PENGXIANG LIN / MArch Design For Manufacture / The Bartlett Application Portfolio

Portfolio////PengxiangLin 2019-2022

Introduction

Contents

Thisfiveworksdiscusstheconnectionbetweenthe autonomyandcontextualofarchitecture,howto makeaproperarchitecturalproposalforthe contradictionbetweenresidenceandhistoricalvalue ,thereificationofarchitectureasasocial mechanism,thecomplexityinarchitecturaldelivery, andthepoetryofinstallationstructures.

AChineseWineTastingRoom

LongchangTheater Pandemic AnAnagamaKin Anarmatureinbetweenaneggandaluggagecase

Skillsworkshop

AChineseWineTastingRoom

InLumicangHutong,awinetastingroombecmeaproposaltoconnectthesitewiththe disappearingcourtfoodculture.Itisclosetotheroyalgranariesofthepast,Lumicang, wherevastquantitiesofsuppliesweregatheredanddeliveredtothesupremeruling classesoftheempire.Theproposalbecomesanintermediatetypologybetweenatasting roomandamuseum,offeringadisplayspaceforsmallvesselsandaspaceforwine tasting.Thebuildingattemptstoinspirevisiors'imaginationsofthegrandempirethrough exhibitsanddrinkingexperience.Theredesignexploresthereorganizationand entfremdungofprototypes,theabstractionofsymbols,andhowarchitectureinspires visitorstoimaginethingsthatarenotpresent.

Therearetworeference.OneisFuwangPavillion,andtheotherisSuichuHall.Fuwang pavilionisaretirementresidencedesignedbytheowner,EmperorQianlong.The symmetryisatrypicalroyalbuildingplanexistinginthewholeandpartsofthe architecture.Theinternalspaceloopsrepeatedly,bringingalabyrinth-likeeperience.The SuichuHallisatypicalsmall-scaleroyalgarden.Thesymmetrybringsritual,whilethe dislocationofthewallcreatesaricherspace,bringingthecoexistenceofdailyand memorialcharacteristic.

TheprojectislocatedinEastBeijing,wherehutongs,temples,royalgranaryruinsand modernbuildingsformthecontextofthesite.Modernarchitectureandhistoricalcultureis collagedtobeamixinglandscape.Therelicsofthedynastythatonceexistedare decliningandthemuseumasanarchitecturalproposalattemptstoevokespatialand culturalconnections.Courtyardasaprototyperespondstothestrongcontrastbetween modernityandhistoryinthecontextthroughtheautonomyofthebuilding.Thebuilding becomestheboundary,andthecourtyardtransformsthenearbymodernarchitectural wondersintoaChinesegarden-likelandscape.

Thefunctionalityofthemuseumis reshapedintoaboundarystructure overlappingandwrappingaroundthe centralcourtyard.Ontheboundaryof thecourtyardisthespaceforwine tastingtoconnecttothecontextofthe royalgranary.

Themuseumtakestheformofacorridor withexhibitsarrangedsymmetrically, makingthecorridorsauniquerepetition, recreatingthemaze-likeexperiencein theForbiddenCity.Theextraconventional-scalecorridorbecamea mediumforthegrandroyalcultureand crowdedHutongenvironment,setingup forwinetastinginthecourtyard.The structureofcorridor-courtyard-corridor containsalargersymmetry.Thetwo entrancescanalsobetwoexits. Topologically,thebuildingcanbe regardedasalineartunnelinthe hutong.Intheendofthevisit,itwilllead toanotherplaceoftheHutong.

