on is very dangerous — temperatures inside a parked vehicle can rise to deadly levels within minutes. Recommendation: On the hottest summer days, it’s best to keep your dog inside with AC or a fan, and plenty of water available, except for quick potty breaks. If you have to go out to shop or run errands on a hot day, don’t take your dog with you, even if he loves car rides. Leave him at home where he can stay cool and safe.
2. Exercising in hot weather No matter your dog’s age or breed, he’ll be at risk for heat stroke if he gets too much outdoor exercise on a hot, humid summer day. Even a short walk can cause heat stroke. Recommendation: When it’s exceptionally hot outside, walk your dog early in the morning or at night to avoid exposing him to the heat. Avoid vigorous exercise such as running or ball-chasing. Instead, exercise your dog indoors with a game of fetch up and down the hall, or set up a simple agility course with boxes and other household items. This way, he’ll get the necessary exercise without the risk of heat stroke.
When a dog has heat stroke, his body temperature can get as high as 105°F.
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AGING WELL
7
ways to improve your senior dog’s twilight years by Sharon Elber
Senior dogs need extra care and attention in order to stay happy and healthy as long as possible. This guide helps you do the same for your own beloved old companion. As our dogs enter the final stages of their lives, we often notice changes in their habits, behavior and overall health. Watching your canine companion get more tired, sensitive, and slow can be an unsettling experience, but there are many ways to help her navigate her senior years comfortably and safely, and with good quality of life. Let’s explore seven ways you can help your dog through her twilight years.
2. MAKE SURE HE HAS A
COMFORTABLE LIVING SPACE •
All dogs sleep a lot, but senior dogs tend to sleep even more. So make sure you offer your older dog a comfy bed in a quiet spot so he can nap whenever he needs to. A thick memory foam mattress is a great idea — quality memory foam provides support for aging joints, while also being soft enough to make your dog feel comfortable. Bedding and pillows can make the bed feel even easier to lie on.
•
If your dog develops mobility issues, consider ramps or steps to help him reach higher surfaces such as your bed, the sofa, or the backseat of your car. Make sure his bed, bowls and toys are in accessible areas that don’t require him to climb a lot of stairs.
•
Some dogs develop vision problems as they age, which means it’s important not to move your furniture around or leave anything in the middle of the floor where he might bump into or trip over it.
1. GIVE HIM QUALITY NUTRITION A healthy balanced diet is as crucial for your dog as it is for you, especially as he ages. •
Give him a high quality, easy-to-digest food made from wholesome ingredients and no chemical preservatives or other synthetic ingredients.
•
You may have read that senior dogs don’t need as much protein, but that’s not necessarily true. Quality protein should still be the focal point of your dog’s diet, although older canines don’t normally need as many calories as young active dogs. Usually, it just means your dog will need to eat a bit less than he used to. In any case, make sure to keep an eye on his weight and adjust his diet as needed with the help of your veterinarian.
•
A nutritious diet also includes any necessary supplements. For example, Omega-3 fatty acids and joint-supportive supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin can help ease the discomfort of arthritis. Omega-3s can also help protect against cognitive decline, while probiotics may assist with digestion. Antioxidants support the immune system and reduce oxidative damage in the body.
3. PROVIDE GENTLE EXERCISE While the energetic play of your dog’s youth may be a distant memory, regular gentle exercise remains essential. Even though he might be getting lazy, it’s still important for him to remain fit — perhaps even more important than ever. •
Consider low-impact activities such as short walks, swimming, or easygoing play sessions. For example, if your dog still likes to chase a ball, don’t throw it far and keep the game short. Tailor the exercise routine to your dog's individual needs and limitations, so that it promotes mobility and helps him maintain a healthy weight without causing injury.
•
Rehabilitation techniques, such as walking on an underwater treadmill, can also be helpful for older dogs, especially those with stiff joints.
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4. STIMULATE HIS MIND
6. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF HOLISTIC
Keeping your aging dog’s mind engaged is crucial for good cognitive health.
Many natural therapies can contribute to your dog’s well-being.
