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ESS PROCE UAL MANU
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Jason Lin
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Universal Design1 for signage2 and wayfinding4 at UC Davis3
Jason Lin
6 BACKGROUND 8 Definitions 16 Needs 18 Audience 20 RESEARCH 22 Stakeholder 24 Primary 26 IDEO 31 Secondary 40 Findings 42 RESPONSE 44 Curation 44 Translation 46 Ideation 52 Final Proposal
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ND BACK 6
KGROUN
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Defining the project
Let’s all agree on some things...
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Universal Design1 for signage2 and wayfinding3 at UC Davis4
Universal design (often inclusive design) refers to broad-spectrum ideas meant to produce buildings, products and environments that are inherently accessible to older people, people without disabilities, and people with disabilities
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a
There is no “normal�
Whether it is age, race, height, weight, sight, hearing, taste, touch, or sound, there is an entire spectrum of abilities within every single person. To assume that all users are like ourselves is by definition, BAD DESIGN.
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b
Disability is not inherent
Disability is designed. Disability is CREATED when an individual interacts with some object or interface in real life and finds that they lack the ability to complete their intended task.
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Universal Design1 for signage2 and wayfinding3 at UC Davis4
Signage refers to the design or use of signs and symbols to communicate a message to a specific group, usually for the purpose of marketing or a kind of advocacy.
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Universal Design1 for signage2 and wayfinding3 at UC Davis4
Wayfinding refers to information systems that guide people through a physical environment and enhance their understanding and experience of the space.
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Universal Design1 for signage2 and wayfinding3 at UC Davis4
1 It’s huge. 2 It’s home to over 30,000 people 3 Some of those people are definitely disabled.
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What are the needs?
I’m not doing this just for fun.
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So, what’s the point?
The University of California, Davis, lacks consistent signage design and placement. This makes it confusing to navigate the space especially with many buildings that are unintuitive. For those with disabilities, this task becomes even harder. UC Davis needs a consistent design guideline for the signage placed across campus to accommodate those who may be disabled.
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Who is the audience?
I’m not the only one that cares.
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Who am I designing for?
By definition, universal design accounts for the needs of ALL. However, accounting for extreme cases helps design better solutions that encompass the needs of all students on campus. This may mean designing under the assumption that all students have combinations of visual impairments, physical impairment, and learning disabilities. A solution that can be used by this audience can no doubt be used by the “common� student.
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CH RESE 20
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EARCHR
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Stakeholder
JOSHUA HORI
Disability and Assistive Technology Specialist at the Student Disability Center
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“
Building labels have improved over the years, with signs appearing more visible outside each of the buildings. But once you get inside the building, room locations are not easily viewable by all. It would benefit ALL students to have more visible building signage. It’s not like those bare walls are pretty to look at…let’s fill those walls up with signage! I’m not sure why building labels are all a certain small size, but big letters would be easier to locate on a wall (most walls are bare anyways) and would also be more viewable by those with low vision, such as senior citizens.
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Primary Research
A review of signage currently on UC Davis
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IDEO Method Cards
Empathy Tools: HOW: Use tools like clouded glasses and weighted gloves to experience processes as though you yourself have the abilities of different users. WHY: This is an easy way to prompt an empathic understanding for users with disabilities or special conditions.
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A Day in the Deathstar I walked around the UC Davis social sciences building (known colloquially as the Deathstar) as if I were in a wheelchar. I found immense difficulty trying to reach any location at all. I realized that the building consisted of absolutely zero ramps. There was only one functional elevator in the entire building which restricted access completely to parts of the building. This experience also made me realize how frightening it may be to be handicapped on a second story in the midst of an emergency or fire. The only method of escape being a lone elevator.
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IDEO Method Cards
Error Analysis: HOW: List all the things that can go wrong when using a product and determine the various possible causes. WHY: This is a good way to understand how design features mitigate or contribute to inevitable human errors and other failures
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A Day in the Deathstar This experience also made me realize how frightening it may be to be handicapped on a second story in the midst of an emergency or fire. The only method of escape being a lone elevator. If “all things that can go wrong� were to go wrong, I can imagine many individuals being unable to find their classes, or being confused in a rush of people during an emeregency. Perhaps the most frustrating of all however, would be simply being unable to find or access a space due to a disability despite knowing which building the room is in.
