ȾɁəɊɀȺȸɇȺə ȸɋɌȺɇɈȼȺ ©ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȺə ȺȻɅȺɋɇȺə ȻȱȻɅȱəɌɗɄȺ ȱɆə ɍ ȱ ɅȿɇȱɇȺª ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼȺ ȺȾɍɄȺɐɕȱ ©ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ȾɁəɊɀȺȸɇɕ ȸɇȱȼȿɊɋȱɌɗɌ ȱɆə ɉ Ɇ ɆȺɒɗɊȺȼȺª ɄȺɎȿȾɊȺ ȽȱɋɌɈɊɕȱ ȻȿɅȺɊɍɋȱ
ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ɄɊȺɃ Ɍ Ɇɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ
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Ɋɷɰɷɧɡɟɧɬɵ ɞɵɪɷɤɬɚɪ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɝɚ ɮɿɥɿɹɥɚ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɵ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ɩɪɚɮɫɚɸɡɚʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ©Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ³ɆȱɉɋȺ´ª ɤɚɧɞɵɞɚɬ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɤ ɞɚɰɷɧɬ Ⱥ Ʌ Ⱦɡɹɞɡɿɧɤɿɧ ɧɚɦɟɫɧɿɤ ɞɵɪɷɤɬɚɪɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɝɚ ɮɿɥɿɹɥɚ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɵ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ɩɪɚɮɫɚɸɡɚʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ©Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ³ɆȱɉɋȺ´ª ɤɚɧɞɵɞɚɬ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɤ ɞɚɰɷɧɬ ȱ ɍ ɇɿɤɚɥɚɟɜɚ Ɋɷɞɚɤɰɵɣɧɚɹ ɤɚɥɟɝɿɹ Ɍ Ɇ Ⱥɞɚɦɹɧ ɝɚɥ ɪɷɞ ȼ Ɇ Ʉɚɦɟɧɞɚɧɬɚɜɚ Ʌ ȱ Ɋɚɝɚɱɨɜɚ ȼ Ɇ Ⱥʆɫɹɧɧɿɤɚɜɚ Ⱥ Ɇ ȼɚɫɿɥɟʆɫɤɚɹ Ⱥ ȼ ȱɝɧɚɰɟɧɤɚ ɇ ȼ Ɏɟɧɱɚɧɤɚ На вокладцы ± ©ȼɚɟɧɧɵ ɫɚɥɸɬ ɭ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɭª ɮɨɬɚ ə ȱ Ɋɭɦɤɿɧɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱ ɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ɿɦɹ ɉ Ɇ Ɇɚɲɷɪɚɜɚª Ʉɚɮɟ ɞɪɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɪɷɞɤɚɥ Ɍ Ɇ Ⱥɞɚɦɹɧ ɝɚɥ ɪɷɞ >ɿ ɿɧɲ @ ± Ɇɿɧɫɤ ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ± Ɍ ± > @ ɫ ,6%1 ɍ ɬ ɲɬɨɝɚɞɨɜɚɝɚ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɭɜɚɣɲɥɿ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɹɤɚɹ ɚɞɛɵɥɚɫɹ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ɭ Ⱦɍ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ȼɵɞɚɧɧɟ ɚɞɪɚɫɚɜɚɧɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚɦ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚɦ ɚɪɯɿɜɿɫɬɚɦ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɰɚɦ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚɪɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɭɫɿɦ ɯɬɨ ɰɿɤɚɜɿɰɰɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɹɣ ɪɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɍȾɄ Ɋ
ȻȻɄ Ȼɟɢ ȼɢɬ ,6%1 Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿª
ɉɊȺȾɆɈȼȺ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ɭ Ⱦɍ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿɧɚª ɚɞɛɵɥɚɫɹ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɹ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ Ⱥɪɝɚɧɿ ɡɚɬɚɪɚɦɿ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɿɥɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɚɛɥɚɫɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ ɿɦɹ ɍ ȱ Ʌɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ʆɧɿɜɟɪɫɿɬɷɬ ɿɦɹ ɉ Ɇ Ɇɚɲɷɪɚɜɚ Ⱦɥɹ ʆɞɡɟɥɭ ʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɚɞɚɞɡɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲ ɡɚ ɡɚɹɜɚɤ ɚɞ ɤɪɚɹ ɡɧɚʆɰɚʆ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚʆ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚʆ ɚɪɯɿɜɚʆ ɦɭɡɟɹʆ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤ ɜɵɲɷɣɲɵɯ ɧɚɜɭɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨʆ ɡ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ Ʌɚɬɜɿɿ Ɋɚɫɿɿ ɁɒȺ ɋɹɪɨɞ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɭɞɡɟɥɶɧɿɤɚʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɿ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɧɿɤɿ ɡ Ɇɿɧɫɤɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚ ɉɨɥɚɰɤɚ ɪɚɺɧɧɵɯ ɰɷɧɬɪɚʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ ɉɥɟɧɚɪɧɚɟ ɩɚɫɹɞɠɷɧɧɟ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧ ɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚ ɬɷɦɟ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɒɵɪɨɤɚɹ ɬɷɦɚɬɵɤɚ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵɯ ɞɚɤɥɚɞɚʆ ɡɚɤɪɚɧɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɧɚɫɬɚɣɧɵɹ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɿ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭ ɫɿ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɮɚɥɶɤɥɨɪɭ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ɍ Ɍ ɲɬɨɝɚɞɨɜɚɝɚ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɭɜɚɣɲɥɿ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɍ ɡɛɨɪɧɿɤɭ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɚʆ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɧɵ ɚʆɬɚɪɫɤɿ ɩɚɪɚɞɚɤ ɫɩɚɫɵɥɚɤ ɭ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɿɫɚɯ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɚ ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɚʆ ȼɵɞɚɧɧɟ ɚɞɪɚɫɚɜɚɧɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚɦ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɿɤɚɦ ɚɪɯɿɜɿɫɬɚɦ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɰɚɦ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚɪɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɭɫɿɦ ɯɬɨ ɰɿɤɚɜɿɰɰɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɹɣ ɪɨɞ ɧɚɝɚ ɤɪɚɸ
3
ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ
