STATISTICS HANDBOOK ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013
A collection of key import and export information, market trends and patterns of trade for Asia’s fresh fruit and vegetable business.
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WELCOME STATISTICS HANDBOOK 2013
CONTENTS 02 04 06 08 10 14 16 18 20 22
CHINA HONG KONG INDIA INDONESIA JAPAN MALAYSIA SINGAPORE SOUTH KOREA TAIWAN THAILAND
Disclaimer The data for the Asiafruit Congress Statistics Handbook 2013 was collated from data provided through the International Trade Centre and is based on individual country import data that reports trade data by HS codes. While every effort has been made to ensure the data is a true reflection of the trade, some errors may occur due to the reporting and the authors take no responsibility for any losses that may occur as a result of decisions based on this data.
Asiafruit Magazine is delighted to bring you this 2013 edition of the Asiafruit Congress Statistics Handbook, featuring import and export statistics for both fruit and vegetable products. The handbook provides an excellent snapshot of the major products being bought and sold throughout Asia, as well as the main trends in terms of trade flows, while also identifying the fast-growing markets and products, and the key suppliers. Covering ten different markets across the region, the handbook presents statistics for each country from four key perspectives: firstly, tables showing the main fruit and vegetable products imported and exported by volume, with five-year growth trends and their share of overall imports; secondly, pie charts illustrating market share for suppliers of the key imported products; thirdly, summaries of overall fruit and vegetable import and export trade by region of the world; and finally, line charts illustrating the five-year trends for total fresh fruit and vegetable imports and exports. Whichever markets and statistics interest you, we hope that you find this 2013 edition of the Asiafruit Congress Statistics Handbook another useful reference guide to assess market opportunities for your business. Our aim is to help you understand better Asia’s rapidly expanding fresh fruit and vegetable business. Our special thanks goes to Wayne Prowse for preparing and collating all the data and analysis for this year’s handbook, and to our senior graphic designer Ligia Durán Murphy for presenting it in such eye-catching style.
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Member of the Fruitnet International Media Group © 2013 Market Intelligence Asia Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. Neither this publication nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, including photocopies and information retrieval systems, without the prior permission of Market Intelligence Asia Pty Ltd. Published annually by Market Intelligence Asia Pty Ltd, the Asiafruit Congress Statistics Handbook is a registered trademark of Market Intelligence Asia Pty Ltd. Printed in Hong Kong by Innovative Print Solutions Pte Ltd. Market Intelligence Asia Pty Ltd 77a Stubbs St, Kensington, VIC 3031, Australia Tel: +61 3 9040 1600 Fax: +61 3 9376 6052
John Hey Editor, Asiafruit Magazine
EDITORIAL
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editor John Hey + 61 3 9040 1602 john@fruitnet.com
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managing director Chris White +44 20 7501 3710 chris@fruitnet.com
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graphic designer Craig Bowyer +44 20 7501 3713 craig@fruitnet.com
sub-editor Mike Knowles +44 20 7501 3702 michael@fruitnet.com
02 03
CHINA Fresh fruit dominates the import scene in China as an increasing number of countries gain and use direct access channels. China itself meanwhile continues to expand its fresh produce export reach. China’s import conditions remain challenging for many suppliers attempting to enter the market though good relationships and knowledge of the channels are important to achieving success. Greater access to northern ports and improvements to transport and handling infrastructure over the next few years are set to benefit both suppliers and consumers.
IMPORTS VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Bananas 625,997 15% 21.6% Dragon fruit 469,245 41% 16.2% Melons 457,393 18% 15.8% Longans & lychees 381,963 15% 13.2% Durians 286,396 20% 9.9% Grapes 146,052 30% 5.0% Oranges 96,666 14% 3.3% Apples 61,505 10% 2.1% Kiwifruit 51,955 29% 1.8% Cherries 41,589 88% 1.4% Other 281,665 9.7% TOTAL 2,900,426 20% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Pumpkins & squash 2,690 56% 90.3% Celery 250 136% 8.4% Asparagus 15 -41% 0.5% Other 25 0.8% TOTAL 2,980 50% 100% * Five-year compound annual growth rate
+88% CHERRIES
China’s cherry imports have increased by 88 per cent per year, with most of them arriving from Chile in January.
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
Population †
1.3bn
Annual per-capita fresh produce imports 2.16kg
EXPORTS VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Apples 975,880 -4% 33.2% Mandarins 819,141 8% 27.8% Pears 409,584 -2% 13.9% Grapefruit 124,379 6% 4.2% Oranges 123,455 -3% 4.2% Grapes 121,660 18% 4.1% Melons 114,395 15% 3.9% Peaches, nectarines & plums 64,448 15% 2.2% Other 189,100 6.4% TOTAL 2,942,042 21% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Garlic 1,413,704 -2% 30.2% Onions 620,113 3% 13.3% Carrots 595,052 9% 12.7% Cabbages & brassicas 575,668 16% 12.3% Potatoes 356,942 1% 7.6% Tomatoes 177,317 11% 3.8% Lettuce 95,838 16% 2.0% Cucumbers & gherkins 89,726 19% 1.9% Other 754,993 16.1% TOTAL 4,679,353 -5% 100%
IMPORT SUPPLIERS VIETNAM: 2% THAILAND: 4%
MARKET SHARE 2012
OTHER: 2%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
ECUADOR: 8%
BANANAS
AUSTRALIA: 1% SOUTH AFRICA: 10%
UNITED STATES: 19%
PHILIPPINES: 85% PERU: 15% PERU: 1% AUSTRALIA: 5%
OTHER: 1%
GRAPES SOUTH AFRICA: 22%
ORANGES
CHILE: 55%
EGYPT: 1% NEW ZEALAND: 4%
UNITED STATES: 32%
UNITED STATES: 70%
I
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
REST OF THE WORLD
APPLES
OTHER ASIA
LES
EXPO RT
B TA
S
VOLUME (tonnes) FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR S REST OF THE WORLD
FRANCE: 2%
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE
GE VE
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
CHILE: 62%
6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
OTHER ASIA
JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
04 05
HONG KONG Hong Kong remains an important gateway for imports of fresh fruit and vegetables into China as well as serving its own population, which continues to show strong demand for high-quality fresh produce. The region’s large and efficient port facilities, coupled with a concentrated supply chain to modern supermarket outlets, helps retailers present high-quality produce to consumers who shop for fresh food several times a week. Foodservice operators supplying hotels and restaurants, meanwhile, are also large customers for a wide variety of fresh produce. Population †
IMPORTS
7.1m
Annual per-capita net fresh produce imports 201kg
VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT Longans & lychees Durians Oranges Grapes Apples Mangoes & mangosteens Pears Bananas Cherries Other TOTAL
2012 TREND* SHARE 205,841 26% 13.0% 266,212 14% 16.8% 190,703 2% 12.0% 156,226 15% 9.8% 122,017 2% 7.7% 101,077 13% 6.4% 93,923 38% 5.9% 78,623 2% 5.0% 45,843 42% 2.9% 371,841 23.4% 1,586,463 11% 100%
FRESH VEGETABLES Cabbages & brassicas Lettuce Onions Carrots Potatoes Tomatoes Cucumbers & gherkins Celery Other TOTAL
2012 TREND* SHARE 584,482 19% 71.0% 55,472 43% 6.7% 20,478 34% 2.5% 11,329 1% 1.4% 11,243 3% 1.4% 8,381 1% 1.0% 6,334 -2% 0.8% 5,651 14% 0.7% 119,596 14.5% 822,966 7% 100%
* Five-year compound annual growth rate
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
EXPORTS VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Durians 248,002 14% 25.8% Grapes 117,275 22% 12.2% Mangoes & mangosteens 77,931 16% 8.1% Oranges 62,008 8% 6.4% Apples 60,014 15% 6.2% Cherries 23,346 71% 2.4% Bananas 17,005 2% 1.8% Plums 16,659 19% 1.7% Other 339,288 35.3% TOTAL 961,528 17% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES Carrots Onions Lettuce Peppers Garlic Celery Tomatoes Other TOTAL
2012 TREND* SHARE 815 -10% 35.5% 409 -21% 17.8% 469 16% 20.4% 153 -50% 6.7% 56 -29% 2.4% 36 -4% 1.6% 29 30% 1.3% 328 14.3% 2,295 -5% 100%
IMPORT SUPPLIERS MARKET SHARE 2012
OTHERS: 4%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
AUSTRALIA: 15% UNITED STATES: 50%
ORANGES
UNITED STATES: 21%
OTHER: 4%
SOUTH AFRICA: 20%
AUSTRALIA: 11%
PERU: 11%
CHINA: 11%
GRAPES AUSTRALIA: 2% ARGENTINA: 2%
OTHER: 1%
SOUTH AFRICA: 15%
UNITED STATES: 31%
CHILE: 38% AUSTRALIA: 1% TAIWAN: 1%
CHERRIES
UNITED STATES: 2% CHILE: 58%
CANADA: 6%
I
VEGETABLES
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
REST OF THE WORLD SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
VOLUME (tonnes)
EXPO RT
LES RU SH F
OTHER ASIA
IT & VEG
B TA
RE
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS
GE VE
OTHER ASIA
ETA BL ES
CHINA: 94%
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE
CHINA
SF
OTHERS: 2%
1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000
CHINA
JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
06 07
INDIA The volume of fresh produce imported by India remains very small relative to its large population, with apples dominating that inbound trade. India’s high import tariffs and lack of infrastructure to move fresh produce from ports to consumers safely without compromising quality present a number of significant challenges for potential suppliers. As India’s retail infrastructure grows, there should be increased demand for high-quality imported fresh produce as consumers gain access to more perishable fresh products that had previously been unavailable. Population †
1.2bn
Annual per-capita fresh produce imports 0.21kg
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
VOLUME (tonnes)
VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Apples 186,368 31% 73.6% Oranges 32,566 60% 12.9% Pears 19,306 19% 7.6% Kiwifruit 5,460 34% 2.2% Grapes 3,952 8% 1.6% Other 5,430 2.1% TOTAL 253,082 31% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Cabbages & brassicas 5,059 -5% 78.1% Peppers 597 n/c 9.2% Asparagus 161 91% 2.5% Other 660 10.2% TOTAL 6,477 -4% 100.0%
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Mangoes & mangosteens 214,640 -7% 39.2% Grapes 114,306 -1% 20.9% Bananas 53,793 18% 9.8% Pomegranates 30,162 -4% 5.5% Oranges 26,504 n/c 4.8% Lemons & limes 21,762 -5% 4.0% Other 87,013 15.9% TOTAL 548,180 -3% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Onions 1,527,800 n/c 75.9% Tomatoes 171,827 7% 8.5% Potatoes 113,084 -10% 5.6% Peppers 38,773 7% 1.9% Other 162,139 8.1% TOTAL 2,013,623 -5% 100%
* Five-year compound annual growth rate
+18% BANANAS
India’s banana exports have grown by 18 per cent per year, but volumes are still a tiny percentage of its total annual production of around 30m tonnes.
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
IMPORT SUPPLIERS MARKET SHARE 2012
OTHER: 6%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
NEW ZEALAND: 10% UNITED STATES: 38% CHILE: 11%
APPLES
OTHER: 4%
EGYPT: 46%
AUSTRALIA: 11%
CHINA: 35%
OTHER: 5% SOUTH AFRICA:20%
ORANGES
SOUTH AFRICA: 18% CHINA: 5%
PEARS UNITED STATES: 14% UNITED STATES: 15%
OTHER: 14%
CHINA: 62%
I
CHILE: 9%
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
REST OF THE WORLD
KIWIFRUIT
CHINA
OTHER ASIA
LES
EXPO RT
B TA
S
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR S
REST OF THE WORLD
ITALY: 54%
VOLUME (tonnes)
GE VE
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
NEW ZEALAND: 23%
2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 OTHER ASIA
JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
08 09
INDONESIA Indonesia is a net importer of fresh produce and a market that is showing increasing levels of demand. Most of the fresh fruit imported consists of products that are not widely grown in the Indonesian climate, including apples and mandarins, which are supplied in the main from China. The Indonesian government has attempted to restrict imports of fresh produce, implementing a range of regulatory measures in 2012. Grapes are an expanding import line with relatively even supplies from Southern and Northern Hemisphere producers enabling year-round availability for consumers. Population â€
251m
Annual per-capita fresh produce imports 5.85kg
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
VOLUME (tonnes)
VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Apples 183,859 7% 23.6% Mandarins 179,394 13% 23.0% Pears 131,134 11% 16.8% Longans 119,052 27% 15.3% Grapes 59,449 23% 7.6% Oranges 32,492 4% 4.2% Dragon fruit 12,991 16% 1.7% Other 60,250 7.7% TOTAL 778,621 13% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Garlic 414,958 -1% 60.1% Onions 155,361 -2% 22.5% Carrots 55,484 32% 8.0% Potatoes 46,588 72% 6.7% Legumes 7,395 -8% 1.1% Peppers 2,822 54% 0.4% Other 7,609 1.1% TOTAL 690,217 2% 100%
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Mangoes 21,922 17% 76.8% Tamarind 1,549 -20% 5.4% Bananas 1,489 -7% 5.2% Snake fruit 1,037 3.6% Citrus 854 -2% 3.0% Melons 751 -11% 2.6% Rambutan 566 3% 2.0% Other 370 1.3% TOTAL 28,538 6% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Cabbages & brassicas 56,114 10% 59.9% Onions 19,126 11% 20.4% Potatoes 4,936 -11% 5.3% Legumes 1,987 -11% 2.1% Other root vegetables 1,823 34% 1.9% Aubergines 1,504 27% 1.6% Other 8,239 8.8% TOTAL 93,729 7% 100%
* Five-year compound annual growth rate
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
ARGENTINA: 2% AUSTRALIA: 3%
IMPORT SUPPLIERS
SOUTH AFRICA: <1%
MARKET SHARE 2012
OTHER: 1%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
PAKISTAN: 4%
MANDARINS
SOUTH AFRICA: 1% NEW ZEALAND: 2%
CHINA: 90%
OTHER: 1%
UNITED STATES: 27% UNITED STATES: 29%
OTHER: 6% SOUTH AFRICA: 6%
APPLES
AUSTRALIA: 11%
GRAPES
CHINA: 69%
PERU: 12%
REST OF THE WORLD
CHINA
LES
EXPO RT
B TA
S
NEW ZEALAND: 3%
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR S CHINA
REST OF THE WORLD
INDIA: 8%
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE
VEGETABLES
CHINA: 70%
VOLUME (tonnes)
GE VE
OTHER ASIA
AUSTRALIA: 2%
I
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
OTHER: 17%
CHINA: 21%
CHILE: 15%
700,000
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS
600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
OTHER ASIA Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
10 11
JAPAN Japan is a major importer of fresh produce, with the trade dominated by bananas, pineapples, citrus and onions. It is also the largest avocado importer in Asia. Grapefruit and oranges have traditionally been the country’s key citrus imports, but over the last five years there has been increased demand for oranges, offsetting a small decline in demand for grapefruit. While Japan is a significant producer of deciduous fruits including apples, cherries and stonefruit, consumption is heavily focused on home-grown seasonal fruit, with comparatively little imported out of season despite rising demand for imported grapes.
IMPORTS
Population †
VOLUME (tonnes)
Annual per-capita fresh produce imports 21.5kg
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Bananas 1,086,538 n/c 58.4% Pineapples 174,041 5% 9.4% Grapefruit 151,413 -5% 8.1% Oranges 130,422 7% 7.0% Kiwifruit 63,970 2% 3.4% Avocados 58,555 25% 3.1% Lemons & limes 55,895 -2% 3.0% Melons 31,065 n/c 1.7% Grapes 21,406 34% 1.2% Mandarins 20,309 19% 1.1% Other 65,525 3.5% TOTAL 1,859,139 1% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Onions 342,710 17% 38.9% Pumpkins & squash 125,024 4% 14.2% Cabbages & brassicas 84,110 21% 9.5% Carrots 82,951 18% 9.4% Leeks 56,409 11% 6.4% Peppers 33,626 10% 3.8% Garlic 19,862 n/c 2.3% Asparagus 15,243 n/c 1.7% Other 122,147 13.8% TOTAL 882,082 14% 100% * Five-year compound annual growth rate
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
127m
EXPORTS VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Apples 9,107 -22% 65.0% Mandarins 2,424 -8% 17.3% Pears 1,042 -9% 7.4% Peaches, nectarines & plums 439 -6% 3.1% Persimmons 388 -6% 2.8% Grapes 360 -3% 2.6% Other 255 1.8% TOTAL 14,015 -19% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Pumpkins & squash 385 -15% 40.3% Cabbages & brassicas 278 -20% 29.1% Carrots 130 -15% 13.6% Onions 62 -61% 6.5% Other 101 10.6% TOTAL 956 -5% 100%
+25% AVOCADOS
Japan’s avocado imports have grown by 25 per cent per year, with product mainly supplied by Mexico.