Detailsection

1

1Roof: -concrete -Waterproofingmembrance -Insulation -Reinforcedconcrete -8mmsquaresteelbeam -Reincorcedconcreteslab

2Cellingstructure: -Beam -Sub-beamstructure

3Window -10mmwindowframe -Glass -Drainagechute -Reinforcedconcrete -Waterproofingmembrance -Reinforcedconcrete

4Ventilationsystem: -Brassairoutlet -Airchannel

5Floor: -Marbletiles -Concrete -Levelinglayer -Concrete -Waterproofingmembrance -Subgrade

LongchangTheatre

Individualwork.03,2019-07,2019.Location: Shanghai,China.Tutor:ChenhanWang

LongchangApartmentwasaBritish-designedpatrol housein1933.Itisnowahistoricbuildingforlowincomepeople.Itisalsoatouristattractionfor photographersandphotographersbecauseoflarge scaleillegalconstruction.Violationofregulations, managementofhistoricalrelics,thevalueofvisits, modernresidentialneedsandresidents'privacy conflicthere.Oneofthebasicnarrativesof architectureistheintroversionoftheinterior architecture,providinganintrovertedatmosphere whereviewingisatacitactandthebasisforother activities.Thisprojectaimstointroducetheviewing behaviourasthebasisformixingviolations, residents'livesandtourists'visitsthroughthe introductionoftheatrefunctions.Intheend,various narrativessuchasresidentiallife,historicalbuilding revival,tourists'play,andtheatricalperformances occuratthesametime.Thewondersofhistorical buildingsandillegalbuildingswillbepreservedin newways.

TheCoreIssue:

•Theillegalbuilding(forthegovernment)

•Thelackofresidentialfunctionsinthe historicalbuilding(forresidents),

Theoppertunities

Thetemperamentofthisbuildingcanbedescribedas "illegal".Comparedwithslumsorillegalbuildingsinother places,ithasonemorelayer,thatis,"viewing",thisis acquiescence,alsoOneofthemostofendailyactivitiesof residentsandtourists,andeventhebasisforother activities.

Thecoreissuescouldbesettleddownbybuildinganew architecture,andthenewarchitectureshouldremainthe originaltemperament.

•Theentanglementofthevalueofthebuilding (forvisitors)

•Thepublicityofhistoricalrelics.(forlaw enforcement)

•Residents’privacy

Somyproposalisatheaterbuilding ,inotherwords,illegal visitingandillegalbuildingwillgainlegalidentitiesintheater anddrama. Builtin1933bytheBritish manandusedaspolice stationanddormitory

1949PRC’sfounding. Thebuildingwasusedasa publicapartment,andthe residentslivingherehada highposition.Thewhite staircaseisstillthesymbol oftheapartmentinresidents' minds.

1966CulturalRevolution.

Thegrowthofresidents contributedtothelandscape ofillegalbuildingnowwe see.Thelayoutofrooms changedtoincreasethe capacity,andeachfamily onlyhavehalfofthespace theyhadbefore.

1

Monthlyscale

Inwinter，theatrium becomesthe courtyardofritualand fireplace.whilein summer，residents liketocool themselvesbywater anddeckchair.

Opening Buildinghistory Theatriumisusedas thepubliccharging fieldandchangewith commutetime

Yearlyscale 23 22

#2

#3

#4 2

5 3 3

WhentheSpring Festivalhascome, residentstossfireworks intotheatriumand watchthespectacle onthesurrounding corridor. Thebuildingis notsuitableto beresidential #1

Theopeningeconomicbring morepopulation,andforthe low-costofresidence,the buildingattractedmuch immigratepeopletolive here. 1.Whitestaircase 2.Blackstaircase 3.Garbagepipeline 4.Chargingline 5.Theelevatorwasdiscontinuedin 1949 Theatriumbecame theplacewherethe buildingandresidents discardedgarbageand receivedparcels.

4 Hourlyscale

Dailyscale

Proposal

Itisoneofthetypicalformofthe traditionalChinesetheatre.Itisconsist ofastage,columns,androofs,looks likegrowingfromabuildingfacade, shelteringaindependentdramatic space.Theexistofthestageandthe theatrecouldtranslatethesurveillance atmospherecomingfromtheintroversion ofthebuildingintoavisitor-friendly neighbourhoodbehaviour.

Residents’map

Thetheaterbringsnewopportunitiesfor residentstointeractwiththevisitors.The buildingseparatestheprivacyspace,public space,andinteractionspacesoresidentscan liveastheywantto.