THERAPIES
•
Puzzle toys and interactive games can be a great way to keep your dog active even if he doesn’t have a lot of energy left for physical exercise.
•
Along with supplements and rehabilitation, modalities such as acupuncture, acupressure, chiropractic, massage and more can benefit an aging canine.
•
Incorporating scent into playtime can be particularly beneficial for senior dogs because it caters to their sensory needs. Snuffle mats are one easy way to achieve this — they’re designed with hidden pockets for treats that your dog has to sniff out.
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A variety of herbal remedies can also be helpful for everything from pain management to urinary tract issues to immune support, although it’s important to work with an integrative or holistic veterinarian who is knowledgeable about the use of herbs for dogs.
•
The cup game is another excellent option for mental stimulation. It involves hiding a treat under one of several cups and then shuffling them around. Your dog must use his nose and cognitive abilities to track the scent and find the hidden treat, adding an extra layer of mental challenge.
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Turmeric is known to have anti-inflammatory effects and can be great for dogs who suffer from stiff joints.
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Ginger or peppermint can settle an upset tea.
•
Therapeutic grade essential oils, such as chamomile and lavender, can calm anxiety.
5. TAKE HIM FOR REGULAR VETERINARY CHECKUPS
Frequent veterinary checkups are important for catching any potential health issues early on, including heart or kidney disease, cognitive decline, problems with vision or hearing, etc. Many dogs start showing symptoms of chronic conditions when they get older, and keeping a trusted vet in the loop is vital. A checkup at least twice a year is a good idea, even if you don’t notice any obvious problems.
7. GIVE HIM LOTS OF
UNCONDITIONAL LOVE AND ATTENTION Perhaps the most crucial gift you can give your dog during his twilight years is to provide him with plenty of emotional support and attention. Spend quality time together, offer gentle affection, and be attuned to any changes in his health or behavior. Your presence and love is what he needs the most at this stage of his life, and will bring him immense comfort and security as he gets older.
Quality protein should still be the focal point of your dog's diet, although older canines don’t normally need as many calories as young active dogs.
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FELINE HEALTH
Asth ma i n cat s — Why an in tegrati ve approach is the b es t opt i on BY ANGIE KRAUSE, DVM, CVA, CCRT
Asthma in cats is caused by allergic inflammation. An integrative approach to treatment that combines conventional medications, alternative therapies, and environmental modifications is often the most successful.
Did you know that up to 5% of all cats will be affected by asthma in their lifetimes? The most common reason for coughing in cats, this condition is also referred to as allergic bronchitis, which names its root cause — allergic inflammation. Symptoms often first appear in young to middle-aged cats, and are triggered by many of the same allergens that affect humans — e.g. mold, pollen, dust and dust mites, cigarette smoke, and household chemicals. If your own kitty has been diagnosed with feline asthma, know that an integrative treatment approach that includes alternative therapies and environmental modifications often yields the best results.
HOW IS FELINE ASTHMA DIAGNOSED?
1
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X - r a y s ( r a d i o g r a p h s ) : If your cat is coughing, the first thing your veterinarian will recommend is a series of radiographs of their lungs and heart. Feline asthma has a very specific pattern that is evident with an x-ray. For some cats with early disease, an x-ray will look normal. This may change if your kitty’s asthma progresses, and does not prohibit the initiation of treatment. Animal Wellness
F e c a l t e s t : Checking your cat’s stool for parasites
2 is important, especially if he was recently rescued or has access to the outdoors. Some parasites migrate through the lungs, causing inflammation, coughing and wheezing.
o r a t o r y t e s t i n g : Your veterinarian will 3 Lalsoa brecommend lab tests such as a complete blood
count, a chemistry panel, a total T4, and a urinalysis. These tests will screen your kitty for other diseases that could be affecting his health.
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES — DIET AND SUPPLEMENTS For cats that are coughing regularly and have mild to moderate symptoms, I start the treatment plan with alternative therapies. First off, a diet high in protein and moisture and low in carbohydrates reduces overall inflammation in the cat’s body. I recommend a high quality canned or commerciallyprepared raw diet that uses high pressure processing (HPP).
