Linda Velika 120350562
Portfolio AP4 Stage 3 Session 2014/15
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Contents Learning Summary
Graduation Design Studio
Separate document
p. 5
Loose-Fit Urban Territories: Semester 1 : Thick thresholds/ Thin Limits
p. 6 - 27
Semester 2: Architecture as/of Territory
p. 28 - 61
Workshop series
p. 63 - 67
Charette
p. 68 - 69
Armstrong and Grainger
Industrial Farming
Thinking Through Making
The Unseen and the Unheard New Work Revised work
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Graduation Design Studio
Loose-Fit Urban Territories
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Elswick Layer Drawing, originally 1:10 000
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Semester 1
Grarmstrong A Characteristic Interplay between two Industrialists
My research began in Elswick – one of the areas that expanded Newcastle during Industrial revolution. The overall city has developed since then, but influence of two man is still visible. Richard Grainger, brief owner of Elswick Estate, still carries the name through his main architectural developments and William Armstrong – well known for his multiple inventions. By looking at their characters and architectural influence a small scale project is created to manage cities gardens - their only common interest.
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The brief asked to explore the idea of thick thresholds and thin limits, and how the zones between spaces operate to encourage and enhance alternative territorialisations. Within a particular territory of interest, it was important to find certain field of influence, occupation, atmosphere or intensity and develop appropriate way to represent this territory. The drawing foregrounds the intervention within a selected area of interest and takes a closer look at how this intervention shapes, negotiates the limits of the territory chosen. The programme and the scale and scope of the intervention depend on the patterns created in the initial stages.
Initially it was supposed to show reaction of chosen part of Newcastle, in this case, Elswick. Redrawing existing patterns of boundaries created by roads, railways in is possible to distinguish existing limits between different function within the territory. For example, historically the south part of Elswick used to have large industrial development, however, reduction of manufacturing in the area has created clear boundary where housing has yet to be found.
Original Layering Drawing 8
Territorial Response
Residential Elswick
Green Elswick
Industrial Elswick
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By taking closer look of historic personalities that have had influence within the area, it became apparent that the most prevalent was in mid-19th century when Newcastle experienced major development. At the time, Richard Grainger shaped the city centre and had major development plans for his new estate and William Armstrong was investing in new technologies and was searching for placement for his new factory. Their zones of influence were marked in the larger area and their overlapping became more distinct. Several gifts to St John’s church by Grainger helped to pinpoint the site for the initial tension between the characters.
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Character analysis Richard Grainger Builder, developer, enterpreneur Designer of Grainger Market Grainger Town Old Eldon Square Grey Street and Central Arcade Grainger Street Built Elswick Workhouse on Westgate Hill (Part of General Hospital) Houses on Railway Terrace Grainger Park area (mostly Grainger Park Road) Houses on Rye Hill Owned House on Higham Place Elswick Estate Elswick Hall Apartment in Clayton Street West Plot in St James’ Church’s Benwell Cemetery Ideas for Elswick Housing Elswick Church Railway station terminus in Elswick Elswick Zoo Elswick Riverside Industry Named Amelia Street Isabella Street Hannah Street Richard Street Joseph Street Matilda Street Theodosia Street Rachel Street Maria Street Benefactor of Elswick Cemetery (donated to St Johns’ Church) Waterloo Street public fountain
Sir William G.Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong Engineer, scientist, inventor, philantropist, businessman, lawyer Part of Lit and Phil society Royal Society Newcastle upon Tyne Royal Mining, Engineering and Industrial Exhibition in 1887 Owner of Whittle Dean Water Company Newcastle Cranage company W.G.Armstrong & Co factory Elswick works - hydrolic cranes and mining machinery - Ship building - Artillery Production went to Liverpool Edinburgh Grimsby Designer of Newcastle Swing bridge London Tower bridge Owned House in 9 Pleasant road in Shieldfield Jesmond dean Armstrong park (Jesmond dene) Armstrong Bridge Cragside near Rothbury Bamburgh Castle Benefactor of Hospital for Sick children The Royal Victoria Infirmary Prudehoe Memorial Convalescent Home Newcastle College of Physical Science (Newcastle University) Hancock (Great North) Museum
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By zooming in from the territorial exploration, the site was derived in the central point of tension. It can be found close to Lit&Phil library (where Armstrong proposed his inventions), by Grainger’s Street (where the most famous development made by Grainger can be found) and by St John’s the Baptist Church (the church Grainger was generous to). By marking existing green areas within city centre, it has become clear there is lack of green spaces in the central area. By looking into the characteristics and hobbies between the two personalities, their love for gardening (Armstrong and his wife had multiple gardens in North East and Grainger wanted to build botanical garden’s in Elswick) expanded into my main programme. Within the site chosen, a public garden was developed. This garden shows Armstrong’s imposition on Grainger (He bought part of Elswick Estate when Grainger bankrupted). The city centre garden network (in mustard) was created with the site being the head office of the scheme. Within this scheme there would be greenhouses placed around city centre to produce small amounts of food.