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IDEO Method Cards
Historical Analysis: HOW:Compare features of an industry, organization, group, market segment, or practice through various stages of development WHY: This method helps to identify trends and cycles of product use and customer behavior and to project those patterns into the future.
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Secondary Research
Looking at historical precedents: Where else do signs need to be understood universally? Who else has done this before? Conducted secondary research on: • • • •
Airport wayfinding systems University signage guidelines UC Davis current signage guidelines ADA signage guidelines and requirements.
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ACRP Airport Wayfinding Guidelines Addresses increased use of common-use facilities in airport terminals, ADA requirements, the special needs of senior citizens (who represent an increasing proportion of travelers), and the needs of travelers arriving on airport via transit or people-mover systems.
source: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_ rpt_052.pdf
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Louisiana State University Their guidelines feature a “Design Rationale” on every single page in the margins to justify their decisions. They are incredibly specific and even list a message criteria which details how the copy on the sign itself has to be written. “Destination Hierarchy” is a really interesting concept especially in relation to disabled people. Where do they want to get to first? Finally, they have a system and wayfinding objective to explain the need.
source: http://www.lsu.edu/_ofs/files/LSU-WayfindingGuidelines.pdf
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UC Davis signage guidelines A guide from 2014 on how to implement different types of signage across the UC Davis campus. Many of the requirements given are vague and non-specific. For example, “The material of interior signs should be a color which is coordinated with the building interior” or “Berkeley should be used on traditional architectural styles; Futura should be used on modern architectural styles.”
source: http://dcm.ucdavis.edu/cdg/documents/2015/ vii-related-standards/uc-davis-sign-program-14.pdf
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ADA Signage and Wayfinding Guidelines Incredibly thorough overview of considerations that must be taken in order to design signage appropriately with differently abled people in mind. Addresses many different scenarios from how the door swings, to how far the characters on a room plate should be raised, how thick a sign can be, etc. So how is my project different?
source: https://segd.org/sites/default/files/ SEGD_2012_ADA_White_Paper_Update.pdf
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Findings + New Needs
Let’s narrow down my project... 1 There isn’t enough interior signage 2 There isn’t enough accommodation for people with low vision 3 There are too many options to choose from the signage requirement guidelines 4 There is NO consistent method out there for consistently placing directional signage (especially for interior) 5 UC Davis needs more specific, better designed guides for signage fabrication and placement.
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PONSE R
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Curation
The current ADA signage guidelines offer many different options in typefaces, color, material, measurement, etc. To be specific in my guide, I decided that I would have to choose which would be most appropriate for legibility, consistency, and UC Davis’ identity. Some guidelines specific to the state of California had to be addressed as well.
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Translation
The current ADA signage guidelines do not have a required set of rules for directional signage. Using their rules and guidelines for identification signage, I translated many of the rules to apply to directional signage as well. This meant requiring certain sizes and typefaces and requiring a certain size for pictograms and arrows as well as defining whether or not braille would be used.
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Ideation
If I were blind and in a wheelchair how would I find...
The issue with consistent placement of directional signage is that there is no consistent placement of walls within a building. In addition to creating rules as to where signs would go if they were to be placed on walls, I had to design a new system that would somehow (if one were in a wheelchair and blind) be consistently placed and assist in the wayfinding of the space.
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How can I create a consistent system if no building is the same?
I needed to find a way to consistently place directional cues within a building despite the fact that walls are constantly shifting. The use and integration of floors are a logical solution to this problem. Floors will be present in a building no matter what and could be used as a compenent in a larger wayfinding system.
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More Research
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Tactile Pavements
Tactile paving (also called truncated domes, detectable warnings, Tactile Ground Surface Indicators, detectable warning surfaces) is a system of textured ground surface indicator found on footpaths, stairs and train station platforms to assist pedestrians who are blind or visually impaired. You can often see these at subways.
