ȾɁəɊɀȺȸɇȺə ȸɋɌȺɇɈȼȺ ©ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȺə ȺȻɅȺɋɇȺə ȻȱȻɅȱəɌɗɄȺ ȱɆə ɍ ȱ ɅȿɇȱɇȺª ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼȺ ȺȾɍɄȺɐɕȱ ©ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ȾɁəɊɀȺȸɇɕ ȸɇȱȼȿɊɋȱɌɗɌ ȱɆə ɉ Ɇ ɆȺɒɗɊȺȼȺª ɄȺɎȿȾɊȺ ȽȱɋɌɈɊɕȱ ȻȿɅȺɊɍɋȱ
ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ɄɊȺɃ Ɍ Ɇɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ
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Ɋɷɰɷɧɡɟɧɬɵ ɞɵɪɷɤɬɚɪ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɝɚ ɮɿɥɿɹɥɚ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɵ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ɩɪɚɮɫɚɸɡɚʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ©Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ³ɆȱɉɋȺ´ª ɤɚɧɞɵɞɚɬ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɤ ɞɚɰɷɧɬ Ⱥ Ʌ Ⱦɡɹɞɡɿɧɤɿɧ ɧɚɦɟɫɧɿɤ ɞɵɪɷɤɬɚɪɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɝɚ ɮɿɥɿɹɥɚ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɵ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ɩɪɚɮɫɚɸɡɚʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ©Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ³ɆȱɉɋȺ´ª ɤɚɧɞɵɞɚɬ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɤ ɞɚɰɷɧɬ ȱ ɍ ɇɿɤɚɥɚɟɜɚ Ɋɷɞɚɤɰɵɣɧɚɹ ɤɚɥɟɝɿɹ Ɍ Ɇ Ⱥɞɚɦɹɧ ɝɚɥ ɪɷɞ ȼ Ɇ Ʉɚɦɟɧɞɚɧɬɚɜɚ Ʌ ȱ Ɋɚɝɚɱɨɜɚ ȼ Ɇ Ⱥʆɫɹɧɧɿɤɚɜɚ Ⱥ Ɇ ȼɚɫɿɥɟʆɫɤɚɹ Ⱥ ȼ ȱɝɧɚɰɟɧɤɚ ɇ ȼ Ɏɟɧɱɚɧɤɚ На вокладцы ± ©ȼɚɟɧɧɵ ɫɚɥɸɬ ɭ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɭª ɮɨɬɚ ə ȱ Ɋɭɦɤɿɧɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱ ɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ɿɦɹ ɉ Ɇ Ɇɚɲɷɪɚɜɚª Ʉɚɮɟ ɞɪɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɪɷɞɤɚɥ Ɍ Ɇ Ⱥɞɚɦɹɧ ɝɚɥ ɪɷɞ >ɿ ɿɧɲ @ ± Ɇɿɧɫɤ ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ± Ɍ ± > @ ɫ ,6%1 ɍ ɬ ɲɬɨɝɚɞɨɜɚɝɚ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɭɜɚɣɲɥɿ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɹɤɚɹ ɚɞɛɵɥɚɫɹ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ɭ Ⱦɍ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ȼɵɞɚɧɧɟ ɚɞɪɚɫɚɜɚɧɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚɦ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚɦ ɚɪɯɿɜɿɫɬɚɦ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɰɚɦ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚɪɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɭɫɿɦ ɯɬɨ ɰɿɤɚɜɿɰɰɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɹɣ ɪɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɍȾɄ Ɋ
ȻȻɄ Ȼɟɢ ȼɢɬ ,6%1 Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿª
ɉɊȺȾɆɈȼȺ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ɭ Ⱦɍ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ɚɞɛɵɥɚɫɹ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɹ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ Ⱥɪɝɚɧɿ ɡɚɬɚɪɚɦɿ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɿɥɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ɿɦɹ ɉ Ɇ Ɇɚɲɷɪɚɜɚ Ⱦɥɹ ʆɞɡɟɥɭ ʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɚɞɚɞɡɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲ ɡɚ ɡɚɹɜɚɤ ɚɞ ɤɪɚɹ ɡɧɚʆɰɚʆ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚʆ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚʆ ɚɪɯɿɜɚʆ ɦɭɡɟɹʆ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤ ɜɵɲɷɣɲɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨʆ ɡ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ Ʌɚɬɜɿɿ Ɋɚɫɿɿ ɁɒȺ ɋɹɪɨɞ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɭɞɡɟɥɶɧɿɤɚʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɿ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɿ ɡ Ɇɿɧɫɤɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚ ɉɨɥɚɰɤɚ ɪɚɺɧɧɵɯ ɰɷɧɬɪɚʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ ɉɥɟɧɚɪɧɚɟ ɩɚɫɹɞɠɷɧɧɟ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧ ɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚ ɬɷɦɟ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɒɵɪɨɤɚɹ ɬɷɦɚɬɵɤɚ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵɯ ɞɚɤɥɚɞɚʆ ɡɚɤɪɚɧɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɧɚɫɬɚɣɧɵɹ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɿ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭ ɫɿ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɮɚɥɶɤɥɨɪɭ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ɍ Ɍ ɲɬɨɝɚɞɨɜɚɝɚ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɭɜɚɣɲɥɿ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɍ ɡɛɨɪɧɿɤɭ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɚʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɧɵ ɚʆɬɚɪɫɤɿ ɩɚɪɚɞɚɤ ɫɩɚɫɵɥɚɤ ɭ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɿɫɚɯ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɚ ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɚʆ ȼɵɞɚɧɧɟ ɚɞɪɚɫɚɜɚɧɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚɦ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚɦ ɚɪɯɿɜɿɫɬɚɦ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɰɚɦ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚɪɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɭɫɿɦ ɯɬɨ ɰɿɤɚɜɿɰɰɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɹɣ ɪɨɞ ɧɚɝɚ ɤɪɚɸ
3
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɰɟɪɤɜɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɬɚɯ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɟɩɚɪɯɢɢ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ɋ ȼɚɫɿɥɟɜɿɱ ə ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ Ƚɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɵ Ɇɭɡɷɣ ə ȼɚɫɿɥɟ ɜɿɱ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɚ ± ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ ± Ɍ ± ɋ Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ɚɪɯɿʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ ± Ɏ ȼɨɩ ɋɩɪ Ⱥɪɤ ɚɞɜ ɒɱɚɤɚɰɿɯɿɧ Ɇ Ɇ Ɇɚɬɚɪ¶ɹɥɵ ɞɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɦɚɥɹɪɫɬɜɚ ;9,,, ɫɬɚ ɥɟɰɶɰɹ ɡɛɨɪ ȼɿɰɟɛ ɚɞɞɡ ɧɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫ ɞɡɹɪɠ ɦɭɡɟɹ Ɇ Ɇ ɒɱɚɤɚɰɿɯɿɧ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɚ ± ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ ± Ɍ ± ɋ ± ± Ɍ ± ɋ ± ɋɹɪɨɞ ɚɩɿɫɚɧɵɯ ɚɛɪɚɡɨʆ Ɇ ɒɱɚɤɚɰɿɯɿɧ ɛɹɫɫɩɪɷɱɧɚ ɚɞɧɺɫ ɞɚ ɥɚɬɵɝɚʆ ɫɤɚɝɚ ɿɤɚɧɚɫɬɚɫɚ ɚ ʆ ɜɵɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɧɚɩɿɫɚʆ ©ɉɚɯɚɞɠɷɧɶɧɟ ɧɟɜɹɞɨɦɚª Ʉɪɭɤɨʆɫɤɿ ɍ ɑɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɪɵɧɤɚ ɍ Ʉɪɭɤɨʆɫɤɿ ɋɩɚɞɱɵɧɚ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ± ɇɭɦɚɪ ɩɚɞɚɟɰɰɚ ɩɚ ɿɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɵ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɞɞɡɹɥɟɧɧɹ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ɦɭɡɟɹ Ⱥɞɞɡɟɥ ȱȱ Ƚ ɇɭɦɚɪɵ ©ȱɛɤ ª ɧɚ ɧɟɝɚɬɵɜɚɯ ɡ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɵɿ ɍ Ʉɪɭɤɨʆɫɤɚɝɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɰɶ ɜɿɞɚɰɶ ȱɧɛɟɥɤɭɥɶɬɭ ɇɭɦɚɪɵ ɇɆɆ ɊȻ ± ɲɵɮɪɵ ɿɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɧɚɝɚ ɧɭɦɚɪɚ ɬɷɦɩɟɪɧɚɝɚ ɠɵɜɚɩɿɫɭ ;,9±;,; ɫɬɫɬ ȱ ɍɫɟɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɤɚɹ ɜɵɫɬɚʆɤɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɺɝ ɚɞɞɡɟɥɭ ɫɬɚɪɚɠɵɬɧɚɝɚ ɦɚ ɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ ɚɩɪɚɰɚɜɚʆ Ɇ ɒɱɷɤɚɰɿɯɿɧ ± Ɇɟɧɫɤ ± ɋ ± ȼɵɫɬɚɜɚ ©Ɇɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ;9,±;9,,, ɫɬɫɬ Ɂɧɚɯɨɞɤɿ Ɇ Ɇ ɒɱɚɤɚ ɰɿɯɿɧɚª ɩɪɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɚ ʆ ɇɚɰ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɤɿɦ ɦɭɡɟɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɡ ɜɟɪɚɫ ɩɚ ɤɚɫɬɪ ɝ ɉɪɚ ɥɚɬɵɝɚʆɫɤɿɹ ɚɛɪɚɡɵ ɝɥ Ʉɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɜɵɫɬɚʆɤɿ Ɇɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ ɞɨ ɝɨɞɞɡɹ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɧɚɪɚɞɠɷɧɧɹ Ɇɿɤɨɥɵ ɒɱɚɤɚɰɿɯɿɧɚ ± ± Ɇɿɧɫɤ ± ɋ ± Ɇɿɰɤɟɜɿɱ Ⱥ Ƚ Ɇɚɿɫɟɟʆ ɘ Ɏ ɋɵɫɨɟɜɚ Ʌ Ʌ ɒɚɛɭɧɹ Ʉɥɹɱɤɨʆɫɤɚɹ Ⱥ ɍ ɋɺɦɵ ɚɛɪɚɡ ɡ ɫɟɪɵɿ ɥɚɬɵɝɚʆɫɤɚɝɚ ɦɚɣɫɬɪɚ Ⱥ Ƚ Ɇɿɰɤɟɜɿɱ >ɿ ɿɧɲ @ Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɚɥɵ ɧɚɭɱ ɩɪɚɤɬ ɤɨɧɮ ɩɨɫɜɹɳ ɥɟɬɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɤɨ ɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫ ɝɨɫ ɭɧ ɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ Ɇɢɧɫɤ ± ɧɨɹɛ ɝ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫ ɝɨɫ ɭɧ ɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ ± Ɇɢɧɫɤ ± ɋ ± ɋɿɧɿɥɚ Ⱥ Ɇ Ⱥɛɪɚɡɵ ɡ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ɦɭɡɟɹ ʆ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɵɯ ɡɛɨ ɪɚɯ ɞɚɜɚɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɹ ɿ ɩɚɯɨɞɠɚɧɧɟ Ⱥ Ɇ ɋɿɧɿɥɚ ɉɵɬɚɧɧɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɧɚɥɨɝɿɿ ɿ ɮɚɥɶɤɥɚɪɵɫɬɵɤɿ ±Ɇɿɧɫɤ ± ȼɵɩ ± ɋ
ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ
©ȾɁȿ əɇɕ ȼȺɒɕ ɁȼȺɇɕ"ª ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɪɭ ȼɥɚɞɢ ɦɢɪɚ Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɟɜɢɱɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɚ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ȼ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɣ ɩɶɟɫɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ©Ɂɜɚɧɵ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚª ɧɚ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɭ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɵɯ ɞɟɥ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ Ⱥɧɬɨɧɢ Ʌɚɪ ȼɨɥɶɯɚ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ©Ɇɵ ɛɭɞɡɟɦ ɫɬɚɹɰɶ ɉɨɦɧɿɤ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɭ 286
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ɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɪɢɬɟɥɢ Ɏɟɞɨɪ ɉɢɥɢɦɨɧɨɜɢɱ ȼɚɜɭɥɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɵɧɨɜɶɹ ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɞ ɩɢɫɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɟɳɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɪɛ ɝɦɟɪɤ Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ Ɏɟɞɤɨ ȼɚɜɭɥɚ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɫɩɨɥɢɬɵɯ ɦɟɳɚɧ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɜ ɲɢɯ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɨɦ ɞɜɨɪɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɫɩɨɥɢɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɧ ɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɳɚɧɚɦɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɢɸɧɹ ɝ > ɫ ɫ ± @ Ʉɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɳɚɧɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɲɥɹɯɬɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɩɨɥɢɬɵɟ ɫɱɢ ɬɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɥ > ɫ ± @ ȼ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɨ ɜɡɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɲɥɢɧ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɟ ɡɚ ɝ Ɏɟɞɨɪ ȼɚɜɭɥɚ ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɜɥɚ ɞɟɥɟɰ ɫɬɪɭɝɚ > ɫ @ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɟɦɶɹ ɞɚɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɢɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɦ ɩɨ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ Ⱦɜɢɧɟ ɐɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɠɟ ɫɜɹɬɨɝɨ ɉɟɬɪɚ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɡɚɦɟɬ ɧɨɣ ɜ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɟɣ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɤɭɞɧɵ ɏɪɚɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɪɤɜɟɣ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɟɩɢ ɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɝ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ©ɡɚ ɪɟɤɨɸ Ⱦɜɢɧɨɸª ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ©ɇɚ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɉɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɉɚɜɥɚ ɧɚɞɚɧɟ Ɏɟɞɨɪɚ ɉɢɥɢɦɨɧɨɜɢɱɚ ȼɚɜɭɥɵ ɞɜɨɪ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɫ ɞɜɟɦɹ ɨɝɨɪɨ ɞɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɚɞɟ ɡɚ Ⱦɜɢɧɨɸ ɩɪɨɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɦ Ɋɭɫɢª > ɫ @ ɂ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɣ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ȼ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɟ ɢ ɪɹɞɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɯɪɚɦ ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ©ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɉɟɬɪɚª ɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɫɟ ɬɚɤɢ ɨɛɨɢɦ ɚɩɨɫɬɨɥɚɦ ± ɉɟɬɪɭ ɢ ɉɚɜɥɭ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɤɭɩɱɟɣ ɨɬ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɝ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ©ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɪ Ⱦɜɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ⱦɜɢɧɭ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ ɉɟɬɪɚ ɧɚɞ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɜɡɜɨɡɨɦ ɝɞɟ ɧɵɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɨɜɧɹª ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ©ɞɪɟɜɧɹɹ ɉɟɬɪɨ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ Ⱦɜɢɧɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɵɧɟ ɫɭɳɟ ɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ± ɛɵɥɚ ɭ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɜɡɜɨɡɚª ɝ > ɫ @ ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɷɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ©Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ ɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ «Ⱦɜɢɧɚªª ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ȼɚɜɭɥɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɉɟɬɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɪ ɤɨɜɶ ɉɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɉɚɜɥɚ ɚ ɜ ɝ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɪɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɜ ɲɢɣɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɨɬ Ⱦɜɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɥ Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɭɥ Ɂɟɧɶɤɨɜɨɣ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɫ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɩɨɥɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɜɟɡɟɧ ɢɡ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɪɨɮɟɣ ɜɨɣɫɤɨɦ ɰɚɪɹ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɹ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɢ ɱɚ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ Ɇɭɡɟɹ Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ ɧɚɭɤ ɜ ȼɢɥɶɧɨ Ɇɢɯɚɥ Ȼɪɟɧɲɬɟɣɧ ± ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɜ ɝ ɫɬɚɬɶɸ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɫɵɥɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ©Ɇɟɬɪɢɤɭ ɦɨɧɚɯɢɧɶ Ɉɪɞɟɧɚ ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɫɤɚ 288
ɜ ȼɢɥɶɧɟª ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɤɭɩɥɟɧ ɭ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɢɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɝ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɢɬɨɜ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ ɋɨɤɨɥɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɟɣ ɦɨ ɧɚɫɬɵɪɹ ɛɟɪɧɚɪɞɢɧɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɥɟ ɫɜ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɚ ɜ ȼɢɥɶɧɟ > ɫ @ ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɦɟɬɪɢɤɚ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɜ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ Ʌɢɬɜɵ > @ ȼ ɝ ɤɨɫɬɟɥ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɤɪɵɬ ɚ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧ ɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɧɸ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟ Ɋɚɫɭ ɗɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɟ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟ ɜ ȼɢɥɶɧɸɫɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɤɨ ɢɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɥɢɬɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣ Ɍɚɤ ɬɚɦ ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɨ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɘɡɟɮɚ ɉɢɥɫɭɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɚɯ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ȼ ɝ ɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɧɸ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɤɢ Ʉɚɫɬɭɫɹ Ʉɚɥɢɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɋ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹ ɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɟ ɝɝ > ɫ ± @ Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ Ƚɟɧɸɲɚɫɚ ɧɚɦ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ȼ ɝ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɟɪ ɭɦɟɪ ɧɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥ ɠɚɸɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɸ ɇɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɲɚɧɫ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ ɨ ɜɡɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɸ ȿɜɫɬɚɮɢɟɦ Ɇɟɪɟɰɤɢɦ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɲɥɢɧ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɟ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɚ ɞɨɤ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ >ɜ ɬ @ ɫɨɫɬ ɢɡɞ Ⱥ ɉ ɋɚɩɭɧɨɜ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ± Ɍ ± ± ɋ ± Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ Ʌɢɬɜɵ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ Ⱦɨɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɭ ɦɟɳɚɧ ɩɨɫɩɨɥɢɬɵɯ ɫ ɤɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɸɧɹ ɝ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɤɧɢɝ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɣ ȼɢɬɟɛɫ ɤɨɣ ɢ Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɯɪɚɧɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɜɵɩ ± ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ± ȼɵɩ ± ± ɋ ± ɂɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɤɭɩɱɟɣ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɝ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɤɧɢɝ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɣ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɯɪɚɧɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɜɵɩ ± ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ȼɵɩ ± ± ɋ ± ɂɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɶ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɚɪɯɢɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɝ ɹɧ ɜɚɪɹ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɚ ɞɨɤ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ >ɜ ɬ @ ɫɨɫɬ ɢɡɞ Ⱥ ɉ ɋɚɩɭɧɨɜ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ± Ɍ ± ± ɋ ± Ʌɚɩɩɨ ɂ Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɨɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɤɧɹɠɟɫɬɜɚ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ Ʉɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɳɚɧɟ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɜ ;9, ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɢ ɂ Ʌɚɩɩɨ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧ ɧɵɯ ȼɚɫɢɥɢɸ Ɉɫɢɩɨɜɢɱɭ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɨ ɞɧɸ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ± ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɱ – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɉɟɱ ɋ ɉ əɤɨɜɥɟɜɚ ± ɑ ± ɋ ± Ɇɚɤɚɪɚʆ Ɇ Ⱦɡ Ⱥɞ ɩɚɫɚɞɚ ɞɚ ɦɚɝɞɷɛɭɪɝɿɿ ɩɪɚɜɚɜɨɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɲɱɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɦɟɫɬɚʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɉɚɞɡɜɿɧɧɹ ʆ ;,9 ± ɩɟɪɲɚɣ ɩɚɥɨɜɟ ;9,, ɫɬ Ɇ Ⱦ Ɇɚɤɚɪɚʆ ± Ɇɿɧɫɤ ɗɤɚɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɵɜɚ ± ɫ 289
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ Ʉɨɦɦɢɫɫɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɭ ɨɛ ɭɛɢɟɧɢɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɚ ɂɨɫɚɮɚɬɚ Ʉɭɧɰɟɜɢɱɚ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɚ ɞɨɤ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ >ɜ ɬ @ ɫɨɫɬ ɢɡɞ Ⱥ ɉ ɋɚɩɭɧɨɜ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ± Ɍ ± ± ɋ ± %UHQV]WHMQ 0 ']LHMH G]ZRQX 0 %UHQV]WHMQ ']LHQQLN :LOHĔVNL ± ± JUXG QU ± 6 %UHQV]WHMQ 0 =DU\V G]LHMyZ OXGZLVDUVWZD QD ]LHPLDFK E :LONLHJR .VLĊQVWZD /LWHZVNLHJR 0 %UHQV]WHMQ ± :LOQR NVLĊJDUQLD 6WRZDU]\V]QLD 1DXF]\FLHOVWZD 3ROVNLHJR Z :LOQLH ± V 0DáDFKRZLF] ( &PHQWDU] QD 5RVVLH Z :LOQLH ( 0DáDFKRZLF] ± :URFáDZ =DNáDG 1DURGRZ\ LP 2VVROLĔVNLFK ± > @ V 2WWH + *ORFNHQNXQGH + 2WWH $XÀ ± /HLS]LJ 9HUODJ 7 2 :HLJHO ± 9,, V
Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ Ⱦɚ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɭ ȼ Ⱥ ɒɵɲɚɧɚɜɚ
Ɏɨɬɚ Ɂɜɨɧ ɡ ɜɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɰɚɪɤɜɵ ɋɜɹɬɨɝɚ ɉɹɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɟ ʆ ȼɿɥɶɧɸɫɟ Ɏɨɬɚ ȼ Ⱥ ɒɵɲɚɧɚɜɚ ɝ
Ɏɨɬɚ ɉɪɚɦɚɥɺʆɤɚ ɧɚɞɩɿɫɚʆ ɧɚ ɡɜɚɧɟ ɜɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɰɚɪɤɜɵ ɋɜɹɬɨɝɚ ɉɹɬɪɚ
427
ɁɆȿɋɌ ɉɪɚɞɦɨɜɚ
ȼəɅȱɄȺə ȺɃɑɕɇɇȺə ȼȺɃɇȺ ȾȺ ȽɈȾȾɁə ɉȿɊȺɆɈȽȱ Ⱥɧɢɫɶɤɨɜɢɱ Ɇ Ɇ ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ± ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ Ɇ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 11 ȼɨɸɲ Ɋ ȼ ȼɡɝɥɹɞ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɧɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɵ ± Ƚɚɣɞɭɤɨʆ Ʉ ɉ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɵ ± ɭɪɚɞɠɷɧɰɵ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚ Ⱦɟɞɸɥɢɧɚ Ʌ Ȼ ȼɟɥɢɤɚɹ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɣɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɚ ɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɛɚɡɵ ©ɉɚɦɹɰɶ ɉɨɥɚɱɱɵɧɵª Ⱦɟɦɟɧɬɶɟɜ ȼ Ɋ ɇɚ ɨɝɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɛɟɠɚɯ ± ɝɝ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɚɦ ɛɨɟɜ ɣ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɜɢɡɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ ȼ Ɏɪɭɧɡɟ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ Ɍ ɉ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɧɚɤɚɧɭɧɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ©Ȼɚɝɪɚɬɢɨɧª ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɛɚ ɩɚɪɬɢɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɉɨɥɨɬɱɢɧɵ ± ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ Ʉɭɤɫɺɧɚɤ Ɇ ȼ Ⱦɚɥɺɤɿ ɱɚɫ ɬɪɵɜɨɠɧɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɬɵ« ɡ ɜɨɩɵɬɭ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɵɿ ʆɫɩɚɦɿɧɚʆ ɚɛ ɜɚɣɧɟ Ʌɹɝɚɟɜɚ ə Ⱦ ɗɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ©ɩɨɯɨɪɨɧɤɚª ɜɨɣɧɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ ɋ ɉ ɇɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɢɥɢ Ɋɹɞɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɇɿɤɿɰɿɧɚ Ʌ Ʉ Ɂɚɪɨɧɚɜɚ ɩɨɦɧɿɰɶ ɩɪɚ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɝɟɪɨɹʆ ɡɟɦɥɹɤɨʆ ɇɨɜɚɤ Ƚ Ƚ ȼɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɷɪɨɤɥɭɛɚ ± Ƚɟɪɨɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ Ɉɥɟɮɢɪɟɧɤɨ Ɇ Ʉ ɋɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɨ ɪɚɡɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ± ɯ ɝɝ ɉɿɜɚɜɚɪ Ɇ ȼ Ɂɚɯɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɩɚɦɹɰɿ ɩɪɚ ɩɚɞɡɟɿ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿɦ ɪɚɺɧɟ ɦɿɧɭɥɚɟ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɚɟ ɛɭɞɭɱɚɟ Ɋɭɦɚɤɨ ȿ ȼ ɉɪɨɟɤɬ Ⱥɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ɇ Ʉ Ʉɪɭɩɫɤɨɣ ©ɋɨɪɨɤ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ± ɫɨɪɨɤ ɩɹɬɵɣ Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨ ɜɨɣɧɟª ɤɚɤ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɋɬɪɢɠɧɟɜɚ ȿ Ⱥ ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ȼ ɂ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɋɭɦɤɨ ȿ ȼ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɍɢɬɨɜɚ ɇ ɂ ɂɦɟɧɟɦ ɒɪɚɞɟɪɚ Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɨɜɚ ɂ ȼ Ʉɭɪɝɚɧ Ȼɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɹ ± ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɒɚɰɤɢɣ Ɋ ȼ ɑɟɬɜɟɪɨɧɨɝɢɟ ɛɨɣɰɵ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɢɧɧɨ ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɟ ± 443
ɒɤɥɹɪ ɉ Ⱥ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ȼɢɝɨɫɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɨɜɟɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɘɩɚɬɨɜ Ⱥ ɇ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ± ɝɝ
ȽȱɋɌȺɊɕɑɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ Ⱥɪɥɨɜɚ Ⱥ Ƚ Ɂ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɚɱɷɣɤɚɜɚ Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ Ʌ Ʌɸɞɢ ɢ ɬɚɧɤɢ ɩɨɥɤɨɜɧɢɤɚ Ⱥɦɦɨɫɨɜɚ ɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ȼɚɪɚɧɨʆɫɤɿ Ⱥ ȼ Ⱥɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɿ ɩɚɜɹɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɥɚɞ ɞɚ ɡɦɟɧɵ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɩɪɵɧɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ʆ ɫɹɪɷɞɡɿɧɟ ɝ ± ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɝ ȼɚɫɢɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ ȼ ȼ ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ Ɏɟɞɨɪɚ Ɇɚɯɧɨɜɚ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɋɆɂ ȼɨɞɧɟɜɚ ɂ ɉ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɯ ɝɝ Ƚɚɣɞɭɤɨʆ Ʉ ɉ Ƚɟɪɨɿ Ɋɚɫɿɣɫɤɚɣ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ± ɭɪɚɞɠɷɧɰɵ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ Ⱦɚɜɢɞɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ɉ ɇ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ Ⱦɨɦɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɹ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ Ⱦɚɲɤɟɜɿɱ Ⱥ Ƚ ɒɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɹ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ɩɚɞɱɚɫ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɚ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ± ɀɭɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ ȼ Ʉɪɚɟɜɟɞɵ Ɉɪɲɚɧɳɢɧɵ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ȿ ȼ ȿɜɪɟɢ ɢ ɜɨɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ȼɨɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɬɨɥɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɏɏ ɜ Ʌɟɳɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ɇ Ⱥ Ɉɛ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɦ Ʉɚɡɚɪɫɤɢɦ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱥɞɦɢɪɚɥɬɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɚɪɯɢɜɨɜ Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤ ȱ ɍ Ɋɚɡɜɿɰɰɺ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɝɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɡ ɭɥɿɤɚɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɞɵɯɨɞɚʆ ɞɚ ɷɤɚɧɨɦɿɤɿ ʆ ± ɹ ɝɝ ɧɚ ɩɪɵɤɥɚɞɡɟ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ Ɇɹɫɧɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ ȼ Ʌɟɨɧɩɨɥɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ Ɉɪɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ ɋ ɋɜɢɫɬɭɧɨɜɚ ȿ Ƚ Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɭɥ Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ɭɥ ɉɨɞɜɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɉɚʆɥɨɜɿɱ Ɇ ɇɨɜɵɹ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɤɿ ɩɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɉɨɞɥɢɩɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ Ɇ Ɇɭɡɟɣɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɤɨɦɢɫɫɚɪ ɉɨɬɪɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ ɋ ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɏȱɏ ± ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ ɋɿʆɤɨ Ɏ ȱ ©Ʉɭɛɚª ± ɥɸɛɨʆ ɦɚɹ« ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ ɘɪɱɚɤ Ⱦ ȼ Ⱥɫɚɛɥɿɜɚɫɰɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ʆɥɿɤɭ ɩɨɦɧɿɤɚʆ ɚɪɯɟɚɥɨɝɿɿ ʆ Ȼɟɲɚɧɤɨɜɿɰɤɿɦ ɿ ɒɭɦɿɥɿɧɫɤɿɦ ɪɚɺɧɚɯ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ
444
ɊɗɅȱȽȱɃɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ Ⱦɨɥɦɚɬɨɜɚ ȿ ɇ ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ©ɏɪɚɦɵ Ⱥɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɢª ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ ȿɪɦɚɥɺɧɚɤ ȼ Ⱥ ɘɡɷɮ Ȼɚɪɨɞɡɿɱ ± ɧɹɫɬɨɦɧɵ ɛɭɞɚʆɧɿɤ ɫɜɹɬɵɧɹʆ Ʉɚɪɩɟɤɿɧ Ʉ Ɋ ɉɚʆɫɹɞɡɺɧɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɯ ɫɹɥɹɧ ɩɚʆɧɨɱɧɚ ʆɫɯɨɞɧɹɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ʆ ɏȱɏ ± ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɏɏ ɫɬ ɩɪɚɡ ɩɪɵɡɦɭ ɦɟɬɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɧɿɝ ɿ ɲɥɸɛɧɵɯ ɜɨɛɵɫɤɚʆ ɍɪɭɛɥɟʆɫɤɿ ȼ ȼ Ʉɭɛɥɿɰɤɿ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵ ɩɪɵɯɨɞ Ʌɟɩɟɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɚɜɟɬɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ʆ ɦɟɬɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɧɿɝɚɯ ɫɹɪɷɞɡɿɧɵ ɏȱɏ ɫɬ ɞɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɚɞɡɿɦɵ ɿ ɝɟɧɟɚɥɨɝɿɿ ɪɨɞɭ ȼɚɫɿɥɹ Ȼɵɤɚɜɚ ɏɦɹɥɶɧɿɰɤɚɹ Ʌ ɍ Ʌɚɬɵɝɚʆɫɤɿɹ ɚɛɪɚɡɵ ɡ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɵ ɭɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɟɧɧɟ ɩɚɯɨɞɠɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɛɵɬɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɥɟɤɰɵɿ ɞɚ ɝ ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ©Ⱦɡɟ ɹɧɵ ɜɚɲɵ ɡɜɚɧɵ"ª