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Wider context
Panoramic view of the whole riverside
Connecting with the landscape far away
Links between the close by landmarks and highrises in the background
Building in the centre
Central building with connection to other location
Two buildings with different functions that overlap
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‘The Newcastle “Hostmen” were pre-industrial middlemen who invite colliers, tanners, farmers etc. from the city’s rural surroundings and merchants from the riverside into their homes in the city, acting as hosts and brokers for social, mercantile and monetary exchanges.‘ (Semester 1 brief) By reflecting on this idea my site includes a large garden space that is overlooked by the humble gardener (Grainger) and the flamboyant head office (Armstrong) controlling the overall network. The idea of overlooking is still visible The form for the main gardening space and circulation is made by transforming existing patterns of the territorial exploration.
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Site response
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Roof plan in 1:1000
Site in relation to the Grainger and Armstrong. Closeness to the food market is beneficial for selling grown crops and Armstrong’s office is close to the Lit and Phil.
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Grainger’s level 1:500
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-1 level concentrating on lower level garden and gardener’s flat 18
Armstrong’s level 1:500
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Street level concentrating on the office building in relation to the surroundings 19
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Axonometric view of the Greenhouse with the screens for indoor gardening. Looking at a light structure from steel that could be adapted and need for ventilation and sunlight. Adapted in relation to the sketch
Axonometric of the structure in a small storage space. Usage of simple timber frame that is cladded from outside. Made to protect from harsh weather change
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Partially exploded axonometric of the offive building
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Atmospheric perspective over garden overlooking Armstrong’s monument
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Skylight Shaft
Gypsum Bo
Roof Skylight
Skylight Sha
Decontextualized technical section cutting through cantiliever Roof
overing mbrane
Skyligh
Roof covering sulation Breathable membrane ol layer Insulation
of deck
Vapour Control layer
sulation
Concrete roof deck
ng finish
Insulation
el Beam
Ceiling finish
eel truss
Universal Steel Beam
column
Rigid insulation and Timber beams Cavity Insulation Gypsum Board Liner Skylight Shaft Roof Skylight
Steel truss
Roof covering Breathable membrane
Insulation Vapour Control layer
Steel column Concrete roof deck Insulation Ceiling finish Universal Steel Beam Steel truss Steel column
Floor finish Insulation Vapour Control layer Concrete slab with steel mesh Profited Steel Decking Cantilievered Universal Steel Beam
or finish
sulation ol layer
Floor finish Insulation Vapour Control layer
el mesh Decking Concrete slab with steel mesh
el Beam Profited Steel Decking
ntilievered Universal Steel Beam 27
Industrial farming Layer model 1:5000
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Semester 2
Industrial Farming
Urban agricultural scheme in Elswick Works area
Creating a strategy based on the Grainger’s and Armstrong’s ownerships in Elswick and forming a gardening scheme for Newcastle by looking at both therapeutic and industrialised gardening schemes and their benefits. Creating an urban farm for Armstrong and a communal convalescent home for Grainger while incorporating the public access in different ways.
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‘The city is not made once and for all in a given territory, and the territory is not made by a city never to change. Rather both conditions are changeable, both shift and move over time and both re-make one another in response to these changes.’ (Semester 2 brief)
‘Hunger is not simply defined by not eating enough calories and the concept of ‘food security’ acknowledges the role of social, economic and physical factors determining the livelihood that people will go hungry. Global movements advocate ‘food sovereignty’ through which communities have right to define their own food and agriculture policies and the ways in which they interact with corporate and foreign interests in their food systems.’ (CJ Lim, Food City, 2014, p. 49) Referring to CJ Lim’s quote, it inspired me to create city wide strategy for different gardening schemes based on the ownership between the two main personalities. This scheme allows Newcastle to create series of spaces that are concentrated on growing food in urban development to reduce the impact of increasing food prices and imports.
