Journal Process 5 by Linda Feng

Design Studio AIR University of Melbourne 2012

Linda Feng 380911

Content Part I: EOI

I.1 Case for Innovation I.1.1 Architecture as a Discourse I.1.2 Computing in Architecture I.1.3 Parametric Modelling I.1.4 Case for Innovation conclusion I.2 Research Project I.2.1 Scope of possibilities I.2.1.1 Input/Association/Output Matrix I.2.1.2 Reverse-Engineered case study I.2.1.3. Material Effects I.2.1.4. Assembly Methods I.2.2. Research Project Conclusion I.3. Expression of Interest Conclusion: Competitive Advantage I.4. Learning Objectives and Outcomes: Interim

Part II: Project Proposal

II.1. Project Interpretation II.2. Project Delivery II.3. Project Presentation II.4. Project Proposal Conclusion

Part III: Learning Objectives and Outcomes: Final III.1. Personal Background and Learning Objectives III.2. Learning Progress III.3. Learning Outcomes III.4. Future Work

Advancing ts, itec Arch thor d i u d by a a Ha Zah ograph t o Ph

XI MAX

eum

Mus

Architectural Discourse

The MAXXI museum in Italy, by the Zaha Hadid Architects is a modern museum, a creation of 20th century. The design and construction process took ten years, the creation incorporates the urban environment into an effective geometric form that speaks for itself and nourishes the spirit of Rome. The museum “aims to intensify the internal differentiation and cohesionwithin an architectural design as well as the design’s external continuities within given urban contexts”. Patrik Schumacher Zaha explains the design process of developing a built environment. “We explore a range of solutions from the primary gesture through the use of digital tools within the overall creative process. Numerous, Often overlapping data sources are used for our work and these must be assembled and centralized, formalized and integrated, into a cogent whole. On projects of this scale and complexity, accuracy is as crucial as flexibility and speed because 3D data is a critical component of project execution.”

The design process which Hadid briefly explains gives insight into the system of paths which the design process follows. Much like Kalay’s Architecture’s New Media, it follows a similar system of process, paradigms, and methods. The process: “Exploring a range of solutions” - problem investigation, blend of solutions, evaluation, and communication. Paradigms: “overlapping data” – thus, to solve, recreate solutions, combinations of parts to create a new satisfying answer. Methods: “3D data” – Specific technology to create a unique solution, exploring the limits and range of possibilities of method. The museum creates a form of architectural discourse; no longer in the conventional cell structure found in common buildings. The fluidity encourage movement within. Like a three dimensional maze, the museum connects not only between floors but also in a fluid flow between levels. The concept of this building focused on the play of walls, an important and essential part of art display. By incorporating parametricism, Zaha Hadid Architects created complex geometry to ‘embed’ the design into the environment. Maxxi Museum becomes the local ‘Roman piazza’ for social interations; no longer just a museum, but part of the ‘urbanism of Rome’ (Zaha Hadid 2011) The notion of the museum directly relates to the design brief from Wyndham Council, the design become the ‘central thread connecting people and place’, linking the web of communities and drivers in short distance of Wyndham City.

Ive heard about “Tangled, intertwined, it seems to be a city, or rather a fragment of a city.” Roche seeks to form non-forms of interwoven geometries derived from impulses of human occupation.

‘Ive heard about’ by R&Sie, is a habitable organism, self-reproducing, autopoietic system, grows and adapts to its inhabitants. Francois Roche imagines a programmable construction engine – the Viab, improvises as it assembles the structure (walls, cables, pipes etc.) The Viab produces according to the needs and desires of the dwellers. “Its inhabitants are immunized because they are both vectors and protectors of this complexity.”

I’ve hear about complies with the three developmental stage of ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’ by Richard Williams (2005). It is the combination of architectural development through history. Architecture as art: the digital design of the project certainly appears as a sculpture form of bio-mimicry. Abstract and creative, it associates itself as Architecture as a Sign: a symbol of the future, a unique idea that signifies and introduces a new form of social interaction and living style. Architecture as an Urban Experience: certainly the notion of a selfconstructed structure, which creates itself accordingly to habitants’ needs is not just an urban experience, it is the experience of future possibilities.

