Portfolio - Lik LAM

P ORTFOLIO

I am always interested in how we interact with our urban society. The physical form of our society shapes a person’s living style, a city’s image and a country’s culture and values. I believe that good urban planning can improve an individual’s life, make a city attractive and competitive and yet not sacrifice and exploit our beautiful environment.

My sociological background has equipped me with strong analytical skills and sensitive cultural awareness to unveil urban problems through different perspectives and generate innovative solutions. Graduated from the University of Sydney in Master of Urbanism (Urban and Regional Planning), I am ready to dedicate myself to make this world a better place for everyone.

BACKGROUND

SKILLS

Analytical Skill

Data Processing Skill

Communication

Adobe Suite - Illustrator / InDesign

Sketchup

Arcmap (GIS)

LANGUAGES

Cantonese - Native

English - Professional

Mandarin - Professional

French - A2~B1

EDUCATION

2018 - 2019 | The University of Sydney

Master of Urbanism (Urban and Regional Planning)

2012 - 2014 | The University of Hong Kong

Bachelor of Social Sciences

• Majoring in Sociology

• Minoring in Urban Governance

nicklam720@gmail.com

06 33 92 14 35

I Strategic Plan - Westmead 2050

II Urban Form and Grid Study - Darling Harbour

III Land Use and Infrastructure Plan - Bella Vista

IV Feasibility Study - 142-152 Broadway

V GIS Mapping Project: Commute Modes Change - Greater Sydney

Two-page View / Scrolling for better reading. Thank you.

Strategic Plan Westmead 2050

Westmead (Parramatta) will be the second CDB in Greater Sydney Region and this project aims to study the potential of the site area and ignite the prosper future of Greater Sydney’s second CDB with a promising strategic plan.

To secure the leading development in Westmead, thorough research and analysis on 5 different elements are carried out. They are Economy, Community and Culture, Liveability, Connectivity and Ecology.

Overall, Westmead contains valuable aboriginal and colonial history that should never be buried. Parramatta River, Toongabbie Creek, Parramatta Park are the precious recreational assets that enhance both living quality and land value if being taken care nicely. Public transportation is weak but the upcoming light rail will improve the internal connection in Westmead. Low dense residential underlying the huge capacity to intake more population with the right development.

While Greater Sydney Commission and the City of Parramatta have their plans on Parramatta, none has included Westmead as a whole and plan together as a world-class city. Therefore, 2 development approaches have been studied and a liveable city approach is finalised.

Traditionally, great cities capitalises the benefits of being located close to the waterfront. Westmead will follow their steps and by unlocking the true potential of waterfronts in Westmead and Parramatta, Westmead will be an attractive and well-integrated city that celebrates nature, heritage and culture, thus catalysing sustainable growth and innovation.

1.2 Surrounding Area

1.3 Demography

Westmead 2050 within immediate surrounding:

• Rich in Natural Environment Assets of Parramatta River, Parramatta Park and Parramatta Lake

• Equipped with three existing train Station.

• Envisioned to be an Intermodal Public Transport City with upcoming Metro and Light Rail development.

• Containing six different suburbs with each distinct characteristic.

• Within close proximity with the Western Sydney University

Parramatta and the Olympic Peninsula. On these accounts, Westmead is at unprecedented high pace of growth within 30 years time.

A successful strategic plan requires a depth understanding of people’s needs and trends which occur to the place. The statistical information of population characteristic would enable all stakeholder to capture the existing and projected future of one city. The conducted research is limited to factors that are significant to our strategic plan. All figure is generated from the Australian Bureau of Statistics survey data in 2016, compiled and presented by Profile.id. Community profiles include five year age group, birth country, language spoken at home, household types, housing tenure, household income, methods travel to work, commute lifestyle and employment industry.

The figures of birthplace and language spoken at home indicate an emerging overseas migrant population in Westmead. Overall, 36,1% of the population was aged between 25 to 44 year olds with the largest age group being 30 to 34 years old. It indicates the demand for services and facilities to suit this demography. An emerging group of newborn population is also seen in the age structure justified the 35% of the population who are couples with children. The largest portion of the household has medium income and 75% of the population were private renters. Indicating the socio-economic status of Westmead, these figures are important to study the housing market and the affordability. The two biggest employment sector are health care, social assistance, professional, scientific and technical services. Almost 80% of all workers live outside Parramatta CBD and Westmead. Residents remain to use private cars over public transportation which indicates an issue that needs to be revisited.

Westmead is young, diverse, family oriented, they are car-dependent, and the biggest percentage of workers come from health care and social assistance. The authors conclude that Westmead must adapt its built form in order to support this type of demography.

Westmead is a part of the City of Parramatta Council closely neighbouring with Cumberland Council down to the south-west side of the site, consisted of six smaller suburbs with each distinct characteristics including Wentworthville, Constitution Hill, Westmead, North Parramatta, Northmead, and Parramatta. Situated around rich natural environment assets such as Parramatta River, Parramatta Park and Parramatta Lake, Westmead is potential to be developed with great amenities. The three existing train stations serving Western line, Cumberland line and Inner West line which terminates in Parramatta. Adjacent key destinations are Wentworthville Local Centre, Western Sydney University and the New Aquatic Leisure Centre. Upcoming light rail and metro, the Parramatta Square and the New Aquatic Leisure Centre will surely build on the value and characteristics of the place. The authors aim to develop a Strategic Plan for Westmead that would sustain this transformation.