IMPORT SUPPLIERS MARKET SHARE 2012
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
UNITED STATES: 41%
GRAPES
CHILE: 57%
CHILE: 1%
UNITED STATES: 8%
NEW ZEALAND: 1%
AVOCADOS
OTHER: 3%
CHILE: 4%
MEXICO: 2%
AUSTRALIA: 8%
SOUTH AFRICA: 15%
CITRUS
MEXICO: 90%
UNITED STATES: 70% OTHER: 4%
REST OF THE WORLD
EXPO RT
LES
S
B TA
CHINA
PUMPKINS & SQUASH NEW ZEALAND: 52%
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE VOLUME (tonnes)
GE VE
OTHER ASIA
I
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
MEXICO: 44%
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR REST OF S THE WORLD CHINA
2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
OTHER ASIA Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
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14 15
MALAYSIA Malaysia is a net importer of fresh produce and has continued to grow its imports of fresh fruit and vegetables from a large number of different sources, providing consumers with year-round supply of seasonal items. Vegetables including onions and cabbage are among the largest fresh produce imports in volume terms, while apples and citrus are key fruit import categories. Mangoes and grapes have also been enjoying stronger growth rates recently. Malaysiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s exports are smaller in volume, relatively stable and mostly supplied to nearby destinations within the asean trade bloc. Population â&#x20AC;
29.6m
Annual per-capita fresh produce imports 52.6kg
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
VOLUME (tonnes)
VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Apples 102,032 3% 19.8% Oranges 95,044 2% 18.5% Mangoes & mangosteens 60,532 19% 11.8% Mandarins 59,294 -11% 11.5% Pears 43,684 -1% 8.5% Grapes 32,850 9% 6.4% Durians 10,307 6% 2.0% Other 110,900 21.5% TOTAL 514,643 4% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Onions 441,980 2% 42.3% Potatoes 181,920 21% 17.4% Cabbages & brassicas 139,274 10% 13.3% Garlic 91,254 4% 8.7% Carrots 70,933 5% 6.8% Peppers 42,845 n/c 4.1% Cucumbers & gherkins 10,568 -7% 1.0% Other 66,627 6.4% TOTAL 1,045,401 4% 100%
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Watermelons 49,607 2% 28.8% Durians 23,521 5% 13.6% Papaya 21,277 -8% 12.3% Pineapples 18,637 n/c 10.8% Bananas 18,349 -4% 10.6% Mangoes & mangosteens 5,007 -5% 2.9% Oranges 2,198 24% 1.3% Other 33,904 19.7% TOTAL 172,500 -1% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Tomatoes 41,270 13% 20.4% Onions 33,203 -19% 16.4% Cucumbers & gherkins 15,673 -9% 7.7% Cabbages & brassicas 14,466 1% 7.1% Garlic 12,608 -12% 6.2% Legumes 8,707 n/c 4.3% Peppers 6,771 -4% 3.3% Aubergines 5,846 -3% 2.9% Other 64,253 31.7% TOTAL 202,797 -5% 100%
* Five-year compound annual growth rate
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
IMPORT SUPPLIERS MARKET SHARE 2012
OTHER: 2% NEW ZEALAND: 8%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
CHINA: 28%
APPLES FRANCE: 5% OTHER: 7%
SOUTH AFRICA: 43%
PERU: 3%
UNITED STATES: 14%
AUSTRALIA: 6%
OTHER: 1%
AUSTRALIA: 13%
SOUTH AFRICA: 24%
ORANGES
GRAPES
CHILE: 14%
UNITED STATES: 32%
CHINA: 13%
SOUTH AFRICA: 30% OTHERS: 12%
EGYPT: 11%
I
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
LES
EXPO RT
B TA
S
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR S REST OF THE WORLD
VEGETABLES
INDIA: 33%
VOLUME (tonnes)
GE VE
OTHER ASIA
NETHERLANDS: 5% THAILAND: 8%
CHINA
CHINA: 39%
PAKISTAN: 3%
CHINA: 13%
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
REST OF THE WORLD
UNITED STATES: 32%
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
OTHER ASIA Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
16 17
SINGAPORE The cosmopolitan island city-state of Singapore has one of the widest ranges of imported fresh fruit and vegetables, products which are brought in from many different countries thanks to its relatively open access conditions and reliable distribution systems. With modern supermarkets, and efficient ports and infrastructure, Singapore is an established market for fresh produce suppliers. Singapore is also a consolidator and re-exporter of produce to other nearby countries and data suggests around five per cent of fresh produce imports are re-exported.