1.Residents’corridors

2.Audiences’corridors

3.Publiccorridors

4.Performancecorridors

Thecorridorsdodifferentjobsbyfloorsand sites,includinganauditorium,backstage, publicspace,andresidentuse.

IntheChinesetraditionalgardenof ShanghaiandSuzhou,thestage couldbesetincorridors,pavilion, andwaterfront.Itcreatesanimmersive andcontinuousinteraction.The combinationofthedramaticspace andlivingspaceisatraditionalopera watchingwayinShanghai.

Li-Nongisatypicalresidentialprototype inShanghai,offeringlivingspaceand communicationspace.Li-Nongcarries thememoriesofShanghaipeople. Theactors,residents,evenvisitors wouldbecomeonepartofthe performance.Andtheresidentsnear theauditoriumcanserviceforaudiences andvisitorsduringtheperformance.

Streetartispopularinoldcityin China.Actorsperformonstagewith surroundingresidentscomeandgo. Andthewayaudiencesstayherelike visitingortouring.Actors,residents, andvisitorscreateadynamicatmosphere thattheblurboundarybetweenstage andapartment.

Collectivememories LongchangApartment

Stages&Backstage

Usealiftandstairstoconnectmultiple stagesinaverticaldirection，the theatresetdramasintothecorridorand interiorofthisbuilding.Creatingmore flexiblechoicesfordirectorsandactors, thestagecomposingofthreeparts, outdoorstage,corridorstage,and indoorstage.Itblurstheboundaries betweentheatrium,corridor,rooms, drama,andliving.

Thefloorfromthefirsttothefourthare rebuilttobeaindoorstageandthe backstage,whilethefifthfloorissteel remainastheresident'sspace.Asteel structureisconstructedtostrengthenthe building.Thesecondfloorcorridorandthe thirdfloorcorridoraredesignedasbalcony forperforming.Wooddoorsandcurtains canseparatethespaceforchangingand performing.Thebeamsandequipment hangingonitaresetontothe4th floor, whilethe5th floorisstillkeepasresident’s spaceandresident’scorridor,wherethe visitorsandresidentscanlookdownatthe performanceinthe2nd floorstage.

Racks

Thecurtainsanddryingracks outsidecorridorsbecomestands ofdecorationsurroundingthe stagescene.Theappropriate distancebetweenracksoffer choicestoholdondifferentsize ofdecorations.

Whitestaircase

Inthebeginning,thestaircases,whicharestillthesymboloftheapartmentandnamedWhite Stairs,werethestagewatchingbypeopleincorridors.Withillegalbuildingsappearingand theintrudeofvisitors,thestaircasesbegantoplaytheroleofstage,whiletheillegalbuilding andresidentsinthecorridorshavebecomethetargetswatchingover.Basingonviewing, socialactivitiesandinteractionamongresidentshavecomeintodailylife.

TheWhiteStaircaseswere usedastrafficspacesand livingspacessuchas balconiesandsmallgardens becauseofthewidth.The elevatorcorehadbeen occupiedbyresidents.

ThesmallmuseuminWhiteStaircases

Thewhitestaircaseshavethe bestviewinginthisbuilding, andastheroutesthrough whichvisitorsexplorethe building,thewhitestaircases carryonthreedifferent narrativesactually,living, passing,andvisiting.

Thetowerisofgreatsignificancetotheoutsiders,becauseitisapublicareawherevisitors avoidtheresidents.Thehigherthevision,thebetterthevisionandthemoretheycanhide, thelesslikelytheyaretobedrivenanddisturbedbytheresidents.Visitorsalsohopetosee moresecretsintheheightsofthetower. Theverticallandscapeofmuseumiskindof engagementin-betweentheresidentsandvisitors

Theelevatorcoresbecome theareavisitorsexploringand thestairsoutsidearepotential tobeusedastheplace watchingdrama.

Auditoriumonstaircase

Theelevatorcoresbecomethearea visitorsexploringandthestairsoutsideThe staircasesauditoriumwouldreplacethe roleofgardenandbalconywhichthe staircasewasusedasbeforearepotential tobeusedastheplacewatchingdrama.