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ɅȱɌȺɊȺɌɍɊɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ ɗɌɇȺȽɊȺɎȱə ɎȺɅɖɄɅɈɊ Ⱥɥɹɤɫɟɟɜɚ Ɍ ɍ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɚ ʆ ɠɵɰɰɿ ɿ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɍɥɚɞɡɿɦɿɪɚ Ʉɚɪɚɬɤɟɜɿɱɚ Ȼɚɪɨʆɤɚ ȼ ɘ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿɹ ɪɷɚɥɿɿ ɯ ɝɝ ɭ ɚɩɚɜɹɞɚɧɧɿ ©Ɂɜɚɪɨɬª əɧɤɿ ɇɺɦɚɧɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɤɫɿɹɥɨɝɿɹ ɩɟɪɚɯɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɭ Ƚɥɚɞɤɨɜɚ Ƚ Ⱥ Ⱥɞɥɸɫɬɪɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɤɪɚɿɧɵ ɩɪɚɡ ɥɺɫ ɫɹɦ¶ɿ ʆ ɪɚɦɚɧɟ Ɍ ə ɉɚɩɿ ©:QXNLª Ʉɭɥɢɧɨɤ Ɉ ɂ ɀɚɧɪɨɜɨ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ ± ɯ ɝɝ ȼ ȼ Ȼɵɤɨɜɚ ɢ ȼ ɉ Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ Ʌɟɨɧɟɧɤɨ ɋ ɉ Ⱥɜɬɨɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɱɟɪɤ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɱɚɧɟª ɂɜɚɧɚ Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜɢɱɚ ɀɢɝɭɧɨɜɚ Ɇɿɲɵɧɚ ȼ ȱ Ɋɵɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɿɦɜɚɥɿɱɧɵɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɵɿ ɦɨɥɚɞɡɿ ʆ ɬɪɚɞɵɰɵɣɧɵɦ ɜɹɫɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɛɪɚɞɡɟ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɵ ɿ ɫɭɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɷɝɿɺɧɚʆ ɇɚɜɚɫɟɥɶɰɚɜɚ Ƚ ȼ Ɋɚɦɚɧ ɷɫɷ Ʉɚɫɬɭɫɹ ɐɜɿɪɤɿ ©ȼɨʆɱɚɹ ɜɵɫɩɚª ʆ ɤɚɧɬɷɤɫɰɟ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɚɣ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ ɋ ɇ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ Ƚɨɪɨɞɨɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɋɢɥɢɧɚ Ⱥ ȼ ɉɨɷɡɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɫɩɟɪɚɧɬɨ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ ©ȺOHWHUQDOXPRª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɤɿ Ɂɜɟɫɬɤɿ ɩɪɚ ɚʆɬɚɪɚʆ
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ɇɚɜɭɤɨɜɚɟ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɟ
ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ɄɊȺɃ Ɍ Ɇɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ
Ɋɷɞɚɤɬɚɪɵ ɇ ə Ⱥɧɚɩɪɷɟɧɤɚ Ⱥ Ɇ Ƚɚɥɿɧɨʆɫɤɚɹ Ⱦɵɡɚɣɧ ɜɨɤɥɚɞɤɿ Ɍ ɋ Ƚɭɡɟɧɨɤ Ʉɚɦɩ¶ɸɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɺɪɫɬɤɚ Ⱦ ȼ Ɇɚɤɚɪɷɜɿɱɚ
ɉɚɞɩɿɫɚɧɚ ʆ ɞɪɭɤ Ɏɚɪɦɚɬ ɯ 1 Ƚɚɪɧɿɬɭɪɚ 7LPHV 1HZ 5RPDQ Ʌɿɱɛɚɜɵ ɞɪɭɤ ɍɦɨʆɧ ɞɪɭɤ ɚɪɤ ɍɥɿɤ ɜɵɞ ɚɪɤ Ɍɵɪɚɠ ɷɤɡ Ɂɚɤɚɡ ȼɵɞɚɜɟɰ ɿ ɩɚɥɿɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚɟ ɜɵɤɚɧɚɧɧɟ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿª ɉɚɫɜɟɞɱɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɪɷɝɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿ ɜɵɞɚʆɰɚ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɰɚ ɪɚɫɩɚʆɫɸɞɠɜɚɥɶɧɿɤɚ ɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹʆ ʋ ɚɞ ɉɚɫɜɟɞɱɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɪɷɝɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿ ɜɵɞɚʆɰɚ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɰɚ ɪɚɫɩɚʆɫɸɞɠɜɚɥɶɧɿɤɚ ɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹʆ ʋ ɚɞ ɉɪ ɇɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ Ɇɿɧɫɤ Ɍɷɥ Ɏɚɤɫ ( PDLO HGLW#QOE E\
Колокол на выставке. Фото, 2006 г.
Римас Генюшас (1920–2012)
Развертка и прорисовка надписей на колоколе.
Прорисовка герба мещан Вавул
Местонахождение церкви Св. Петра на плане Витебска к. XVIII в.
М. Бренштейн 1874-1938 Публикации М. Бренштейна
Костел Св. Михаила в Вильнюсе
Открытка начала ХХ в. и современный вид
Часовня на кладбище Расу в Вильнюсе
Открытка начала ХХ в. и современный вид
Захоронение матери и сердца Ю. Пилсудского на кладбище Расу
Церемония захоронения останков К. Калиновского и участников восстания 1863 г. в часовне кладбища Расу. 2019 г.