The Arts In between Engawas - Design Report By Jia Hui Lin

The Arts Inbetween Engawa Jia Hui Lin

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ABSTRACT Specific historical and industrial heritage of jute, jam and journalism from the 18th century makes Dundee a ‘City of Discovery’ of today. The city has become one of the most attractive cities in the UK, due to the opening of V&A Dundee. This new landmark was one important project of Dundee Waterfront Master plan, as this development has given it a new cultural vibe to celebrate the old.

Today, Dundee thrives on the progression in creative making skills passed down from industrial periods. Hence, the city was awarded the title ‘City of Design’ in 2014, UK’s first and only UNESCO City of Design. The overall purpose of understanding Dundee’s past and present is therefore to develop restoration area adjacent to town centre such as Roseangle, the chosen site to this subject. In order to explore how to bring the local culture into architectural and integrated design, identifying qualities and characteristics of each created space.

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Figure 1: V&A Dundee

In which leads to analysing the ‘Architecture of Health’, as how buildings are designed for well-being.

The ambition is to implement these factors to an certain extent could contribute to Dundee’s revived culture of art and making. By researching the specific contexts of the chosen site and a thorough study of important factors to preserve which will inspire the creative functions and qualities of each space. On that term, allowing the professionals to provide health and well-being services through the profession of art.

INTRODUCTION This design report documents the research that tackles with the design of a ‘Centre of Art and Well-being’, situated in Roseangle’s restoration area. The specific site comes with an existing building, was formerly a Church and Mission for Deaf. Therefore, the aim of this project is to integrate the ‘New’ with an ‘Old’ part of the existing building to re-establish its function and implying Dundee’s lost culture of industrial crafting skills. Integrate these factors, in order to form a community hub focusing on social inclusions and conversations. The manner of fusing the past and the present is through reusing the enduring structure of the church and its unique characteristics can contribute to qualities for the new centre.

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Figure 2: Roseangle Gallery

Introducing a modern architecture in parallel position to offer this community an integrative mental health and human services profession, as well as performing a conversation between the city’s heritage of creativity and possibilities the future Dundee offers as a UNESCO City of Design. This project believes in small district can contribute to the design development of city in an unique way to support people in needs through Architecture of Health. To encourage visitors explore the given space through art and craft services and experience how the environment can improve ones well-being.

CONTENTS

- Critical Reflection 5 - 01 Brief Development 7 - 02 Brief Space Development 15 - 03 Architectural Theories 19 - 04 Site Analysis 23 - 05 Site Options 31 - 06 Design Development 40 - 07 A Series of Rooms 53 - 08 Design Refinement 58 - The Arts Inbetween Engawas - Precedent Studies 69 - BTM - Creative Studio and Art Gallery 79 - Between Thinking and Making 84 - List of Figures 87 - Bibliography 91 4

CRITICAL REFLECTION Architecture has ascendancy to influence the society, in which and alter the identity of a place.

Transformation in dwelling is to change city and to reform society. An environment created by architecture can authorise the quality of a well-being society. This project aims to explore ideas in strict manners and principles which controls the outcome of spatial qualities, a friendly environment to enhance the ability of basic crafting, learning and communication. Therefore, this brief breaks down into ‘A Series of Rooms’ for their own unique uses, in order to construct a comfortable community, whether looking at it as multiple entities or as a whole.

The intention of this brief is to emphasise ‘Architecture of Health’, the relation between human well-being and building design. This can be approached through how ones behaviour can be controlled by optimising parameters such as temperature, light, air and a hint of nature. The evidence has suggested five ways leads to mental well-being established by scientists. When outlining a proposed architecture should always consider these rules to promote a healthier solution of living for occupants.

Connect with other people/Be physically active/Learn new skills /Give to others/Mindfulness Immediate treatments for mental health is often solved by medical treatment, and thus as friendly design home, neighbourhood environment is a long term solutions to improve the quality of life.

In this regard, Roman Architect Vitruvius Pollio identified three elements necessary for a well-designed building: ‘Firmitas’ is health, ‘Utilitas’ is comfort and ‘Venustas’ is for happiness. These three principles are both physically and spiritually approach for individuals being well, thus it must response to users need in prior.

Louis Kahn declared the process in making architecture is through a series of ‘The Space of Ideas’. He focus on constrains the relationship between indoor and outdoor rooms which conducive to a mediation environment. This concept helps him to breakdown each rooms in geometric orders, within the simplicity of his organisation, Kahn inspired to create a complex content by abstraction. His spatial arrangement is often follows having a large centre for serving and rooms for servant spaces, indicates distinct and logical circulation, achieved a comfortable and calm ‘society’.

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Tadao Ando is the master of being simplicity of perfection, which is heavily inspired by Japanese culture. The essence of simplicity enhances users to focus on their physical and spiritual experience in relation to natural environment, this is practiced through geometry and materiality. He values the analysis of the site contexts to construct a cosmic masterpiece, as he uses thick walls in architecture to form an individual’s own Cosmo to exclude the state of entropy in the society. Ando aims to discover the central point of the site in which dwellers orientates themselves in the world.

Peter Zumthor looks at architecture with a poetic quality, his works are elegantly designed with light to embrace and materials to sense. In this regard, he often described his architecture as a thin membrane of human being, the tangibility, smell or the temperature are the unique characteristics varies from architecture to architecture. It is important to integrate architecture with its site contexts, as if architecture is a kind of covering for man, it should be able to naturally unite with surrounding landscape for an individuals comfortable being.

Le Corbusier described architecture as a machine for living which creates order in life. His modernism architecture designs are living cameras, for observing the landscape as he believes that the source of inestimable benefit must be grasped and choose the best of the whole. In another word, Corbusier presents nature without integrating architecture, however, using architecture as a frame to capture the desired scene as a background painting. Although, this ideology often makes a site becomes placelessness but it is still a powerful move and adaptable for the right purpose.