In addition to a good diet, the following supplements may negate the need for steroids (more on these below), or reduce the dosage of steroids required. C B D : Hemp extracts rich in CBD also contain other phytocannabinoids and terpenes that help reduce inflammation. I start patients with 2 mg twice daily, given with food. P r o b i o t i c s : The bacteria in your cat’s gut play an important role in immune function. When probiotics are taken orally, a significant change occurs in the bacteria in your cat’s airways. Daily use of probiotics not only supports healthy digestion but may also decrease inflammation in the respiratory tract. C h i n e s e h e r b s : Classical Chinese herbal formulas can play an important role in decreasing allergies and inflammation. A veterinarian who specializes in Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine can prescribe an herbal formula customized to your cat’s constitution. F i s h o i l : Omega-3 fatty acids possess proven antiinflammatory properties for many parts of your cat’s body including their skin, heart, joints and brain. Q u e r c e t i n : This flavonoid is often referred to as nature’s antihistamine, and can help reduce allergic inflammation.
COUGH OR HAIRBALL? Many people assume their cats are expelling a hairball when they have a coughing fit. In reality, coughing kitties are often having asthmatic episodes. When cats cough, they extend their necks, crouch, and make repeated expiratory wheezing sounds. Many cats appear to swallow after the episode. They are not swallowing a hairball, but most likely a small amount of mucus from their lungs. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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STEROIDS — THE STANDARD CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT Steroids are the mainstay of the traditional approach to feline asthma. Although many people are concerned about the potential detrimental side effects of steroids, these powerful medications can be effective when needed, if used responsibly. There are three types of steroids that may be used to medicate your kitty:
1
I n h a l e d : Fluticasone is an inhaled steroid given to cats to control lung inflammation. The advantage of inhaled steroids is that they are applied directly to the part of the cat’s body needing treatment, and therefore have fewer side effects in other parts. Fluticasone inhalers can be purchased at your local pharmacy with a prescription from your veterinarian. Most cats are amenable to having the mask placed on their faces, and are only required to take a few breaths after the inhaler is discharged. Fluticasone can be used once or twice daily. It may be prescribed regularly or on an as needed basis. O r a l : Prednisolone is an oral steroid that comes
2 in tablets, meltable tablets and liquid. This steroid
may have a stronger effect on controlling asthma, as well as other inflammation in the body such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, oral steroids may have more side effects than inhalants. Cats that need to be rescued from severe inflammation may take both oral and inhaled steroids at the same time. I n j e c t a b l e : This type of steroid
3 is less popular among veterinarians
as they are long-acting and harder to control. Cats with severe asthma that aren’t able to be medicated at home benefit from injectable steroids because they provide control for weeks or months without the need for daily medication administration.
SIDE EFFECTS OF STEROIDS When given at the correct dose, the majority of cats tolerate steroids and benefit from their use. However, there are a few serious side effects to keep in mind. D i a b e t e s m e l l i t u s : Occasionally, steroid use causes cats to become diabetic. This frequently occurs at the beginning of treatment and can be reversed if detected quickly. As the steroid dose increases, so does the risk of diabetes. H e a r t f a i l u r e : For cats with underlying heart disease, steroids may hasten its progression and cause heart failure. Your veterinarian or a veterinary cardiologist can test the function of your cat’s heart before starting him on steroids, if there is a concern.
MEDICATIONS TO OPEN AIRWAYS Another class of medications dilates the airways and makes breathing easier for cats in distress. They can be inhaled or given in pill form. These non-steroidal medications are usually paired with steroids for added benefits. While an asthma diagnosis in your cat can feel overwhelming, consulting with an integrative veterinarian who is willing to work with you on a treatment plan, along with taking steps to reducing allergens in your home (see sidebar below), will soon have him breathing easier.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATIONS If your cat has asthma, it’s important to make some changes in your home to minimize the burden of allergens that could be affecting him. Here are several ways to do so: • Consider HEPA filters to remove dust and allergens from the air • Use a low-dust cat litter • Vacuum your home and upholstery regularly • Wash bedding frequently • Dust surfaces often • Use natural cleaning products.