2.6 SWOT | Summary

By synthesising the SWOT analysis of each theme, the key strengths and weaknesses, crucial opportunities, and most pressing threats were identified.

Across all themes, strengths were noted in the Westmead Health & Education Precinct and Parramatta CBD, whether tangible - such as commercial nodes or high density dwellings - or intangible, including community and social infrastructure. Other predominant strengths include the Parramatta Park and River and existing resources such as bus networks, green space, and heritage assets.

In general, weaknesses identified on site related to inefficient use of space due to either low density residential zoning or inactive frontages. Other notable weaknesses are low tree canopy coverage (affecting both Ecology and Liveability outcomes) and the functioning of Parramatta Park and River as barriers to intra-site connectivity.

In turn, each of these weaknesses gives rise to significant opportunities for growth and development.

The upcoming light rail presents a critical opportunity for linking the site and bolstering economic possibilities, while there is significant scope to supplement existing bus routes with an inter-modal public transport network. Furthermore, there is a unique opportunity to revitalise and positively transform the Parramatta River. Flooding and the urban heat island effect, the foremost threats to Westmead, are both environmental and can be curbed through a combination of ecological policies and physical intervention. Both threats will be significant in shaping the development of action plans in each theme.

5.1 Strategic Option 1

Stage 1: 2020 - 2025

STRATEGIC OPTION 1

Double Economic Powerhouse City

In this strategy, development radiates outwards from two key sites: the Westmead Health & Education precinct and Parramatta CBD. Intensive development of the economy and infrastructure at both sites transforms them into twin economic hubs that attract new residents, investors, and ultimately drive the development and transformation of the rest of the site.

The first stage in this strategic option focuses on consolidating the twin economic cores of the Westmead Health & Education Precinct and the Parramatta CBD. This will be achieved through a number of measures including creating new jobs, investing in the expansion of the H&E Precinct and CBD, and upgrading infrastructure in both cores. To achieve this, a combination of policy changes and physical interventions will be undertaken.

Stage 2: 2025 - 2035

Once Westmead’s position as a highly competitive economic powerhouse and employment hotbed has been secured, the focus will shift toward attracting new residents to the site. Development and investment will begin to radiate outward from the two cores, and new connections between discrete parts of Westmead will be established. Actions in this stage will focus on delivering vital resources such as housing and public transport networks.

Stage 3: 2035 - 2050

Provide jobs first

In the final stage, focus shifts toward enhancing liveability and delivering amenities to residents and visitors. This will entail the provision of social infrastructures such as schools, affordable housing, and community spaces, in addition to a high quality public domain, ample green space, and cultural and leisure amenities. This stage will add another facet to Westmead’s character and cement its position as a key regional hub. People

5.2 Strategic Option 2

Stage

STRATEGIC OPTION 2 Liveable River City

In this strategy, development follows a linear path along the Parramatta River, one of the site’s most unique and celebrated elements. The targeted revitalisation will transform the River into a distinctive feature that is attractive to future

and

1: 2020 - 2025

In this strategic option, the first priority is revitalising the Parramatta River and positioning it as Westmead’s foremost attraction. To achieve this, a comprehensive ecological strategy including remediation and conservation works and policy development will be undertaken. The river revitalisation will also extend to Toongabbie Creek and all waterfront foreshores, the latter of which will be activated as cultural spaces and the venue for a program of community events.

Stage 2:

2025

- 2035

The second stage of development will meet the needs of new residents and businesses attracted to Westmead by the newly revitalised river. This will entail the provision of new schools, a vibrant public domain, an expanded public transport network, and greater commercial opportunities, alongside the diversification of housing stock to include affordable housing and varied typologies. Concurrently, cultural programs and venues will ensure Westmead’s unique heritage and community are celebrated.

Stage 3: 2035 - 2050

At this point, actions will specifically target employment growth within Westmead and focus on consolidating a framework for sustainable economic development. In addition to providing new jobs in the existing health and education industries, this stage will see the creation of jobs in a diverse range of fields including technology and the arts. To accommodate this, new commercial space will be provided across the site through a combination of construction and upgrading existing structures.

Make it attractive

5.4 Strategic Option Comparison

PROS

• Holistic, “big picture” development approach that distributes investment across the site

• Cohesive, considered riverside development that provides a strong spine for the city

option 1 focuses on economic growth from the beginning and while strategic option

• Prioritisation of economy over environment and social factors

• Potential mismatch between demand and rapid rate of development

Potential displacement of existing working class communities

Decentralisation of economic functions safeguards against failure

• Potential for inconsistency between precincts as they are developed individually

• Environmental and cultural risks entailed with rapid development Wealth and investment remains concentrated instead of spread throughout site

• Potential mismatch between demand and rapid rate of development

• Strategic management of environmental complications associated with river, e.g. flooding and drought

PROS Westmead 2050 Integrated Strategic Plan New Dwelling Provision in Different Development Models

• Allows pace of development to be dictated by need

• Slower rate of development due to environmental practicalities of rehabilitating river

percentage of Affordable Rental Housing: 20% and Social Housing 5%

Appendix 5. Employment Projection

Average % Growth from 2008 to 2018 in table 2

1.873636364

Average % Growth % of top 7 years in table 2 = reference for Option 1 (high growth)

3.327142857

Average % Growth % of top 3 years in table 2 = reference for Option 2 after 2025 (very high growth)

Table 1 shows the calculation of getting the employment in Westmead in 2016 with the Census data.

