Foot Anatomy and Foot Mechanics
Session Content 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Familiarization with Foot Anatomy Familiarization with Foot Mechanics Basics of Measuring Foot Size Size Systems Shoe Fitting
Foot Anatomy and Foot Mechanics
Foot Knowledge •
Feet bear the full weight of the body and as such are the foundation of the body
•
On average a person can take up to 18,000 steps per day
•
A 70 year old person will have walked in their lifetime, an average distance equivalent to walking around the world 3 times
Foot Anatomy The skeleton of the foot is made up of 26 bones. METATARSUS – middle of the foot •Consists of 5 long bones along the middle of the foot.
TARSUS – heel of the foot •Consists of 7 irregularly shaped bones at the back of the foot
PHALANGES – toes •Consists of 14 short bones that form the toes
Foot Anantomy The skeleton of the foot is made up of 26 bones.
Inputs required from Mr. Sadhu
BALL
ARCH
Foot Anatomy 1. 2. 3. 4.
The main joints of the foot are: Ankle Joint – a hinge joint Sub Taler – a gliding joint Mid Tarsal – a gliding & ball-and-socket joint
5. The skeleton of the foot is held together by: 6. 109 ligaments 7. 32 Muscles and tendons (for movement)
Types of Feet • ECTOMORPHIC – Long and thin • MESOMORPHIC – Muscular and heavy boned • ENDOMORPHIC – Small bones and fleshy
Normal & Abnormal Foot
Change in foot dimensions While Weight Bearing • The foot becomes longer • It also becomes wider across the ball. • The heel becomes wider and arch lower
On an average foot increase by approx. 5% (in volume) by the night. The percentage can increase in warm weather and decrease in cold weather
Measuring Foot size
Measuring Foot size Standing 1. Measure both feet 2. Measure the longest toe 3. Always measure the foot size from the foot not from the shoe
Measuring Foot size Sitting 1. The foot must be correctly positioned in the foot gauge 2. The stool must be in line with the leg 3. The heel must be right back to the pillar 4. The angle between the leg and foot must be 90 degrees VISUAL OF SCALE 5. The foot must be correctly aligned
Sizing
Size Charts Two commonly accepted size systems : English
: Measured in inches eg. Mens size 8 = 11 inches
French
: Measured in centimeters eg. Mens size 42 = 28 cms
Revolutions English French
Mens
Womens
Kids
Size Conversion Chart French English
CAT SCALE CHILD 2-5
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 2 3 4 5
CHILD
5-8
CHILD
9-12
9 10 11
CHILD
11-1
11
TEEN
2-5
LADIES
3-8
GENTS
6-13
5
6
7
8 12 12 13 1 2
3
4
5
3
4
5
6
7
8
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13
Blank corresponding to French Size
• Between two French Sizes the difference in length is 2/3rd of a cms. or 0.66 cms • Between two English Sizes the difference in length is 1/3rd of an inch or 0.846 centimeters
Shoe Fitting
Check points while fitting a shoe 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
For what activity will the shoe be worn ? Where will the shoe be worn ? Any extreme variations in temperature? How long will the customer wear the shoe at a stretch? Style Preference ?
Shoe Fitting Pointers • Measure both feet. No two feet are the same size. Fit shoes for the larger foot • Ask customer to wiggle toes in the shoes. If he/ she can’t, the shoes are probably too small. 3/8" to 1/2" of space between your longest toe and the end of the shoe is recommended
Shoe Fitting Pointers •
Ask the customer to walk around the store to ensure a comfortable fit before buying
•
Ask the customer to walk on different floor surfaces (available in store) prior to buying
•
Provide customer with socks to try on shoes with which he/ she will wear them
Check points while fitting a shoe
• Mr. Sadhu
Shoe fitting for Children 1.
2.
3.