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FELINE NUTRITION
Probiotics and prebiotics: keys to your cat’s digestive health BY SALLY E. BAHNER
Cats have sensitive digestive systems that can easily get pushed out of balance. Here’s how probiotics and prebiotics may help bring your kitty’s gut back into equilibrium.
Your cat’s digestive health impacts every area of her wellbeing. If things are off in her gut, then she’ll likely not be feeling her best and may develop problems ranging from diarrhea to poor immune function to behavioral issues. Along with a nutritious, species-specific diet and regular veterinary care, supplementing her with probiotics and prebiotics can help support her digestive health.
UNDERSTANDING PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS According to the Mayo Clinic, probiotics are foods or supplements that contain live microorganisms intended to maintain or improve the “good” bacteria (normal microflora) in the body. Probiotics are found in foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut. The microorganisms include Lactobacillus acidophilus and other Lactobacillus species, and certain strains of Bacillus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacteria, and Streptococcus, all of which are commonly found in over-thecounter probiotic supplements. Prebiotics, meanwhile, are typically found in high-fiber foods such as whole grains, bananas, soybeans and artichokes. They act as food for the gut microflora, and aid in digestion. They also help maintain immunity and healthy body weight, and reduce inflammation. Prebiotics
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are used with the intention of improving the balance of these particular microorganisms, which include fructooligosaccharides (the most common type of prebiotic), Oligosaccharides, arabinogalactans and lactulose. All these microorganisms are part of what’s called the gut microbiome. Found primarily in the large and small intestine, the microbiome can be thought of as another organ and consists of trillions of microorganisms co-existing peacefully within the body.
“Intestinal bacteria aid in digesting certain nutrients by providing enzymes that the body does not make on its own,” says retired veterinarian Dr. Jean Hofve of LittleBigCat. com. “These organisms manufacture several B vitamins and help maintain an acidic pH in the gut. They also prevent colonization of the digestive tract by pathological (diseasecausing) organisms such as Salmonella and Candida.”
WHEN THINGS GET OUT OF BALANCE Cats have notoriously sensitive digestive tracts. The bacteria in their gut microbiome have a direct effect on overall health, influencing not only digestion, but also immune
system function and nutritional metabolism, as well as moods and mental health. “Gut dysbiosis” describes an imbalance between healthy and unhealthy bacteria.
In addition to causing commonly-recognized digestive issues such as diarrhea or vomiting, gut dysbiosis is the source of many additional illnesses such as kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, heart problems, pancreatitis, and even cancer.
GIVING PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS TO YOUR CAT It should go without saying that if your cat seems unwell, you need to take her to the vet for a checkup before giving her any supplements, including probiotics and prebiotics. You need to know the cause of her symptoms before trying to treat them. If your cat’s health issues turn out to be caused by gut dysbiosis, then you and your vet can take steps to correct the problem.
Veterinarian Dr. Scott Gavalet recommends the use of probiotics under two circumstances. “[They are the] first line in treating diarrhea, and to replace the good bacteria when we prescribe antibiotics,” he says. So if your cat has been on antibiotics, and/or is prone to vomiting, constipation, diarrhea or bloating in the absence of other pathologies, a probiotic can help boost her levels of good bacteria. The digestive systems of cats and humans are quite different, so it’s important to use a supplement specifically formulated for cats, or better still, your individual feline.
HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT SUPPLEMENTS The marketplace is full of probiotic and prebiotic products, ranging from powders and capsules to treats. Most are easily added to your cat’s food without affecting the taste. Some cat food companies also include these nutrients in their recipes. When choosing probiotics and prebiotics for your own cat, it’s imperative to look for high quality products made by a reputable company. Talk to an integrative or holistic veterinarian about which products would be best for your own cat’s needs. In the meantime, here are two important points to keep in mind:
1 Because cats are carnivores and depend on a protein-
Probiotics from yogurt Adding a probiotic to your cat’s diet can also include putting a teaspoon of plain, unsweetened yogurt in her food each day. Yogurt contains L acidophilus, the first bacterial strain to be identified and isolated, according to Dr. Hofve. L acidophilus was initially used in the 1920s and ’30s to treat constipation and diarrhea in human patients. It has also long been given to patients after a course of antibiotics as a way to restore normal gut flora.
rich diet, it’s crucial to select supplements tailored to their nutritional needs. For instance, Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium are beneficial for cats. Enterococcus generally lives in the colon and aids in the formation of normal feces and maintaining colon health. Bifidobacterium is found in the small intestine and is responsible for improved digestion.
2 Prebiotics are often used in conjunction with
probiotics to facilitate digestion and balance gut health. Herbalist Greg Tilford recommends herbal prebiotics because of their low risk of side effects. He notes that prebiotics can fill in the gaps by providing beneficial plant-based nutrients that cats might not be getting in their food.
Correcting and supporting your cat’s gut health will have a positive effect on her overall health and happiness. Introducing the right probiotics and prebiotics to her diet, under the guidance of your veterinarian, can balance her microbiome and help her feel better. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com
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GOLDEN YEARS
D gs Cats
UNDERSTANDING AGING IN YOUR DOG OR CAT BY AYSE WASHINGTON, DVM, CCRP, CVMMP
We talk a lot about aging, but what exactly does it mean? And how can you make aging as graceful and pain-free as possible for your dog and cat?
Aging is something every living being goes through, including our dogs and cats as well as ourselves. But what precisely is aging, and what are the different ways it can affect our animals? More importantly, how might changing our approach to aging shift how we care for our dogs or cats, and make the final stages of life less difficult and painful for both ourselves and our four-legged companions?
AGING IS DIFFERENT FOR EVERY INDIVIDUAL Many of us associate aging with increased illness, weakness and debilitation, but advancing years do not, in and of themselves, lead to specific physical changes in every dog or cat. We’ve all seen animals in their upper teens with bright eyes and a joyful energy that seem to bely the number of birthdays they’ve had. Conversely, of course, many older animals are dealing with failing organs or other disease states. Common concerns in aging animals include difficulties with mobility, chronic pain and illness, personality changes, and cognitive decline. But are these issues really due to how old the dog or cat is?
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS CONTRIBUTE TO “AGE RELATED” ISSUES During my time as a veterinarian, the age of a “senior” dog or cat dropped from over 12 to below eight. This is certainly not due to a sudden epidemic of rapid aging in animals. A combination of nutritional and environmental stressors has led to a situation in which animals show symptoms we have defined as age related, when perhaps they are simply a sign of reduced ability to manage the current conditions of life. It is no secret that our environment exposes us to many more chemicals than it did 30 years ago. Some of these chemicals include agricultural residues, artificial scents in laundry soaps and body products, or flame retardants in our homes. No one can say for certain what the effects of this stew of chemicals are because each safety study focuses on a single chemical with a short exposure time, rather than a combination of chemicals with an exposure duration of years or a lifetime. Although the popular saying claims
“correlation does not equal causation”, the number of chronic disease states continues to grow as more chemicals are introduced into home environments or as residues in diet.
Point to ponder: Perhaps we can combat aging by simplifying the chemicals used in the home, and choosing diets with ingredients sourced from organic farms, or those that use fewer agricultural chemicals.
Using both allopathic and alternative treatment options: The veterinary profession
continues expanding to offer better medical options for the majority of disease states, and these come close to matching those offered by human medicine. They can help maintain an aging dog or cat’s well-being and quality of life much longer than in the past.
DEALING WITH THE CHALLENGES OF AGING But what about dogs and cats that have already lived a decade or so within the above parameters and are now facing health challenges? There are several ways to ease the aging process and the health problems that often (though not always!) accompany it.