Table 2 show the employment change in City of Parramatta from 2001 t0 2008.

Table 3 show 3 average percentage change from table 2. The first one shows the average of employment growth in from 2008 to 2018, which is used as projection for Business as usual. Second number is the top 7 employment growth from 2001 to 2018, which is used to project if Strategic option 1 is adopted as a strong economic outcome is expected. Last number represent the top 3 employment growth from 2001 to 2018, which represent the even higher growth which revitalisation of river can bring to Westmead after 2025.

Number in blue boxes are used in section 5.4 Strategic Option Comparison.

Appendix 6. Dwelling Projection

Table 1 shows the calculation of getting the population in Westmead in 2017 from the Idprofile - City of Parramtta.

Table 2 shows the population growth in City of Parramatta from 2006 t0 2018.

Table 3 shows 3 average percentage change from table 2. The first one shows the average of population growth in from 2006 to 2018, which is used as projection for Business as usual. Second number is the top 7 employment growth from 2006 to 2018, which is used to project if Strategic option 1 is adopted as a strong economic outcome is expected. Last number represent the top 3 employment growth from 2001 to 2018, which represent the even higher growth which revitalisation of river can bring to Westmead after 2025.

Table 4 shows the population growth according to different projection used.

Table 5 uses the population growth to calculate dwellings needed in Westmead in different option. Numbers highlighted in blue boxes in table 5 are used in section 5.4 Strategic Option Comparison.

Appendix 4. Dwelling Calculation

Summary

Responsible for the theme - Economy, three objectives and action plans are proposed.

1. To ensure Westmead becomes a real CDB and an economic powerhouse, It is necessary to increase commercial space provision and strengthen the night-time economy in key areas, as it would make the CBD more attractive for workers and residents nearby.

2. Building a resilient economy means to develop varies industrial. The light industrial land in North Parramatta is proposed to be revitalised as an art and innovation hub. Local artists and young entrepreneurs are encouraged to more there with government-supported co-living housing scheme and cheap warehouse workshops. Recreation and entertainment facilities will be strengthened in Parramatta Park, Parramatta River and Toongabbie Creek to support the tourism industry.

3. With an expected growth in population, new local centres are identified and key development should with appropriate changes in planning controls.

Divided into 3 stages, Westmead will focus on strengthening the growth in Parramatta CDB and revitalisation of Parramatta Park and Parramatta River in the first 5 years. This is to build a solid foundation of Parramatta CDB with high land value to attract more investment. Meanwhile, thorough studies and necessary changes in planning controls in other areas will be conducted.

In the next 15 years, rapid development will be ignited in Westmead Health and Education Precinct and East Parramatta. It is to focus on the housing, public and social infrastructure and ensure a high-quality metropolitan living style in Westmead and Parramatta.

At stage 3, the development will extend to North Parramatta and West Westmead. Stable provision of varies types of housing, as well as excellent design of local centres and infrastructure, will support sustainable growth in Westmead and Parramatta. Westmead will be a true new CDB of Greater Sydney that attract everyone around the world.

To ensure economy Westmead.

First, it is of the Parramatta While hundreds be invested environment and workers. near Church much land omy and and pubs the longer cally increase commercial current m2 of floor which cannot for providing

OBJECTIVE 1

Securing economic and employment growth in Parramatta CBD and Westmead Health and Education

OBJECTIVE 2

Developing various industries to build a resilient economic growth in Wesmead

ACTION PLAN

OBJECTIVE 3

Developing new local centres to support future population growth in the long run

Precedent: Rouse Hill Centre, Rouse Hill

ACTION PLAN

• Revitalise Parramatta River and Tonngabie Creek

• Increase commercial office space

• Prioritise public domain renewal

• Develop night-time economy

• Ultilise Parramatta Park and new Bankwest Stadium with more international events and festivals

• Extend Parramatta CBD along Church Street with commercial and night-time economy

• Revitalise light industrial land in North Westmead to Art and Innovation Hub

6.1.1 Strategic Action Plan | Economy

Site

OBJECTIVE 1

Securing economic and employment growth in Parramatta CBD and Westmead Health and Education Precinct

STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN

• Build more commercial floor space by increasing building height and Floor Space Ratio (FSR)

• Improve walking experience on Church St and Hawkesbury Rd with high quality public domain design

• Prioritise pedestrian walking path over car roads

• Expand Westmead H&E Precinct to Northmead

OBJECTIVE 2

Developing various industries to build a resilient economic growth in Westmead

STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN

• Develop strong night-time economy on Church Street and Hawkesbury Road

• Revitalise and utilise Parramatta River

• Develop new attractions along Parramatta River

• Revitalise North Parramatta industrial land into Art and Innovation Hub with cheap rent for artists and startups

• Intergrate with provision of public amenities

• Improve accessibility to local centres

1. Victoria Road between Macarthur Street and Gaggin Street - Rezone from B1 / R3 / R4 to B2

2. Hawkesbury Road from Westmead Station to Helen Street - Rezone from Queens Road to Helen Street from R4 to R4

3. Darcy Road on west side of Westmead H&E Precinct - Slowly expend economy nearby

Second, developing on business is highly indigenous be strong the future Parramatta in Westmead CBD. Large ised into house space the next With the to plan needs and vices, libraries residential North Parramatta should be imate to

Site Boundaries Potential New Local Centres

OBJECTIVE 3

Developing new local centres to support future population growth in the long run

Precedent: George Street, Sydney CBD

Source: Katt Gao n.d.