The gathering of these architecture inspirations, this architecture focus on how to blur the ‘Thick Line’ between internal and external spaces. All spaces will be designed in respect to individuals desire interaction with other, for example, learning artistic and crafty piece with other occupants in a group or planting vegetations in the garden. This is introduces a basic form of social inclusion which then allows the conversations to occur. The fundamental rule of this design process is to consider how could inform occupants that these spaces are safe for them to engage with another, especially in the consultation rooms. Therefore, an interlude space should be considered, a room that is absence in particular purpose other than for individuals to feel ready in this new community hub.

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Since Roseangle is off the central city centre, the surrounding environment will effectively avoid tourists. However, Roseangle is part of the Conservation Area, it could attract a certain attention from anyone who are interests in history. Therefore, the purpose with this newly proposed Art Therapy Centre is to change the stereotype of an institutionalised well-being centre, as well as to bring Dundee’s art and design associated culture for this area.

The proposal has derived from the principle of Labyrinth and Engawa, these is fundamental features for regulating the circulations of the overall building. The chosen site is at the lower end of Roseangle, the surroundings contexts provides a wide view towards the Firth of Tay. The purpose of employing Engawa feature is to re-create vistas inside the building like all Roseangle lanes does, they are ever-changing frames for views throughout seasons.

The appearance of the building from Roseangle Road will be presented in the form of old and new.

The traditional sandstone brick façade blend with the rest of the buildings on the street while the new extensions performs itself in a friendly manner. In a short distance, this community centre mimics Perth Road’s shop front buildings, as it is introduced by the public café and art gallery to inform the intention of social inclusion with rest of the area without a limitation. The architecture is created where health, comfort and happiness can be achieved and maintained.

01 BRIEF DEVELOPMENT 1.1 Conceptual Development In regards to the given ‘Well-being’ brief, I focused on exploring how to create a hub that is healthy, comfortable and for visitors to lives on happiness. From the study of Dundee’s industrial past to UNESCO ‘City of Design’, I understand that there are many potentials this city holds. Yet, there are plenty of planning towards waterfront area, for the world to embrace Dundee’s reinstate culture for economic through innovative Architecture and Design, just like when it used to be the main trading port for business.

To implement this idea with the project, my intention was to introduce Art and Design into one of the most condensed residential area in Dundee. For one, allows the society to understand that Dundee cultures were built from small industries to big business trading, to step back a little to appreciate what small areas can contribute. Secondly, the goal of this well-being centre was approached to offer an integrative method - Art Therapy, these services enriches the lives of individuals through active art-making and creative process to heal.

A conceptual idea was developed in the design process. I describe this architecture piece as a labyrinth, for each individuals to experience an unique journey according to different activities they participated in each spaces. During this journey, they are able to socialise, interact, communicate and walk through their occurring issues alongside with created environment and the combination with nature can leads them to the light.

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1.2 Conceptual Design Theory

Mental health is a tough journey to experience. Because, people can’t see it, therefore, they don’t get it. Depression?

It’s only a phase. Anxiety? It’s all in your head. Therapist?

Unecessary.

These are serious problems that are often hidden, results in people not receiving support to access services, The World Health Organisation defines mental health as ‘a state of well-being’, Therefore, proposing a Health and Well-being Centre offers a great opportunity for people who needs support, in order to prevent a series of significant impact, as it can give rise to serious physical problems.

Figure 3: Illustration of Mental Health in Relation to Labyrinth

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Nurturing Our Connection with Nature

Nature and health well-being are inseparable. A friendly environment built on a strong foundation of healthy and supportive relationships with people around us, they are the source of improvements for well-being.

Interdependence with nature, is important to taste, hear, feel, smell and see, one should be able to sense surroundings physically and spiritually, noticing the changes in season.

Nature is a fundamental element for human, for living, extremely beneficial for mental health, allows people to reconnect with the society.

Figure 4: Illustration of Social Inclusion, Magdalen Garden

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Inside The Labyrinth, Not The Maze

Labyrinth is an ancient method aids modern stress. A pattern of pathways, waves in a circle lead the direction into a central point. A labyrinth can be considered as a journey and a destination, it is calming mechanism to slow the pace in mind as walking through the path.

It is most certainly not a maze multiple dead ends in the journey and not necessarily leads to the centre, presents no sense of ones serenity.

Labyrinths can be used in public parks, houses of worship and medical centres. Hospitals and health care facilities have walk-able labyrinths as part of their landscape design, offer a chance to engage with surrounding nature.

Figure 5: Illustion of Maze

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Use of Labyrinth

Before Entering: Consider a contemplative question in mind before starting the journey While Walking: Follow the path, concentrate on your steps, put everything else behind.

Reaching to the Centre: Eyes closed, deep breaths and seek for the current feelings, then walk through it Walking Back: Bring to mind again the contemplative question, wonder if there is a way to solve the question

Figure 6: Illustration of Labyrinth

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1.4 To Achieve

1.3 Developed Brief The project aims to construct a micro society, demonstrating the importance of social relation in architecture can influence health and well-being. The initial concept in the design process will be focused on introducing a series of rooms that radial around a central point, where people can be happy in order to connect with others and form a Cosmo of their own.

Decision making in preservation of the existing church building for protecting the continuation of facade rhythm at Roseangle. Meanwhile, part of the existing wall structures are retained to avoid any potential damages.

Its surrounding contexts brings sufficient light sources from all directions without disturbance. Thus, the building will be focusing on how to draw appropriate amount of lighting into each spaces in respond to their purposes.

Behind the existing church, the wide context of green is exposed, which will be explored with consideration of the brief.

The notion is to blur the line between architecture and nature, and bringing the two entities as a whole.

“For architecture, the argument for context, for redefining the architectural object as a constituent of a wider milieu, has meant rethinking the building’s engagement with its material and spatial surroundings, whether built or unbuilt.”

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Integration

Exclusion Figure 7: Social Inclusion

Social Inclusion It is an important ‘determinant of health’, people are more likely to be happier and healthier when felt their presence in the community.

The proposal must encourage social inclusion within this community, where their roles are valued and actively involved in activities based on their personal preference. Allow each individuals to have social relationships with whom they chose and able communicate through shared interests.