Ʉ ɂɋɌɈɊɂɂ ɂɁȾȺɇɂə ɉɅȺɇɈȼ ȼɂɌȿȻɋɄȺ ȼ ɇȺɑȺɅȿ ɏɏ ɜ ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ©ɉɪɨɝɭɥɤɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɣª ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞ ɧɹɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ > ɫ ± @ ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɝ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ©ɉɚɦɹɬɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɠɤɟ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝ ª ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɜ ɉɟɬɪɨɝɪɚɞɟ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɢɡɜɟɫɬ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɥɚɧ ɧɟ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ ©ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɜ ɝ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪ Ƚ Ⱥ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜª Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɢɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ± ©ɩɥɚɧ ɝ ª ɏɨɬɹ ɬɭɬ ɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɹ ©Ʌɢɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɤɚɪ ɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ1 ɉɟɬɪɨɝɪɚɞª ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ ɜ ɉɟɬɪɨɝɪɚɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɝ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɚɬɵ Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɤɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɏɏ ɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɝ ɜ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɯ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɹɯª ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɦ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɢ ɝɥɚɫ ɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɦɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɫɥɭɲɚɧ ɞɨ ɤɥɚɞ ɨ ©ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɢ ɛɵɜɲɢɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪɨɦ ɝ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɵɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨ ɪɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚª Ⱥɧɨɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɢ >11@ ɂɡ ©ɉɚɦɹɬɧɵɯ ɤɧɢɠɟɤ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢª ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɱɟɪɩɧɭɬɶ ɧɟɤɨ ɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ Ƚɚɜɪɢɢɥ Ⱥɪɬɟɦɶɟɜɢɱ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɪɨ ɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɦ ɛɚɬɚɥɶɨɧɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɠɢ > ɫ @ ɋ ɩɨ ɝ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪ ɢ ɬɚɤɫɚɬɨɪ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɦɵ > ɫ ɫ @ ɫ ɩɨ ɝ ± ɡɚ ɧɢɦɚɥ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪɚ > @ ȼ ɝɚɡɟɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɩɨɪɬɚɠɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɚɩɪɟɥɟ ɝ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɚ ɂ ɘ ɋɚɛɢɧ Ƚɭɫ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɥ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨ ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɝ Ƚɨɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɜɢɥ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪɭ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ©ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɞɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵª > ɫ @ ©Ɇɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɦɶª ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɚ ɢɫɯɨ ɞɚɬɚɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɜ Ⱦɭɦɟ ɪɭɛ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɩɥɚɧɚ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɞɨɝɨ Ɉɬɞɟɥ ɜɯɨɞɢɥ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɛɚ Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱦ Ɉ ȼɢɧɨɯɨɞɨɜɭ ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɦɨɣ
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ɜɨɪɢɥɫɹ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɛɪɚɬɶɟɜ ɉɨɞɡɟɦɫɤɢɯ ɨɛ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟ ɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɡɚ ɪɭɛ Ɍɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ Ƚɚɜɪɢɢɥ Ⱥɪɬɟɦɶɟɜɢɱ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪɚ ɧɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɟ ɥɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɫɱɢɬɚɥɚ ɧɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɪɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɭ ɥɢɛɨ ɟɳɟ ȼ ɢɸɧɟ ɝ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɜ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɢɥ ɜɵɞɚɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɪɭɛ ɧɨ ɜ ɜɵɞɚɱɟ ɞɟɧɟɝ ɟɦɭ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɥɢ əɜɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɟ ɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ ɉɨɞɡɟɦɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɹɜɢɥ ɱɬɨ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɥ ɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɩɥɚ ɧɨɜ ɡɚ ɪɭɛ ɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɢɥ ɜɵɞɚɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɋɚɛɢɧ Ƚɭɫ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɥ ɉɨɞɡɟɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɵ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɫ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɨɣ ɞɟɧɟɝ ɢɡ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ ɇɨ ɫɚɦ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɩɪɢɲɟɥ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɭɩɥɚɬɢɥ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɤɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɢɡ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ ɢ ɡɚɛɪɚɥ ɜɟɫɶ ɬɢɪɚɠ ɍɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥɚ ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɞɲɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɰɦɟɣɫɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɢɥɚ ɢɡɴɹɬɶ ɩɥɚ ɧɵ ɭ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɨ ɢɡ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜ ɧɨ ɛɵɜɲɢɣ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɜɵɞɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɢɪɚɠɚ ɩɪɢɝɪɨɡɢɜ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɨɪɭ ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜ ɨɛɜɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨ ɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɞɲɟɦ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɭ ɢ ɩɨɪɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɫɤ ɤ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɭ ɨɛ ©ɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɢª ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɭɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɥ ɞɟɥɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɩɨ ɨɛɜɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɤɥɟɜɟɬɟ ɉɪɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɡɚɤɪɭɱɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧ ɬɟɪɟɫ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɥɚɧɚɦɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɧɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɉɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ ɜ ©ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɹɯª ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɩɨɞ ɢɧɢ ɰɢɚɥɚɦɢ ©ɇ Ȼ ª ɇ ɇ Ȼɨɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣ" ɫ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɩɥɚɧɚ Ƚ Ⱥ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚ ©ɇɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɦɧɟ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɥɚɧ ɢ ɹ ɜɧɢɦɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɲɟɥ ɤ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɥɚɧ ɚ ɢɫɩɨɪɱɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɧ Ʉ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɫɬɶ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɥɢɰ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɵ Ɂɚ ɬɟɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵ ɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɶ ɉɪɢɜɨɠɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ Ʉɨɠɟɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɜɨ ɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ± ȼɨ ɣ ɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚ ȼɢɬɶɛɨɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ³Ʉɟɬɨɜɫɤɚɹ´ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɚɹ ɚ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɭɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɷɬɨ ³ɇɢɤɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ´ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɚɹ ± Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ³Ʉɟɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ´ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɨɤ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ³Ʉɫɬɨɜɫɤɢɦ´ ɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨ ɩɭɳɟɧɚ ³ɉɨɥɢɜɳɢɰɤɚɹ´ ɭɥɢɰɚ ȼɨ ɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɭɥ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɨɞ ʋ ³Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɧɚɝɨɝɚ´ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɧɚɝɨɝɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɋɭɜɨ
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Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɉɨɥɢɜɧɢɰɤɚɹ ɭɥɢɰɚ
ɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɛɵɜɲ Ɉɮɢɰɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɭɥ ɚ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɢ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɚ ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɇɚ ɉɟɫɤɨɜɚɬɢɤɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ³ɂɜɚɲɤɨɜɵ´ ɭɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɠɟ ɞɟɥɟ ɨɧɢ ³ɂɜɚɲɟɤɨɜɵ´ ± ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɚ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ȼɨɡɞɜɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ Ɋɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɪ ɯɨɬɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɧɨ ɜ ³Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɩɥɚɧɭ´ ɢɯ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟɬ Ɂɚɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɫɚɞ ³ȿɜɪɨɩɚ´ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɫɚɞɨɜɨɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɢɜɨɜɚɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɨɩɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɚɮɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ Ɂɚɱɟɦ ɠɟ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɧɟɦɢɥɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ" ȼɨ ɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɭɱɟɣ ³Ƚɚɩɟɟɜ´ ɨɬ ɞ Ƚɚɩɟɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɦ ɲɨɫɫɟ ɚ ɧɟ ³Ƚɚɩɨɧɨɜ´ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ȼ ɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɪɭɱɟɣ ɧɨ ɧɟɬ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ³əɧɨɜɫɤɢɦ´ ± Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɜ ɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɇɨɜɨ Ɇɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɫɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ³Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɚɹ´ ɭɥɢɰɚ ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧɚ ɨɬ ɛɥɢɠɚɣ ɲɟɝɨ ɛɚɡɚɪɚ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɯ ɜɟɪɫɬ ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɠɟ ³Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɚɹ´ ɭɥɢɰɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɢɣ ɛɚɡɚɪ ɫ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟɣ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɢ ɬ ɞ ª > @ Ɉɬɜɟɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ ɤ ©ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɶɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨª ©ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶª ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɥɫɹ ɩɥɚɧ ©ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɞɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣª ©ɜɩɪɟɞɶ ɞɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɞɭª > @ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ Ƚ Ⱥ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ©ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣª ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɭ ©Ʉɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɥɟɝɤɚ ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨɛɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɤɪɢ ɬɢɤɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ Ɍɚɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɝ ɇ Ȼ ɹ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɸ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸ ɷɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɇɢ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦ ɤɧɢɝɚɦ ɧɨ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɚɦ ³Ʉɨɠɟɜɟɧɧɨɣ´ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɫɹ ɚ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɟ ³ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ´ ɢ ³ɇɢɠɧɹɹ´ ³ɇɢɤɨɥɶ ɫɤɨɣ´ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɬ ³ɇɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɤ ɇɢɤɨɥɭ´ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɭ ɛɨɝ ɜɟɫɬɶ ɤɟɦ ɧɚɦɚɥɟɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɢɬɭɸ Ɋɭɱɟɣ ³Ƚɚɩɨɧɨɜ´ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ³Ⱦɭɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ´ ɧɨ ɧɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɟ ³Ƚɚɩɟɟɜ´ ɩɨ ɞ Ƚɚɩɟɟɜɨɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɶ ɬɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɛɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɬɨ ³Ʉɚɦɚɧɟɜɫɤɢɦ´ ɢɥɢ ³Ƚɥɭɯɢɦ´ ɩɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɧɚɢɦɟ ɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɭɱɶɸ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɦ" Ɋɭɱɟɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɛɥɢɡ əɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɨɛɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɚɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ³ɂɜɚɲɤɨɜɵ´ ɭɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɞ ³ɂɜɚɲɤɨɜɨ´ ɢ ɜɞɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɂɜɚɲɟɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɭɥɤɨɜ ³ɂɜɚ ɲɟɤɨɜɵ´ ɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɤɢ ɣ ɢ ɣ ɬɨɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɯɨɬɹ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɹɫɧɵ ³Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɵɯ´ ɭɥɢɰ ɜ ɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɜɟ ɢ ɨɛɟ ɹɫɧɨ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɚ ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜɞɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɛɚɡɚɪɨɜ ± ɜɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɹ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɧɚɝɨɝɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɟ ɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɦɧɨɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɭɥ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɢ ɧɚɝɨɝɚ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɚ ɂɫɩɟɳɪɹɬɶ ɩɥɚɧ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɥɢɰ ɹ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɢɥɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɢ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɭɡɤɢ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ ɨɬ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸ ɩɥɚɧ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥ 241
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɜ ɭɝɨ ɞɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɚɛɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɯɨɬɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɜ ɦɨɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɨ ³ɉɨɥɢɜɧɢɰɤɚɹ´ ɭɥɢɰɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ ɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɢɧɚ ɝɪɚ ɜɟɪɚ ɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɚ ɭɥɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɟɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɜɢɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɫɹª ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɥ ɱɬɨ ©ɞɟɥɚɥ ɩɥɚɧ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɤɨ ɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɚª ɢ ɩɨ ©ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɨɬɡɵɜɚɦª ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ > @ ɂ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɝ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɭɤɚ ɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɛɵɥ Ƚ Ⱥ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥ ȼɢ ɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɝɭɛɫɬɚɬɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɨɣ ɬɢɩɨɥɢɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɝɨ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɨ ɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ©ɧɚ ɞɧɹɯª ɜ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ©ɉɚɦɹɬɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞª ɫ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɥɨɫɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ > @ ɢɸɧɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɥɨɫɶ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɝɨɞɚ > @ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɨɫɶ ©ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɩɥɚɧ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɢɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ Ɉɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧ ɜ ɤɪɚɫɨɤ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɯ ɧɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ ɐɟɧɚ ɤ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɤɢ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɜ Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɟ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɟ Ƚɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɨɣ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢª ȼ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɥɚɧɚ © ɯ ½ ɜɟɪɲɤ ª ɢ © ɯ ª ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɜ ɞɸɣɦɚɯ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ ɬɚɬɵ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ± ɯ ɢ ɯ ɫɦ Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ȽȺȼɬ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɚ ɩɥɚɧɚ ± ɯ ɫɦ > @ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɪɚɠ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɜ ©ɉɚɦɹɬɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɠɤɟª ɛɵɥ ɨɛɪɟɡɚɧ ɩɨɞ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɇɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɝɭɛɫɬɚɬɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɇɢɤɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɠ ɧɚɹ əɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɭɱɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɫɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɤɚ Ƚɚ ɩɟɟɜɚ ɪɭɱɶɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɫɢɧɚɝɨɝɢ ɧɚ ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɚɯ ɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ©ɩɥɚɧ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚª ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɟ ɇɚ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɢ ɞɭɦɵ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɝ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ ɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ȼ ɉ Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɢɱ ɡɚɹɜɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚɧ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ©ɉɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɝ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚ ɭɥɢɰɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɞɚɠɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɛɨɥɨɬɚɦ ɢ ɨɜɪɚɝɚɦ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɥɚ ɧɨɦ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɚª >9@ 242
ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɝ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ Ƚɚɜɪɢɢɥ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɢɱ ɘɪɱɟɧɤɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ©ȼɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɟɣª ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɞɨɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ©ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɢɡɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚª ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɭ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɜ ± ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ > @ ȼ ɦɚɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ȼ ɉ Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɢɱ ɛɵɥ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚ ɱɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɦɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɥɚɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ©ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɜª Ɋɢɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ > @ ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɜ ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɢ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɤɚɡɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ©ɬɨɪɝɨɜª ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɡɟɦɥɟɦɟɪɭ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɚ ɛɭɪɧɵɟ ɞɟɛɚɬɵ ɜ ɞɭɦɟ Ɍɨɬ ɠɟ ɘɪɱɟɧɤɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬɡɵɜ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬ ɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ± Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɦɟɠɟɜɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɢ ɨɛɴɹɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɬɵ > @ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɡɚɩɭɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɜɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚ ɥɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɢɸɥɟ ɝ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɫɤɪɵɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɧɢɦɨɦ ©ɇ ȼ ɫɤɢɣª ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɥ ɜ ɝɚɡɟɬɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ©ɉɥɚɧ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɟª ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɵɥɤɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ©ȼɟɞɨ ɦɨɫɬɹɦª ©Ɋɚɫɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɫ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɵɯ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɨɪ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɝ ª ɚɜɬɨɪ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɸɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟ ɧɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɱɬɚɥɶɨɧɨɜ ©ɂɡɜɨɥɶɬɟ ɧɚɩɪ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ Ȼɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɒɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɤɟ ɠɢɜɟɬ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɤɨɜ ɱɭɬɶ ɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɞɸɠɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢª ɂ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ©Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ Ʉɪɚɤɟɥɟɜɵ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɤɢ ɢ ³ɩɪɨɫɬɨ´ Ʉɪɚɤɟɥɟɜ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɨɤ ɗɬɨ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ Ⱥ ɜ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɣ Ʉɪɚɤɟɥɟɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɢɥ ɫɜɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɣ ɋɭɪɚɠɫɤɢɣ ɚ ³ɩɪɨɫɬɨ´ Ʉɪɚɤɟɥɟɜ ɩɟɪ ɫɨɜɟɪ ɲɟɧɧɨ ɭɥɟɬɭɱɢɥɫɹª > @ ɉɨ ɩɪɨɲɟɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɢɪɚɠ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɝ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɞɚɧ ɢ ɜ ɦɚɪɬɟ ɝ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɛɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɡɚ ɪɭɛ ɤɨɩ > @ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɟ ɢɡ ɉɟɬɪɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɚ > @ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɧɚ ɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ©ɉɥɚɧ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɝ ª ɩɥɚɧ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧ ɜ ɧɨɹɛɪɟ ɝ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɥɢɰ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɥɚ ɧɨɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɢɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɧɢɹ ©ɩɥɚɧ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɝ Ƚ Ⱥ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚª ©ɩɥɚɧ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɝ ȼɢɬɝɭɛ ɫɬɚɬɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚª ©ɩɥɚɧ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɝ ª ɇɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɝ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɨɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɤɚɤ © ɣ Ʉɪɚɤɟɥɟɜ ɩ ª