ACTION PLAN

• Identify and rezone land for local centres

• Integrate local centres with mixed commercial, residential and public amenities

• Widen and prioritise pedestrian walking path in local centres

• Limit car speed

• Improve public transportation network to access local centres

To achieve a stronger economy in Westmead, economic growth in the Parramatta CBD and the Westmead H&E precinct will be prioritised. Revitalising Parramatta River, particularly near Church Street with a more inclusive waterfront can allow more space for events and festivals. Extending Vivid to Parramatta can be considered. Expanding restaurants and pubs along the

river will With the Street will active frontage bury road

of Toongabbie the

Apart from Parramatta walk and quality event facility in er will be field. The lead visitors the Cumberland ings will be new iconic attracting The Art and centre for move in. key to success. ated by the ty-based generations With the in varies centres with crucial for the new Parramatta matta; North land Hospital; Hawkesbury Road near

the order to into a authors

Parramatta

Westmead as plan revitalising as the the the intends quality stormwater waterways, Bike diverse festivals to Also, within be for the locals secure the employment areas would environmentally home and and such as Frog

Protecting for for ecosystem. range of (e.g. Woodland

Stage 1 2020 - 2025

Parramatta Park Revitalisation

• Flora and fauna research

• Setup habitat protection policy

• Waterways improvement

• Pedestrian access improvement to surrounding sites

• Adding more activity clusters

• Improve amenities and lighting

• Conducting more events and festivals

Toongabie Creek

Bushland Reserve

• Flora and fauna research

• Setup habitat protection policy

• Waterways improvement

• Pedestrian access improvement to surrounding sites

Recreational Bike Path

• Implementing Parramatta Bike Plan

• Oudoor gym facilities

• Stormwater response tree planting

Night Time Economy

Enhanced Cultural Programming

Multilingual Signage Pilot Area

Heritage Adaptive Reuse

Special Cultural Buildings

Recreational Bike Path

Parramatta River Revitalisation

• Strong night time economy

• Numerous cultural programs

• Active inclusive waterfront

• Waterways improvement

Heritage Walk Path

• Research / observation

• Installation

• Waterways improvement

and line this and habitat up and to these improved keep

Westmead Transport Hub

Light Rail

Light Rail Station

New Free Shuttle Bus

Train Line

Endangered Vegetation Protection

Priority Precinct

At the walk side created the heritage the recreation. The a Westmead increased and area. residential properties flooding and the to hard waterways into stormwater as well outs trenches

River Revitalisation

Parramarra Park Revitalisation

Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Swale Graden

Tree Canopy Improvement

Existing Green Space

In this expected turn result, could the next toward

Stage 2 2025 - 2035

will further with strong paving the Hub in same Parramatta will planning release new commercial building The river will changed to building while the Street will 40 m FSR. maximum drastically 1.5 million half used as other half facilities the projects park Stadium Seasonal also be field underground will much well as for the season.

North Parramatta Local Centre

• Connected by Light Rail and Metro Northwest Link

• Serving surrounding high density development

• Westmead Botanic Garden

Wesmead Transport Hub

• Integrating Train, Metro, Light Rail and Bus

• Affordable housing

• Student accomodation

• Vibrant Hawkesburry Road with mixed commercial and residential space

Parramatta Economic Corridor Expansion

• Strong night time economy

• Community-based living for young professional

• Adaptive re-use with diverse events and programs

• High rise towers with A-grade office space and apartments

• Urban heat island mitigation

Victoria Rd Local Centre

• Connected by more frequent bus routes

• Serving surrounding high density development

• Serving student accommodations

• Enhancement of park habitat

• Urban heat island mitigation plan

Cumberland transformed Garden buildings adaptively facilities flora recreation water local every

Westmead Transport Hub

Light Rail

New Bus Routes

New Free Shuttle Bus

Sydney Metro West

Sydney Metro Northwest

River Revitalisation

Parramarra Park Revitalisation

Endangered Vegetation Protection

New Park

New Habitat for Flora & Fauna

Existing Green Space

Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Swale Graden

Tree Canopy Improvement

At the will development. land been here upzoning Redevelopment in around North and Hub dwellings, At the the locate near and universities CBD enough sustain Density designed centres, density manner. necessary access view

Stage 3 2035 - 2050

stage of consolidate previous the site cohesive, focus will areas in previously North site’s school cater for workers in Westmead precinct stages, and student be this, within significantly previously the North avail of provided public network. Final network will stage, and establishment Circle, the expansion of Rail, and routes areas in west. Parramatta will connections to through the

Enhanced Public Transportation Network

• Westmead Metro City Circle Metro with 6 stations

• North expansion of Parramatta Light Rail

• City circle bus routes

• More frequent bus routes serving east and west residential areas

• Connection to Sydney Metro West and Northwest Link

New TOD Precinct

• Proposing community-based living

• New research centre for Westmead H&E precinct expansion

North Wentworthville

• Dedicated key-workers and student accommodation

• Existing school expansion

• Tree canopy improvement

Art & Innovation Hub

• Redevelop light industrial land

• Low-rent spaces for artists and start-ups

• Expansion of community-based living

• New theatre

• Many events and programs

North Parramatta

• Connected with more frequent bus routes

• Connected to Parramatta Lake

• New school

enhancement frequency. At precinct Westmead expansion Health and community-based Alongside amenity-oriented the also new revitalised the the density and corridor the opportunity Westmead only culturally. Through including and low ups, previously of destination creatives,