Nutrition

Mindfulness

Community

Active

Learn Figure 8: Healthy Liftstyle

Five Ways To Health This community must be proposed through these five points to feel happier and healthier.

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1.6 Building Occupancy

1.5 Schedule Accommondation

A re a m 2

Core Accommodat io n C afe/ Ar t Galler y/ Creative S t ud io / 4 Fitness S tudios/ Multi-pur p o s e Ro o m / M editation/ 4 Consultatio n Ro o m s / Seminar Room/ Of f ices/ M eet in g Ro o m / S taf f Room/ Kitc hen Additional Accommod a t io n 2 Cour t yards/ F lex ible Wa it in g Area / Recycling Poin t

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Occupancy Load Factor

Occupancy Capacity

Cafe Art Gallery

155 140

1 5

155 28

Creative Studio Multi-use Room

105 235

5 0.5

21 470

Meditation

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1

25

Consultation Rooms Seminar Room Office Meeting Room Staff Room Kitchen Total

30 92 57 15 54 47

6 1 10 1 1 7

5 92 10 15 54 7 872

1.7 Occupant

OCCUPANTS

Public

Semi-Public

Private

Visitors Members Artists

Members Staff

Members Staffs

Meditation Multi-purpose Studios Cafe Kitchen

Consultation Seminar Room Offices Staff Room

Staff

SPACES

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Courtyards Walkways Cafe Welcome Area Art Gallery

2.1 Art Gallery

Figure 9: Glucksman Gallery

Figure 10: House of Illustration

O’Donnell + Tuomey

Witherford Waston Mann Architects

Figure 11: Strange and Familiar Witherford Waston Mann Architects

Figure 12: Yoga Garden & Art Gallery Brno / RO_AR Szymon Rozwalka architects

02 BRIEF SPACE DEVELOPMENT Key Spaces: - Art Gallery - Creative Studios - Consulation Rooms - Engawa Walkway

Factors to Consider: Overviewing Platform Toplit Light/Skylight Viewing Frame Natural North Light Seatings Exposed Structures 15

2.2 Creative Studios

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2.3 Consulation Rooms

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 17

Figure 18

Figure 15

Figure 16

Figure 19

Figure 20

Factors to Consider:

Factors to Consider:

High Ceilings Exposed Structures Acoustic Separation from Quiet Space South and North Light Seatings Warm Materials and Softer Colour Scheme

Wide Window Views Acoustic Separation from Loud Space South and North Light Seats with Nature Warm Materials and Softer Colour Scheme

2.4 Engawa Walkway

Figure 21: Wright Guest House Cutler Anderson Architects

Figure 22: Engawa House BLOXAS

Figure 23: Slatted wood encloses glass Enga-

Figure 24: An elongated market in Niigata

wa House in Chile

Factors to Consider: Wide Glazing Frames Outdoor Nature Well Lit Skylight South and North Light Seating and Viewing Warm Materials Hard Structures 17

03 ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES Louis Kahn Tadao Ando Peter Zumthor ..

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3.1 ‘Society of Room’ - Louis Kahn

Architecture can provoke strong emotions and experiences just like poems. Louis Kahn talks about buildings as societies of rooms, architecture comes from the making of a room. Kahn researched the essence of a building is by meeting the most basic human desires that are demanded in creation. He believed this is the only natural way of developing a fully functioned room.

Figure 25: Making of A Room, Louis Kahn

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Kahn elaborated this concept in his designs, “The room is the beginning of architecture. It is the place of the mind. You in the room with its dimensions, its structure, its light respond to its character, its spiritual aura, recognizing that whatever the human proposes and makes becomes a life”, as he stated. This can be understand as the room is a place inhabited by the mind, to self-reflect.

3.2Arhcitecture and Nature - Tadao Ando

Ando’s ideology rooted in the idea should be conceived his buildings almost as Land Art. Ando aims to discover the arcane beauty of a place, enriching the sense of Genius Loci for each unique site. This is an investigation of the significance of physical experience in architecture in response to nature and site.

He referenced his oeuvre of Japanese Shinta as a method to maintain a consistent balance between architecture and nature. Shintai is not passive but a sacred body of Cosmos, as Ando wrote this, “the body articulates the world. At the same time, the body is articulated by the world.”

His architectural language formed a physical and spiritual journey as a means for passengers to engage with nature through his buildings

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Figure 26: Ando, 2004, The Oval at Benesse Art Museum Naoshima, Japan

Figure 27: Ando, 1988, Church On The Water, Osaka

3. A bodily Mass - Peter Zumthor

‘A bodily mass, a membrane, a fabric, a kind of covering, cloth, velvet, silk’...’A body that can touch me ‘ - Peter Zumthor Zumthor tries to instills into materials, beyond the rules of composition, smell and acoustic qualities.

He believs that when one senses emerge, specific meanings of certain materials in the buildings can be perceived in only way by people in this one particular building.

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Figure 28: Zumthor, Brother Klaus Field Chapel, 2007 Wachendorf, Eifel, Germany

3.2 Thick Line

The site, from topography to light scale or the direction and strength of wind are a continuum with the building, modification occurs in each aspects. As Diana Balmori elucidated in her writing “Across the Divide: Between Nature and Culture”, illustrated a thick line exist in tactile spatial unit between the two entities. A thick line symbolised a painted stroke that is wide and varied intensity, just like the circle drawn by a Zen Buddhist. The integration in the technique of the brush stroke from visible to invisible, is an analogy to Balmori used to described the segregation threatened by the modern movement. In another perspective, it is a type of art that emerge the two entities as a whole, therefore the transition becomes a natural phenomenon in the construction of architecture.

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Figure 29: Thick Line

04 SITE ANALYSIS 4.1 Dundee

Dundee city was best known as the City of Jute, the industries was rapid in growth as well as declination. In recent years, Dundee has resurrect its history and become the UNESCO City of Design with the attraction from the landmark of the V&A museum at the waterfront. It sit on the south faced slope, opening up a panoramic view towards Firth of Tay and the landscape of Fife. This is an opportunity to begin its re-branding journey for the world to recognise the city again, as if the history has brought the trading business back to this dock.