1.staircaseauditorium 2.box 3.elevatorcore 4.breakroom 5.originaldryingrack

Mainauditorium

Themainauditoriumgivesaudiencesa threefloorspacetowatchoperaordrama.

1.floors 2.chairs

3.noisereductionceiling 4.concreteproof 5.steelbeam 6.verticaltheater

Suitforpassing

Suitfordisplay

Auditoriumonstaircase

Behindtheauditorium,residentscankeep distancewithvisitorsandaudiencesifthey want,theycanalsoprovideservicesfor audiencesformoney.Thecorridor auditoriumkeepstheopportunitiesfor audiencestointeractwithresidentsandold building.

1.staircaseauditorium 2.box 3.elevatorcore 4.breakroom 5.originaldryingrack

Entrancetothemainsuditoriumandtheverticaltheater

Thestairspresentcorridorsandresidents' livingscenestovisitorsvertically.The entranceofthemainauditoriumisset behindit,sothemulti-floorspacecreates moreinterativespaceinbetween auditoriumandtheresident’scorridor.

Verticaltheater

Entrance 1.stairs 2.entrancetoauditorium 3.connectionwithcorridors 4.balcony

SectionI:ThetheaterwhichinsertedintoLongchangapartment SectionII:Living,watching,andperformance

Auditoriumentrance

Differentkindsofauditoriums andentranceswillbring audiencesdifferentkindsof watchingexperiences.

Visitors’map Routes Dramawatching Watchingatclose rangeandvisiting

Thecorridor auditorium routes.

1F

Disableliftsasthe showcasesforhistory Watchingtheplayingorchestra Theblack staircase Visitingatrangeclose Theindoorstage

Exhibitionhallon1F

Immersive experience Museumvisiting Museumvisiting Backstag evisiting 4F 4F 1F

Thesmallmuseum

Buildingmoreexperienceopportunities aroundthemainstageandgrandstand system,thetheatreincorporates backstage,mechanicalinstallations,small museums,showrooms,librariesandsmall theatersintothetourexperienceand interactswithresidentsonpublic corridors. Alongthestair,watchingthedramaplayingonvertical theater Entrancetheauditorium

Thestage

Thegarbagepipelineusedas theresidents’ritualbuildingnow Theresidents’ ritualbuilding

thesemi-underground garbagepipelineasa showcaseandpassage

Visiting Watching Themainauditorium The staircase auditorium

Thebookstoreon2F Orchestra

Theshowcases Theshowcasesonground floor

Pandemic

VirusShelterUrbanDesign.Individualwork, 03,2020-05,2020.Location:Wuhan,China.Tutor: ChenhanWang

TheoutbreakofCOVID-19brokedownWuhan's urban,politicalandmedicalsystems.Withthe developmentofcivilisation,theinternalisationof biologicalcharacteristicsofthevirushasbecomea socialmechanism,andthecombinationofpandemic andpoliticshaspromotedthedevelopmentof humansociety.Theprojectenvisagesapossible urbanformofWuhanundertheconditionofasuper virusoutbreakinthefuture.TheproposalofBridge Citypredictsakindofcityfromdominatedbythe virus,medicine,andpolitics.

Producingtheantivirusenvironment,thepolitical propaganda,andthereshapedindividualises，the CityonTheBridgeofTheYangtzeRiverinWuhan willbecomeamonumentalsanctuary

TheMinistryofTruth

Theparliamentcontrolstheair-conditioningsystem, whichcontrolsthesupplyofcleanairfortheentire system.Theparliamentandthemediaare integrated.Airsanctionsystemandresource sanctionsystemareimplementedthrough centralizeddecision-makingandmechanicalcontrol channels.Theblowerspaintedinredcontinuously expandandshrink,formingamechanicalChinese screen.

AirProductionandPerformativeRescue

Thecombinationofthecrossandtheblowerisametaphor forthecommemorativesignificanceofDr.LiWenLiang’s event.Thewhistleblowerwinstimeforothers,buthehasto paythepriceofsystemandlife.Hisdeathwilleventually becomeapoliticalevent.