Putting a plan in place: When a client comes
to me well ahead of the actual deterioration of their dog or cat, I tell them to begin deciding on the right medical approach for their family. This can be driven by circumstances such as finances, religious beliefs, and the willingness of the dog or cat to be treated in the first place.
Point to ponder: Having a loose plan in place can help alleviate fear of the future and allows the focus to be redirected to your animal’s present needs.
We have both allopathic and alternative options for pain and disease management, anxiety treatment, and mobility assistance at our disposal. Pharmaceutical, herbal, homeopathic, electromagnetic, vibrational, energetic and structural modalities are also available. Adhering too tightly to any single paradigm does not create the best outcome; using several different approaches often yields more complete results with fewer adverse effects. Because it is virtually impossible to access every option from a single practitioner or hospital, having a team that includes your regular veterinarian, an integrative or holistic vet, boarded specialists, and rehabilitation practitioners creates wonderful outcomes for aging animals. Sometimes an animal parent will work simultaneously with several different modalities, or move from one to the next as their dog or cat’s needs change.
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Point to ponder: While many treatments need to be done in the hospital or clinic setting, many can be done at home, thereby increasing treatment frequency while reducing overall cost of care.
Discussing what you envision for your aging animal’s care, and what options are available, starts with the veterinarian you see for routine physical exams. If they do not have the tools you are looking for, let them know you would like a team approach and ask for local referral options.
Considering euthanasia: When is enough enough? The answer is a moving target that’s different for every family and every animal. Euthanasia is an important option when the dog or cat is clearly suffering and there are no ways left to alleviate that suffering.
As a veterinary practitioner, I was taught we should always reach for humane euthanasia, almost as if a natural death was a terrible thing. However, I have had more than one client inform me they had no intention of euthanizing their dogs or cats, and wanted my assistance keeping the animals comfortable to the natural end of life. I was very judgmental with these first few clients,
but after watching them graciously support their animals until they passed on their own, I gained a new appreciation of the particular gift that comes with caring for a dog or cat at the end of life. I was also surprised by how gentle and easy a natural death could be. If you make a decision to euthanize your dog or cat, start by discussing it with your regular veterinarian. If they have had a years-long relationship with you and your animal, they will want to be a part of this final stage of the relationship.
Point to ponder: Some clinics offer in-home euthanasia, which can reduce the stress of a final car ride for animals that don’t like the travel.
The senior years of your dog or cat’s life are a time to reflect on the wonderful experience you’ve shared with him. The journey through this end-of-life stage can be challenging, and ultimately painful when he passes — but it’s also full of love as you honor him with your caregiving efforts. Approaching an aging animal’s final phase of life with an open heart and mind can bring grace and comfort to both you and your beloved companion.
CHANGING YOUR PERSPECTIVE ON AGING AND DEATH The last years of a dog or cat’s life present particular concerns and challenges when it comes to healthcare and quality of life. But with an optimistic and appreciative approach, it can also be a time when your relationship with your companion animal deepens as he teaches you about end-of-life care. Many people begin the process of grieving for their dogs or cats months to years before they are actually faced with either euthanasia or a natural death. This grief arises from a fear of what is to come, both in the lives of their animals, as well as in their own lives after the dog or cat has passed. I have encountered deep anxiety among my clients and colleagues about how long to support a dog or cat in advanced age, and what specific steps should be taken. I believe this anxiety stems from a fear of losing control over exactly how and when a beloved animal companion will pass. I have even seen clients and colleagues choose euthanasia at a point when their dogs or cats were still still clearly engaged in life, in order to be able to gain a sense of control over a disease state or condition. But what if we approached the end of life as a joyous culmination of a beautiful relationship? I feel this
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perspective helps ease our fears and brings comfort as we honor the wonderful beings that shared their lives with us. Culturally speaking, we don’t like to look at death. Our senior relatives are often put elsewhere, such as in nursing homes or hospitals, to live out their final months or years. We rationalize it by saying we don’t have the time, or capacity, to properly care for them — and this is absolutely true. But we have also created a society that fears death and does not want to engage with it. In veterinary medicine, we often pride ourselves on being more humane because we have the legal ability to end suffering. Too often, however, I have noticed it’s the animal parent’s suffering that is being treated by the euthanasia as much as (if not more than) the animal’s. As a veterinarian, I do my best to guide animal parents in both the physical and emotional needs of their aging dogs and cats, but also towards an awareness of the emotional triggers that may be guiding their decision-making.