IMPORTS
Population â&#x20AC;
5.4m
Annual per-capita net fresh produce imports 151.6kg
VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Apples 46,695 0% 11.7% Bananas 44,510 4% 11.2% Oranges 43,460 1% 10.9% Papayas 31,875 8% 8.0% Watermelons 31,066 3% 7.8% Durians 25,075 2% 6.3% Mangoes 22,716 5% 5.7% Peaches, nectarines & plums 5,939 n/c 1.5% Other 147,284 36.9% TOTAL 398,620 2% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Cabbages & brassicas 75,591 1% 15.9% Onions 57,738 5% 12.1% Potatoes 46,660 2% 9.8% Tomatoes 36,914 8% 7.7% Pumpkins & squash 34,551 4% 7.3% Cucumbers & gherkins 25,796 3% 5.4% Carrots 25,575 2% 5.4% Peppers 17,211 5% 3.6% Other 156,296 32.8% TOTAL 476,332 3% 100%
* Five-year compound annual growth rate
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
EXPORTS VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Apples 6,649 2% 24.1% Oranges 5,888 8% 21.4% Grapes 3,776 6% 13.7% Pears 2,801 3% 10.2% Mandarins 2,536 5% 9.2% Lemons & limes 1,056 4% 3.8% Peaches, nectarines & plums 401 13% 1.5% Other 4,455 16.2% TOTAL 27,562 4% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Potatoes 3,681 -13% 19.1% Onions 3,582 20% 18.5% Peppers 1,498 20% 7.8% Cabbages & brassicas 1,437 5% 7.4% Carrots 969 -3% 5.0% Other 8,149 42.2% TOTAL 19,316 -5% 100%
IMPORT SUPPLIERS MARKET SHARE 2012
OTHER: 3%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
NEW ZEALAND: 16%
CHINA: 37%
APPLES SOUTH AFRICA: 23% UNITED STATES: 38%
OTHER: 1% UNITED STATES: 11%
FRANCE: 10%
SOUTH AFRICA: 20%
OTHER: 7%
PERU: 2%
ORANGES
CHILE: 7% AUSTRALIA: 23% AUSTRALIA: 15%
UNITED STATES: 39%
GRAPES
CHINA: 11%
EGYPT: 7% OTHER: 13% SOUTH AFRICA: 24%
EGYPT: 6%
AUSTRALIA: 4%
I
INDONESIA: 5%
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
REST OF SOUTHERN THE WORLD HEMISPHERE CHINA
LES
EXPO RT
B TA
S
INDIA: 7%
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR S REST OF THE WORLD
VEGETABLES
CHINA: 26%
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE VOLUME (tonnes)
GE VE
OTHER ASIA
MALAYSIA: 45%
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000
OTHER ASIA
JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
18 19
SOUTH KOREA South Korea has been importing fresh fruit and vegetables in increasing volume, with the trade increasing by around 10 per cent each year. Fruit imports are dominated by bananas from the Philippines and oranges from the US, while most vegetables are imported from China. Grape imports have also seen a notable rise too – from Chile in particular, providing more counterseasonal supply. Cherry and mango imports are also growing. Many of South Korea’s suppliers face major challenges in the form of high tariffs and quarantine barriers that restrict trade into the country. Population †
48.9m
Annual per-capita fresh produce imports 21.81kg
IMPORTS VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Bananas 367,673 9% 49.2% Oranges 173,943 13% 23.3% Pineapples 73,131 2% 9.8% Grapes 54,192 14% 7.2% Kiwifruit 28,945 n/c 3.9% Lemons & grapefruit 21,116 21% 2.8% Cherries 9,454 29% 1.3% Mangoes 3,041 17% 0.4% Other 16,221 2.2% TOTAL 747,716 10% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Carrots 91,477 5% 28.6% Other root vegetables 44,442 7% 13.9% Onions 42,479 3% 13.3% Potatoes 27,176 13% 8.5% Pumpkins & squash 24,921 5% 7.8% Cabbages & brassicas 34,215 41% 10.7% Garlic 19,699 32% 6.2% Other 35,391 11.1% TOTAL 319,800 10% 100% * Five-year compound annual growth rate
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
EXPORTS VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Pears 15,677 -10% 45.5% Persimmons 8,754 4% 25.4% Mandarins 3,611 9% 10.5% Strawberries 2,152 20% 6.2% Apples 1,694 -22% 4.9% Melons 1,873 14% 5.4% Other 700 2.0% TOTAL 34,461 -4% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Peppers 21,405 5% 48.9% Cabbages & brassicas 14,329 -6% 32.8% Tomatoes 2,437 39% 5.6% Pumkins & squash 1,222 57% 2.8% Other 4,336 9.9% TOTAL 43,729 -5% 100%
+13% ORANGES
South Korea’s orange imports have risen by 13 per cent per year, with the United States being the major supplier.