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Territorial output Original 1:10 000 scale
Territorial output
Metro
Key: Built environment influenced by W. Armstrong Built environment influenced by R. Grainger (hatched if destroyed) Properties influenced by church within Elswick area W. Armstrong’s zone of influence R. Grainger’s zone of influence O
Armstrong’s office building and public garden
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Armstrong’s urban food factory
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Grainger’s convalescent home for therapeutic horticulture
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Educational garden
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Horticultural therapy garden
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Market space Temporary garden space
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To find the exact boundaries for ownership, using information available from Tyne and Wear archives Thomas Sopwith’s drawn plan of Elswick Estate adjoining river Tyne was found. This included survey done in 1837 while the territory belonged to Richard Grainger. However, the investigation was ordered by William Armstrong, which suggests his interest in the land 10 years before Elswick Works were founded. Sopwith created future development for the manufacturing company while still allowing some of the existing paths and buildings to stay, but at the same time changing mayor parts. By finding a survey done in 1961 (just before the factory is closed in the particular area) on Vickers-Armstrong, the scale of the factory and most of the roads have stayed close to the guidelines created by the initial plan. Concentrating on these particular guides and overlaying Thos. Sopwith’s 1837 survey and master plan for 1847 with Elswick works survey done in 1961 and current location plan, the site proposal is created. By comparing the existing grids, roads and paths a large scale strategy was created for the particular area of interest that is limited to the boundaries drawn out by Sopwith. A proposed strategy map in 100 years’ time is created to show urban strategy within the area.
Original Pencil Tracings (done in archives) 32
Character analysis
Grainger’s Elswick Grainger owned Elswick for a brief period at the beginning 19th century. Continuing on success from Grainger market in Newcastle City centre and as well respected society member, he wanted to use this influence to develop his 500 acre estate into up-to-date city centre by using the advancements of technology and increasing urban population. When the estate was bought Grainger intended to make the far south (riverside) part into main industrial junction point. With few already existing industrial developments such as lead works, bleach factory and coal straights, he saw it as ideal opportunity for railway station. However, the loan taken to fund his ideas became obstacle for creating them. Therefore, Elswick Estate stayed as large areas of farming land apart from several small scale manufacturers and guest houses.
Armstrong’s Elswick Armstrong being innovative, was in need for land that would suffice to construct his ideas. Knowing about Granger’s financial issues and seeing the opportunity, he ordered to survey and masterplan part of his land for his future factory. Although, it never reached its maximum success during Armstrong’s life, it still expanded over the whole territory surveyed and manufactured both hydraulic systems and artillery. His main development started at the same time as the train was expanded to the east of Newcastle became main division between the intense production spaces and administrative centre.
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Overlaying historic tracings with existing Newcastle map to find sites and areas for improvements
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Overlaid model map
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Proposing the new strategy based on overlaying Elswick for past two centuries and creating a strategy that can be employed in 100 years’ time.
Parts taken: 1837 Grainger
Food production in large fields with the service spaces (storage spaces, tool sheds etc.) scattered out for beneficial growing
1847 Armstrong Abandoned railway route and its closeness to intense food production spaces for fast movement. Horizontality from the factories 1961 Vickers-Armstrong Existing masonry walls and level differences for potential siting. 2015 Nowadays
usage of already built environment to be modified in greenhouses or service spaces. Leaving existing routes to minimise the impact of the overall scheme
By marking these particular spaces on the map a scheme is created – the main circulation on the Scotswood road and by the river are left untouched. The railway is proposed to become an alternative pedestrian and cycle route towards the city centre, therefore extended. Some of the existing warehouses can be left to be used as extra storage space or transformed into greenhouses.
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Elswick Strategy Plan
Key: Green Farming Wall (lighter if extension is needed) Public railway route (lighter where extended) External farming fields Armstrong’s urban food factory Grainger’s convalescent home for therapeutic horticulture
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Site response
Sites are created by referencing to the archival research tension points and resemble the relationship between Grainger overlooking Armstrong – but in this case the opposite way. Grainger still uses in between spaces of existing while Armstrong creates his ideas without any consideration. Armstrong’s industrial farm is found in close relationship with the railway bridge and Scotswood road – two main circulation points for people to get to or back from Newcastle. This building is mainly concentrated on intense food production, but also has public interface – space to purchase the needed goods. Grainger’s convalescent home is a semi-private space for people who would like to do gardening as hobby or as therapy. In addition to those, it is possible to not only learn how to garden, harvest or maintain the plants, but also how to prepare a meal. The gardening classes and cookery school is accessible for everyone, but the bedrooms are hidden from the pedestrian’s eye.