Westmead Transport Hub

Light Rail

New Bus Routes

Metro City Circle

Sydney Metro West

Sydney Metro Northwest

River Revitalisation

Parramarra Park Revitalisation

Endangered Vegetation Protection

New Park

New Habitat for Flora & Fauna

Existing Green Space

Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Swale Graden

Tree Canopy Improvement

Pedestrian Access to Parramatta Lake

Urban Form and Grid Study Darling Harbour

Following deindustrialisation and shift towards the service-based economy, Darling Harbour has successfully reinvented itself into one of Sydney’s most iconic tourism precinct. Its postcard waterfront has further helped to reinforce Sydney’s global city status internationally. Visiting Darling Harbour has become an important part of a visitor’s itinerary and it acts an intermediary that shapes visitors’ experience of the city. This project aims to study the urban form and grid of Darling Harbour and unveil why is it gaining much success.

Notably, the presence of the Western Distributor which was once deemed as a connector has now become a separator in today’s context. Together with all the big blocks around Darling Harbour like ICC Sydney, Harbourside shopping centre and the hotels, Darling Habour is isolated from the rest of Sydney. Limited view reduces the sense of direction especially for tourists who are unfamiliar to Darling Harbour.

To fix this, an extra-wide walking boulevard is created to connect west Darling Harbour from Paddy’s Market to Australian National Maritime Museum. The huge open green space in Tumbalong Park serves as a great assembly point too.

Tumbalong Park also becomes the venue of varies open festivals which attract both visitors and locals. Car roads are not seen in the core areas in Darling Harbour and therefore pedestrian can enjoy the walk and views uninterrupted. Active frontages and street lights brings a sense of security in Darling Harbour especially at night time.

The success of Darling Harbour shows the world with the excellent design Sydney can achieve that emphasise human and human experience.

Neighbourhood Neighbourhood: Building Height and View

use of a part surrounding residential and walled-up concentration including museums till late, and vibrant clusteractivities further to undergo (Griffin et al., complete in a rela-

Building Height and View Movement

Neighbourhood Neighbourhood: Movement

To support ‘experience compres-

buildings

250m

Spaces of Darling Harbour

Streets of Darling Harbour

Open Space and Network Main Streets and Boulevards

Open Space Network

The Darling Harbour precinct comprises of multiple open spaces such as Tumbalong Park, Chinese Garden of Friendship, the Harbourfront area and the Pyrmont Bay Park. They are all well connected by pedestrian only pathways including the Tumbalong Boulevard and the Promenade. This high level of accessibility has supported movement between attractions within Darling

which is of high importance for a tourism precinct.

Four

Group 5 | Dickson - Tamanna - Lik - Evan

Harbour,

View from Pyrmont Bridge to east facing Hyatt Hotel and Sydney Park Towers

View from Pyrmont Bridge to the west with ICC, Sofitel, Novotel and Ibis Hotel building a view barrier from behind

3D model of Darling Harbour - view from the the water side to show big blocks of buildings on the west and high rise buildings in Darling Harbour

Street: Western Distributor

0102050 100m

Connector or Separator?

The Western Distributor was opened in 1972 at a time when Darling Harbour was still an industrial area, and facilitating vehicular movement was seen as a connector. One of its intentions was to alleviate the congested route out of the city through the Pyrmont Bridge during peak hours (Johnson & Parris, 2008). However, the presence of a six-lane expressway with lanes up to 16m wide and concrete viaduct pillars up to 20m in height is seen as obstructing views and along with its hard edges, the Western Distributor has separated north and south Darling Harbour internally as well externally from the city visually and spatially.

Urban Infill to Soften the Street Scale

Notably, this has created an urban void in-between and under the freeway. An urban infill strategy has been adopted and the new IMAX and W Hotel is currently being built in the middle east of the separator as a landmark building to activate the area. To the west, the part of the ICC has been built on the under croft of the Western Distributor and has utilised materials like glass and corten steel to soften the concrete viaduct pillars.

Open Space: Tumbalong Park

Tumbalong Park, the Nucleus

Tumbalong Park is surrounded by Darling Quarter, ICC and the Chinese Garden of FrIendship.

It has been designed to improve accessibility between surrounding precincts including the CBD, Haymarket and Ultimo based on desire lines and acts like like a nucleus. Ample sunlight and unobstructed views of the surrounding area have also made it a popular gathering area for picnics. Besides, it also functions as an event space for a wide spectrum of activities including music concerts to festivals accommodating a crowd up to 27,000, which reinforces Darling Harbour as a tourism precinct.

Human Experience: Safety

Notably, the open space remains safe and inviting later in the night as street lamps and digital signages line would light up the Boulevard. Night activities including dining at outdoor seating areas would further illuminate the Boulevard and offer active frontage which enhances public security through the presence of passive surveillance. This supports the active usage of the open space as a connector and recreational area throughout the day.