IMPORT SUPPLIERS MARKET SHARE 2012
PERU: 1% OTHER: 1%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
BANANAS
PHILIPPINES: 98%
SOUTH AFRICA: 1% CHILE: 2%
AUSTRALIA: 1%
NEW ZEALAND: 1%
ORANGES
UNITED STATES: 96%
CHERRIES
NEW ZEALAND: 8%
UNITED STATES: 99%
CHINA
OTHER ASIA
LES
EXPO RT
B TA
S
I
VEGETABLES
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR S REST OF THE WORLD
CHINA: 80%
VOLUME (tonnes)
GE VE
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
UNITED STATES: 9%
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
REST OF THE WORLD
AUSTRALIA: 4%
700,000
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS
600,000 500,000
CHINA
400,000 300,000 200,000
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
100,000 JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
OTHER ASIA Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
20 21
TAIWAN Taiwan is a net importer of fresh produce, although the overall trend is slowly declining. Apples account for 45 per cent of all the fruit imported by Taiwan, which is also the largest importer of stonefruit – nectarines, peaches and plums – in Asia. Although Taiwan has an increasing number of modern supermarket outlets, its traditional wet markets remain a major supply channel to consumers for the fresh fruit and vegetable trade. The US is Taiwan’s major supplier of imported fresh fruit and vegetables, accounting for almost 50 per cent of the total import volume. Population †
23.3m
Annual per-capita fresh produce imports 22.9kg
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
VOLUME (tonnes)
VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Apples 134,403 -4% 45.2% Kiwifruit 35,763 11% 12.0% Peaches, nectarines & plums 25,218 -19% 8.5% Citrus 21,406 3% 7.2% Durians 17,998 -7% 6.1% Grapes 17,195 -10% 5.8% Cherries 14,984 4% 5.0% Other 30,519 10.3% TOTAL 297,486 -5% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Cabbages & brassicas 77,051 n/c 32.7% Onions & shallots 66,905 11% 28.4% Other root vegetables 25,780 -6% 11.0% Potatoes 20,301 16% 8.6% Lettuce 17,480 5% 7.4% Peppers 3,773 -8% 1.6% Asparagus 3,232 -17% 1.4% Other 20,846 8.9% TOTAL 235,368 2% 100%
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Bananas 9,162 n/c 25.1% Citrus 6,865 8% 18.8% Sugar apples 5,953 91% 16.3% Mangoes & mangosteens 5,404 2% 14.8% Pineapples 4,276 50% 11.7% Starfruit 2,116 -5% 5.8% Other 2,683 7.4% TOTAL 36,459 10% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Carrots 13,555 -7% 49.1% Lettuce 8,311 49% 30.1% Cabbages & brassicas 1,442 1% 5.2% Legumes 1,062 6% 3.8% Other 3,234 11.7% TOTAL 27,604 -5% 100%
* Five-year compound annual growth rate
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
+50% PINEAPPLES
Taiwan’s pineapple exports have grown by 50 per cent a year, with China overtaking Japan as the leading destination.