New territories< rsie@new-territories.com>, 2005, I’ve heard about, Webblog post, Viewed 14th March 2012, <http://www.new-territories.com/I%27veheardabout.htm

The architectural discourse of incoporating nature into the designs has been discussed, put on trial and carried out in reality. But none has exploit notion of self constructing building. (An idea which will put architects out of their jobs). Roche explores computer generated fabrications and applies to architecture. His idea originated from a robot ‘contour crafter’ invented by Behrokh Khoshnevis, much like a 3D printing system which produces wet cement from a nozzle and the programmable trowel levels the cement in position. Similar concept has been seen in nature; termite mounts are created from the molding of mud. Its form is shaped by the activities within, interdependent of the termites. His envision of the future presents a unique living style, social interaction and most indefinitely architectural style of nonforms. Once again, the innovative concept interlinks with the requirement of dialogue between sculpture and landscape. I’ve heard about combines nature into the design, creating a unique, exciting and ‘iconic figure’ that will attract and develop the municipality.

Herring Island Gallery

Herring Island Gallery proposal. Photograph by author Photo montage, Herring Island Gallery proposal

The design of Museum Space for Herring Island, creating a sense of discovery and anticipation. Its maze like plan is designed to create a sense of secrecy to stimulate by passersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; sense of curiosity and expectation. The design intent was to create a new form of interation socially and with the building itself. The notion of being â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;lostâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in a building contribution to architectural discourse , as it goes against the conventional designs to direct visitors to vertain locations or views within the building. Choice of material was rammed earth to integrating with the surround environment and sculptures to preserve and enrich cultural heritage. Both aims are precisely the aim of the design brief. Perserveing historical attractions, and emphasising the siginificance of nature. An encouragement of interaction and appreciation for nature.

Computational Design

WaterCube The Beijing National Aquatics Centre, inspired by the geometry of bubbles in soap leather, a symbol for water. The entire structure is formed of more than 4000 bubbles using transparent dual ETFE cushion envelope, a lightweight construction, achieving both aesthetics and function (thermal efficiency). In response to Chinese architectural culture, the design team incorporated the latest technologies and materials. Although the concept of soap leather is a simple idea, but the result is ambitious, creative and inventive.

“The ETFE (the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer) membrane insulates the Water Cube. This advanced membrane structure is formed by 3,065 bubble-like pneumatic cushions of all sizes. The National Aquatics Center becomes the first large-scale public project coated with the membrane, and it also has set up a new world record for its massive deployment.” The advanced technology of digital assembly of three thousand ‘bubbles’ could only have been done digitally. It is the convienience of using digital design, allowing infinite possbilities in design. It is this ability which will contribute in the Wydndham Gateway Design.

“The Watercube aesthetic is a pure expression of the design idea - a design which refects a form of water, responsive to its physical and urban setting, demonstrating principles of traditional Chinese architecture and embodying latest technologies and materiality. It is a result of crossfertilisation of ideas between cultures and between architectural and engineering disciplines. For this reason, this project is truly unique.” - Australian Institute of Architecture

Gehry’s Tower The nine story building clothed with stainless steel, with a twisted facade on the small property is eye catching at the corner of the block. The twist of the facade directs the view towards a nearby park. Gehry used digital modeling software to create the simple twisting in the facade to form a dialog with the surrounding environment. The simplicity of form empowers the building. It cleverly interacts with the setting and people, guiding the eyes to follow the line of curvature and verticality.

“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication” - Leonardo da vinci By employing the simple techniqui of curvature, the gateway design will be ‘eye catching’ and ‘engaging in form’.

“Simple, topologically invariant transformations, such as twisting and bending, are particularly effective means for creating alternative morphologies. For instance, Gehry’s Ustra Office Building in Hanover, Germany (1999), has a simple prismatic form, which twists in the direction of the nearby open park area.” - Architecture in the Digital Age (Kolarevic)

The Great Court

The Great Court - British Museum, designed by Foster and Partners, is a two acre court covered with glass roof – ‘the largest covered public space in Europe’ – the British Museum. Foster reveals as what they call ‘a cultural plaza’ through large glass roof design using similar computational technique to polygonal tessellation, using the surface extraction of a sphere, then subdivided into segments. In this case, due to irregular geometry in the roof perimeter, every 3,312 panes of glass are all unique in size, with 4,878 hollow rods and 1,566 connector nodes. All elements cut with Computer Numeric Control; a modern machinery tool interprets command files from CAD and CAM programs in order to process digital design. (Architecture in the Digital Age, Kolarevic) The uniquness, quite literally, in the geometry in the Great Court shows the diversity of modern architecture; the extent of technology and new concepts can create. Once again, the digital technique used allows mass production of unique shapes and sizes to form a roof, and a promising visual art component composed of smaller elementes to form an appealing gateway design.