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Site response
Key: Green Farming Wall and other Facilities Public railway route (lighter where extended) External farming fields Armstrong’s urban food factory Grainger’s convalescent home for horticultural therapy Sectional model cut outs Scheme section cut line
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An gl e er m m Su
Urban Farm - West Elevation Peas in Early Spring, Late Autumn Sun loving plants in Summer
Urban Farm - In-between bridge Vegetable and Herb Summer growing
Railway Pedestrian Route le
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Trees Summer, Autumn Apple trees
Allotments Summer Leafy greens Trees Summer, Autumn Plum trees
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Field Summer Crops (e.g. wheat, potatoes)
Trees Existing Birch trees
Section of the scheme in 1:500 From Scotswood roafd until the Pedestrian pathway by the riverside
Convalescent Home Horticultural Therapy
Riverside route Series of greenhouses
Trees Summer, Autumn Plum trees
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Convalescent home
Convalescent home in site Ground floor with exploded top floor plans
Key:
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1 Greenhouse 2 Gardening classroom 3 Reception 4 Cookery school 5 Private Kitchen 6 Semi-public dining room 7 Communal living room 8 Ground floor library, staircase Top two floors contain private bedrooms
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Secton in relation to he riverside in 1:200
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Sectional model cutting through part of the building Concentrating on the relation between the site, the abandoned industrial buildings in the back and Skinnerburn Road
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Axonometric overlooking the form and level difference
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Urban Farm
Ground floor: Public intervention Connectiong Public with the Building Key: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Service room Market store Market space Reception Cafe Kitchen Staff room Hydroponic shelves Storage Laboratory
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Key: Service room Kitchen Office space Private office Experimental Habitat Laboratory Staff room New plant growing Storage Laboratory
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Control room Food storage Water tank plant Pathway storage with insulated tanks
Service room Kitchenette Office Staff area Staff room Meeting room Laboratory Planted fields Storage Laboratory
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Key:
Third floor: Viewing Platform 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Service room Market store Market space Reception Cafe Kitchen Staff room Hydroponic shelves Storage Laboratory
Second floor: Administrative centre
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Service room Kitchen Office space Private office Experimental Habitat Laboratory Staff room New plant growing Storage Laboratory
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Service room Kitchenette Office Staff area Staff room Meeting room Laboratory Planted fields Storage Laboratory
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Key: Service room Kitchenette Office Staff area Staff room Meeting room Laboratory Planted fields Storage Laboratory 3
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Key: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Service room Market store Market space Reception Cafe Kitchen Staff room Hydroponic shelves Storage Laboratory
First floor: Connectiong Key: Administrative 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Service room Kitchen Office space Private office Experimental Habitat Laboratory Staff room New plant growing Storage Laboratory
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Service room Kitchenette Office Staff area Staff room Meeting room Laboratory Planted fields Storage Laboratory
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Control room Food storage Water tank plant Pathway storage with insulated tanks
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Public internvention section in relation to the railway bridge
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The building is created as an alternative route from the railway and connects to Scotswood road through the building. By creating park like seating areas between existing trees and public allotments the public access is mainly concentrated towards the pedestrian route and continues towards café and market where locally produced food can be purchased. It has main circulation path that allows to connect to the concrete ‘cores’ – main vertical circulation movement that also environment contains control rooms and are completely private. From these ‘cores’ more open spaces are created. These can be used for both – open public spaces or large space growing. Steel frame used in clear grid create open plan spaces that can be easily modified, if there is need to increase the capacity of vegetation. The façade is mainly used for food production and is mainly concentrated for getting the largest amount of sunlight in darker period of the year. The facade is slightly angled in 83 degrees to create potential to gain enough light during summer, which is necessary for plant growing. Depending on the growing conditions, vegetables can be grown. For example, east façades can mainly be used for herbs and salad greens, but west for root crops.
