Volcanoes by Lindy McGuinness

Volcanoes! By Year 9 Caracals

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By Aydin • Name of the Volcano: Mauna Loa (1) • Where it is: on the island of Hawaii • What kind of Volcano is it? Mauna Loa is a shield volcano which is active most of the time. • Four cool facts • 1. It only rises 4km above sea level • 2. It is about 56000ft or 17km above its base • 3. It is the earth’s largest volcano • 4. It covers half of the island of Hawaii 3

By Bethany • Name of the Volcano: Mount Etna (2) • Where it is: The east coast of Sicily • What kind of Volcano is it? Composite volcano • Four cool facts • 1. It has erupted each year since 2001 • 2. It is the largest active volcano in Europe • 3. it is one of 3 active volcanoes in Italy • 4.It is one of the most active volcanos in the world 4

By Callum • name of the volcano? Mount Versuvius (3) • where is it : Italy,Naples, pompai • what kinde of volcano is it: a cinder cone volcano • foure fun facks: – the city of pompai was ingolfed in ass that burde the body making them into solid rock – versuvius has erupteddozens of times since 79 ad. it coude eruped again any moment. – mount versuvius is the only active volcano in mainland europe. in 79 ad eruption of vesuvius is why volcanologists use plinia to descrive volcano cloudes. – did u now? that mount versuvius is so well known that the tv series doctor who made an episode obout it in 12 april 2008 called the fires of pompai.

By Emilie • Name of the Volcano: Mount Fuji (4) • Where it is: Mount Fuji is in Honshu, Japan. • What kind of Volcano is it: Mount Fuji is a composite volcano. This means that it explodes and the lava is thick and doesn’t flow easily. • Four cool facts • 1. Mount Fuji is dormant but not extinct. • 2. Lowest recorded temperature is -35.5C. • 3. It has been featured in Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai’s paintings. • 4.Mount Fuji is 3776 metres high. 6

By Emma • Name of the Volcano: Mount Etna Sicily, Italy (2) • Where it is: Sicily, Italy • What kind of Volcano is it? Mount Etna is a composite volcano because it is very large and is a classic shaped volcano. It is Europe’s tallest active volcano.

By Emma • Name of the Volcano: Mount Etna Sicily, Italy (2) • Four cool facts • 1. Mount Etna has the longest recorded history of eruptions they date back to 1500 B.C. Its most explosive eruptions occurred in 1669 and 1879 Also the latest ones where in October 2002 to January 2003. • 2. An eruption of Mount Etna in 122 B.C. caused so much damage to the nearby city that is called “Catania” the inhabitants were stopped from paying taxes to Rome for the next 10 years. • 3. The measurement of how big Mount Etna really is changes frequently due to volcanic activity. At the moment it is measured to be around 10,925 feet which is other wise known as 3,330 meters. 4. The surface of Mount Etna is formed over hundreds of years by a series of lava and ash deposits over the years. This also helped to make up the lava and ash layers in the volcano. 8

By Jacob • Name of the Volcano: Whakaari also known as White (5) Island. • Where it is: It is located 48 KM off the Whakatane coast, at the top of New Zealand. • What kind of Volcano is it? It is a Cinder Cone volcano. • Four cool facts • 1. The full Maori name for White Island is ‘Te Puia o Whakaari’ meaning ‘The Dramatic Volcano’. • 2. It was named white island on October 1st 1769 by Captain Cook because it always appeared to by covered in a cloud of white steam. • 3. It’s 2km in diameter and is 321 meters high above sea level. • 4. It is still an active volcano and is the most active one in the country. 9

• Name of the Volcano: Volcán de (6) fuego • Where it is: Mexico • What kind of Volcano is it? A composite volcano • Four cool facts • 1. It is a very active volcano having small eruptions almost daily • 2. It is very close to the city of Antigua Guatemala. • 3. The last proper large eruption was on the 9th of august 2007 when it spewed out lava, ash and rock, seven homes close to the Volcano were evacuated

By Joe

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Name of the Volcano: Taal Volcano (7) By Luke Where it is: It is on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. it is a crater within an island within a lake • What kind of Volcano is it? • It is a complex volcano, it’s on island and it last erupted 1977. It is part of the Pacific ring of fire. • Some cool facts • 1. it is the smallest volcano in the world • 2. This volcano may also be one of the most active volcanoes around today since it has erupted over 20 times since 1572 11

• Name of the Volcano: Mount Etna (2) • Where it is: Sicily • What kind of Volcano is it? Composite • Four cool facts • Mount Etna • 1. Picture • 2. It is located in a Mountain Range • 3. It last erupted on January 2003. That eruption threw up a huge column of ash and dust, severely damaged a few homes on the side of the volcano, and caused some parts of the volcano to move by up to two meters. • 4. 2 Facts: #1 Mount Etna is Europe’s largest volcano. #2 Mount Etna has the longest recorded history of eruptions.