Contemporary Scripting/programming

ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion The ICD and ITKE conducted a research pavilion in 2010, focuses on ‘material orientated computational design’. Using plywood strips the team researches the forces externally and internally and constructs the physical form of the pavilion accordingly. The research team conducted the researched based on the idea which ‘digital processes are rarely able to reflect these intricate relations’ meaning the digital designs and forces are rarely dealt as a single process. The research incoporates innovative ideas and production processes. The physical form relies upon the ‘behavior and material characteristics’. The lightweight building, constructed entirely of strips of plywood that are robotically produced. In this project, scripting was used to test the capabilities of materials in different forms; extent of bending, compression, tension etc. In this case, using scripting provided a much easier option as to dealing with large number of tests and data, allowing the process to be shortened dramatically. Some may argue that using scripting limits the desing creativity, but it can be a form of creativity. Scripting allows mass production of designs, condensing the entire process

“The research pavilion demonstrates an alternative approach to computational design: here, the computational generation of form is directly driven and informed by physical behavior and material characteristics.” - University of Stuttgart

“Material computes. Any material construct can be considered as resulting from a system of internal and external pressures and constraints. Its physical form is determined by these pressures. However, in architecture, digital design processes are rarely able to reflect these intricate relations.”

using only a fraction of what would be without digital aid. This, itself, is a form of creativity. The new form of design process and exploration into limitations and opporunities. Quantity and quality. The design philosophy was to overcome the limits of digital designs. To incoporate materiality into the digital design process compared to the common situation of being two seperate processes. The exploration of combining materials into digital design is daring and reflective in design processes. In tutorials where explorations of material is encouraged during research stage, through various testing on variety of materials will contribute in material effects and overall sense of design.

Case for innovation conclusion The research process has listed a number of innovative projects, in which carries across the design aim of the Gateway design. Maxxi museum and Ive heard about offer unique notions of living style and social interaction. Herring Island Gallery proposes cultural heritage and preserving the natural environment; all in support of the Wyndham Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new indentity: a cultural environment that welcomes all ages and encourages learning the local and national history of Australia. Computational and scripting examples are innovative in the methods used. Computation design explores the infinite possibilities; it is quicker and unlike conventional sketch designs. However, ICD pavilion searches path to overcome the limitation of digital designs by merging what could dealt as separate process of digital design and material exploration. This research pavilion cleverly uses both weakness and strength of material to construct a distinctive pavilion. These projects will assist in innovative explorations into the gateway design for Wyndham City. By selecting the exceptional ideas and concepts behind these projects and integrating the possibilities into our design solution for Wyndham Gateway.

research project

NATURE

Input/Association/Output Matrix

Rotation inspires motion in design, in addition to image sampler and surface normal forms soft delicate flows of lines and points which demonstrates abstract moving effect of driving on the Princes Freeway.

These matrix were produced using a combination of: Inputs - Boolean Patterning, Surface norrmals Associations - Image Sampler, Maths unctions, curve attractor, attractor point and streaming text files Outputs - Rotation, circle, shading and extrusion Before the experimentation of matrix begun, reflection upon the theme of nature lead to the idea and philosophy of part to whole. It began with the very basic form of nature: plants. From the invisible cells, formulating a physical stem which grows leafs and petals in repetition, generating a flower; it is the concept of parts to whole in architecture:

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Part is to part as part is to whole.â&#x20AC;? FLLW the interrelation between components which formulates the structure from the very foundation. From this origin, the design process experiments the extent in which seamless dots formulates a line, and lines formulates an image, shadow, light and motion from very simple adjustments in various combination of Input, Association and Outputs; embracing design aim. The entire process of discovery became what best represent the theme of nature, each individual exploration relates to Nature whether its in the repetition of lines, geometry or dots and curves.