Human Experience: Festivals and Various Activities

Tumbalong Park is also a flexible space as it is able to support different programming throughout the year. Just last weekend, it hosted the Taste of Turkey Festival and the Chinese community can also be observed practicing Tai Chi, fostering cross cultural exchange between Sydney’s multi-cultural community. It is further a multi generational open space with amenities like water play features for children as well as wide pedestrian pathways, wayfinding signages to improve place legibility and shaded seating areas, supporting movement of elderly pedestrians in a safe and comfortable way

As such, Tumbalong Park is both a culturally and age inclusive meeting place, supporting Darling Harbour’s role as a tourism precinct, where it is a welcoming place that caters to a diverse range of people who have equal license to play and relax.

Notably, there is one key urban quality criteria lacking in Darling Harbour, which is the protection against unpleasant sensory experience, in particular, from rain. The absence of public rain shelters along the Boulevard would reduce overall comfort and overall pedestrian experience. Interestingly, despite being an obstructive built form, the area beneath the Western Distributor has been observed to function as an incidental rain shelter, which gives its existence in a tourism precinct some merits.

Gehl Institute 2016

Group 5 | Dickson - Tamanna - Lik - Evan

Gehl Institute 2016

Land Use and Infrastructure Plan Bella Vista

With the new Metro opened in 2019 connecting North West Sydney to CDB and Bankstown when the second stage is completed, much development will grow around each new station. This project aims to provide land use and infrastructure plan on a large empty land north to Bella Vista Station, one of the many stations located in the Hills Shire Council.

Base on the characters, demographic and climate of the site, 6 challenges have been identified. Bella Vista is a traditional car-based suburb with distinctive zoning. Hot weather and distinctive zoning between residential and commercial area discourage residents from using public transportation.

At the same time, the presence of new high-density developments have increased population outside the planning site. The increased population outside the planning site should also be considered.

To maximise the usage of the metro, local centre will be built next to the station with the pro-

vision of public services including a library, child and elderly care. Land will also be reserved to build schools.

High dense residential buildings are centralised in north Bella Vista. The main street will be pedestrian and cyclists prioritised with trees planted along the street. Main road will move to the east side of the superblock near Elizabeth Macarthur Creek.

A-grade commercial and office space can be found in Bela Vista. This is to ensure employment growth in Bella Vista. Through focusing on both live and work aspects, this helps to differentiate Bella Vista from the work focus Norwest Business Park.

Quick wins are proposed to attract residents visiting Bella Vista and try out new metro service. Pop up bars and temporary retails can be held near the station or on the parking site. Shuttle bus connecting North Bella Vista and other high dense developments is another good way to bring people to Bella Vista.

SIX CHALLENGES

Phase 1

PHASE 2: 2022 - 2026

Phase 2

Developing Bella Vista into a Living and Business Precinct

Development of B2 and B7 east of the station

Complete construction of Pedestrian Priority Street

Complete construction of tertiary roads

Develop R1 until pocket park

Pocket Park

Playground, off-leash area, passive recreation

Links surrounding residential buildings Provide accessible open spaces for densely populated residential area

Phase 3 Phase 4

Sustaining Bella Vista's relevance in

Establish Lifelong Learning Centre

sustainability throughout all life stages practical skills to training for emerging technologies and business trends

Investigate underutilised spaces

Investigate other potential uses for Convert Pedestrian Priority Street

Feasibility Study 142-152 Broadway

The purpose of this feasibility study is to provide a sound purchase price for 142-152 Broadway, Chippendale using the residual valuation method. This study determines the viability of undertaking development on the site and recommends a development mix with appropriate pricing strategy.

The site is 528 square metres (sqm) in a B4 Mixed-use zone, allowing for residential, retail, and commercial uses. To determine the type of development to purchase, the study considers the relatively young demographics and predominantly 2-person households in Chinpendale. The study also considered the requirements of all relevant authority requirements including Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 (Sydney LEP 2012), Sydney Development Control Plan 2012 (Sydney DCP2012) and Apartment Design Guide (ADG) to determine the best development outcome.

Following a series of analyses, the study proposes a total of 27 residential units and 285sqm of ground floor retail space. The residential units

comprise of 3 one-bedroom units, 18 two-units bedroom units and 3 three-bedroom units. The total potential revenue from this development mix is $33.2 million, with potential apartment sales prices calculated from the median prices of apartments in Chippendale.

With 20% development margin and an estimated development cost of $27.7 million, the recommended bid price for the site is $12.2 million under its current FSR and zoning regulations.

142-152 City Road, Broadway, Chippendale NSW 2008. Feasibility Analysis FSR 6:1

Calculation Assumptions:

1. The demolition cost of $100/sqm (Lawler, 2018) for the office building on-site is based on the following calculation: 313sqm (from CAD measurement) x 2 floors = 626sqm.

2. Stamp duty for the land is calculated based on the rate for Premium Property Duty: Over $3 Million (Revenue NSW, 2018).

3. Legals include conveyancing fees for the documentation related to site purchase. Assuming minimal complications, the rate is estimated to be $1500 (Commonwealth Bank of Australia, 2018).

4. For high-quality finishes, the construction cost per sqm is estimated to be $3,400 for units of 90-100sqm (RLB, 2018). The average apartment size = 2490sqm / 27 units = 92sqm.

5. The construction costs of home units and retail space reference the higher end of RLB's construction cost range in Sydney. The costs include costs for building works and building services (RLB, 2018).

6. The building services as mentioned in (5) include special equipment, hydraulics, vertical transport, fire protection, mechanical, building management and electrical services' (RLB, 2018)

7.The building works as mentioned in (5) include substructure, structure, finishings,fittings, preliminary items, attendance and builder’s work in connection with services' (RLB, 2018).