Figure 30: King William IV docks, Dundee

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Figure 31: City Plan Of Dundee

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Figure 71: Dundee Maps

4.2 Background 1800s Dundee city established itself as the most important east coast trading port, Industrial Revolution caused rapid expansion of population as people moved from rural areas for work. The economy was rised and succeed as it was the centre of global jute industry and it was traded at King William IV dock, along with the Earl Grey, Camperdown and Victoria Docks.

1900s Population rise lead to the issue of housing workers, in which resulted in overcrowded buildings in the town planning today at Roseangle. Additionally, extensive development of the waterfront area started to cope with increased demand for port capacity.

Wate r f ront Tradi ng D oc ks

2000s Traditional industry fell into decline due to reduced demand in jute products. However, its industry heritage can still be found in the Hawkhill area where most of the architecture kept its distinct topography. The city began to regenerate a £1 billion master-plan to reinvent itself as a cultural centre through the reconnection between Waterfront and the city centre.

2021 The V&A Dundee, 2018– the first branch of the V&A to operate outside of London – is the main centre piece of the waterfront project. Railway Tunnel strengthening works are completed in 2007, bringing the visitors in and cultures out to the world. Slessors Garden was opened in 2016 which encouraged city to become more green and environmental friendly. Waterfront Place is currently under construction next to the V&A, this identifies the creation of new landscaped public realm area and intended to improve provision for walking, cycling and buses from the effect of cars and parking.

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R ose angl e P re - deve l opm e nt

D u nde e Wate r f ront M aste rpl an

4.3Contexts in the City

HISTORY HERITAGE CAMPERDOWN WORKS COX”SSTACK VERDANT WORKS OLD TAY WORKS JUTE MILL KING WILLIAM IV DOCK HAWKHILL INDUSTRIES

CONTEMPORARY ART ASSOCIATES

Figure 32: City Plan Of Dundee

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4.4 Conservation Areas in Dundee

While the waterfront master plans are constructing to pursue a future of innovative designs. Dundee City Council decides 17 parts of the City that are worthy of protection for their special character as Conservation Areas. These areas needs to be preserved for their special architectural or historic interest, in order to ensure the future management of theses areas.

Baxter Park Blackness Broughty Ferry Dundee Central Crescents Forthill Broughty Ferry Grove Law Terraces Lochee

Figure 33: Industrial Revolution

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Logie Maryfield Reres Hill Trottick University West End Lanes West End Suburbs West Ferry

4.5 Roseangle

Figure 35: Typologies In Architecture

SOCIAL INCLUSION Perth Road is most participated area in this particular district since 1800s. It is rather condensed environment which was designed by David Neave, due to inadequate accommodation provided for workers among these industries in the city.

Five Cafes on the main artery, two associates itselves with local cultures and art in their market strategy to attract society. It is an act of advocation for this precious part of the city, in which the most influential for students in comparison to town centre. Therefore, the brief is intended to focus on the already existed ‘idea’ of being part of the awarded title and transform into a real space for creativity and artistic aspects through art therapy for young people and provide a comfortably free environment.

Figure 34: Perth Road + Roseangle

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4.6 West End Lanes Conservation Area

Roseangel is part of the West End Lane Conservation Area, Its first industry was Agriculture, small farm lands maintained and formed by the Serfs. Following the rapid growth in industries, these workers needed places to live, which results in the drastic change in urban fabric of Roseangle.

Overtime, this area was covered with multiple tenements blocks beside Mills, their decorated chimneys is way to define Dundee’s industrial skyline. As the economy increased, a lot merchants become wealthier, these people tends to move out from the industry central towards Broughty Ferry and Strathmartine to live in a less polluted areas.

Figure 36: Serial Vision of Roseangle, 2018

1793

1846 Figure 37: Deforestation

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2020

4.7 West End Lanes Conservation Area

Urban Interface Roseangle district has an unique urban fabric dynamic, through its intriguing forms. Its layout follows the use of each streets, which is organised by the main arteries such as Perth Road and Roseangle.

The typography evolved in the order of the industrial language of Hawkhill, to the focal townscape of Perth Road, to a more dense and individualised small blocks down at Roseangle. In between the two streets, there are many accessible lanes introduced interfaces, in which defines characteristic of the district showing a more frequent connectivity.

Figure 38: Urban Interface

Continuation and Preservation Rich history becomes the continuation of any new proposed buildings to fit in the contexts. Whether its the brickwork for tenement flats or traditional pitched roofs displaying the large gable ends in the change of scales. The New includes the Old in consideration which is the rhythm of local cultural contexts. Both Perth Road and Roseangle follows strict rules to preserve the past, such as the window features are still remain to be single glazed.

Figure 39: Continuation and Preservation

Vegetation

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Roseangle displays an intimate scale of residence relation, in a similar approach to Edinburgh Royal Mile formation of compact windings and closes. These windings allows to divide the lands into more intimate distance, each building boundaries are outlined by green spaces and vegetations, whether its private or public, the district becomes more environmental friendly. Larger scale of vegetations are mainly located at the Southern direction.