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MOBILITY MATTERS
How an
integrative approach
helps dogs with CCLD BY MIRAIDA RIVERA-VIERA, DVM Adding alternative therapies such as acupuncture, laser therapy and stem cell therapy to the treatment plan for a dog with cranial cruciate ligament disease increases his chances of recovery.
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Cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) in dogs is a common and debilitating problem, and surgery alone may not be the answer. This article explores how an integrative approach that includes alternative therapies, ranging from acupuncture to stem cell therapy, can help dogs with CCLD heal and regain their mobility.
UNDERSTANDING CCLD The cranial cruciate ligament is a fibrous band of tissue that restricts excessive movement between the femur and tibia, the two main bones of the knee. This ligament’s primary job is to stabilize the joint. DID YOU KNOW? Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury is one of the most common causes of pelvic limb lameness in dogs.
Even though research has greatly progressed over the past years, the local and systemic mechanisms leading to ligament degeneration and structural failure remain largely unknown. The initial view of traumatic ligament rupture, fostered by “wear and tear”, has been replaced by a new concept of systemic processes linked to progressive degenerative joint disease and ligament failure; thus the term “cranial cruciate ligament disease” was coined and is generally accepted. In cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD), primary osteoarthritis (OA) is a key feature.
MULTIMODAL APPROACH TO CCLD The progression of secondary OA can be slowed by jointstabilizing surgery; however, the primary underlying osteoarthritic disease process continues and, in most cases, prevents a full return to integrity. Fortunately, many nonsurgical options can be implemented to help dogs with CCLD. These include physical therapy, acupuncture, chiropractic care, low level laser therapy, and stem cell therapy, among others. Managing pain and inflammation should be the first step, and a multimodal approach works best. Many of the modalities mentioned above can be combined, and a specific plan developed for your individual dog. Most traditional pain relief drugs (i.e. NSAIDS, steroids, gabapentin, etc.) have numerous side effects.
DID YOU KNOW? Combining alternative therapies with conventional meds may mean your dog will need fewer drugs to address his pain and inflammation.
Acupuncture and chiropractic care Both acupuncture and chiropractic help restore balance in the body. • Acupuncture stimulates the nerves and muscles, helping to boost the body’s response to pain and improve blood circulation. • Chiropractic can also increase nerve and blood flow to the joints. Regular chiropractic adjustments help reduce pain, restore alignment of the pelvis, and maintain symmetrical loading in the hind end.
DID YOU KNOW? When dogs injure one knee, they tend to shift their weight to the opposite side, which can lead to rotation of the lumbar spine and pelvis. This can cause back pain and asymmetrical loading of the knees.
By improving alignment, chiropractic can ease discomfort and reduce extra wear and tear on an already unhealthy arthritic knee. Physical therapy and low level laser therapy • Photobiomodulation (PBM) induced by laser therapy involves the application of electromagnetic radiation in the near infrared spectrum, and is aimed at stimulating healing or analgesia within the target tissue. Currently, laser therapy is being advocated for a variety of conditions, including musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis, joint pain and inflammation, neuropathic pain, otitis, dermatitis, chronic, or non-healing wounds and ulcers. • Physical therapy can be a tremendous help to dogs with CCLD. Some of the objectives of physical therapy are pain management, muscle strengthening, and the correction of proprioceptive deficits. The goal is to limit prolonged disuse of the limb in order to avoid negative effects such as muscle and cartilage atrophy, reduced joint motility, and loss of strength in tendons and ligaments.