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ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɚ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɠɤɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞ ɂɡɞ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɝɭɛɟɪɧ ɫɬɚɬ ɤɨɦ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ Ƚɭɛɟɪɧ ɬɢɩ ± ɋ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɢɸɧɹ ʋ ± ɋ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɹɧɜ ʋ ± ɋ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɬɚɥɶɨɧ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɠɢ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɠɤɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭ ɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞ ɂɡɞ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɝɭɛɟɪɧ ɫɬɚɬ ɤɨɦ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ Ƚɭɛɟɪɧ ɬɢɩ ± ɋ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɠɤɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞ ɂɡɞ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɝɭɛɟɪɧ ɫɬɚɬ ɤɨɦ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ Ƚɭɛɟɪɧ ɬɢɩ ± ɋ ± Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɚ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɠɤɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞ ɂɡɞ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɝɭɛɟɪɧ ɫɬɚɬ ɤɨɦ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ Ƚɭɛɟɪɧ ɬɢɩ ± ɋ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ± Ɏ Ɉɩ Ⱦ Ɂɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɞɭɦɵ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ ± Ɂɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɭɦɵ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɦɚɹ ʋ ± ɋ Ɇɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɯɪɨɧɢɤɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɦɚɹ ʋ ± ɋ Ɇɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɫɟɧɬ ʋ ± ɋ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ >Ƚ Ⱥ @ ɉɢɫɶɦɨ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ Ƚ Ⱥ Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɇ ȼ ɫɤɢɣ ɉɥɚɧ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɇ ȼ ɫɤɢɣ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɢɸɥɹ ʋ ± ɋ ɇ Ȼ ɉɢɫɶɦɨ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɉɥɚɧ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ ± ± ɦɚɪɬɚ ʋ ± ɋ ɉɥɚɧ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ ± ± ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ ɋɚɛɢɧ Ƚɭɫ >ɂ ɘ @ ɉɥɚɧ ɝɨɪ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɂ ɘ ɋɚɛɢɧ Ƚɭɫ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭ ɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɨɤɬ ʋ ± ɋ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɝɝ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɦɵ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɠɤɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞ ɂɡɞ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɝɭɛɟɪɧ ɫɬɚɬ ɤɨɦ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ Ƚɭɛɟɪɧ ɬɢɩ ± ɋ ± ɏɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɤɚɹ Ʌ ȼ ɉɪɨɝɭɥɤɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɣ ɨɱɟɪɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ;; ɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɪɬɵ Ʌ ȼ ɏɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɤɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɢɫɥ ɨɛɳ ɪɟɞ ɋ ȼ Ɋɭɛɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ± ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ȼɢɬɟɛ ɨɛɥ ɬɢɩ ± ɫ ɮɨɬ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɘɪ ɤɨ Ƚɚɜɪ >ɘɪɱɟɧɤɨ Ƚ Ⱥ @ Ɉ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ Ƚ Ⱥ ɘɪɱɟɧɤɨ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɦɚɹ ʋ ± ɋ ± ɘɪ ɤɨ Ƚɚɜɪ >ɘɪɱɟɧɤɨ Ƚ Ⱥ @ ɉɥɚɧ ɝ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ Ƚ Ⱥ ɘɪɱɟɧɤɨ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ± ± ɧɨɹɛ ʋ ± ɋ
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ɁɆȿɋɌ ɉɪɚɞɦɨɜɚ
ȼəɅȱɄȺə ȺɃɑɕɇɇȺə ȼȺɃɇȺ ȾȺ ȽɈȾȾɁə ɉȿɊȺɆɈȽȱ Ⱥɧɢɫɶɤɨɜɢɱ Ɇ Ɇ ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ± ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ Ɇ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 11 ȼɨɸɲ Ɋ ȼ ȼɡɝɥɹɞ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɧɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɵ ± Ƚɚɣɞɭɤɨʆ Ʉ ɉ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɵ ± ɭɪɚɞɠɷɧɰɵ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚ Ⱦɟɞɸɥɢɧɚ Ʌ Ȼ ȼɟɥɢɤɚɹ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɣɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɚ ɢ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɛɚɡɵ ©ɉɚɦɹɰɶ ɉɨɥɚɱɱɵɧɵª Ⱦɟɦɟɧɬɶɟɜ ȼ Ɋ ɇɚ ɨɝɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɛɟɠɚɯ ± ɝɝ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɚɦ ɛɨɟɜ ɣ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɜɢɡɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ ȼ Ɏɪɭɧɡɟ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ Ɍ ɉ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɧɚɤɚɧɭɧɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ©Ȼɚɝɪɚɬɢɨɧª ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɛɚ ɩɚɪɬɢɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɘ Ɇ ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɉɨɥɨɬɱɢɧɵ ± ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ Ʉɭɤɫɺɧɚɤ Ɇ ȼ Ⱦɚɥɺɤɿ ɱɚɫ ɬɪɵɜɨɠɧɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɬɵ« ɡ ɜɨɩɵɬɭ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɵɿ ʆɫɩɚɦɿɧɚʆ ɚɛ ɜɚɣɧɟ Ʌɹɝɚɟɜɚ ə Ⱦ ɗɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ©ɩɨɯɨɪɨɧɤɚª ɜɨɣɧɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ ɋ ɉ ɇɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɢɥɢ Ɋɹɞɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɇɿɤɿɰɿɧɚ Ʌ Ʉ Ɂɚɪɨɧɚɜɚ ɩɨɦɧɿɰɶ ɩɪɚ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɝɟɪɨɹʆ ɡɟɦɥɹɤɨʆ ɇɨɜɚɤ Ƚ Ƚ ȼɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɷɪɨɤɥɭɛɚ ± Ƚɟɪɨɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ Ɉɥɟɮɢɪɟɧɤɨ Ɇ Ʉ ɋɬɪɚɲɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɨ ɪɚɡɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ± ɯ ɝɝ ɉɿɜɚɜɚɪ Ɇ ȼ Ɂɚɯɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɩɚɦɹɰɿ ɩɪɚ ɩɚɞɡɟɿ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿɦ ɪɚɺɧɟ ɦɿɧɭɥɚɟ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɚɟ ɛɭɞɭɱɚɟ Ɋɭɦɚɤɨ ȿ ȼ ɉɪɨɟɤɬ Ⱥɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ɇ Ʉ Ʉɪɭɩɫɤɨɣ ©ɋɨɪɨɤ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ± ɫɨɪɨɤ ɩɹɬɵɣ Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨ ɜɨɣɧɟª ɤɚɤ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɋɬɪɢɠɧɟɜɚ ȿ Ⱥ ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ȼ ɂ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɋɭɦɤɨ ȿ ȼ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɍɢɬɨɜɚ ɇ ɂ ɂɦɟɧɟɦ ɒɪɚɞɟɪɚ Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɨɜɚ ɂ ȼ Ʉɭɪɝɚɧ Ȼɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɹ ± ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɒɚɰɤɢɣ Ɋ ȼ ɑɟɬɜɟɪɨɧɨɝɢɟ ɛɨɣɰɵ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɢɧɧɨ ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɳɢɧɟ ± 443
ɒɤɥɹɪ ɉ Ⱥ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ȼɢɝɨɫɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɫɨɜɟɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɘɩɚɬɨɜ Ⱥ ɇ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ± ɝɝ
ȽȱɋɌȺɊɕɑɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ Ⱥɪɥɨɜɚ Ⱥ Ƚ Ɂ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɚɱɷɣɤɚɜɚ Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ Ʌ Ʌɸɞɢ ɢ ɬɚɧɤɢ ɩɨɥɤɨɜɧɢɤɚ Ⱥɦɦɨɫɨɜɚ ɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ȼɚɪɚɧɨʆɫɤɿ Ⱥ ȼ Ⱥɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɿ ɩɚɜɹɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɥɚɞ ɞɚ ɡɦɟɧɵ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɩɪɵɧɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ʆ ɫɹɪɷɞɡɿɧɟ ɝ ± ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɝ ȼɚɫɢɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ ȼ ȼ ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ Ɏɟɞɨɪɚ Ɇɚɯɧɨɜɚ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɋɆɂ ȼɨɞɧɟɜɚ ɂ ɉ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɉɨɥɨɰɤɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɯ ɝɝ Ƚɚɣɞɭɤɨʆ Ʉ ɉ Ƚɟɪɨɿ Ɋɚɫɿɣɫɤɚɣ Ɏɟɞɷɪɚɰɵɿ ± ɭɪɚɞɠɷɧɰɵ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ Ⱦɚɜɢɞɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ɉ ɇ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ Ⱦɨɦɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɹ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ Ⱦɚɲɤɟɜɿɱ Ⱥ Ƚ ɒɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɹ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ɩɚɞɱɚɫ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɚ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɵ ± ɀɭɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ ȼ Ʉɪɚɟɜɟɞɵ Ɉɪɲɚɧɳɢɧɵ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ȿ ȼ ȿɜɪɟɢ ɢ ɜɨɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ȼɨɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɬɨɥɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɏɏ ɜ Ʌɟɳɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ɇ Ⱥ Ɉɛ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɦ Ʉɚɡɚɪɫɤɢɦ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱥɞɦɢɪɚɥɬɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɚɪɯɢɜɨɜ Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤ ȱ ɍ Ɋɚɡɜɿɰɰɺ ɩɪɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɝɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɡ ɭɥɿɤɚɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɞɵɯɨɞɚʆ ɞɚ ɷɤɚɧɨɦɿɤɿ ʆ ± ɹ ɝɝ ɧɚ ɩɪɵɤɥɚɞɡɟ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ Ɇɹɫɧɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ ȼ Ʌɟɨɧɩɨɥɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ Ɉɪɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ ɋ ɋɜɢɫɬɭɧɨɜɚ ȿ Ƚ Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɭɥ Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ɭɥ ɉɨɞɜɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɟ ɉɚʆɥɨɜɿɱ Ɇ ɇɨɜɵɹ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɤɿ ɩɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɉɨɞɥɢɩɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ Ɇ Ɇɭɡɟɣɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɤɨɦɢɫɫɚɪ ɉɨɬɪɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ ɋ ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɏȱɏ ± ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ ɋɿʆɤɨ Ɏ ȱ ©Ʉɭɛɚª ± ɥɸɛɨʆ ɦɚɹ« ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ ɘɪɱɚɤ Ⱦ ȼ Ⱥɫɚɛɥɿɜɚɫɰɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ʆɥɿɤɭ ɩɨɦɧɿɤɚʆ ɚɪɯɟɚɥɨɝɿɿ ʆ Ȼɟɲɚɧɤɨɜɿɰɤɿɦ ɿ ɒɭɦɿɥɿɧɫɤɿɦ ɪɚɺɧɚɯ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɰɿ
444
ɊɗɅȱȽȱɃɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ Ⱦɨɥɦɚɬɨɜɚ ȿ ɇ ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ©ɏɪɚɦɵ Ⱥɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɢª ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ ȿɪɦɚɥɺɧɚɤ ȼ Ⱥ ɘɡɷɮ Ȼɚɪɨɞɡɿɱ ± ɧɹɫɬɨɦɧɵ ɛɭɞɚʆɧɿɤ ɫɜɹɬɵɧɹʆ Ʉɚɪɩɟɤɿɧ Ʉ Ɋ ɉɚʆɫɹɞɡɺɧɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɯ ɫɹɥɹɧ ɩɚʆɧɨɱɧɚ ʆɫɯɨɞɧɹɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ʆ ɏȱɏ ± ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɏɏ ɫɬ ɩɪɚɡ ɩɪɵɡɦɭ ɦɟɬɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɧɿɝ ɿ ɲɥɸɛɧɵɯ ɜɨɛɵɫɤɚʆ ɍɪɭɛɥɟʆɫɤɿ ȼ ȼ Ʉɭɛɥɿɰɤɿ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵ ɩɪɵɯɨɞ Ʌɟɩɟɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɚɜɟɬɚ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɚɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɿ ʆ ɦɟɬɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɧɿɝɚɯ ɫɹɪɷɞɡɿɧɵ ɏȱɏ ɫɬ ɞɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɚɞɡɿɦɵ ɿ ɝɟɧɟɚɥɨɝɿɿ ɪɨɞɭ ȼɚɫɿɥɹ Ȼɵɤɚɜɚ ɏɦɹɥɶɧɿɰɤɚɹ Ʌ ɍ Ʌɚɬɵɝɚʆɫɤɿɹ ɚɛɪɚɡɵ ɡ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɵ ɭɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɟɧɧɟ ɩɚɯɨɞɠɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɛɵɬɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɥɟɤɰɵɿ ɞɚ ɝ ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ©Ⱦɡɟ ɹɧɵ ɜɚɲɵ ɡɜɚɧɵ"ª
ɆȺɋɌȺɐɌȼȺɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇȺ ȺɋȼȿɌɇɕə ȸɋɌȺɇɈȼɕ ȸ ɋȱɋɌɗɆȿ ɋɍɑȺɋɇȺȽȺ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ Ƚɚʆɪɵɥɚɜɚ ɋ ȼ ȼɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚ ɚɞɭɤɚɰɵɣɧɚɣ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɿ ɤɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɱɵɯ ɦɭɡɟɹʆ ɭ ɿɧɬɷɪɧɷɬ ɤɚɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɵɿ ɡ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɚɣ ɚʆɞɵɬɨɪɵɹɣ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɟ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɵɣ ɭ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɤɚɯ Ʉɨɩɬɢɥɢɧ ȿ Ⱥ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɞɚɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭɦɚ ɜ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɢɥɢɳɟ Ʉɨɬɨɜɢɱ Ɍ ȼ ɍɇɈȼɂɋ ± ɄȼȺȾɊȺɌ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ Ɍɢɦɨɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ ȼ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɜɨɢɧɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ©Ⱥɮɝɚɧɢɫɬɚɧ Ȼɟɡ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɜɟɧɢɟª ± ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨɛ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɜ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɯ ɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɏɏ ɜ Ʌɢɫɨɜ Ⱥ Ƚ ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɥɢɳɚ ɝɨɞ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ± Ɇɚɪɰɿɧɨɜɿɱ ɋ ȼ Ɂ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɤɿɧɚɬɷɚɬɪɚ ɿɦɹ Ɇɚɹ ʆ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɭ ʆ ± ɝɝ Ɇɹɫɨɟɞɨɜɚ ɋ ɇ ɒɢɲɚɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ɒɤɨɥɚ ɘɪɢɹ ɉɷɧɚ ɞɚɬɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɋɟɪɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ ȼ ©ɇɚɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɱɟɦ ɝɨɪɞɢɬɶɫɹª ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ƚɨɦɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢɦ ȼ ɂ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɋɿɧɹɤɨɜɚ Ʌ Ʉɪɚɹɡɧɚʆɫɬɜɚ ʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ʆ Ⱦɚʆɝɚʆɩɿɥɫɟ Ɏɿɥɿɦɨɧɚɜɚ ȼ Ⱥ Ʉɧɿɠɧɵɹ ɩɚɡɧɚɤɿ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɤɚɯ ɥɚɰɿɧɚ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɿɯ ɫɬɚɪɚɞɪɭɤɚʆ ɡ ɮɨɧɞɚʆ ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɉɨɥɚɰɤɚɝɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɝɚ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɡɚɩɚɜɟɞɧɿɤɚ
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ɅȱɌȺɊȺɌɍɊɇȺȿ ɄɊȺəɁɇȺȸɋɌȼȺ ɗɌɇȺȽɊȺɎȱə ɎȺɅɖɄɅɈɊ Ⱥɥɹɤɫɟɟɜɚ Ɍ ɍ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɚ ʆ ɠɵɰɰɿ ɿ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɍɥɚɞɡɿɦɿɪɚ Ʉɚɪɚɬɤɟɜɿɱɚ Ȼɚɪɨʆɤɚ ȼ ɘ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿɹ ɪɷɚɥɿɿ ɯ ɝɝ ɭ ɚɩɚɜɹɞɚɧɧɿ ©Ɂɜɚɪɨɬª əɧɤɿ ɇɺɦɚɧɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɤɫɿɹɥɨɝɿɹ ɩɟɪɚɯɨɞɧɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɭ Ƚɥɚɞɤɨɜɚ Ƚ Ⱥ Ⱥɞɥɸɫɬɪɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɤɪɚɿɧɵ ɩɪɚɡ ɥɺɫ ɫɹɦ¶ɿ ʆ ɪɚɦɚɧɟ Ɍ ə ɉɚɩɿ ©:QXNLª Ʉɭɥɢɧɨɤ Ɉ ɂ ɀɚɧɪɨɜɨ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ ± ɯ ɝɝ ȼ ȼ Ȼɵɤɨɜɚ ɢ ȼ ɉ Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ Ʌɟɨɧɟɧɤɨ ɋ ɉ Ⱥɜɬɨɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɱɟɪɤ ©ȼɢɬɟɛɱɚɧɟª ɂɜɚɧɚ Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜɢɱɚ ɀɢɝɭɧɨɜɚ Ɇɿɲɵɧɚ ȼ ȱ Ɋɵɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɿɦɜɚɥɿɱɧɵɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɵɿ ɦɨɥɚɞɡɿ ʆ ɬɪɚɞɵɰɵɣɧɵɦ ɜɹɫɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɛɪɚɞɡɟ ȼɿɰɟɛɲɱɵɧɵ ɿ ɫɭɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɷɝɿɺɧɚʆ ɇɚɜɚɫɟɥɶɰɚɜɚ Ƚ ȼ Ɋɚɦɚɧ ɷɫɷ Ʉɚɫɬɭɫɹ ɐɜɿɪɤɿ ©ȼɨʆɱɚɹ ɜɵɫɩɚª ʆ ɤɚɧɬɷɤɫɰɟ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɚɣ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ ɋ ɇ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ Ƚɨɪɨɞɨɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɋɢɥɢɧɚ Ⱥ ȼ ɉɨɷɡɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɫɩɟɪɚɧɬɨ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ ©ȺOHWHUQDOXPRª Ⱦɚɞɚɬɤɿ Ɂɜɟɫɬɤɿ ɩɪɚ ɚʆɬɚɪɚʆ
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ɇɚɜɭɤɨɜɚɟ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɟ
ȼȱɐȿȻɋɄȱ ɄɊȺɃ Ɍ Ɇɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ 9ȱ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɮɟɪɷɧɰɵɿ ©ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤɿ ɤɪɚɣª ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɚɣ ɝɨɞɞɡɸ ɉɟɪɚɦɨɝɿ ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɚɣ Ⱥɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɜɚɣɧɟ ɥɿɫɬɚɩɚɞɚ ɝ ȼɿɰɟɛɫɤ
Ɋɷɞɚɤɬɚɪɵ ɇ ə Ⱥɧɚɩɪɷɟɧɤɚ Ⱥ Ɇ Ƚɚɥɿɧɨʆɫɤɚɹ Ⱦɵɡɚɣɧ ɜɨɤɥɚɞɤɿ Ɍ ɋ Ƚɭɡɟɧɨɤ Ʉɚɦɩ¶ɸɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɺɪɫɬɤɚ Ⱦ ȼ Ɇɚɤɚɪɷɜɿɱɚ
ɉɚɞɩɿɫɚɧɚ ʆ ɞɪɭɤ Ɏɚɪɦɚɬ ɯ 1 Ƚɚɪɧɿɬɭɪɚ 7LPHV 1HZ 5RPDQ Ʌɿɱɛɚɜɵ ɞɪɭɤ ɍɦɨʆɧ ɞɪɭɤ ɚɪɤ ɍɥɿɤ ɜɵɞ ɚɪɤ Ɍɵɪɚɠ ɷɤɡ Ɂɚɤɚɡ ȼɵɞɚɜɟɰ ɿ ɩɚɥɿɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚɟ ɜɵɤɚɧɚɧɧɟ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɹ ʆɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ©ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿª ɉɚɫɜɟɞɱɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɪɷɝɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿ ɜɵɞɚʆɰɚ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɰɚ ɪɚɫɩɚʆɫɸɞɠɜɚɥɶɧɿɤɚ ɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹʆ ʋ ɚɞ ɉɚɫɜɟɞɱɚɧɧɟ ɚɛ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɪɷɝɿɫɬɪɚɰɵɿ ɜɵɞɚʆɰɚ ɜɵɬɜɨɪɰɚ ɪɚɫɩɚʆɫɸɞɠɜɚɥɶɧɿɤɚ ɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹʆ ʋ ɚɞ ɉɪ ɇɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ Ɇɿɧɫɤ Ɍɷɥ Ɏɚɤɫ ( PDLO HGLW#QOE E\
Выходные данные плана 1904 г. изд. Витгубстаткомитета
План 1916 г. и газетные сообщения о его издании
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