Figure 40: Vegetation

Figure 41: Site Location of 2 Options

05 SITE OPTIONS The intimacy environment towards the South side of this district attracted me to these two sites.

1. Westfield Lane: An existing land opened up a view-port of Landscape to the surrounding residences

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2. Roseangle: An existing Dundee Church for Deaf, a support centre for its members and a place for worship in religion

5.2 Westfield Lane PROS

CONS

- Multi access points

- Limited solar gain

- High intimacy and sanctuary

- Tight distances of building

- Wide boundary of nature

- Narrow accessible lanes

- Dense surrounding neighbourhood

- Large scale of trees to preserve

- Hidden and quiet

- Restricted building height

- Adjacent to local nursery

- Potential overshadows by existing buildings

- Adjacent to Townscape Perth Road

- Restricted to only linear spacial arrangement

- Intervention forms interface in the context

- Too centralised in the neighbourhood

Figure 42: Site Analysis of Westfield Lane

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5.3 Roseangle PROS

CONS

- Located on the main street

- Restricted on developing the existing church

- Appropriate intimacy level

- Retaining walls

- Wide boundary of nature and play- - Existing character ground - Dense surrounding neighbourhood

- Extreme level changes

- Excellent solar gain and no overshadows

- Restricted building height

- Adjacent to local nursery

- Not the main focal point in the contexts

- Level changes

- Wide existing unexploited contexts

- Multi access from Perth Road Figure 43: Site Analysis of Roseangle

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5.4 Approach to the Site

Lanes 1. Seafield Road 2. Westfield Lane 3. Westfield Place 4. Greenfield Place

Figure 44: Site Analysis of Lanes

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Roads Roseangle is a very condensed area filled with tenement blocks. The boundary showed in the map, these are the fewer roads for vehicle access stemmed from Perth Road. It seems design to be a quieter living area, less cars as these distance are more suitable walking.

Figure 44: Site Analysis of Road

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5.5 More People to Walk More According to urban design consultant, Jan Gehl, human are biologically designed to walk, its easy, efficient and enjoyable. Walking is a vital component of urban life, a basic but essential form of mobility.

Pedestrian scale is fundamental phrase in urban planning, people must need to be able to experience the city or any public area on foot. The current changes due to Covid-19, walking becomes an essential type of transportation.

Roseangle can be seen as the most walking friendly area of Dundee City. The living population is made up by local families, small business keeper and students in particular, its a short walking distance towards the University of Dundee.

There are two main road for vehicle transportation: Perth Road consists of cafés and restaurant which connects from the city centre, can be fairly busy during the days.

Roseangle Road consists mainly for living and gardens, few public buildings such as Nursery and Churches.

The lanes connected from Perth Road in a strict manner which gives easy access to the bottom of Roseangle, so block to blocks of tenements becomes more permeable.

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Figure 45: Section Streetscape in Perspective Westfield Lane

5.6 Existing BuildingSection 5.6 Regional Longitudinal

Figure 46: Longitudinal Section West

Figure 47: Longitudinal Section East

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5.5 Existing Building Plans

5.6 Existing Builing Elevations

Figure 49: Elevations

Figure 48: Floor Plans

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Dashed line is an indication of the core of existing building which is considered to be the most worthy for preservation. Therefore, the new design propose will be evolve around the central base of the existing building.

5.7 Existing Building Characteristics

5.8 Street Materialsof Conservation Area

The materials used for streets, roads and pavements are varied in the Conservation Area as the historic development was taking place overtime. A number of streets retained granite stone sett surfaces which ranges in colours that enhances the characteristic within the Conservation Area.

- Sandstone Brick Wall (Main Building)

- Iron Railings - Recessed Doorway

- Grey Brick wall (Side Wing)

However, some buildings are reinstated in an unsympathetic manner, evidenced in modern surface layer overtake on the stone setts along certain roads.

- Visible Level Drop

- Traditional Slate Roof

- Steep Slope

- Stone Rubble Wall

Figure 50-52: Exitsing Condition Photos

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Figure 53: Conceptual Materiality Diagram

06 Design Development 6.1 Design Iteration

A simple concept of a iterative design process was carried out for the desired outcomes. This method is extremely beneficial for acknowledging the occurring problems and being able to resolve them in an easy and rapid way. During this iterative study, it offers a wide range of explorations for this proposal enable the process to move forward intellectually.

Conceptual key moves were quickly identified in order to create a list of strategies, reflecting on the reasons to propose a series of rooms whether to look at them individually or as one entity. These design decisions were explored through the studies of design theories and combined with some influences in personal interests.

The main method of study for the design development was by doing iterative physical sketches, crafting physical models, computer generated drawing, computer generated 3D model, for a neatly presented project proposal.

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6.1 Maggie Centre and Landscape Labyrinth

Maggie Centre Dundee was Frank Gehry’s first building in the United Kingdom, situated near Ninewells Hospital. The building was designed for daycare cancer recover centre, Gehry’s post-modern style architecture was also continued for this piece.

The centre is on built on a domestic scale, with its metal roof and timber structures which was inspired by traditional Scottish Highland dwellings. The combination of landscape makes this design more therapeutic than the physical process.

Figure 54: Landscape Labyrinth Facing Maggie Centre, Dundee

Gehry employed landscape art of labyrinth as a method of mind recovery, labyrinth as a hint of landscape is very commonly used.

This is inspired the key concept of the well-being proposal, the following will be analysed.

Figure 55: Landscape Labyrinth Facing Ninewell, Dundee

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6.2 Japanese Engawa

In designing of this community hub, the first focus was focused on how to regulate the circulation, in order to consider the arrangement of spaces in a manner of a “series of room”.

The source of influence was a traditional Japanese architecture element, Engawa. Its recognised as non-tatami-matted flooring, usually runs on the outside, around the premetre of the building, which is resemble as a sheltered porch.

This element works as a main circulation from room to room, the ancient translucent paper shōji are used as storm shutters. Modern architecture employs Engawa in an enclosed form with sheet glass to allow building remain open/close in the rain or sun, without getting too wet or hot, and allows flexible ventilation and sightlines.

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Figure 56: Veranda-like engawa with people for scale

6.2 Louis Marteau, The Dympna Centre, London

Louis Marteau was the founder of The Dympna Centre in London, after he obtained diploma in Mental Health. Art as therapy was introduced, it become officially recognised as a method for recovery.

“The process of art therapy is based on the recognition that man’s most fundamental thoughts and feelings derive from the unconscious, reach expression in images rather than words.”

- Naumberg.M

The idea of Art Therapy Centre is naturally included into the development for Dundee’s City of Design. The manner is art can be directly used, not merely for diagnose but integrated to be more interactive and considered to be a dynamic therapy.

Drawings and painting indicates earliest form of childhood, therefore, its logical that therapy in the style of art has very real position in its field.

To introduce a well-being centre focused on Art Therapy set a new beginning of City’s development.

“We experience it [a dream] predominantly in visual images; feelings may be present too, and thoughts interwoven in it as well; the other senses may also experience something, but nonetheless it is predominantly a question of images.

Part of the difficulty of giving an account of dreams is due to our having translated these images into words. “I could draw it”, a dreamer often says to us, “but don’t know how to say it.”

- Freud. S 43

Figure 57: The Power of Art

6.3 De-institutionlising the Institution

“… The health of a society can be diagnosed from the state of its prisons. Today, in physical form as well as in rules governing the conduct of occupants, the prison has become a model for schools, housing projects, and commercial buildings designed for security and custody.”

Figure 58: Exposed Timber Structures Maggie Centre Newcastle

- Robert Sommer An institutionalised well-being can often make people become less connected to the “outside world”. This category of buildings gave unpleasant stereotype in the society, by the use of convinent but dull materials to create rooms for patients.

Materiality should be a main concern. Their selection range should be variable to an appropriate extent, should not be easily and distinctly observedas ‘Mental Health Architecture’.

Figure 59: Exposed Timber Structures Maggie Centre Manchester

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6.4 Sketch Design Stage I

Figure 60: The Art in Plan

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Figure 61: Sketch Design I

Figure 79: Sketch of a Journey through the courtyard

The first design sketch was focused on creating a centralised courtyard and rooms distribution circulates around the courtyard within the building. Following from that, this idea was developed to form multiple outdoor garden space to encourage an interaction with the given environment. At this stage, the overall design was very vague other than the fact of potentials in outdoor spaces due to its open contexts for views and light.

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6.5 Sketch Design Stage II

This layout is organised in the manner of old and new, quiet and loud. The new extended building was considered to be attached to the existing church, to form a connection physically. The schedule of accommodation was divided into public and private in order to identifies the rules for the this layout.

This is centralised organisation arrangement, advantage in presenting a clean set of floor plans.

Level 0 - New/Old/Loud/Public This floor is for ground level entry from roseangle, it introduces a series of open plan rooms for interactive or any sports activities. Over viewing the three distributed outdoor gardens from all side of the building.

Level 1 - New/Quiet/ Public Art gallery was considered to be extended on to the level in the new building, advantage in having sufficient north light through out the day.

Level -1 - New/Old/Quiet/Private All sorts of private consultations, conference and offices goes to the lower level. The characteristics of the functions is in common, to provide a calm and comfortable space to slow down the rhythm in comparision to the upper levels.

Figure 62: Sketch Design II

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6.6 Sketch Design Stage III

At stage III, the focus was to figure out the arrangements for the larger scaled spaces and it circulation. This organisation is lacking of successful air ventilations, as the hallway on Level 0 is facing towards South - East, this would not work under some weather condition to provide sufficient ventilation through studio or workshop.

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Figure 63: Skect Design III

Figure 80: Phyical Model of Sketch Design III

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UTODESK STUDENT VERSION

6.6 Sketch Design Stage IV

Welcome Area Cafe

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Gallery Courtyar Courtyard Common Area

Changing Gallery

Art Workshop

Welcome Area Reception

Gift Shop

Gallery

Cafe

Gallery

Staff Office

Meeting Room

Staff Room

Courtyard Courtyard

Courtyard Common Area

Changing Gallery

Bathroom

Art Workshop

Waiting

Group Consultation Kitchen Dinning

Multiuse Studio

Semina

Multiuse Studio Seminar Consultation

LEVEL -1

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Cafe Gallery Gallery

LEVEL 1

Cafe

Gift Shop

Reception Gallery

Figure 64: Skect Design IV

One interesting move of this chosen design is the Art Gallery on Level 1 is a viewing platform, it opens to the Art Workshop on Level 0 so visitors can have a preview of the source of those exhibited art pieces and the process behind the scene.

This gallery will only display works that are produces by the participants inside this centre, to introduce a new method of therapy.

Cafe

Cafe

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

LEVEL 0

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK

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The design chosen to take forward has Art Workshop and Multi-use Studio facing south. An Art Gallery works as an adhesive component to connect the existing with the new.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Figure 77: Section of Sketch Design IV

Long section taken through the Creative Studio and Art Gagllery showing the level changes and initial ideas of structures.

51 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

LEVEL -1

Roof Plan

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LEVEL 0

LEVEL 1

Figure 65: Phyical Model of Sketch Design IV

07 A Series Of Rooms Art Gallery Welcome Corner Creative Studio Fitness STuido

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Art Gallery

Figure 66: Conceptual Collage of Art Gallery

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Welcome Corner

Figure 67: Conceptual Collage of Welcome Corner

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Creative Studio

Figure 68: Conceptual Collage of Creative Studio

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Fitness Studio

Figure 69: Conceptual Collage of Fitness Studio

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08 Design Refinement Floor Plans

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Refined Floor Plan

Figure 70: Floor Plan Level 1

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Refined Floor Plan

Figure 71: Floor Plan Level 0

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Refined Floor Plan

Figure 72: Floor Plan Level -1

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Figure 73: Sketch of South Facade

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Refined Floor Plan

Figure 74: Refined South Elevation

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Contextual Longitudinal Section 1:200

Figure 75: Existing Building/Central Courtyard/ Multi-use Studio

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Refined Series of Rooms

Figure 76: Engawa Hallway

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Refined Series of Rooms

Figure 77: Consultation Room

66

Refined Series of Rooms

Figure 78: Interlude Room

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Refined Series of Rooms

Figure 112: Creative Studio

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The Arts Intween Engawa Precedent Studies

69

Medinat Guest House, Washington 1993 James Cutler

Figure 81

Figure 82

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Figure 83

To Take Forward: Combonation of Materials

Wright Guest House, Washington 1988 James Cutler To Take Forward: Hallway + L - Shaped Wall

Figure 84

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Figure 85

Figure 86

Engawa House, Austrilia 2013 Black Line One X Architecture Studio To Take Forward: Engawa Walkway + Courtyard

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Figure 87

Figure 88

Figure 89

Figure 90

Figure 91

Campus EDF, Paris ECDM

Figure 92

Figure 93

To Take Forward: Wooden Facade + Courtyard 73

East Calder Partneship Centre, Edinburgh, 2018 Collective Architecture To Take Forward: Contrast In Materiality

Figure 94

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Figure 95

Maggie Centre, Dundee, 2003 Frank Gehry To Take Forward: Complex Roof Structure

Figure 96

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Figure 97

Figure 98

Park View, Dundee, 2016 Page/Park To Take Forward: Old and New Juxtaposition

Figure 100

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Figure 101

Figure 102

Thistle Centre, Edinburgh, 2016 3D Reid To Take Forward: Timber Facade + Glazing Louvre

Figure 103

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Figure 104

Engawa House, Chile, 2020 Santiago Valdivieso + Stefano Rolla To Take Forward: Engawa

Figure 105

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Figure 106

BTM - Creative Studio + Art Gallery

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TEXTURED CONCRETE

PINE GLULAM

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BIRCH WOOD

Larch

Figure 107

81

Figure 108

82

Figure 109

83

Figure 110

Between Thinking and Making ‘Drawing to Find out’

Treptow crematorium, germany, 1999

By Axel schulz architect Groupwork Completely by Clemie Joanna Jia Hui

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Figure 111: Treptow Crematorium 85

Contact

Jia Hui Lin University of Dundee jhlin@dundee.ac.uk jessica_lin924@outlook.com

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Tutor Neil Cruickshank Year Head Neil Cruickshank Technology Consultant James Robertson

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: V&A, Dundee. [online image]. Available at: https://dundeeculture.com/ [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 2: Roseangle Gallery, Dundee. [online image]. Available at: https://www.dundeeartsociety.co.uk/history-of-art-society [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 3: Illustration of Mental Health in Relation to Labyrinth [Author’s own] Figure 4: Illustration of Social Inclusion, Magdalen Garden [Author’s own] Figure 5: Illustion of Maze [Author’s own] Figure6: Illustration of Labyrinth [Aurthor’s own] Figure 7: Social Inclusion [Aurthor’s own] Figure 8: Healthy Lifestyle [Aurthor’s own] Figure 9: O’Donnell + Tuomey. Glucksman Gallery [online image]. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/795443/ad-classics-glucksman-gallery-cork-ireland-odonnell-tuomey?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_projects [accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 10: Witherford Waston Mann Architects. House of Illustration, London. [online image]. Available at: http://www.wwmarchitects.co.uk/projects/house-of-illustration [accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 11: Witherford Waston Mann Architects. Strange and Familiar. [online image] Available at: http://www.wwmarchitects.co.uk/projects/strange-and-familiar [accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 12: Brno / RO_AR Szymon Rozwalka architects. Yoga Garden & Art Gallery. [online image]. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/962838/yoga-garden-and-art-gallery-brno-ro-ar-szymon-rozwalka-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects [accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 13: Peter Moor. AZH Training Centre. [online image]. Available at: https://afasiaarchzine.com/2017/10/peter-moor-2/peter-moor-azh-training-centre-buchs-6/ [accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure14: Design Milk. [online image]. Available at: https://design-milk.com/vitsoe-finds-new-offices-for-hq-and-production-in-royal-leamington-spa/ [accesed on: 28/06/2021] FIgure: 15: Peter Moor. AZH Training Centre. [online image]. Available at: https://afasiaarchzine.com/2017/10/peter-moor-2/peter-moor-azh-training-centre-buchs-6/ [accessed on]: 28/06/2021] Figure 16: Scandinavia Meets Japan in These Minimalist work Spaces. [online image] Available at: http://www.home-designing.com/scandinavia-meets-japan-in-these-minimalist-work-spaces [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 17: Consultation Room. [online image]. Available at: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/18858892180469558/ [accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 18: Consultation Room. [online image]. Available at: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/548735535854768802/ accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 19: Consultation Room. [online image]. Available at: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/65583738308270672/ accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 20: Consultation Room. [online image]. Available at: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/6473993206348145/ accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 21: Cutler. Wright Guest House, Washington, 1988. [online image]. Available at: https://www.cutler-anderson.com/wright-guest-house [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 22: BLOXAS. Engawa House, London. [online image]. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/479234/engawa-house-bloxas [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 23: Slatted wood encloses glass Engawa House in Chile. [online image]. Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2020/10/23/engawa-house-santiago-valdivieso-stefano-chilerolla/ [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 24: An elongated market in Niigata. [online image]. Available at: https://www.spoon-tamago.com/2016/03/28/an-elongated-market-in-niigata-inspired-by-the-engawa/ [accessed on: 28/06/2021] 87

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 25: Making of A Room, Louis Kahn. [online image]. Available at: http://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/themakingofaroom/catalogue/section4.htm [accessed at 28/06/2021] Figure 26: Ando. 2004, The Oval at Benesse Art Museum Naoshima, Japan. [online image]. Available at: http://360photography.in/archives/24196 [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 27: Ando. Church On The Water, Osaka, 1988. [online image]. Available at: https://www.cobosocial.com/dossiers/tadao-ando-the-challenge-of-dreamy-youth/ [accessed on: 28/06/2021] Figure 28: Zumthor,.Brother Klaus Field Chapel, 2007. Wachendorf, Eifel, Germany. [online image]. Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2009/04/18/key-projects-by-peter-zumthor/ [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 29: Thick Line. [Author’s own] Figure 30: King William IV Docks, Dundee. [online image]. Available at: leisureandculturedundee.com/photopolis/dundee-harbour-and-docks-13 [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 31: City Plan of Dundee [Author’s own] Figure 32: City Plan of Dundee [Author’s own] Figure 33: Industrial Revolution [Author’s own] Figure 34: Location Plan of Roseangle [Author’s own] Figure 35: Typologies Development [Author’s own] Figure 36: Serial Vision of Roseangle, 2018. [Author’s own] Figure 37: Deforestation [Author’s own] Figure 38: Urban Interface [Author’s own] Figure 39: Continuation and Preservation [Author’s own] Figure 40: Vegetation [Author’s own] Figure 41: Site Analysis of Westfield Lane [Author’s own] Figure 42: Site Analysis of Roseangle [Author’s own] Figure 43: Site Analysis of Lanes [Author’s own] Figure 44: Site Analysis of Road [Author’s own] Figure 45: Section Streetscape in Perspectibe, Westfiled Lane. [Author’s own] Figure 46: Longitudinal Section West [Author’s own] Figure 47: Longitudinal Section East [Author’s own] Figure 48: Existing Floor Plans [Author’s own] Figure 49: Existing Elevations [Author’s own] Figure 50-52: Existing Condition Photos [accessed on 29/06/2021] Figure 53: Conceptual Materiality Diagram [Author’s own] Figure 54: Landscape Labyrinth Facing Maggie Centre, Dundee. [Author’s own] Figure 55: Landscape Labyrinth Facing Ninewells, Dundee. [Author’s own] 88