The matric combinations were part of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;processâ&#x20AC;? (Kalay 2004): dicover the limitations and extents of digital parametric designs, selecting matric and grasshopper definitions which could be useful the next level of development, evaluating design process: what is good what is not good, taking what is good and further develop. By using digital designs enables the design process to explore an infinite number of possibilities, covering a large scope leaving only the best of these explorations. This seamless method of design process takes architectural design to the next level of opportunity and prospect. For the Wyndham Gateway design, it denotes the very best of outcomes from this boundless range of process, the design philosophy guides the design process to a meaningful and furfilling design that complies to the aims of Wyndam Ciity. Nature, being one of the most important aspects of the new city is the focus of the design. Parts to whole also directly relates to the development of the municipality; Wyndham city becomes a small part of a network of communities (Werribee, Hoppers Crossing, Point Cook, Wyndham Vale, Truganina and Tarneit), the gateway will become the physical connection of the part to whole community relation. Unlike any other designs, Wyndham will become the one and only city with a unique design of gateway that physically interrelates to the environmental settings, network of communities and a visual public art that catches the eyes of drivers. These combinations of associations will result in the which Wyndham City seeks.

HITOSHI ABE

AOBA-TEI case study

Aoba Tei Restaurant was chosen because of its innovative ideas and flexibility in using simple methods to achieve highly effective results in the built environment. Its context is similar to the requirements of Wyndham Gateway design, the necessity of collaboration and awareness between nature and man. the case study inspires innovative methods and using the given context to produce a cost effective, but a superior and classy built environment. A good design is one which is cost efficient, unique in concept, delievers requirements of clients and more. This is the aim for the gateway design.

INTENTION The Aoba Tei to recreate the characteristic natural environment of Sendai into the restaurant. The curvature form of perforated steel imitates the road side Zelkovas tree, and through innovative digital designs of perforation in the material, the backlit lighting projects the image of trees and produces a seamless ‘soft boundary surface’ which show the continuity from roadside landscape into interior space of Aoba Tei.

“our anchestors, forced to live in dark rooms, presently came to discover beauty in shadows, ultimately to guide shadows, heavy shadows against light shadows“ - Junichiro Tanizaki “In Praise of Shadow“ Hitoshi innovatively incorporated the traditional japanese architecture into the modern setting of Aoba Tei restaurant, using the features of progressive shadows and light from the transparency of rice paper in the traditional Japanese home.

“They limit light, reduce contrast, and have an earthy aroma” The transitional experience from dark to light in correspondance with funtionality of rooms. He cleverly uses modern materials and methods to manipulate light and shadow in an enclosed environment. His project suceeds in which he uses perforated steel and artificial lighting, materials and methods very much opposite to nature and used to frabricate the atmosphere of the Sendai landscape.

ASSEMBLY METHOD

- by using wrapping method of the choosen representative image through the entire curvature form - using CNC router - a standardized peforated hole size of 4mm, 6mm, 9mm with 15mm spacing

CONCEPT

“compressed shadow space transition”

Hitoshi innovatively incorporated the traditional japanese architecture into the modern setting of Aoba Tei restaurant, using the features of progressive shadows and light from the transparency of rice paper in the traditional Japanese home. “They limit light, reduce contrast, and have an earthy aroma” The transitional experience from dark to light in correspondance with funtionality of rooms. He cleverly uses modern materials and methods to manipulate light and shadow in an enclosed environment. His project suceeds in which he uses perforated steel and artificial lighting, materials and methods very much opposite to nature and used to frabricate the atmosphere of the Sendai landscape.

SCALE : 0.09

SCALE : 0.18

SCALE : 0.35

SCALE : 0.20

SCALE : 0.11

SCALE : 0.23

SCALE : 0.13

SCALE : 0.15

SCALE : 0.25

SCALE : 0.28

Further development Definition: SURFACE DIVISION + IMAGE SAMPLER + CIRCLE

SCALE : 0.04

SCALE : 0.15

SCALE : 0.20

SCALE : 0.06

SCALE : 0.08

SCALE : 0.10

Two selected paths were chosen from the first stage of design process. In further development, explorations in manipulation of: Scale - in Aoba Tei restaurant, the sizes of perforation holes are in set sizes. By varying in size of perforation can either reduce or enlarge light penetration in physical model. Image ‘resolution’ may become blurred (abstract) or clear. SCALE : 0.25

Contrast – by contrasting black and white, it is easier to identify the image and manipulation outcomes. Density – density of circles will intensity where shadows and darker areas are, or become overall loose and does not present the image used very clearly. Light and Shadow – circle sizes allow different amounts of light in, density also effect this. Shadows become the light, where light is the strongest shows the most vivid part of the image. The situation reverses as shown in the two tests. reverse use of white and black for light and dark in the image.