Ill- fitting shoes can damage children’s feet. Harm can be done without causing pain to the child. Extreme caution to be exercised while fitting a shoe for a child Complete freedom of movement is essential in a childs shoe
Shoe fitting for Abnormal feet Mr. Sadhu • • •
High arch Low Arch Flat foot
Shoe fitting for Abnormal feet Mr. Sadhu • • • • •
High arch Low Arch Flat foot Hammer Toe Ingrown Toenails
Shoe fitting for feet with minor foot ailments DISORDER DISORDER
CAUSE
Blister a bubble on the skin filled with fluid
SUGGESTION CAUSE
SUGGESTION
Caused by friction in socks or shoes that are loose and slip around
Correct sizing of the shoe
Corn hard thickening of the skin that has a central core where pressure is severe
Excess pressure or friction usually due to footwear that is too tight
Correct sizing of the shoe
Bunion inflammation and swelling on the side of a joint
Prolonged compression of the toes in a short shoe
Shoes that come in various width sizes
Pressure on the nails from crowding of toes or too short shoes or hosiery
Correct sizing of the shoe
Hammer Toe joint of the toe is permanently bent downward
Shoe too short or narrow pointed shoes
Correct sizing of the shoe
High In-step or High Arch
Congenital Tendency
Very good arch support or motion control athletic shoes
Ingrown Toenail toenail grows into the skin and flesh
Bunion
Hammertoes
Worn Shoe Evaluation Some people “age” their shoes prematurely. The cause can be the foot, the fit, the shoe or all three.
Worn Shoe Evaluation at Revolutions 1. Evaluate worn shoe 2. Assess if ‘age’/ wear and tear is due to – –
FIT SHOE
1. If yes, inform the customer of the shoe wear and tear due to appropriate fit/ shoe 2. Recommend a more appropriate fit or shoe to the customer
Worn Shoe Evaluation 1. Wear on the sole should be even 2. If the wear is forward, then the shoe is too short 3. If the shoe is worn on the outside edge or the inside, then the shoe is too narrow or the person leans outwards or inwards 4. If the toe of the shoe is turning up then the PICTURES shoe is too long
Worn Shoe Evaluation 1. Normally the vamp will not develop excessive wrinkles or creases, nor it will have pronounced indications of each of the toes 2. A shoe that is too wide will develop large creases or folds across the vamp 3. A shoe that has toes impressions on vamp is too short or too narrow, orPICTURES made on the last which isn’t appropriate
Same Size Different Foot Shape
Check List for Assessing Shoe Fit • Shoe Length – Leave 3/8” to 1/2” between longest toe and end of the shoe. – Space for the fourth and fifth toe
Disorders of Foot which affect Footwear
Check List for Assessing Shoe Fit • Heel to Ball (Arch Length) – Joint of the big toe fits into ball “pocket” of shoe.
• Ball to Toe – Shoe is not too long or too short from ball to end of toes.
• Heel to outer ball – Outer ball joint fits into outer pocket of the shoe.
Check List for Assessing Shoe Fit
Check List for Assessing Shoe Fit • Ball Width and Vamp Room – Adequate space across the vamp of the shoe – Width of the insole same as the width of the foot.
• Heel Fit – Not too tight or too loose, “snug” fit. – Top of counter does not “cut into” heel tendon – Inside and outside ankle bones do not rub against top line of shoe.
Fig: Right heel in shoe. The slight offset between the axis of the leg and the axis of the shoe puts stress on the shoe counter, hence the need for a firm and substantial shoe counter.
Check List for Assessing Shoe Fit • Top Line – Fits snugly to sides of the foot.
• Instep of Waist – With slip-ons it is important that the shoes are not too tight and not too loose but must be snug enough to hold the foot. – With laced shoe it is possible to adjust the fit over the instep
Check List for Assessing Shoe Fit • Arch Fit – Shoe hugs closely to the foot on the inside of the shoe under the longitudinal arch.
• Tread – Shoe fits securely, customer feels balanced and stable and walks comfortably.
Worn Shoe Evaluation
Exercise • Identifying parts of a foot • Measuring foot size • Assessing shoe fits