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 56: Veranda like Engawa with people for scale. [online image]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engawa [accessed on 29/06/2021] Figure 57: The Power of Art. [onine image]. Available at: https://impressionsdgtl.com/color-meaning-in-art-therapy/ [accessed on 29/06/2021] Figure 58: Exposed Timber Structures Maggie Centre Newcastle. [online image]. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/415127/maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan-studio/520a46e6e8e44e80d100005a-maggie-s-newcastle-cullinan-studio-photo [accessed on 29/06/2021] Figure 59: Exposed Timber Structures Maggie Centre Manchester. [online image]. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/786370/maggies-cancer-centre-manchester-foster-plus-partners/59775182b22e38d07f0003f5-maggies-cancer-centre-manchester-foster-plus-partners-photo?next_project=no [accessed on 29/06/2021] Figure 60: The Art in the Plan [Author’s own] Figure 61: Sketch Design I [Author’s own] Figure 62: Sketch Design II [Author’s own] Figure 63: Sketch Design III [Author’s own] Figure 64: Sketch Design IV [Author’s own] Figure 65: Section of Sketch Design IV [Author’s own] Figure 66: Conceptual Collage of Art Gallery [Author’s own] Figure 67: Conceptual Collage of Welcome Corner [Author’s own] Figure 68: Conceptual Collage of Creative Studio [Author’s own] Figure 69: Conceptual Collage of Fitness Studio [Author’s own] Figure 70: Floor Plan Level 1 [Author’s own] Figure 71: Dundee Maps Figure 72: Floor Plan Level -1 [Author’s own] Figure 73: Sketch of South Façade [Author’s own] Figure 74: Refined South Elevation[Author’s own] Figure 75: Existing Building/Central Courtyard/Multi-use Studio[Author’s own] Figure 76: Engawa Hallway [Author’s own] Figure 77: Consultation Room [Author’s own] Figure 78: Interior Room [Author’s own] Figure 79: Sketch of a Journey through courtyard [Author’s own] Figure 80: Physical Model of Sketch Design III [Author’s own] Figure 81-83: Culter. Medinat Guest House, Washington 1993. [online image]. Available at: https://www.cutler-anderson.com/wright-guest-house [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 84-86: Culter. Wright Guest House, Washington 1988. [online image]. Available at: https://www.cutler-anderson.com/wright-guest-house [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 87-91: Black Line One X Architecture Studio. Engawa House, Austrilia 2013. [online image]. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/479234/engawa-house-bloxas [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 92-93: Campus EDF, Paris. [online image]. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/197321/campus-edf-ecdm [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 94-95: Collective Architecture. East Calder Partneship Centre, Edinburgh, 2018. [online image]. Available at: https://www.davidnarro.co.uk/projects/east-calder-partnership-centre/ [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 96-98: Gehry. Maggie Centre, Dundee, 2003. [Author’s own] 89

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 100- 102: Page/Park. Park View, Dundee, 2016. https://pagepark.co.uk/project/architecture/parkview/ [Author’s own] Figure 103-104: 3D Reid. Thistle Centre, Edinburgh, 2016. [online image]. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/791717/thistle-3dreid [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 105-106: Valdivieso and Rolla. Engawa House, Chile, 2020. [online image]. Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2020/10/23/engawa-house-santiago-valdivieso-stefano-chilerolla/ [accessed on 28/06/2021] Figure 107: Columns and Beams [Author’s own] Figure 108: Floors [Author’s own] Figure 109: Walls [Author’s own] Figure110: Composit[Author’s own] Figure 111: Treptow Cremotorium [Author’s own] Figure 112: Creative STudio [Author’s own]

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Bibliography: Arthur Ross Gallery. ‘The Room is Thee Place of The Mind’. In Louis I. Kahn: The Making of a Room. [accessed on: 28/06/2021] http://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/themakingofaroom/catalogue/section4. htm Gehl, Jan. “Planning Cities on the Human Scale”. [accessed on: 28/06/2021] https://parcitypatory.org/2020/06/19/jan-gehl-human-scale/

Marteau, Loui. “An Introduction to the Use of Art as a Therapeutic Technique”. In Art as Therapy. Edited By Tessa Dalley. London: Tavistock Publications. 1984. Pp. 209 Freud,S. (1962). Part II: Dreams. In New Introductory Lectures in Psychoanalysis, vol.

15. London: Hogarth Press.

Irene Bloomfield. “Dympna Centre: Memories and Reflections”. [accessed on: 28/06/2021] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13520806.1991.11758698?journalCode=yprt19 The Naumberg, M. (1958). Art Therapy: Its Scope and Function. In E. F. Hammer (ed.)

Clinical Applications of Projective Drawings. Springfi eld lII.: C. C. Thomas.

Balmori, Diana. “Across the Divide: Between Nature and Culture”, Groundwork: Between Landscape and Architecture, edited by Joel Sanders, Diana Balmori, p.35. The Monacelli Press, New York, 2011.

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