Selected definition, that best present the connection between integration of detail into a large picture and the design concept of Auba Tei. Integration of nature into the material environment with simple design but cleve way of achieving cheap, effective and fast production. The perforated form will become part of the setting along Princes Freeway. When it rains, the perforateion will allow a small amount of rainfall to pass through. Sounds will be minorly reduced from each side of the site as cars drives by. When sun shines through dark clounds, wil produce the best visual effect, a combination of light and shadow allows the design to be at the peak of its performance. It is at this point after rainfall, when vegetations are rehidrated, indication of growth and prosperity, beauty and senrinity are reflected through the design concept. Selected definition, that best present the connection between integration of detail into a large picture and the design concept of Auba Tei. Integration of nature into the material environment with simple design but clever way of achieving cheap, effective and fast production. The perforated form will become part of the setting long Princes Freeway. When it rains, the perforation will allow a small amount of rainfall to pass through. Sounds will be slightly reduced from each side of the site as cars drives by. When sun shines through dark clouds, will produce the best visual effect; a combination of light and shadow allows the design to be at the peak of its performance. It is at this point after rainfall best present the design. When vegetation is rehydrated, indication of growth and prosperity, beauty and serenity are reflected through the tranquility of the moment.

Reverse en

ngineering

ASSEMBLY METHODS

The Aoba Tei restaurant was welded onsite with specialised professional craftmanship. Craftman were able to deform the steel panels at key points by heating and chilling. The assembly methods of the model is similar to Aoba Tei restaurant. A thin framing element is used to permenantly prop the steel/cardboard into the desired curvature form; setting the wall in place. The steel walls were assembled from smaller segments; the model presented is at the scale of 1:5 to the steel panels. Perforated steel was precasted and assembled on site. Our model was laser cutted and assembled accordingly to the framming.

The tunnel vision of the design design under the moonlight. The blue creates a romanticised and clarity. A welcoming sign of the Wyndh

is intended to mimic the

d feel of the night, calmness

ham City.

Slight alterations were made for laser cutting, Minimal distance between each circles were set.

MATERIAL EFFECTS Restaurant Aoba Tei by Hitoshi Abe ‘establishes a visual dialogue’ between the characteristic landscapes of Sendai into the internal environment of the restaurant. This case study provides further architectural philosophy, exploring the boundary of relationship between nature and the materiality. What is materiality? What is nature? All material is a formed of nature in one way or another, then where does the line lie to separate the two? Thus leads to the experimentation of physical abilities of cardboard. It is stiff and rigid similar to perforated steel (materiality) used in Aoba Tei, and under submergence it softens, bends like wood (nature) over long period of environmental exposure. Our aim to produce an imitation of Aoba Tei restaurant but also to further explore the transition of space, which cardboard is used as a physical transition medium (distortion of materiality and nature) between the external and internal space. The perforation of material imitates and projects nature and the sensation of natural environment.

“Architecture’s materiality is therefore a composite one, made up of visible as well as invisible forces.” - Moussavi - The Function of Ornament (2006) Visible - the material, the fundamental structure which holds the design dogether Invisible - curcular voide allowing penetration of environmental effect: light, rain, wind. The visible and invisible becomes the “contemporary ornaments” itself.

ENGINEERING

MATERIAL TESTING

In process of fabrication, cardboard was tested. Naturally, the cardboard used is rigid and inflexible. Submerged, it became soft and bendable, where water came in contact; the surface became darker, more engaging. Cardboard was also tested with water paint and spray paint to achieve the same painted effect of Aoba Tei restaurant. Water paint, much like the effect of water, darkened the material. Silver spray paint gave a silky, reflective surface. Once dried, the cardboard became rigid once again, but more prone to bending. An interesting phenomenon occurred after the submergence of the cardboard, what was a single sheet of cardboard was able to the peeled into separate sheets. In the long run, if cardboard were to be constantly exposed to weather effects, it would quickly decay and disolve back into nature. Parts to whole, and whole to parts. Cardboard is an interesting testing material, can be used as a substitue of rigidness of steel, but the similar outcome of testing wood. It is a preliminary study of materials that could be used for final fabrication. Effective in preparation for building the gateway design.

