ȾɁəɊɀȺȸɇȺə ȸɋɌȺɇɈȼȺ ©ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȺə ȺȻɅȺɋɇȺə ȻȱȻɅȱəɌɗɄȺ ȱɆə ɍ ȱ ɅȿɇȱɇȺª ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼȺ ȺȾɍɄȺɐɕȱ ©ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ȾɁəɊɀȺȸɇɕ ȸɇȱȼȿɊɋȱɌɗɌ ȱɆə ɉ Ɇ ɆȺɒɗɊȺȼȺª ɄȺɎȿȾɊȺ ȽȱɋɌɈɊɕȱ ȻȿɅȺɊɍɋȱ
ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ɄɊȺɃ Ɍ Ɇɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ
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Ɋɷɰɷɧɡɟɧɬɵ ɞɵɪɷɤɬɚɪ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɝɚ ɮɿɥɿɹɥɚ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɵ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ɩɪɚɮɫɚɸɡɚʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ©Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ³ɆȱɉɋȺ´ª ɤɚɧɞɵɞɚɬ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɤ ɞɚɰɷɧɬ Ⱥ Ʌ Ⱦɡɹɞɡɿɧɤɿɧ ɧɚɦɟɫɧɿɤ ɞɵɪɷɤɬɚɪɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɝɚ ɮɿɥɿɹɥɚ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɵ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ɩɪɚɮɫɚɸɡɚʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ©Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ³ɆȱɉɋȺ´ª ɤɚɧɞɵɞɚɬ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɤ ɞɚɰɷɧɬ ȱ ɍ ɇɿɤɚɥɚɟɜɚ Ɋɷɞɚɤɰɵɣɧɚɹ ɤɚɥɟɝɿɹ Ɍ Ɇ Ⱥɞɚɦɹɧ ɝɚɥ ɪɷɞ ȼ Ɇ Ʉɚɦɟɧɞɚɧɬɚɜɚ Ʌ ȱ Ɋɚɝɚɱɨɜɚ ȼ Ɇ Ⱥʆɫɹɧɧɿɤɚɜɚ Ⱥ Ɇ ȼɚɫɿɥɟʆɫɤɚɹ Ⱥ ȼ ȱɝɧɚɰɟɧɤɚ ɇ ȼ Ɏɟɧɱɚɧɤɚ На вокладцы ± ©ȼɚɟɧɧɵ ɫɚɥɸɬ ɭ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɭª ɮɨɬɚ ə ȱ Ɋɭɦɤɿɧɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱ ɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ɿɦɹ ɉ Ɇ Ɇɚɲɷɪɚɜɚª Ʉɚɮɟ ɞɪɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɪɷɞɤɚɥ Ɍ Ɇ Ⱥɞɚɦɹɧ ɝɚɥ ɪɷɞ >ɿ ɿɧɲ @ ± Ɇɿɧɫɤ ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ± Ɍ ± > @ ɫ ,6%1 ɍ ɬ ɲɬɨɝɚɞɨɜɚɝɚ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɭɜɚɣɲɥɿ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɹɤɚɹ ɚɞɛɵɥɚɫɹ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ɭ Ⱦɍ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ȼɵɞɚɧɧɟ ɚɞɪɚɫɚɜɚɧɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚɦ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚɦ ɚɪɯɿɜɿɫɬɚɦ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɰɚɦ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚɪɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɭɫɿɦ ɯɬɨ ɰɿɤɚɜɿɰɰɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɹɣ ɪɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɍȾɄ Ɋ
ȻȻɄ Ȼɟɢ ȼɢɬ ,6%1 Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿª
ɉɊȺȾɆɈȼȺ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ɭ Ⱦɍ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ɚɞɛɵɥɚɫɹ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɹ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ Ⱥɪɝɚɧɿ ɡɚɬɚɪɚɦɿ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɿɥɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ɿɦɹ ɉ Ɇ Ɇɚɲɷɪɚɜɚ Ⱦɥɹ ʆɞɡɟɥɭ ʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɚɞɚɞɡɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲ ɡɚ ɡɚɹɜɚɤ ɚɞ ɤɪɚɹ ɡɧɚʆɰɚʆ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚʆ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚʆ ɚɪɯɿɜɚʆ ɦɭɡɟɹʆ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤ ɜɵɲɷɣɲɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨʆ ɡ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ Ʌɚɬɜɿɿ Ɋɚɫɿɿ ɁɒȺ ɋɹɪɨɞ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɭɞɡɟɥɶɧɿɤɚʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɿ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɿ ɡ Ɇɿɧɫɤɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚ ɉɨɥɚɰɤɚ ɪɚɺɧɧɵɯ ɰɷɧɬɪɚʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ ɉɥɟɧɚɪɧɚɟ ɩɚɫɹɞɠɷɧɧɟ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧ ɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚ ɬɷɦɟ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɒɵɪɨɤɚɹ ɬɷɦɚɬɵɤɚ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵɯ ɞɚɤɥɚɞɚʆ ɡɚɤɪɚɧɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɧɚɫɬɚɣɧɵɹ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɿ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭ ɫɿ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɮɚɥɶɤɥɨɪɭ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ɍ Ɍ ɲɬɨɝɚɞɨɜɚɝɚ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɭɜɚɣɲɥɿ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɍ ɡɛɨɪɧɿɤɭ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɚʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɧɵ ɚʆɬɚɪɫɤɿ ɩɚɪɚɞɚɤ ɫɩɚɫɵɥɚɤ ɭ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɿɫɚɯ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɚ ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɚʆ ȼɵɞɚɧɧɟ ɚɞɪɚɫɚɜɚɧɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚɦ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚɦ ɚɪɯɿɜɿɫɬɚɦ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɰɚɦ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚɪɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɭɫɿɦ ɯɬɨ ɰɿɤɚɜɿɰɰɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɹɣ ɪɨɞ ɧɚɝɚ ɤɪɚɸ
3
ȾȺȼɈ ± Ɏ ȼɨɩ ɋɩɪ Ɂ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ± ©ɋɚɥɚɜɟɣ ɋɚɥɨɜɭɲɤɚª ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɥɿɫɬɚɩ ± ɋ Ɂɚɣɱɢɤ Ɇ Ɂɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɨɟ ɤɢɧɨ Ɇ Ɂɚɣɱɢɤ Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ± ± ɨɤɬ ± ɋ Ʉɿɧɨ ± ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɿɫɬɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɛɭɞɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɥɿɫɬɚɩ ± ɋ Ʉɿɧɨ © ɦɚɹª ɩɚɫɥɹ ɪɷɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɦɚɹ ± ɋ Ʉɧɿɝɚ ɚɛɚɧɟɧɬɚʆ ɬɷɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɰɹʆ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɝɨɞ ± ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ ± ɫ Ʉɨɬɨɜɢɱ Ɍ ȼ Ɋɟɤɨɪɞ ɋɩɚɪɬɚɤ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ɍ ȼ Ʉɨɬɨɜɢɱ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ȼȽɍ ɢɦ ɉ Ɇ Ɇɚɲɟɪɨɜɚ ± ɫ ɢɥ ɇȺɊȻ ± Ɏ ȼɨɩ ɋɩɪ Ɋɚɫɤɿɧ ɋ ȼɵɞɚɬɧɵ ɮɿɥɶɦ ɋ Ɋɚɫɤɿɧ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɱɷɪɜ ± ɋ Ɋɚɫɤɿɧ ɋ ɋɚɥɚɜɟɣ ɋɚɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ ɋ Ɋɚɫɤɿɧ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɥɿɫɬɚɩ ± ɋ Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɨɜ Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ± ± ɨɤɬ ± ɋ Ɋɭɞɧɿɰɤɿ ȱ Ⱥɱɵɫɰɿɰɶ ɤɿɧɚɬɷɚɬɪɵ ɚɞ ɩɥɟɫɟɧɿ ɿ ɝɧɿɥɿ ȱ Ɋɭɞɧɿɰɤɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɤɚɫɬɪ ± ɋ Ɍɷɚɬɪ ɿ ɤɿɧɨ ʆɜɚɣɲɥɿ ʆ ɛɵɬ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɥɿɫɬɚɩ ± ɋ Ɏ Ⱦ Ʉɿɧɨ © ɦɚɹª ɛɭɞɡɟ ɩɟɪɚɚɛɫɬɚɥɹɜɚɧɚ Ɏ Ⱦ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɥɿɫɬɚɩ ± ɋ
