2.0 Building Construction
Cyprus
Floor can be opened up into curiosity cabinets where instruments are stored
The Drum- A reinfocement steel bar mesh folds over a fiberglass mould which is then sprayed onupon with concrete. Vibrations from dancing shoes in this space reflect from the floating floor onto the concave walls which then disperse outwards to the city
Outward sound passes through one of the resonant chambers directing it into the roof chamber allowing for a unique quality of resonance and reverberation
Tower 6- Overview Compartment Drawing
An outdoor harp faces a parabolic curve which can be played upon. The parabola focuses sound into the neighbour tower.
Auditorioum stage and seating-Reinforced concrete-Porous to absorb more sound to decrease sound reverberation. This ties with the the inverted pyramid structures.
Reinforced concrete resonant chambers-Rainwater can collect here adding to the strength of the base and when sang into or played into the pitch and tone of the sound changes according to wtaer levels.
Reinforced concrete shells which are finished with sandstone.
Library atrium -shelving unit becomes oart of thesteel structure
Reinforced concrete funnels which amplify sound outwards
Reinforced concrete sound collectors which are bolted onto the steel structure canopy
Funnel-Reinforced concrete shell structure which is then finished with timber on the internal side.
Reinforced concrete shell structure which is then finished with greek mosaic tiles to increase the reflectivity and loudness of the sounds.
Composite outer frame structure made out of reinforced concrete, steel, dampers and tensile cab les. Inner concrete sheels are supported onto this
Circulation supported onto frame
Lift Shaft
Material Selection and Acoustic Perfomance Material selection as a type of instrument. Brick Reflective
Considerable Mass
Joints should be sealed
Low or little porosity
Joints should be sealed
Low or little porosity
Joints should be sealed
Low or little porosity
A convex surfac reflecting them
Building Materials Brick: Brick is a modular building block made out of clay. Owing to its considerable mass , brick attenuates airborne sound very well. Joints must be fully mortared or sealed. As there is little or no porosity and the material is rigid, there is little absorption .Consequently brick is good all frequency sound reflector.
Ceramic Tile Reflective
Thin
Ceramic Tile: A tile made out of non metalic material-most commonly used in kitchen and bathrooms.. Because it is thin and light it does not it does not add to the airbourne sound attenuation and because it is hard and rigid it provides no additional impact noise attenuation. Like any other hard and smooth surface it is a highly reflective material at all frequencies Concrete Reflective
Considerable Mass
Concrete: Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, stone and sand aggregates, and water cured into a high mass of superior compressive strength. Normal weight concrete is one of the best attenuators of airborne sound. Like any hard material concrtete easily accepts and transmits impacts sounds. Concrete provides no ab sorption and is a good sound reflector. There are however aerated concretes that are intentionally porous. These can provide some degree of absorption.
Glass Reflective
Thin
Low or little porosity
Reverberation
Reflective
Thin
Low or little porosity
Reverberation
Glass Almost totally reflective in the higher frequencies, glass resonates and through this mechanism absorbs sound in the lower frequencies. Metals Metal, in sheet form, is also used as a roofing material , as its surface i hard and tends to drum under impact. The metal sheet readily transmits the sound of rain and hail.
Metal
Plywood Plywood is innefective as a sound attenuator but can become when in combinatio with other materials. bsorecially detailed resonant aborbers made out of plywood are sometimes used to tune a space. At higher frequencies plywood sis used for all inrents and reflective.
Plywood Reflective at high frequency
Sound absorptive at low frequency
Thin
Transmits the sounds of the weather
Inclined piles to resist horizontal forces
Drawing indicating structural forces and material list
Vertical Forces-Compression
Horizontal Forces
Horizontal Forces
Horizontal Forces
Horizontal Forces
Horizontal Forces
Horizontal Forces
Horizontal Forces
Pile Cap
Ground
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Bracing allows for forces to move in tension
Level 4
Level 5
Reinforced Concrete Shell
First floor slab sits on reinforced concrete inverted pyramids
Steel cables are attached to the concrete structure by anchor bolts (rawl bolts) which expand once inserted into the slab
Detail of the frame structure
200
200
Reinforced steel rods have been inserted into the fiberglass moulds which are cast in situ to create these concrete shells. These bars are extended to tie to the next concrete column or floor slab
Piles work in friction with soil
Inclined Circular Piling
Paving on ground floor slab
Vertical Ciricular Piling
Dampers which flex with a piston in case of an earthquake or heavy wind
Steel Bars
Steel Bars
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Piling is used to resist horizontal forces
Strategic Drawing-Plan View of Piling
Inclined Piling is used to resist horizontal forces
Strategic Drawing-Plan View of Piling
Pile Cap
Pile Cap
Tie Beam
Tie Beam
Vertical Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Vertical Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Inclined Pile
Detail 1
Reinforced concrete clad with local sandstone which helps in absorbing part of the sound minimising echo and reverberation.
Reinforced concrete structure-200mm thickness/mass allows for sound insulation
Screed Reinforced concrete floor slab which has a timber plank finish Reinforced concrete shell cast in situ-steel reinforcement ties both horizontally and vertically
Reinforced concrete inverted pyramid which has been cast in situ.