By Noor

By Thomas (8) Name of the Volcano: Surtsey Where it is: An Island off the southern coast of Iceland. What kind of Volcano is it? Composite cone Four cool facts 1. Surtsey Island was formed by a volcanic eruption under the sea between 1963 and 1967. • 2. The Island is now becoming smaller because of erosion and will disappear in time. • 3. The Island is a World Heritage Site. No humans live on the Island but there is plenty of vegetation, birds and insects living on the island. • 4. On the 14th November 1963 a fishing vessel found the Island which was literally coming up out of the sea. The Island continued to grow until 1967, when the eruption stopped.

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By Oliver (2) • Name of the Volcano: Mount Etna • Where it is: Sicily • What kind of Volcano is it? Mount Etna is one of the most active volcano’s • Four cool facts • 1. an eruption in 122 B.C. caused so much damage to the nearby city of Catania that the inhabitants were exempted from paying taxes to Rome for 10 years • 2. Mount Etna is the largest volcano in Europe at 350km3 • 3. Mount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes on earth • 4. Mount Etna has a record for the most historical eruptions on the planet 14

By Ryan • Name of the Volcano: Avachinsky (9) • Where it is: Kamchatka Pennisula, Eastern Russia • What kind of Volcano is it? • Avachinsky is a stratovolcano, which is a type of composite volcano. Because it is a continental volcano, its lava is more acidic and it creates more ash, giving it a steep sided cone. This also makes it more deadly because of more gases inside the volcano and it has slow flowing lava. 15

By Ryan (9) • Name of the Volcano: Avachinsky • Four cool facts • 1. The Avachinsky volcano is near the city of Kamchatka Krai and Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky. Avachinsky is part of an island and mountain range along with a Korayaksy volcano. The volcano was formed on the boundary of the Eurasian plate and the subducting Pacific plate. Each time it has erupted, its lava has flowed to the south-west, away from people, due to a breached caldera on the side of the volcano. A caldera is a crater that is formed when an old volcano collapses and becomes extinct. Lava can flow through the caldera because it is has a hole in it, made by the lava under pressure. It last erupted in 2001.

By Ryan (9) • Name of the Volcano: Avachinsky • Four cool facts • 2. In 2001, only small amounts of ash rose less than 1km above its crater. There was a mud flow heading south-east, but luckily no one was killed or injured. After lots of small earthquakes and fumarole (steam vent) activity, with steam and gas plumes, the eruption stopped. It could still be a potential hazard to people as it is close to two major cities. It could pose a risk rivers, roads and isolated cottages because any future eruptions would create pyroclastic flows along with ash and steam clouds. The two cities are densely populated. • 3. The concrete used in the city of Petropavlovsk is made from cinder from Avachinsky’s 1945 eruption. • 4. Avachinsky is located on the “Ring of Fire,” a network of continental and ocean plate boundaries where volcanoes and earthquakes occur. 17

By Sabrina • Name of the Volcano: Nevado Del Ruiz (10) • Where it is: Columbia • What kind of Volcano is it? • Stratovolcano/Composite • Four cool facts • 1.Nevado del Ruiz is also known as El Mesa de Herveo or Kumanday. • 2. The volcano is part of Los Nevados National Park, which also contains several other volcanoes. The summit of Nevado del Ruiz is covered by large glaciers, although these have retreated significantly since 1985 because of atmospheric warming. The park is a popular tourist destination and contains several tourist shelters. 18

By Sabrina • Name of the Volcano: Nevado Del Ruiz (10) • Four cool facts • The first eruptions of Nevado del Ruiz occurred about 1.8 million years ago at the beginning of the Pleistocene epoch. • The Armero tragedy was one of the major consequences of the eruption in November 13, 1985. After 69 years of dormancy, the volcano's eruption caught nearby towns unaware, even though the government had received warnings to evacuate the area from multiple volcanological organizations when volcanic activity had been detected in September 1985. 19

By Toby • Name of the Volcano: (11) Arenal • Where it is: Alajuela Province, Costa Rica • What kind of Volcano is it? It is a Composite Volcano • Four cool facts • 1. It is one of the 10 most active volcanoes in the world. • 2. It has erupted 8 times • 3. The last time it erupted was May 7, 1998 + picture! 20

Where Akutan Volcanoe is located: 没

Alaska! 22

Akutan Volcanoe Type: Type of Volcanoe: Cinder Cone Volcanoe 23

vThe Volcanoe is on an island called Aleutian Island, in Alaska. vThere was no eruption in 1996, but there were earthquakes, though they continued to decrease. vCode: Yellow which means that: This means that the volcanoe is restless. This also means that an eruption is possible over a few weeks. v The volcanoe does pose a threat, because there might possibly be a eruption over a few weeks. 25