2h Asian greens tatsoi
5h broccoli Brussel sprouts cabbage cucumber coliflower
Exploded axonometric for the farm in relation to railway 54
4-5h beans celery collards peas root crops beets onions potatoes carrots radishes
4-3h argulla kale leeks mint spinach swiss chard
3h herbs basil hives dill, lettuce mustard parsley
Partial Structural detail of North Facing Hydroponic Wall
Parapet flashing Hydroponic wall pipes Insulated Water pipe Structural Column Waterproof Sheeting
Steel Column Supporting External Wall Steel Beam
Concrete slab with steel mesh Profited Steel Decking
Steel support beam
Floor screed
Concrete slab with wire mesh
Insulation Vapour Control layer
Ground
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Environmental Strategy
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Green
Private
Public
Hydroponic façade
Summer strategy
Winter Strategy
In this particular case, externally open hydroponic façade is only employed for growing lettuce and herbs. The basement is mainly used for storing food inside the ‘core’ and water tanks externally (where walls can be found). The water is pumped to the top of the façade where mineral nutrient solutions are added. Afterwards the water flows down and supplies the plants with the needed nutrients. The water is collected in the tank. Since water is mainly used only as a movement to nourish the plants, it can be used more than once creating cycle system.
In summer solstice the sun hits the Earth in 52.5 degree angle. This angle is ideal for plants, but can become an issue for people who want to escape the heat. While the system is planted it is possible the internal spaces become shaded and less exposed to sunlight. The internal core is mainly used for storage and service rooms which is cooler environment. The folding façade allows to ventilate the building if necessary.
In winter solstice sun is at the lowest and hits the sun at 11.5 degrees. During winter months (December, January) the external wall cannot be used creating gaps between the hydroponic wall and internal glass wall. These gaps and the angle of the sun provided allows the sun to shine inside publicly accessible spaces. Spaces within the ‘core’ such as laboratory and experimental habitat can also access the light during winter months allowing the work to be continuous. Usage of concrete allows to employ its thermal massing properties.
Vegetation Strategy
Structural steel column Steel Beam Curtain Window Rigid Insulation with Vapour Permeable Air Barier Isokorb KST (steel to steel)Thermal Break
Gutter
Welded end plate
Vegetation
Steel Canopy
Growing Medium
Steel Hydroponic U-Beam
Filter Fleece Green Membrane Separation Layer Root barrier Waterproof Membrane Plywood board
Hydroponic facade detail 1:20
Roof Skylight Expanding Foam Sealant Rigid Insulation Gypsum Board Liner Cavity Insulation Sheating Insulation Vapour Control layer Concrete roof deck Ceiling finish Universal Steel Beam
Roof light - Green roof detail 1:10
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Internal public viewing platform looking at experimental habitat that cannot be accessed
Hydroponic farm - walls layered by the amount of sunlight needed for their growing
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External pathway on the north side with vegetable growing on the south
Cafe searing area overlooking the external gardens and hydroponic walls 59
Sectional Farming model in relation to the site Sectional 1:200 model showing the planes necessary for farming with overhangs for more direct sunlight (through south wall). The clear vertical circulation core and the pathway linking through other buildings to create continious green wall.
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Factories in relation to the Scothwood road - large scale production
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Workshop series
Thinking Through Making
Material forms the core of architecture’s practice - be it the material of construction or that of the drawing board or digital interface, the way making inflects thinking underlies the production of architecture. (The brief) The week-long workshop series to explore different materials. Testing the materials and stretching their limits to explore new possibilities. The material workshops include: • Covering the capacity of concrete by making sculptural concrete bricks; • Test structural stability by using string and plaster; • Creating and controlling colour liquid paths (from metal ion and food colouring) using different mediums such as glycerine and oil; • Crafting sculptures from timber, by extending the crafting properties. Creating large scale drawing was essential outcome of week. This portrayal was inspired by the outcome of the ideas looked at the graduation studio and should improve representational language. This drawing is a way to show development through series of testing between the paper and the medium and should show the process of thinking and making. The drawing shows exploration of the relationship between the river and the planting. By continuing on initial ideas of the studio the illustration portrays “the growing river” that is slowly taken over by creating green carpet surrounding the river.
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1:1 Drawing Exploration
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Details from 1:1 Drawing
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Concrete Workshop
Chemistry Workshop
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String Casting Workshop
Timber Workshop
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Different parts of the video sculpture
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Charette
The Unseen and the Unheard
The Unseen and the Unheard is a Charette that concentrates on recording vibrations and noises that are impossible to hear with human ear. By visiting and recording in different locations (organ in church, boiler room pipes, railing by highway and others) it was essential to create a sound mix. From this sounds, a visual sculpture was created on which a video is projected. Similarly to any other projection the image is disfigured around threedimensional objects. By taking this into account and mapping the points it is possible to create a video that is only shown in certain parts. The sculpture created takes the shape and the sounds from the noises created by pipe like objects. From then a video is created based on the noises and blasts that starts as calming nature that gradually grows into major, atypical blast.
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