Front view section drawing of the pile cap
Stirrups
Stirrups
Inclined Piling
Space of Percussion Dancing- where the architecture acts as a drum Detail 2
Harp Platform where the parabolic shape of the structure reflects sounds outwards to the city
Louvre system allows sound in and out
Reinforced concrete ring beam connects with reinforced concrete structure Hardwood-floating fllor to allow drum effect when danced upon-sound escapes outwards Timber battons Folding ladder allows access to the harp platform Timber beam
Reflective marble finish-allows to strengthen and reflect the sound of dancing feet
Connetion of timber beam with the outer concrete ring beam Reinforced concrete shell structure cast in situ Viewing platform into dancing space
Reinforced concrete column which connects to the cooncrete shell structure and becomes one of the primary frame grid structure which supports the inner spaces
Reinforced concrete shell structure cast in situ
To resist corrosion and decay this area should be caulked Anchor Bolt
Steel frame structure
Ball nodes
Reinforced concrete sound collectors
Anchor bolt joints of perspex panels onto the steel bar stucture
Tensile harp strings which link to the space below
Reinforced concrete slab
Harp tuning-tightening of strings
Steel brackets bolted onto the louvre steel bar and cncrete slab
Reinforced concrete connection with reinforced concrete ring beam of the outer structure
Mosaic finish to the reinforced concrete shell structure to increase loudness and wet acoustics for the art of poetic dueling of 'tsiatista'
Louvre window system made up of concrete panels which allow sound in and out
Reinforced concrete shell structure(cast in situ) which makes up the funnel shape
Parabolic shape finished with timber veneer reflects the outward sound into the space
Playful mountain seats lined with rubber acoustic panels creating a seating space
Outward sound from sound collectors funnelled into the spaces below
Shelving unit for books/recordings and instruments
Acoustic rubber paneling to create a quieter environment for the library
Reinforced concrete slab
Anchor Bolt
Reinforced concrete ring beam
Sound Tube Transparent plexiglass shell cladding
Detail 3 -Atrium library and Space of Poetic Dueling
Look at exploded structural frame drawing Detail A
Detail A- Structural Frame/Canopy Structure
Anchor bolt which ties the plexiglass sheets onto the vertical/horizontal steel frame bars
Reinforced concrete sound collector
Steel bar structural ball node where steel bars meet to create a reinforced triangulated structure
Steel bar frame structure
Transparent plexiglass shell cladding enclosure
Plexiglass shell cladding
Anchor bolt connection of sound collector with steel frame bar
Construction Sequence
Under Construction
1- Survey of the site and checks of the soil conditions are done
2- Clearance of the site and beginning of setting out the building-site is fenced for safety purposes
3-Setting out the building-marking out where the foundations should be inserted and the shape of the building is marked out on the ground
Construction Sequence
Four part mould made out of fiberglass which has been precast-this shows one side Reinforced steel bars
4-Steel piles drilled into the ground
5-Pile cap added on top of the steel piles. Formwork and reinforcenment is placed for the ground floor slab and concrete is poured into it
5-Pile cap added on top of the steel piles. Formwork and reinforcenment is placed for the ground floor slab and concrete is poured into it
Making the mould
A solid mould of the shape is created-timber
A negative of the mould is created -fiberglass. It is then transported to the site
Column Ring Beam
6-Scaffolding supports workers and the fiberglass moulds in place. The inverted pyramid structures are cast in situ
6-Scaffolding holds the fiberglass moulds of the concrete columns and ring beams together. Steel reinforcement bars are added into the moulds and concrete is poured. This forms the primary structure. This is done in consecutive phases.
Steel dampers-anchor bolted into concrete structure
7-Secondary Structure-steel dampers are anchor bolted into the reinforced concrete ring beams-bracing. The dampers allow for the structure to flex in case of an earthquake or strong winds
Construction Sequence
Section C
Plan Steel tensile cable cross bracing
1- x4 Section B
1- x2
1- x4
Elevation
8-Steel tensile cables provide for cross bracing . These have hooks and are rawl bolted into the concrete structure
Section A
9-An example of one of the spaces which will be cast in situ and attached onto the external frame structure. The sections show how the structure could be split up to make the moulds and then cast.
10-Moulds will be made out of fiberglass and repeated to create the overal structure
Construction Sequence
Part 1-x4
Part 2-x4
Part 3x2
11-Fiberglass moulds of the surface of the geometries are held up with scaffolding. The mould is then lined with a steel bar mesh wich is then sprayed upon with concrete. Each layer is allowed to set and then added upon to achieve the thickness of the wall.
12-Reinforcement bars within the concrete shells tie each piece together to create the whole structure. This is just one example of the construction process of the concrete shells. -Another would be creating a fiberglass mould and pouring concrete instead of spraying concrete -Creating a fiberglass mould which would be lined with a flexible steel bar mesh where upon one can place sandstone bricks upon. The gaps would then be sealed with a sandstone grain mortar.
13- The cast concrete shell structures are lifted onto the outer frame structure where the reinforced concrete floor slab is attached to the reinforced concrete ring beams. The extruded steel bars tie with the next steel bars.
Construction Sequence
14-The main big structures are added onto the frame and finishes of all the spaces are simultaneously done to save time and money