Ɇɹɫɨɟɞɨɜɚ ɋ ɇ ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ
ɒɄɈɅȺ ɘɊɂə ɉɗɇȺ ȾȺɌȺ ɈɌɄɊɕɌɂə ɂ ȺȾɊȿɋȺ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɘɪɢɹ ɘɞɟɥɹ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟ ɜɢɱɚ ɉɷɧɚ ± ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨ ɥɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɩɹɬɟɧ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ⱦɚɠɟ ɞɚɬɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɵ ɢ ɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ± ɝɝ ɇɚɞɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɹɹ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɢɟɡɞɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨ ɥɵ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɯ ɝɝ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɇ ɇ Ȼɨɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦ ©ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧ ɩɪɢɟɡɠɚɟɬ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɝɞɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɫɟɰɟɥɨ ɞɟɥɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟ 326
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɝ ɉɷɧ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɥ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫ ɫɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟª > @ ɉɨɱɬɢ ɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɞɢ ɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɧɨɣ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ȿ ɉ ɋɭɦɧɢɤ > @ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɞɚɬɵ ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɨɱɟɪɤɟ ɨɛ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɇ Ƚ Ɇɚɲɤɨɜ ɰɟɜɚ > ɫ @ ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨ ɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ > ɫ @ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ ± ɯ ɝɝ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɞɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɟɟ ɧɭɠ ɧɨ ɜɵɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɧɢɦɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɫɤɟ ɨɬ ɞɚɬɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɋɟɦɺɧɭ Ⱥɧ ɫɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɬ ɒɥɨɣɦɷ Ɂɚɧɜɢɥ ɋɨɥɨɦɨɧ Ɋɚɩɩɨɩɨɪɬ ± ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɭ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɝ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ©ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɉɷɧ ɩɨɫɟɥɢɥɫɹ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɝɞɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɥ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɲɤɨ ɥɭ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɥ ɭɠɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɥɟɬª > @ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɝ ȿɫɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɯ ɝɝ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɝ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ©ɂɫɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɝ ɥɟɬɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɂɁɈ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ ɨɡɧɚɦɟɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɬɨɪɠɟ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɦª > @ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɇ ɂ Ʉɚɫɩɟɪɨɜɢɱɚ ɨɬ ɦɚɹ ɝ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɊȺȻɂɋ ©ɋɺɥɟɬɚ ɚɞ ɛɵɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɚɰɵ ɜɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɝɚ ɦɚɫɬɚɤɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɲɬɨ ɛɹɫɩɪɷɱɧɚ ɬɪɷɛɚ ɚɞɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ ɫɜɹɬɤɚɜɚɧɧɟɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɲɭ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ ɸɛɿɥɟɣɧɭɸ ɤɚɦɿɫɿɸ ɿ ɩɚɱɚɰɶ ɩɪɚɰɭ ɩɚ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɸɛɿɥɟɸ ɿ ɸɛɿɥɟɣɧɚɣ ɜɵɫɬɚʆɤɿª > @ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɜɟɪɧɭɥɢɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɝ ɧɚ ȱȱ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɦ ɨɤɪɭɠ ɧɨɦ ɫɴɟɡɞɟ ɋɨɜɟɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɚɪɦɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɜ ɫɜɹ ɡɢ ɫ ɥɟɬɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ > ɥ @ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɝ ȼ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɨ ɫɴɟɡɞɟ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɝɚɡɟɬɟ ©Ɂɚɪɹ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚª ɫɨɨɛɳɚ ɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ©ɫɜɵɲɟ ɥɟɬª > @ ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɯ ɝɝ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɪɨɥɨɝɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɞɚɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɟɡɞɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝ > @ ɇɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ± ɯ ɝɝ ɜɨɡɪɨɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢ ɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɂ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɯ ɝɝ Ⱥ Ƚ Ʌɢɫɨɜɭ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɛ ɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɇɂȺȻ ©ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɭɠɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɫɤɟª ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ ɩɨ ©ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭª ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɬ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɝ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɛɨ ɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɝɨɞɭ > ɥ @ ɋɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ƚ ɂ Ʉɚɡɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ > ɫ @ ɇ Ⱥ Ƚɭɝɧɢɧɚ > ɫ @ 327
Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ Ɇ ɋ Ɋɵɜɤɢɧ ɢ Ⱥ Ʌ ɒɭɥɶɦɚɧ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɤ ɝ ɧɨ ɜ ɢɯ ɠɟ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɴ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢɡ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɯ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣª ɫɟɧ ɬɹɛɪɹ ɝ > ɫ @ Ʉ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɯ ɝɝ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɫɹ ɣ ɝ Ɂɚ ɦɟɬɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɣ ©ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɭɠɤɨɜª ɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɝ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ©ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɝɨɞɭª ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɝ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɚ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɯ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɹɯª ɡɚ ɢ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɝ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɢ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ Ȼɟɥɟɧɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɨ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɡɜɨɥɹɥɨ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɝ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɞɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢ ɨɬɛɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɝ Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ > ɫ @ ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɞɚɬɭ ɩɨɦɨɝɥɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ ɚɜ ɝɭɫɬɚ ɝ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɟɬɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤª ɩɨɹɜɢ ɥɨɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ©ɏɍȾɈɀɇɂɄ ɘ ɉȿɇ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɬ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɜ ɫɤɨɪɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɄɅȺɋɋɕ ɊɂɋɈȼȺɇɂə ɀɂȼɈɉɂɋɂ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɤ ɩɪɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɭɸ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɀɟɥɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɫɹɬ ɡɚɛɥɚɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ ɝ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɭ ɉɟɧɭª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɡɚ ɞɜɚ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɭɞɭɳɭɸ ɲɤɨɥɭ ©ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦɢª ɢ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɬɟɩɪɢɢɦɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɉɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ Ɉɛ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ ȼ Ⱥ Ʌɟɜɚ ɲɨɜɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɧɨ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɠɢɥ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɦɟ ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɯɨɬɹ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥ ɇ ɇ Ȼɨɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣ ©Ƚɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɘɪɢɹ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɢɱɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɥ ɜ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɦ ɞɨɦɟ ɨɫɨ ɛɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɭ ɇɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɘɪɢɣ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɢɱ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤ ɤ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɭ ɧɨ ɧɢ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɤɭɲɚɧɶɸ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɭɥɫɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɹ ɢɯ ɬɪɟɮɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɱɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɉɨ ɫɥɟ ɠɟ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤɚ ɨɧ ɩɨɫɥɚɥ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɚɤɟɹ ɡɚ ɤɭɲɚɧɶɟɦ ɜ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɭɸ Ƚɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɥ ɘɪɢɹ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɢɱɚ ɢɡ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɢ ɨɧ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ Ɉɬ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥ ɡɚɤɚɡɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɥ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɠɟ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦª > @ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɦ ɩɪɨ ɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɫɬɚɥ ɞɨɦ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ 328
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɥɟɤɭ ɨɬ ɋɨɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɭɥ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɩɥ ɋɜɨɛɨɞɵ ȼ ɝ ɭɥɢɰɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫ ©Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɥɢɰɚ ʋ ª ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɟ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɍɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢ ɹɯ ɧɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨ ɫɧɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɫɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɭ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ1 ɇɚɱɧɟɦ ɫ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɦɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ Ȼɟ ɥɟɧɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɫ ɉɨɤɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟɣ ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɋɨɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɉɨ ɤɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɥ ɒɭɛɢɧɚ ɇɨ ɭɠɟ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɝ ɜ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɹɯ ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ©ɒɤɨɥɚ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ Ⱥɤɚɞɟ ɦɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜ Ɇ ɘ ɉɷɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ Ɂɚɞɭɧɨɜɫɤɭɸ ɭɥɢɰɭ ɜ ɞɨɦ Ⱦɪɨɡ ɞɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ± ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟ ɠɟ Ɉ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɲɭ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜ ɧɨ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɱɚɫ ɭɬɪɚª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ > @ Ⱦɨɦ Ⱦɪɨɡɞɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥ ɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɭɥ Ɂɚɞɭɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɪ Ɏɪɭɧɡɟ ɧɨ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɢɰɟ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɭɥ Ɂɚɞɭɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧ ɧɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɥɫɹ ɢ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɝ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ©ɒɤɨɥɚ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɯɭ ɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜ ɘ Ɇ ɉɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɭɸ ɭɥɢɰɭ ɜ ɞɨɦ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧɚ Ɂɚ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟ ɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɪɟɞɚɦ ɢ ɩɹɬɧɢɰɚɦ ɫ ɱɚɫ ɭɬɪɚ ɞɨ ɱ ɞɧɹ ɚ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɧɢ ± ɫ ɞɨ ɱ ɭɬɪɚª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ > @ Ɉ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɡɚ ɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɜ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ > @ ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɫ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧ Ƚɚɥɟɪɟɢ ɢɦ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɤ ©Ⱦɚɦɚ ɫ ɦɭɮɬɨɣª > @ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ©ɉɨɪɬɪɟɬ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧ ɫ ɦɭɮ ɬɨɣª ɢ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɝ > @ Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɤɚɤ ©ɉɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɢª > @ ȼ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɟ ©ȼɫɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹª ɝ ɫ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɹ ©Ƚɥɚɡɟɪɢɹɧ ɂɨɫɟɥɶ ȿɥɶɟɜ ɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɭɞɚ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɭɥ ɫɛ ɞ ª > @ ȼ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɝ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɦɢɥɢ ɟɣ ©ɉɈɋɍȾȺ «! Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧ ɂɨɫɟɥɶ ȿɥɶɟɜ ȼɨɤɡɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞ Ʉɨɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɛ ɞ ª > @ 1 Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɫ ɩɨ ɝ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧɚ ɫɦ Ɇɹɫɨɟɞɨɜɚ ɋ Ɇɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɘ ɉɷɧɚ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɋ Ɇɹɫɨɟɞɨɜɚ ȼ ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ɒɚɝɚɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ± Ɇɢɧɫɤ ɇɚɰ ɛ ɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ± ȼɵɩ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ;;9, ɢ ;;9,, ɒɚɝɚɥɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ± ± ɋ ± ɧɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ȼ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ ± ©ɉɟɧª ɢ ©ɉɷɧª
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ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɭ ɇɂȺȻ ɘ ɇ ɋɧɚɩɤɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɜ ©ɉɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɤɭɩɰɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɳɚɧ ɝɨɪ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚª ɡɚ ɝ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɨ ɫɟɦɶɟ ȿɥɶɢ Ʌɟɣɛɨɜɢɱɚ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧɚ ɭɦɟɪ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɝ ɢ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɵɧɚ ± ȿɫɟɥɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɝ Ɉ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɟɦɶɢ ȿɫɟɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɟɧɚ Ʌɟɹ ± ɥɟɬ ɞɨɱɟɪɢ Ȼɚɫɹ ɪɨɞ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɝ Ƚɢɫɹ ɪɨɞ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝ Ɏɪɟɣɞɚ ɪɨɞ ɦɚɹ ɝ ɇɟɯɚɦɚ ɪɨɞ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɝ ɗɫɬɟɪ ɪɨɞ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɝ Ⱦɜɨɣɪɚ ɪɨɞ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɝ Ȼɚɲɟɜɚ ɪɨɞ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɝ Ⱦɢɧɹ ɪɨɞ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝ ɫɵɧɨɜɶɹ Ƚɢɥɹ Ɇɨɜɲɚ ɗɥɬɟɣ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɝ ɫɟɦɶɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɣ ɝɢɥɶɞɢɢ ɤɭɩ ɰɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɝ ɩɪɢɱɢɫɥɟɧɚ ɜ ©ɩɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɠɟª > ɥ ɨɛ ± @ ȼ ɩɪɢɡɵɜɧɨɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɤɭɩɰɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɳɚɧ ɩɨ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɭ ɡɚ ɝ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɫɹ ɫɵɧ ɩɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɩɰɚ ɗɥɶɹ ɂɨɫɟɥɟɜɢɱ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧ ɝ ɪ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ ɨɬɰɚ ɧɚ ɭɥ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɛɪɚɬɶɹ Ƚɢɥɹ ɝɨɞɚ Ɇɨɜɲɚ ɥɟɬ > ɥ ɨɛ ± @ Ɍɨɱɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɞɨɦɚ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ Ƚɨ ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ȼ ©ɀɭɪɧɚɥɟ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɞɨɬɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɢɰɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɡɚ ɝ ª ɡɧɚɱɢɬɫɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɩɨɫɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚ Ɇ ɂ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚ ± ɭɥ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɞ > ɥ @ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɦɚ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣ ɧɵ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɠɢɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɦ ȼ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɀȺɄɌɚ ʋ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ ɝ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ ɐɊɄ ɢ ɤɥɭɛ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ > ɥ ɨɛ @ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɨ ɫɜɨɣ ɨɛ ɥɢɤ ɞɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɟɝɨ ɚɞɪɟɫ ± ɭɥ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɞ ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɫɫɚ Ⱦɨɦɚ ɤɢɧɨ ȼ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ ɝ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɨ ɫɦɟɧɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ©Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɘ Ɇ ɉɟɧɚ ɧɚɱɧɭɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɉɪɢɟɦ ɫ ɱɚɫ ɭɬɪɚ ɞɨ ɱɚɫɚ ɞɧɹ Ȼɢɛɤɢɧ ɩɟɪ ɞ Ƚɢɧɡɛɭɪɝɚª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ > @ ɗɬɨɬ ɞɨɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɥɟɤɭ ɨɬ ɞɨɦɚ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɥ ə Ʉɭɩɚɥɵ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɭɥ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ > @ ɋɩɭɫɬɹ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɟɬɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɫª ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟ ɧɢɟ ©ɒɤɨɥɚ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ Ɇ ɘ ɉɷɧɚ ɋɨɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɨ ɳɚɞɶ ɞɨɦ ȼɢɲɧɹɤɚ ɉɪɢɟɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɞɨ ɱɚɫ ɜɟɱɟɪɚª > @ ȼɫɤɨ ɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨ ©Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɸ Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ
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ɩɪɢ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɘ ɉɟɧɚ Ɉɛ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɞɨ ɱɚɫɚ ɞɧɹ ɋɨɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɞ ȼɢɲɧɹɤɚ ª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ > @ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ ɝ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɛɨɝɚɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɤɭɩɰɚ ɣ ɝɢɥɶɞɢɢ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɹ ȼɭɥɶɮɨɜɢɱɚ ȼɢɲɧɹɤɚ Ɏɪɚɝ ɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɜɟɫɤɢ ©ɒɤɨɥɵ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɉɷɧɚª ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢ ɞɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɤɨɧɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɞɨɦɚ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɭ ɭɥ Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɥ ɋɨɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɩɚɪɟ ©ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɛɨɪª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ ɂ ȼ ȼɢɲɧɹɤ ɜɥɚɞɟɥ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɭ ɭɥ Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɥ ɋɨɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɠɢ ɥɵɦɢ ɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɤɚɦɢ ɜɨ ɞɜɨɪɟ ɑɟɪɟɞɚ ɮɚɫɚɞɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɭɥ Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɞɪɟɫ ± ɞɨɦ ʋ > ɥ ɢ ɨɛ ɥ @ ȿɫɥɢ ɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɞɚɬɟ ɭɱɟɛɵ Ɇɚɪɤɚ ɒɚɝɚɥɚ ɭ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ± ɝ ± ɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ ©Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ ª ɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɭɥɢɰɵ ɇɨ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɝ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ©ɒɤɨɥɚ ɪɢɫɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɉɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɞɨɦ ɋɥɭɰɤɨɝɨ ɩɨ Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜ ɫɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟ ȼ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɱɟɪɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɞɨ ɱ ɞɧɹª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ ɮɨɬɚ > @ Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɥ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɦ Ƚɥɟɡɟɪɦɚɧɚ Ɇɟɦɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɤɚ ɭɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ©ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢª ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ Ⱥɧ ɫɤɢɣ ɋ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧ ɋ Ⱥɧ ɫɤɢɣ >ɋ Ⱥ Ɋɚɩɩɨɩɨɪɬ@ ɇɨɜɵɣ ȼɨɫɯɨɞ ± ± ʋ ± ɋɬɛ ± Ȼɨɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɇ ɇ ɘɪɢɣ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɢɱ ɉɷɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɇ ɇ Ȼɨɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ± ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ ȿɞ ɯɪ >ȼ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɘ ɉɟɧɚ «@ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ȼɈɄɆ ± Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ Ʉɉ ʋ ȼɈɄɆ ± Ʉɉ ʋ ȼɈɄɆ ± Ʉɉ ȼɈɄɆ ± ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ ʋ ȼɫɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ Ɋɭɫ ɤɧ ɩɪɨɦ ɫɬɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɫɟɥ ɯɨɡ ɜɚ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɪɝ ɩɪɨɦ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɶ Ɋɨɫ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ± ɋɚɧɤɬ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ Ⱥ ɋ ɋɭɜɨɪɢɧ ± Ɍ ± ɋ 331
ȼɫɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ Ɋɭɫ ɤɧ ɩɪɨɦ ɫɬɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɫɟɥ ɯɨɡ ɜɚ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɪɝ ɩɪɨɦ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɶ Ɋɨɫ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ± ɋɚɧɤɬ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ Ⱥ ɋ ɋɭɜɨɪɢɧ ± Ɍ ± ɋɬɛ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɴɟɡɞ ɋɨɜɟɬɨɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɵ ɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ Ɂɚɪɹ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ ± ± ɦɚɪɬɚ ʋ ± ɋ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ȽȺȼɬ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ ȽȺȼɬ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ ȽȺȼɬ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ Ƚɭɝɧɢɧ ɇ ɂɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɇ Ƚɭɝɧɢɧ ɒɚɝɚɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ,±9 ɒɚɝɚɥɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ± >ɪɟɞ ɫɨɫɬ Ⱦ ɋɢɦɚɧɨɜɢɱ@ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ɋ ± Ⱦɚɪɤɟɜɿɱ ɉ ɋɬɚɪɷɣɲɵ ɦɚɫɬɚɤ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɉ Ⱦɚɪɤɟɜɿɱ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɫɚɤ ʋ ± ɋ [Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɘ Ɇ ɉɟɧɚ «@ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟ ɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɂɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɂɁɈ ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ± ± ʋ ɚɩɪ ±ɦɚɣ ± ɋ ȱɰɵɝɿɧ Ⱥ Ȼɭɣɧɟɣɲɵ ɦɚɫɬɚɤ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ Ⱥ ȱɰɵɝɿɧ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɱɷɪɜ ʋ ± ɋ Ʉɚɡɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ ɏɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ $UWLVWV IURP 9LWHEVN ɂɟɝɭɞɚ ɉɷɧ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ Ƚ Ʉɚɡɨɜɫɤɢɣ ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɂɦɢɞɠ > @ ± > @ ɫ Ɇɚɲɤɨɜɰɟɜ + + ɂɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɢɢ ɇ ɇ Ɇɚɲɤɨ ɜɰɟɜ ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɢɢ ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ ± ɋ ± ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɇɂȺȻ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ ȿɞ ɯɪ ɇɂȺȻ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ ɇɂȺȻ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ >Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬ ɘ ɇ ɋɧɚɩɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ@ ɇɂȺȻ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ ɇɂȺȻ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ >Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬ ȿ Ƚ ɋɜɢɫɬɭɧɨɜɭ ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ@ ɇɂȺȻ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ ɥ ɩɥɚɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ Ɇ Ⱥ ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶ ɋɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɚ Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɚ Ɉɱɟɪɤɢ Ɇ Ⱥ Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ± > @ ɫ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧɚ ɫɨɫɬ Ʌ ɏɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɤɚɹ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧ ± ɜ ɩɪɢɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ƚɨɫ ɚɪɯɢɜ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɨɛɥ Ɇɭɡɟɣ Ɇɚɪɤɚ ɒɚɝɚɥɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ >ɫɨɫɬ ɇ ȼ ȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ ɪɟɞɤɨɥ Ʌ ȼ ɏɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɤɚɹ ɝɥ ɪɟɞ ɢ ɞɪ @ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ɋ ± Ɋɵɜɤɢɧ Ɇ Ɂɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɢɦɹ ɘɞɟɥɶ ɘɪɢɣ ɉɷɧ Ɇ ɋ Ɋɵɜɤɢɧ Ⱥ Ʌ ɒɭɥɶɦɚɧ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ± ɫ ɋɭɦɧɢɤ ȿ ɉ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧ ± ȿ ɉ ɋɭɦɧɢɤ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɢɹ ± ± ɦɚɪɬɚ ± ɋ [ɒɤɨɥɚ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ Ɇ ɘ ɉɷɧɚ@ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɫ ± ± ɚɜɝ ʋ ± ɋ ɚɜɝ ʋ ± ɋ ɚɜɝ ʋ ± ɋ ɚɜɝ 332
ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ [ɒɤɨɥɚ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ Ɇ ɘ ɉɷɧɚ@ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɫ ± ± ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ [ɒɤɨɥɚ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɉɷɧɚ@ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ [ɒɤɨɥɚ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜ ɘ Ɇ ɉɟɧɚ «@ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ [ɒɤɨɥɚ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜ ɘ Ɇ ɉɟɧɚ «@ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɘ Ɇ ɉɷɧ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɩɪɚɥɟɬɚɪɵɣ ± ± ɫɚɤ ʋ ± ɋ
ɋɟɪɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ ȼ ɝ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶ
©ɇȺɆ ȿɋɌɖ ɑȿɆ ȽɈɊȾɂɌɖɋəª ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ȼ ɂ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶ ɤɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɪɧɹɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɨɞɢ ɧɵ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɳɢɧɚ ɹɜɥɹ ɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɵɛɟɥɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɢ ɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɥɚɜɢɥɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɡɚ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɂɜɚɧ ɉɚɜɥɨ ɜɢɱ Ɇɟɥɟɠ ɂɜɚɧ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱ ɒɚɦɹɤɢɧ ɂɜɚɧ əɤɨɜɥɟɜɢɱ ɇɚɭɦɟɧɤɨ ɢ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ȿɝɨɪɨɜɢɱ Ɇɚɤɚɺɧɨɤ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟ ɞɢɹ ± ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɳɢɧɵ ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ ɜ ɝ Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟ ɞɚ ɭɪɨɠɟɧɰɚ ɝ ȼɚɫɢɥɟɜɢɱɢ Ɋɟɱɢɰɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɂ ə ɇɚɭɦɟɧɤɨ Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ 333
Ⱦɚɞɚɬɚɤ Ⱦɚ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɭ ɋ Ɇ Ɇɹɫɚɟɞɚɜɚɣ ȼ Ⱥ ɒɵɲɚɧɚɜɚ
Ɏɨɬɚ Ⱥɛ¶ɹɜɚ ʆ ɝɚɡɟɰɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤª ɠɧɿʆɧɹ
Ɏɨɬɚ Ⱥɛ¶ɹɜɚ ʆ ɝɚɡɟɰɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢª ɜɟɪɚɫɧɹ
Ɏɨɬɚ Ⱥɛ¶ɹɜɚ ʆ ɝɚɡɟɰɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢª ɜɟɪɚɫɧɹ
430
Ɏɨɬɚ Ⱥɛ¶ɹɜɚ ʆ ɝɚɡɟɰɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢª ɜɟɪɚɫɧɹ
Ɏɨɬɚ Ⱥɛ¶ɹɜɚ ʆ ɝɚɡɟɰɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢª ɜɟɪɚɫɧɹ
Ɏɨɬɚ Ⱥɛ¶ɹɜɚ ʆ ɝɚɡɟɰɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɫª ɠɧɿʆɧɹ
Ɏɨɬɚ Ʉɚɞɪ ɫɬɷɪɷɚɩɚɪɵ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ Ɇɿɤɚɥɚɟʆɫɤɿ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚɥɶɧɵ ɫɚɛɨɪª Ʉɚɧ ɯ ɝɝ
Ɏɨɬɚ Ⱥɛ¶ɹɜɚ ʆ ɝɚɡɟɰɟ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢª ɤɚɫɬɪɵɱɧɿɤɚ
431
ɁɆȿɋɌ ɉɪɚɞɦɨɜɚ
ȼəɅȱɄȺə ȺɃɑɕɇɇȺə ȼȺɃɇȺ ȾȺ ȽɈȾȾɁə ɉȿɊȺɆɈȽȱ Ⱥɧɢɫɶɤɨɜɢɱ Ɇ Ɇ ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ± ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ Ɇ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 11 ȼɨɸɲ Ɋ ȼ ȼɡɝɥɹɞ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɧɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɵ ± Ƚɚɣɞɭɤɨʆ Ʉ ɉ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɵ ± ɭɪɚɞɠɷɧɰɵ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚ Ⱦɟɞɸɥɢɧɚ Ʌ Ȼ ȼɟɥɢɤɚɹ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɣɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɚ ɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɛɚɡɵ ©ɉɚɦɹɰɶ ɉɨɥɚɱɱɵɧɵª Ⱦɟɦɟɧɬɶɟɜ ȼ Ɋ ɇɚ ɨɝɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɛɟɠɚɯ ± ɝɝ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɚɦ ɛɨɟɜ ɣ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɜɢɡɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ ȼ Ɏɪɭɧɡɟ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ Ɍ ɉ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɧɚɤɚɧɭɧɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ©Ȼɚɝɪɚɬɢɨɧª ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɛɚ ɩɚɪɬɢɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɉɨɥɨɬɱɢɧɵ ± ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ Ʉɭɤɫɺɧɚɤ Ɇ ȼ Ⱦɚɥɺɤɿ ɱɚɫ ɬɪɵɜɨɠɧɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɬɵ« ɡ ɜɨɩɵɬɭ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɵɿ ʆɫɩɚɦɿɧɚʆ ɚɛ ɜɚɣɧɟ Ʌɹɝɚɟɜɚ ə Ⱦ ɗɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ©ɩɨɯɨɪɨɧɤɚª ɜɨɣɧɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ ɋ ɉ ɇɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɢɥɢ Ɋɹɞɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɇɿɤɿɰɿɧɚ Ʌ Ʉ Ɂɚɪɨɧɚɜɚ ɩɨɦɧɿɰɶ ɩɪɚ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɝɟɪɨɹʆ ɡɟɦɥɹɤɨʆ ɇɨɜɚɤ Ƚ Ƚ ȼɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɷɪɨɤɥɭɛɚ ± Ƚɟɪɨɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ Ɉɥɟɮɢɪɟɧɤɨ Ɇ Ʉ ɋɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɨ ɪɚɡɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ± ɯ ɝɝ ɉɿɜɚɜɚɪ Ɇ ȼ Ɂɚɯɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɩɚɦɹɰɿ ɩɪɚ ɩɚɞɡɟɿ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿɦ ɪɚɺɧɟ ɦɿɧɭɥɚɟ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɚɟ ɛɭɞɭɱɚɟ Ɋɭɦɚɤɨ ȿ ȼ ɉɪɨɟɤɬ Ⱥɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ɇ Ʉ Ʉɪɭɩɫɤɨɣ ©ɋɨɪɨɤ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ± ɫɨɪɨɤ ɩɹɬɵɣ Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨ ɜɨɣɧɟª ɤɚɤ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɋɬɪɢɠɧɟɜɚ ȿ Ⱥ ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ȼ ɂ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɋɭɦɤɨ ȿ ȼ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɍɢɬɨɜɚ ɇ ɂ ɂɦɟɧɟɦ ɒɪɚɞɟɪɚ Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɨɜɚ ɂ ȼ Ʉɭɪɝɚɧ Ȼɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɹ ± ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɒɚɰɤɢɣ Ɋ ȼ ɑɟɬɜɟɪɨɧɨɝɢɟ ɛɨɣɰɵ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɢɧɧɨ ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɟ ± 443
ɒɤɥɹɪ ɉ Ⱥ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ȼɢɝɨɫɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɨɜɟɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɘɩɚɬɨɜ Ⱥ ɇ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ± ɝɝ
ȽȱɋɌȺɊɕɑɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ Ⱥɪɥɨɜɚ Ⱥ Ƚ Ɂ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɚɱɷɣɤɚɜɚ Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ Ʌ Ʌɸɞɢ ɢ ɬɚɧɤɢ ɩɨɥɤɨɜɧɢɤɚ Ⱥɦɦɨɫɨɜɚ ɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ȼɚɪɚɧɨʆɫɤɿ Ⱥ ȼ Ⱥɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɿ ɩɚɜɹɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɥɚɞ ɞɚ ɡɦɟɧɵ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɩɪɵɧɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ʆ ɫɹɪɷɞɡɿɧɟ ɝ ± ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɝ ȼɚɫɢɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ ȼ ȼ ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ Ɏɟɞɨɪɚ Ɇɚɯɧɨɜɚ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɋɆɂ ȼɨɞɧɟɜɚ ɂ ɉ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɯ ɝɝ Ƚɚɣɞɭɤɨʆ Ʉ ɉ Ƚɟɪɨɿ Ɋɚɫɿɣɫɤɚɣ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ± ɭɪɚɞɠɷɧɰɵ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ Ⱦɚɜɢɞɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ɉ ɇ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ Ⱦɨɦɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɹ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ Ⱦɚɲɤɟɜɿɱ Ⱥ Ƚ ɒɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɹ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ɩɚɞɱɚɫ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɚ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ± ɀɭɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ ȼ Ʉɪɚɟɜɟɞɵ Ɉɪɲɚɧɳɢɧɵ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ȿ ȼ ȿɜɪɟɢ ɢ ɜɨɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ȼɨɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɬɨɥɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɏɏ ɜ Ʌɟɳɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ɇ Ⱥ Ɉɛ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɦ Ʉɚɡɚɪɫɤɢɦ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱥɞɦɢɪɚɥɬɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɚɪɯɢɜɨɜ Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤ ȱ ɍ Ɋɚɡɜɿɰɰɺ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɝɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɡ ɭɥɿɤɚɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɞɵɯɨɞɚʆ ɞɚ ɷɤɚɧɨɦɿɤɿ ʆ ± ɹ ɝɝ ɧɚ ɩɪɵɤɥɚɞɡɟ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ Ɇɹɫɧɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ ȼ Ʌɟɨɧɩɨɥɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ Ɉɪɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ ɋ ɋɜɢɫɬɭɧɨɜɚ ȿ Ƚ Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɭɥ Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ɭɥ ɉɨɞɜɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɉɚʆɥɨɜɿɱ Ɇ ɇɨɜɵɹ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɤɿ ɩɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɉɨɞɥɢɩɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ Ɇ Ɇɭɡɟɣɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɤɨɦɢɫɫɚɪ ɉɨɬɪɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ ɋ ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɏȱɏ ± ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ ɋɿʆɤɨ Ɏ ȱ ©Ʉɭɛɚª ± ɥɸɛɨʆ ɦɚɹ« ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ ɘɪɱɚɤ Ⱦ ȼ Ⱥɫɚɛɥɿɜɚɫɰɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ʆɥɿɤɭ ɩɨɦɧɿɤɚʆ ɚɪɯɟɚɥɨɝɿɿ ʆ Ȼɟɲɚɧɤɨɜɿɰɤɿɦ ɿ ɒɭɦɿɥɿɧɫɤɿɦ ɪɚɺɧɚɯ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ
444
ɊɗɅȱȽȱɃɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ Ⱦɨɥɦɚɬɨɜɚ ȿ ɇ ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ©ɏɪɚɦɵ Ⱥɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɢª ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ ȿɪɦɚɥɺɧɚɤ ȼ Ⱥ ɘɡɷɮ Ȼɚɪɨɞɡɿɱ ± ɧɹɫɬɨɦɧɵ ɛɭɞɚʆɧɿɤ ɫɜɹɬɵɧɹʆ Ʉɚɪɩɟɤɿɧ Ʉ Ɋ ɉɚʆɫɹɞɡɺɧɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɯ ɫɹɥɹɧ ɩɚʆɧɨɱɧɚ ʆɫɯɨɞɧɹɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ʆ ɏȱɏ ± ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɏɏ ɫɬ ɩɪɚɡ ɩɪɵɡɦɭ ɦɟɬɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɧɿɝ ɿ ɲɥɸɛɧɵɯ ɜɨɛɵɫɤɚʆ ɍɪɭɛɥɟʆɫɤɿ ȼ ȼ Ʉɭɛɥɿɰɤɿ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵ ɩɪɵɯɨɞ Ʌɟɩɟɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɚɜɟɬɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ʆ ɦɟɬɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɧɿɝɚɯ ɫɹɪɷɞɡɿɧɵ ɏȱɏ ɫɬ ɞɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɚɞɡɿɦɵ ɿ ɝɟɧɟɚɥɨɝɿɿ ɪɨɞɭ ȼɚɫɿɥɹ Ȼɵɤɚɜɚ ɏɦɹɥɶɧɿɰɤɚɹ Ʌ ɍ Ʌɚɬɵɝɚʆɫɤɿɹ ɚɛɪɚɡɵ ɡ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɵ ɭɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɟɧɧɟ ɩɚɯɨɞɠɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɛɵɬɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɥɟɤɰɵɿ ɞɚ ɝ ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ©Ⱦɡɟ ɹɧɵ ɜɚɲɵ ɡɜɚɧɵ"ª
ɆȺɋɌȺɐɌȼȺɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇȺ ȺɋȼȿɌɇɕə ȸɋɌȺɇɈȼɕ ȸ ɋȱɋɌɗɆȿ ɋɍɑȺɋɇȺȽȺ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ Ƚɚʆɪɵɥɚɜɚ ɋ ȼ ȼɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɣɧɚɣ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɿ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɱɵɯ ɦɭɡɟɹʆ ɭ ɿɧɬɷɪɧɷɬ ɤɚɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɵɿ ɡ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɚɣ ɚʆɞɵɬɨɪɵɹɣ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɟ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɵɣ ɭ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɤɚɯ Ʉɨɩɬɢɥɢɧ ȿ Ⱥ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɞɚɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭɦɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɢɥɢɳɟ Ʉɨɬɨɜɢɱ Ɍ ȼ ɍɇɈȼɂɋ ± ɄȼȺȾɊȺɌ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ Ɍɢɦɨɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ ȼ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɜɨɢɧɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ©Ⱥɮɝɚɧɢɫɬɚɧ Ȼɟɡ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɜɟɧɢɟª ± ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨɛ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɜ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɯ ɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɏɏ ɜ Ʌɢɫɨɜ Ⱥ Ƚ ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɥɢɳɚ ɝɨɞ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ± Ɇɚɪɰɿɧɨɜɿɱ ɋ ȼ Ɂ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɤɿɧɚɬɷɚɬɪɚ ɿɦɹ Ɇɚɹ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɭ ʆ ± ɝɝ Ɇɹɫɨɟɞɨɜɚ ɋ ɇ ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ɒɤɨɥɚ ɘɪɢɹ ɉɷɧɚ ɞɚɬɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɋɟɪɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ ȼ ©ɇɚɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɱɟɦ ɝɨɪɞɢɬɶɫɹª ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ȼ ɂ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɋɿɧɹɤɨɜɚ Ʌ Ʉɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ʆ Ⱦɚʆɝɚʆɩɿɥɫɟ Ɏɿɥɿɦɨɧɚɜɚ ȼ Ⱥ Ʉɧɿɠɧɵɹ ɩɚɡɧɚɤɿ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɤɚɯ ɥɚɰɿɧɚ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɿɯ ɫɬɚɪɚɞɪɭɤɚʆ ɡ ɮɨɧɞɚʆ ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɉɨɥɚɰɤɚɝɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɝɚ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɡɚɩɚɜɟɞɧɿɤɚ
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ɅȱɌȺɊȺɌɍɊɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ ɗɌɇȺȽɊȺɎȱə ɎȺɅɖɄɅɈɊ Ⱥɥɹɤɫɟɟɜɚ Ɍ ɍ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɚ ʆ ɠɵɰɰɿ ɿ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɍɥɚɞɡɿɦɿɪɚ Ʉɚɪɚɬɤɟɜɿɱɚ Ȼɚɪɨʆɤɚ ȼ ɘ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿɹ ɪɷɚɥɿɿ ɯ ɝɝ ɭ ɚɩɚɜɹɞɚɧɧɿ ©Ɂɜɚɪɨɬª əɧɤɿ ɇɺɦɚɧɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɤɫɿɹɥɨɝɿɹ ɩɟɪɚɯɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɭ Ƚɥɚɞɤɨɜɚ Ƚ Ⱥ Ⱥɞɥɸɫɬɪɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɤɪɚɿɧɵ ɩɪɚɡ ɥɺɫ ɫɹɦ¶ɿ ʆ ɪɚɦɚɧɟ Ɍ ə ɉɚɩɿ ©:QXNLª Ʉɭɥɢɧɨɤ Ɉ ɂ ɀɚɧɪɨɜɨ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ ± ɯ ɝɝ ȼ ȼ Ȼɵɤɨɜɚ ɢ ȼ ɉ Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ Ʌɟɨɧɟɧɤɨ ɋ ɉ Ⱥɜɬɨɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɱɟɪɤ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɱɚɧɟª ɂɜɚɧɚ Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜɢɱɚ ɀɢɝɭɧɨɜɚ Ɇɿɲɵɧɚ ȼ ȱ Ɋɵɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɿɦɜɚɥɿɱɧɵɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɵɿ ɦɨɥɚɞɡɿ ʆ ɬɪɚɞɵɰɵɣɧɵɦ ɜɹɫɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɛɪɚɞɡɟ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɵ ɿ ɫɭɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɷɝɿɺɧɚʆ ɇɚɜɚɫɟɥɶɰɚɜɚ Ƚ ȼ Ɋɚɦɚɧ ɷɫɷ Ʉɚɫɬɭɫɹ ɐɜɿɪɤɿ ©ȼɨʆɱɚɹ ɜɵɫɩɚª ʆ ɤɚɧɬɷɤɫɰɟ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɚɣ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ ɋ ɇ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ Ƚɨɪɨɞɨɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɋɢɥɢɧɚ Ⱥ ȼ ɉɨɷɡɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɫɩɟɪɚɧɬɨ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ ©ȺOHWHUQDOXPRª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɤɿ Ɂɜɟɫɬɤɿ ɩɪɚ ɚʆɬɚɪɚʆ
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ɇɚɜɭɤɨɜɚɟ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɟ
ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ɄɊȺɃ Ɍ Ɇɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ
Ɋɷɞɚɤɬɚɪɵ ɇ ə Ⱥɧɚɩɪɷɟɧɤɚ Ⱥ Ɇ Ƚɚɥɿɧɨʆɫɤɚɹ Ⱦɵɡɚɣɧ ɜɨɤɥɚɞɤɿ Ɍ ɋ Ƚɭɡɟɧɨɤ Ʉɚɦɩ¶ɸɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɺɪɫɬɤɚ Ⱦ ȼ Ɇɚɤɚɪɷɜɿɱɚ
ɉɚɞɩɿɫɚɧɚ ʆ ɞɪɭɤ Ɏɚɪɦɚɬ ɯ 1 Ƚɚɪɧɿɬɭɪɚ 7LPHV 1HZ 5RPDQ Ʌɿɱɛɚɜɵ ɞɪɭɤ ɍɦɨʆɧ ɞɪɭɤ ɚɪɤ ɍɥɿɤ ɜɵɞ ɚɪɤ Ɍɵɪɚɠ ɷɤɡ Ɂɚɤɚɡ ȼɵɞɚɜɟɰ ɿ ɩɚɥɿɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚɟ ɜɵɤɚɧɚɧɧɟ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿª ɉɚɫɜɟɞɱɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɪɷɝɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿ ɜɵɞɚʆɰɚ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɰɚ ɪɚɫɩɚʆɫɸɞɠɜɚɥɶɧɿɤɚ ɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹʆ ʋ ɚɞ ɉɚɫɜɟɞɱɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɪɷɝɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿ ɜɵɞɚʆɰɚ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɰɚ ɪɚɫɩɚʆɫɸɞɠɜɚɥɶɧɿɤɚ ɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹʆ ʋ ɚɞ ɉɪ ɇɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ Ɇɿɧɫɤ Ɍɷɥ Ɏɚɤɫ ( PDLO HGLW#QOE E\
Список учебных мастерских и художественных кружков, расположенных в г. Витебске. 1904 г. НИАБ
Объявление об открытии школы Ю. Пэна в доме Беленького 15 сентября 1898 г.
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Объявления об открытии школы Ю. Пэна и вечерних курсов в доме Вишняка 27 авг. и 26 окт. 1906 г.
Объявление о переводе школы Ю. Пэна в дом Слуцкого 17 октября 1910 г.
1. 1898 г., авг. – дом губернатора 2. 1898 г., сент. – дом Беленького, ул.
Бол. Могилевская
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4. 1901 г., сент. – дом Глезермана, ул. Смоленская
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6. 1906 г., авг. – дом Вишняка, ул. Задуновская
7. 1910 г., окт. – дом Слуцкого, ул. Гоголевская