8. Siteworks include the cost of the B Class hoarding over the footpath based on the following calculation: 5m (width of footpath from CAD measurement) x 30.5m (site frontage) = 152.5sqm

9. Traffic management cost includes the annual salary of 2 traffic controllers x $70,000 = $140,000.

10. The professional fees for external consultants are estimated to be 12% of the construction costs (Lawler, 2018). External consultants would include standard consultants and the preparation cost of a dilapidation report. Dilapidation report is required as cracks are observed at the adjoining property wall during site inspection. It is assumed that the costs of building works as mentioned in (7) will cover the cost for adjoining property protection.

11. DA and Building Certificate fees are based on rates in City of Sydney's 'Schedules of Proposed Fees and Charges' (CoS, 2018).

12. A additional 5% of contigency fees based on the construction cost is added to make allowance for unforeseen circumstances.

142-152 City Road, Broadway, Chippendale NSW 2008. Feasibility Analysis FSR 8:1

1.The demolition cost of $100/sqm (Lawler, 2018) for the office building on-site is based on the following calculation: 313sqm (from CAD measurement) x 2 floors = 626sqm.

2.Stamp duty for the land is calculated based on the rate for Premium Property Duty: Over $3 Million (Revenue NSW, 2018).

3. Legals include conveyancing fees for the documentation related to site purchase. Assuming minimal complications, the rate is estimated to be $1500 (Commonwealth Bank of Australia, 2018).

4. For high-quality finishes, the construction cost per sqm is estimated to be $3,400 for units of 90-100sqm (RLB, 2018). The average apartment size = 2490sqm / 27 units = 92sqm.

5. The construction costs of home units and retail space reference the higher end of RLB's construction cost range in Sydney. The costs include costs for building works and building services (RLB, 2018).

6. The building services as mentioned in (5) include special equipment, hydraulics, vertical transport, fire protection, mechanical, building management and electrical services' (RLB, 2018)

7.The building works as mentioned in (5) include substructure, structure, finishings,fittings, preliminary items, attendance and builder’s work in connection with services' (RLB, 2018).

8. Siteworks include the cost of the B Class hoarding over the footpath based on the following calculation: 5m (width of footpath from CAD measurement) x 30.5m (site frontage) = 152.5sqm

9. Traffic management cost includes the annual sa lary of 2 traffic controllers x $70,000 = $140,000.

10. The professional fees for external consultants are estimated to be 12% of the construction costs (Lawler, 2018). External consultants would include standard consultants and the preparation cost of a dilapidation report. Dilapidation report is required as cracks are observed at the adjoining property wall during site inspection. It is assumed that the costs of building works as mentioned in (7) will cover the cost for adjoining property protection.

11. DA and Building Certificate fees are based on rates in City of Sydney's 'Schedules of Proposed Fees and Charges' (CoS, 2018 ).

12. A additional 5% of contigency fees based on the construction cost is added to make allowance for unforeseen circumstances.

Proposed Design

Group 7_PLAN9045 Assignment 02

Appendix 2: Summary of Compliance

Summary of Compliance

The proposed development is permissible with development consent including:

1. Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 (Sydney LEP 2012)

2. Sydney Development Control Plan 2012 (Sydney DCP 2012)

3. Apartment Design Guide (ADG)

The site is identified in Sydney LEP 2012 Land zoning map as being within an R2 Low Density Residential zone. The proposed use is permissible with development consent.

Summary of Compliance with relevant clause of the Sydney LEP 2012

Standard Comments Complies

Part 4 Permitted or prohibited development

4.3 Height of buildings

(1) The objectives of this clause are as follows:

(a) to ensure the height of development is appropriate to the condition of the site and its context,

(b) to ensure appropriate height transitions between new development and heritage items and buildings in heritage conservation areas or special character areas,

(c) to promote the sharing of views,

(d) to ensure appropriate height transitions from Central Sydney and Green Square Town Centre to adjoining areas,

(e) in respect of Green Square:

(i) to ensure the amenity of the public domain by restricting taller buildings to only part of a site, and

(ii) to ensure the built form contributes to the physical definition of the street network and public spaces.

(2) The height of a building on any land is not to exceed the maximum height shown for the land on the Height of Buildings Map.

4.4 Floor space ratio

(1) The objectives of this clause are as follows:

(a) to provide sufficient floor space to meet anticipated development needs for the foreseeable future,

(b) to regulate the density of development, built form and land use intensity and to control the generation of vehicle and pedestrian traffic,

(c) to provide for an intensity of development that is commensurate with the capacity of existing and planned infrastructure,

(d) to ensure that new development reflects the desired character of the locality in which it is located and minimises adverse impacts on the amenity of that locality.

(2) The maximum floor space ratio for a building on any land is not to exceed the floor space ratio shown for the land on the Floor Space Ratio Map.

7 7.3 Car parking spaces not to exceed maximum set out in this Division

(1) Development consent must not be granted to development that includes car parking spaces in connection with a proposed use of land if the total number of car parking spaces (including existing car parking spaces) provided on the site would be greater than the maximum set out in this Division.

(2) If the maximum number of car parking spaces under this Division is not a whole number, the number is to be rounded to the nearest whole number.