IMPORT SUPPLIERS MARKET SHARE 2012
OTHER: 1%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
CHILE: 23%
PEACHES, NECTARINES & PLUMS
JAPAN: 1%
UNITED STATES: 76%
SOUTH AFRICA: 2%
OTHER: 1%
NEW ZEALAND: 9%
OTHER: 1% AUSTRALIA:13%
APPLES
CHILE: 33%
CITRUS
UNITED STATES: 45% JAPAN: 7%
SOUTH AFRICA: 41%
UNITED STATES: 47% UNITED STATES: 46%
OTHER: 10% SOUTH KOREA: 6%
I
INDONESIA: 12%
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
REST OF THE WORLD
CHINA
VEGETABLES
VIETNAM: 12%
OTHER ASIA
LES
EXPO RT
B TA
S
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR S REST OF THE WORLD
CHINA: 3%
VOLUME (tonnes)
GE VE
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
400,000
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS
350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000
CHINA
100,000 JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
OTHER ASIA Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
22 23
THAILAND Thailand has continued to grow its fresh fruit and vegetable exports and imports, largely by boosting trade with neighbouring China. Increased demand for high-quality produce following an easing of some tariffs is driving retail demand for imported produce, giving customers year-round availability of many seasonal products. Imports are mostly those products that are not grown extensively in Thailand, such as apples and table grapes. Thailand is making progress in becoming a regulated market, with most suppliers dealing with legislative changes in order to maintain trade. Population † Annual per-capita fresh produce imports
IMPORTS
67.4m 13kg
EXPORTS
VOLUME (tonnes)
VOLUME (tonnes)
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Mandarins 144,841 70% 29.3% Apples 133,090 6% 26.9% Grapes 80,646 32% 16.3% Pears 34,008 -5% 6.9% Bananas 14,667 -7% 3.0% Oranges 12,516 22% 2.5% Cherries 2,858 33% 0.6% Other 71,782 14.5% TOTAL 494,408 17% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Onions 86,420 9% 22.5% Carrots 77,271 11% 20.1% Cabbages 69,369 32% 18.0% Potatoes 38,547 7% 10.0% Garlic 34,309 3% 8.9% Cauliflower & broccoli 29,282 17% 7.6% Peas 10,801 28% 2.8% Other 38,466 10.0% TOTAL 384,465 14% 100%
FRESH FRUIT 2012 TREND* SHARE Longans 455,663 28% 39.7% Durians 351,124 15% 30.6% Mangoes & mangosteens 196,441 34% 17.1% Bananas 27,600 7% 2.4% Jackfruit 18,201 57% 1.6% Grapefruit 13,379 5% 1.2% Lychees 11,642 19% 1.0% Other 72,894 6.4% TOTAL 1,146,944 21% 100% FRESH VEGETABLES 2012 TREND* SHARE Onions 43,884 -8% 41.5% Peppers 14,644 3% 13.9% Legumes 5,024 64% 4.8% Other 42,136 39.9% TOTAL 105,688 -5% 100%
* Five-year compound annual growth rate
ASIAFRUIT CONGRESS 2013 Statistics Handbook
+70% MANDARINS
Thailand’s mandarin import volume has grown by 70 per cent per year, with most of the fruit coming from China.
IMPORT SUPPLIERS MARKET SHARE 2012
AUSTRALIA: 6%
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
UNITED STATES: 27%
CHINA: 18%
POTATOES
EUROPE: 26%
AUSTRALIA: <1%
CANADA: 23% NEW ZEALAND: 19% JAPAN: 1%
AUSTRALIA: 3%
CHILE: 4%
EUROPE: 4%
APPLES
PERU: 7% INDIA: 2%
UNITED STATES: 13%
UNITED STATES: 13%
GRAPES
CHINA: 63% AUSTRALIA: 3% CHINA: 71%
CHINA
LES
EXPO RT
B TA
S
MANDARINS
FRESH PRODUCE TRADE
FRUIT & VEGET AB ESH LE FR S REST OF THE WORLD
CHINA: 97%
VOLUME (tonnes)
GE VE
OTHER ASIA
I
S FRESH FRU ORT IT & MP
REST OF SOUTHERN THE WORLD HEMISPHERE
1,400,000
FRUIT IMPORTS VEGETABLE IMPORTS FRUIT EXPORTS VEGETABLE EXPORTS
1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000
CHINA OTHER ASIA
JAN-DEC 2008
JAN-DEC 2009
JAN-DEC 2010
JAN-DEC 2011
JAN-DEC 2012
Source: Trade Map, International Trade Centre, † CIA World Factbook
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