Site visits week 9
on site concrete advantages: easy to control the shape; no transportation issues, disadvantages: time wasting, weather issue as if the temperature is very important. poured into specifi c forms and wait for it to cool down, then apply them on to the structure
Stair structure: The width and the length of the stair structure should be detailing before the construction
Light Steel frame: Galvanized steel formed into steel studs The dimension of the room is established by these steel frame, fastened at the top and bottom May be zinc coated in the future to prevent oxidation and corrosion. Allows to span over a longer distance than wood, wind resistant and earthquake loads Energy efficient
Light steel window frame Can hold heavier window and more stable High in strength to weight ratio Galvanized steel resists rust and corrosion Bolts, screws and welds resist wind Efficient Easy to assemble Reduction in site labour Cleaner building sites Outstanding design flexibility and quality of finishes
Shearing wall Lateral forces from exterior wall, floors and roofs to the ground foundation Maintain the shape of the construction and prevent the rotation at the joints
Insulation & water pipe Need to be covered
Knowledge map week 9 construction detailing •
detailing: have ideas of the construction of buildings => decide how materials will be put together =>
1. • • • 2. • • 3. • • 4. • • 5. • • 6. • • •
movement joints: minor, causing cracking compressed as installed elongated health and safety stairs safety: regulation on width and height is suitable for people to walk on material selection: fire-resistance materials aging gracefully water damage, choose right material for the environment: harder materials for harsh environment repairable surfaces pasteboard: inexpensive material, easily repaint able, kitchen cardboard: toe resist: hide the marks, use metal angle to protect the table corners cleanable surface particular places: restaurants need easy clean, shining surface, and avoid corner's dust celling- tile: structure can be hidden & damage can not easily noticed construct ability details should be easy to assemble: sizes & handling & offsite or onsites forgiving: small inaccurate => possible to adjusted effectively tools and labour and costly
composite material • •
monolithic material: single material OR combined so that components are indistinguishable composite materials: two or more materials combined => materials remain easily distinguishable
composite formed from: • combination of materials which differ in composition or form • remain bonded together • retain their identities and properties • ac together to provide improved specific or synergistic characteristics • e.g fibrous, laminar, hybrid, particulate composite materials- fibre reinforced cement (FRC) • made from cellulose/ glass fibers, portland cement, sand & water • FC sheet and shaped products such as pipes, roof tiles etc • common use: cladding for exterior or interior: walls, floor panels • benefits: not burn, resistant to permanent water termite damage, reasonably inexpensive composite materials- fibreglass • made from a mixture of glass fibres and epoxy resins • flat and profiled sheet products and shaped products
• •
common use: transparent or translucent roof and wall cladding. e.g water tanks, baths, swimming pools etc benefits: fire resistant, weatherproof, light weight and strong
composite materials- aluminum sheet composite • made from aluminum and plastic • plastic core of phenolic resin lined with two external skins of thin aluminum sheet, can be curved • common used at feature cladding in interior and exterior applications • benefits: light weight, less expensive, weather resistant, unbreakable and shock resistant, thickness is same as glass, easy to replaced composite materials- timber • made from combination of solid timber, engineered timber, galvanized pressed steel • chords with galvanized steel or engineered board or plywood webs • common uses beams, floor joists and roof rafters and trusses • benefit: efficiently, cost effective, easy to install, easy to accommodate
Timber top and bottom chord Timber chord in the middle Fitting is gan nail Gan nail tusses
composite materials- fibre reinforced polymers • made from polymers with timber, glass or carbon fibres • decking & external cladding, beams, columns for public pedestrian bridges using glass or carbon fibres • benefit: high-strength FRP with glass or carbon fibre reinforcement. > strength to weight ratio than steel, • FRP corrosion-resistant columns: • •
rigid, slender, support axial compressive loads applied to the ends of the members – failures by Buckling think, short, failure by crushing loads loads loads
buckling L length Long column
r
1. Buckling: sudden lateral 侧面的 instability of a slender structural member induced by action of an axial load before the yield stress of the material is reached
2.Buckling will tend to occur about the weaker axis or in the direction of the least dimension in r
K=0.5
Both end fixed fixed K=0.5
types of movement: Types of movement
K=0.7
K=1
one end pinned
both ends pinned
one end free.one end
one end fixed
Properties
Expansion joints
Continuous, unobstructed slots constructed between two parts of a building/structure permitting thermal/ moisture expansion to occur without damage to either part
Isolation joints
Divide a large or geometrically complex structure into sections so that differential movement or settlement can occur between the parts
Control joints
K=2
Photo
concre te
Continuous grooves or separations formed in concrete ground slabs and concrete masonry walls to form a plane of weakness
Finish work • • • •
interior wall: cleanable, floors: durable;comfortable and safe to walk on exterior: waterproof consideration: acoustic qualities, fire resistance, thermal insulation surface finish: color texture, pattern, joins with other materials