7.5 Residential flat buildings, dual occupancies and multi dwelling housing

(1) The maximum number of car parking spaces for residential flat buildings, dual occupancies and multi dwelling housing is as follows:

(a) on land in category A:

(i) for each studio dwelling 0.1 spaces, and

(ii) for each 1 bedroom dwelling 0.3 spaces, and

(iii) for each 2 bedroom dwelling 0.7 spaces, and

(iv) for each 3 or more bedroom dwelling 1 space

7.6 Office premises and business premises

(d) if the building is on land in category D, E or F and has a floor space ratio greater than that specified in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) respectively, the following formula is to be used:

M=(G x A) / (50 x T)

Noted

Max height of 25m shown on Map.

Proposed

G/F: 4.5 m

1/F: 3.6 m

2-6/F: 3.1 m

Total building height: 23.6m

Noted Proposed New proposed building is built with Max FSR of 6:1 shown on Floor Space Ration Map.

Noted

Proposed

Residential dwelling:

Studio: 3 x 0.1 = 0.3

1 Bedroom: 3 x 0.3 = 0.9

2 Bedroom: 18 x 0.7 = 12.6

3 Bedroom: 3 x 1 = 3

Retail: (285 m2 x 528 m2) / (50x 2775 m2) = 1.08

Car Parking: Max car parking spaces for residential dwelling and retail: 0.3 + 0.9 + 12.6 + 3 + 1.08 = 17.88 = 18

Group 7_PLAN9045 Assignment 02 Appendix 2: Summary of Compliance

Summary of Compliance with relevant clause of the Sydney DCP 2012

Standard Comments Complies

4.2

Residential

Flat, Non-Residential and Mixed Use Developments

4.2 4.2.3.8 Common open space

(1) Provide an area of common open space under common title that is at least 25% of the total site area and has a minimum dimension of 6m. The calculation of the required area of common open space is to exclude driveways, parking areas, essential access paths such as fire escape routes, indoor gymnasiums and outdoor clothes drying areas.

(2) The common open space is to be located and designed to achieve good amenity for the dwellings in terms of solar access, natural air flow and ventilation, and outlook. At least 30% of the required common open space area is to receive 2 hours of direct sunlight between 9am and 3pm on 21 June.

(3) Common open space may be located on elevated gardens or roof tops provided that the area and overall

4.2.3.9 Ventilation

(1) Adequate natural ventilation makes an important contribution to the amenity of dwelling units.

(2) Natural cross ventilation in dwelling units is to be achieved by having window openings facing different directions where possible. For single facing apartments, the depth of the apartment is to be less than the width of its external face to encourage good ventilation.

(3) Dwelling units must not solely rely on lightwells or building setbacks enclosed on three sides by other buildings for natural ventilation.

4.2.3.12 Flexible housing and dwelling mix

Provisions

(1) Developments that propose more than 20 dwellings are to provide a mix of dwellings consistent with the following percentage mix:

(a) Studio: 5 - 10%;

(b) 1 bedroom: 10 – 30%

(c) 2 bedroom: 40 – 75%; and

(d) 3+ bedroom: 10 - 100%

4.2.5.3 Development on busy roads and active frontages

The following provisions apply to, sensitive uses on sites that are to have an active frontage as shown on the Active frontages map, or sites with a frontage to a busy road that carries more than 20,000 vehicles a day. Sensitive uses include:

(1) buildings for residential use (including mixed use buildings);

(2) places of public worship;

(3) hospitals; and

(4) educational establishments or childcare centres

communal open space

50% of floor area

Noted

Proposed 60% of total dwelling units will achieve natural cross ventilation while meeting the building requirements.

Proposed Building dwelling ratio:

Studio: 3 (11.11%)

1 bedroom: 3 (11.11%)

2 bedroom: 18 (66.67%)

3 bedroom: 3 (11.11)

Proposed New proposed building will have an full active retail frontage along Broadway.

GIS mapping project Commute modes change Greater Sydney

Thisproject aims to use Arcmap, a Geographic Information System (GIS) to map out and analyse topics of interest.

I have chosen to study the change of usage of the top 3 popular commuting modes in Sydney, driving, taking trains and buses.

Extracting data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), top 3 commuting modes in Statistical Areas Level 1 (SA1) are identified which are cars, trains and buses. Data from census 2011 and 2016 are used to show the change. The number of commuters are converted into percentage and processed and presented in Arcmap. Areas in red and blue indicate increasing and decreasing respectively while white means non-comparable due to the change of areas defined.

The result shows that the proportion of car commuters decrease in most of the areas in Greater Sydney, especially in the inner-city. Train commuters increased in all statistical areas in Greater Sydney and rapid increases are

found also in the inner-city. For bus commuters, there are certain decrease near CDB areas and outer Sydney in ar north and south-west but experience increase in most of the other areas.

To conclude, the increase in train commuters is much greater than cars and bus commuters. This can be explained by rapid development near many train stations and the strengthened train network and new train lines. The worsen traffic especially in the inner-city might explain the reduced usage of buses in certain areas. Reaching the maximum capacity can also be another explanation of the comparatively lower proportion of bus commuters. Overall the percentage of car commuters has decrease however it does not indicate a reduce the number of car commuters in general.

Percentage change of Car Commuters among all commute trips between 2011 and 2016 in Greater Sydney

Percentage change of Bus Commuters among all commute trips between 2011 and 2016 in Greater Sydney

Percentage change of Train Commuters among all commute trips between 2011 and 2016 in Greater Sydney

Percentage Change of Train Commutors