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Thinking differently
Audio Cues
Whatever my solution was, I knew that I had to somehow accommodate people that are both visually and physically impairred. How might they be able to determine where to go? My interior signage system helped establish where to find class numbers, but this isn’t accessible to blind people. If you were blind and in a wheelchair, how would the sounds and feelings of wheeling over the tiles help guide the person? I designed four patterns that would create 4 distinct sounds when run over by something such as a wheelchair. 50
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BRAILLE
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS › Braille should be contracted Grade 2 Braille. › Use sentence case. › Braille should be domed. › Braille should be placed 3/8” below all other characters. › Braille is never multilined.
domed braille
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GRADE 2 BRAILLE ALPHABET
⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊ ⠚⠅⠇⠍⠝⠕⠏⠟⠗ ⠎⠞⠥⠧⠺⠭⠽⠵ a
b
j
k
s
t
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
u
v
w
x
y
z
⠠ ⠼ ⠠ ⠃ ⠕ = Bo ⠼ ⠉ ⠓ = 38 Number Follows
Capital Letter Follows
capitalize
+
b
+
o
=
Bo
#
+
c
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+
h
=
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TYPOGRAPHY
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS › Typeface: Fruitiger 55 › Only upper case characters › No italics or bold
ABCDEFG HIJKLMN OPQRSTU VWXYZ01 23456789 Frutiger 55
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FINISH AND CONTRAST
RAISED CHARACTER SIZE
SPACING
› The characters and background
› The characters should be 1” in
› The spacing between each
should have a non-glare finish.
height.
character should be at least 1/8”
› Characters should have a 70%
› The characters should be raised at
contrast in Light Reflectance
least 1/32” off the background.
› The spacing between multiple lines should be 0.5”
Value (LRV)
ROOM 2016 1=
LRV1 - LRV2
2=
LRV1
=
1”
1/2”
85 - 6
1/32”
85
LRV Contrast = 93%
LINE 1 LINE 2 1/8”
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LOCATION
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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS › Directional signage generally does not require strict placement guidelines due to the shifting and variable nature of walls within a building. › The following guidelines are considerations for very broad scenarios › A designer should be consulted upon placement of each directional sign.
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WALLS
CORNERS
ENTRANCE HANGING
› If the hall upon entrance is less
› If the walls are too far apart,
› If the ceilings are low enough,
than 48”, directional signage can
signage may be placed on the
be placed upon the walls.
wall near the two ends of a
› This signage should be 54” off the ground with the arrow as a raised character and braille directly underneath the directions.
signs may be hung to help with wayfinding.
corner to help direct which way
› This does not require braille or a
one should go.
raised pictogram.
› This should share the same
› This should be used in
characteristics as the wall signage.
conjunction with the tactile paving system.
Rooms 1–50
48”
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PATTERNS
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS › Patterns are colored with gold (PMS1235) › The patterns are raised 1/8” off the ground. › The edges are all rounded or domed to reduce tripping. › Each square is 12” long
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THE “GO” TILE
THE “PAUSE” TILE
THE “ELEVATOR” TILE
› This square pattern indicates a
› This square pattern indicates a
› Following these tiles will take
forward path. › The direction of the shorter end of the shape should point in the direction of lower class numbers.
large open space with a number of crossroads to choose from.
the person directly to the closest elevator.
› GO tiles will branch off from this tile.
› These may run alongside or independently of GO tiles.
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LOCATION
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS › The tiles should begin at the entrances and exits. › If the hallways are less than 72”, the tiles should be centered in the middle of the hallway. › If the hallway is larger than 72”, a designer should be consulted to make a decision if there should be two parallel paths of tiles running or not.
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GO tiles indicate a path with the shorter end pointing towards lower numbered rooms
ELEVATOR tiles indicate a path directly to the elevator
CROSS tiles indicate an alternative intersection
PAUSE tiles indicate an open area where many different paths may be taken
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Thank You