CASE STUDY CONCLUSION

The two major attributes that were adopted into the fabrication are: - the concept: using nature and traditional context The idea is unique, as it incorporates the very nature of the environment into the material itself. Not only projecting impression of nature but physically altering material form corresponding to Zelkovas trees. - the method: digital fabrication, industrial production Aoba Tei restaurant is innovative in many aspects. Material choice is cheap and easily assembled; prefabrication allows time efficiency in construction of the building. The design will be cheap, time efficient, easily assembled, an inspirational visual public art, and abstract form of nature.

Effectively borrow the major advantageous methods that restaurant Aoba Tei consists and cultivated according to the aim of Wyndham City Gateway design. The production of the design will be cheap and quickly assembled on site. Using creative solution, the design uses perforation to produce a visual art along the Princes Freeway that will be eye catching and exciting. The variation in weather effects demonstrates the growth of Wyndham city and the awareness of environment and heritage associating with neighbouring suburbs and the city itself. The design will become a symbol of Wyndham city with unique form and approach to interaction and indicating the relationship with natural environment. Unlike any designs, our team uses seamless design process to produce the best design solution to the requirements of the City Council. From exploring in detail of case study, an inspiring project that reached the goals of cost efficiency, original solution to design aim, at the same time delivering a classy interior space for the restaurant. Our designs will incorporate all the respectable qualities to produce an even greater design for the Gateway project.

LETTER OF EXPRESSION OF INTEREST To the Wyndham City Council: As a representative of the Melbourne University Design Team, I am writing to express interest in the Western Gateway Design Project. Our team consists of qualified architects, with experience in many projects locally and internationally. We have a clear and concise vision and values within the team, with strong team background and experiences; the MUDT offers exceptional services and completes every project with absolute satisfaction from clients. Our design team offers the best solutions to design problems; it is our thoroughness that allures our customers. The Western Gateway Design is an opportunity to express and produce a work of art that represents the fast growing city of Wyndham City. To bring together the unique and wide range of features, symbolic of the Wyndham District; it is proposed that the design of the installation to be a symbolism of continuity and growth of the Wyndham City both physically but also in nature, history, social, and heritage. Our approach is a widespread, fully integrated process that guarantees successful results. According to every project, we complete a thorough research in every aspect of possibilities to the project; then narrowing down to the best paths to the final solutions. Our large team allows detailed research process, which enables us to have the best possible solutions to the final outcome. We provide technical expertise and flexibility within a cooperative atmosphere, and we complete project on time, within budget and essentially, a solution that is exactly the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements and objectives. Why choose the Melbourne University Design Team? Because we are experienced, focus on management and development. We offer unique approach and solutions to every design project. We deliver exceptional client services with honesty and truthfulness. We look forwards to assist in the development of the Wyndham City.

Expression of Interest Conclusion: Competitive Advantage The process and development of research has shown thoroughness in exploration in ideas, concepts, philosophy, material effects and possible outcomes. It is the learning and using these qualities into the design for Wyndham Gateway that will produce one of a kind design. The Wyndham Council seeks: abstract - in matrix exploration, grasshopper definitions produced motion in design, abstract moving effect of driving on the Princes Freeway. new identity - as a new, in development city, Wyndham City requires a new identity. The design will become the symbol and icon of Wyndham City with its use of digital design, the gateway will be an eye catching sculpture. Use of perforation directly interacts with the weather/natural environment. visual art - the interation between the design and environment is itself a piece of visual art, but more than that, it is visual art in motion, changing through time setting and audience. exciting - as the icon of the Wyndham City, not only will it evoke the excitement from drivers, but also become a piece of sculpture which visitors enjoy. The gateway will not only be indicative of cultural heritage but become part of the cultural heritage of the new municipality, The combination of research, digital exploration and case study, the design has complied with the design requirements in its own unique way.

Learning Objectives and Outcomes Developing numerous grasshopper definitions has certainly taught me at least the basics of parametric design. Learning the functions and understanding how grasshopper operates was not exactly straight forward, but through weekly tasks, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve developed the basic understanding of operation in grasshopper. Using digital aid in design has become one fo the key aspects of modern architecture, it will help with efficiency in design process, and extend the scope of development. However, what stood out the most which I found to be useful is the argument for design intent and exploration in knowledge of architectural philosophy. These two extremely important aspects of design will prove to be most useful in the future. Learning from projects and case study, critical reflection will further develop design argument and process. Seeing the positive and negative qualities in projects prove to be useful in learning and absorbing key ideas and concepts. Understanding architectural development through history give insight to why how modern architecture has become the competitive and challenging practice today.

Overall, the course has help in deeper understanding of architecture.