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Stem cell therapy Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of CCL in dogs has demonstrated great clinical benefits. This therapy offers systemic and anti-inflammatory potential by decreasing CD8 lymphocytes, c-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokines in serum and synovial fluid. Diet and weight management A significant number of dogs with CCLD are overweight and in a state of inflammation. Managing your dog’s weight by offering a species-appropriate diet will help decrease inflammation overall.
DID YOU KNOW? A raw or gentlycooked diet is ideal, either store-bought or prepared at home under the guidance of a veterinarian well educated in raw feeding.
• Bone broth can be added to the diet on a daily basis. It contains natural collagen that aids in bone and cartilage support. Bone broth can be easily purchased or made at home. • Golden paste is a great super food made by mixing turmeric, coconut oil and black pepper. It offers nutritional support for bone health, joint strength, and flexibility. Many alternative modalities and natural treatments are effective for dogs with CCLD, and can help them heal and regain their quality of life.
Risk factors for CCLD
Risk factors include body weight, spay/neuter status, breed, physical activity level and age. Obesity poses a health risk for any dog, but studies show it can quadruple the risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). Early spaying/neutering (younger than 12 months of age) increases the risk of a dog developing an increased tibial plateau angle and, in general, increases the risk for CCLR by 5% in males and 8% in females. Breed-related risk is generally linked to heavy body conformation and large breed dogs (e.g. Boxers, Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, St. Bernards). Being sedentary with inconsistent or absent daily exercise/activity is detrimental for dogs suffering from OA. Reports state that the risk of CCLR in agility dogs decreases in those that engage in regular core strengthening exercises, and that compete more frequently, at higher levels, and in more athletically challenging venues. This doesn’t mean that all dogs at risk of CCLD should do agility, but it does mean that a consistent, frequent, low-impact exercise routine is needed to keep their joints healthy.
Natural pain control and anti Inflammatories • D aily supplementation of Omega 3s and joint supplements (chondroitin, glucosamine, green lipped mussels, colostrum) will help fight inflammation and aid in cell repair. • P almitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide that binds to cells in the body to reduce pain and inflammation. Research has indicated PEA may be beneficial for OA and many other conditions in dogs. • N atural herbs such as Boswellia can be very beneficial for controlling pain over the long term. • C BD oil products can also help with inflammation and pain. Be sure to consult with an integrative veterinarian before using any new supplements or herbs.
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SPOTLIGHT
Milo & the Monarchs by Jen Bennett
Meet Milo the Toller — a social media favorite who loves butterflies
Some dogs seem to understand and appreciate the beauty of nature. My five-year-old Nova Scotia Duck Toller, Milo, is one of them. He loves nothing more than hanging in our garden with his butterfly friends. In fact, his thousands of social media followers have coined him “The Butterfly King.” In 2019, a vast Painted Lady butterfly migration passed through Southern California. Thousands flew by our house, and Milo sat mesmerized in the garden as they fluttered past. That’s when I realized how much he loved butterflies, and how gentle he was with them. We decided it was time to plant a pollinator garden to attract butterflies. We chose plants that butterflies like to lay eggs on, and flowers they can draw nectar from. Our focus is on Monarch Butterflies since their numbers are rapidly declining. Monarchs only lay eggs on milkweed, so this plant is a must.
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Photos courtesy of Jen Bennett
Milo loves being with the Monarchs that visit our yard, and even lets them sit on his nose. We make flower crowns for him, and the butterflies come and drink nectar from the blooms. He enjoys watching them, and he also looks out for them. One morning, he found an injured butterfly. He walked right up to it, sniffed it, and gave me a quizzical look as if to say: “Why isn’t it flying?” We brought the butterfly inside and made a flower arrangement so it could feed and get its strength back. Milo kept a close eye on his winged friend, and after a few days, it was strong enough to fly.
Milo and I sat outside and watched it flutter back into our garden. The special relationship Milo has with butterflies is a wonderful reminder that beautiful things happen when we peacefully coexist with each other. Editor’s note: Milo has over half a million followers on his social media accounts, and has been featured on Good Morning America and Access Daily. Check him out on Instagram and TikTok @milo_the_toller to see all his butterfly adventures.