Airisoneofthemostimportantresourcesinsidethe system.Theairproductionstationprovidescleanandfresh airtothesystem,whileisolatingoutsidepathogens.The toweringairfactoryformsamonumentalarraythat becomesthecoreofthesystemandtheman-madeforest. However,theairproducedbythisartificialforestwillbe transportedtotheparliamentcenterfordistribution,andthe monitorsontheairproductionmachineswillbecomean extensionofgovernmentpower.

AutonomousCommunity

AutonomousCommunityprovidesindependentsocial systemstocommunitiesandfamilies.Thetemporary connectionbetweenthebuildingswillberecordedby theAutonomousCommunitySystemasasocialrecord againstPandemic,whichisusedtoisolatethe residentsandtracethetransmissionsource.

Theprojectionsystemwillserveasanindirectmedium forresidentstocontrolthebuildingfacade.Peoplein isolationinteractthroughthebuilding'sfaçade,which willtakeplaceundersystematicsurveillance.

ProductionLineandArtificialSacrifice

Haircutincident:Theobligatorysacrificeoffrontline medicalstaffhasbecomethepropagandaofsome officials'achievements.

Thematerialsthatwillenterthesystemandtheinterior ofthebridgecitywillbetransportedherebythemetal runnertothetopsorter,andthenplacedonthe internalconveyorbeltforfurtherprocessing.The productionvaluewillbeprojectedontoametalpanel shapedlikeahumanface,asawaytoenhancethe confidenceofthesurvivors.

MEDICINE&URBAN

Medicineisthefrontbattlefieldforhumanbeingsto fightagainstvirus.Medicineandbiologycanguide citiestoestablishsystemsofdetection,disinfection, isolationandmedicaltreatment.Medicineand politicsplaytheirownrolesinareasbeyondthe controlofeachother.Thediagrambelowshows howurbanfunctionsareorganizedaccordingtothe anti-virusdesignofmedicine.

ANANAGAMAKILN& AHEATEXCHANGER

Ceramicfiringisoneofthemostenergy-intensive industries.TheprojectislocatedinFlimwellPark, whereamodernAnagamakilnwillbebuiltforfiring ceramicsintheforest,andsustainabilityand ecologicalvaluesareamongthedesigngoals. Therefore,theproposalofaheatexchangerwas introducedintotheprojectinanattempttosavefuel consumptionbyrecoveringheatfromtheexhaust gases.

AnAnagamaKiln////SystematicOverview

Overview

Afterunderstandingthematerialityofrefractory brick,8bespokebricksweremadeintheHere EastUCL.Themanufactureprocessstartfrom materialselection.Poweredfire-clayandsharp sandwereselectedasthemainmaterial.Based ontheshrinkagestudy,4.5%largermouldswere made.Afternaturaldryingofbricks,theywere firedinaelectrickilnfollowingaspecificfiring schedule.

Foundationsystem

Thefoundationsystemsupportsthewholekilnon themudandpreventthekilnbeingcoolingdown byground.Mesheswithtwodensityholdingthe gravellayerandbricklayers.Aringbeamclamps tightlythewholefoundationforreducingtheriskof collapsingbroughtfromthe10tonsweightofthe kiln.

Heatrecoveringsystem

Theheatrecoveringsystemincludesaheat exchangercore,airchannels,andaringbeam. Theheatexchangerpreheatsthefreshaircoming intothekilnforfiringbytransferringtheheatfrom hotwastegasespassingthroughthechimney. Thetetrahedralhelixgeometryprovidethermal transferringperformanceandsurvivabilityinthe processofdelivery.Lotsoffinscreatesmore convectioninbothwastegasesandfreshair.Its materialismildsteelsheets,atthethicknessof 1mmand2mm.Thedesignofheatexchanger iteratesandtriestoachievethegoaloffuelsaving andtimesaving,inthecontextoftemperatureat 1300Celsiusdegree,whichishigherthanthe meltingpointofmildsteel.

Sensorsystem

Sincethemainobjectiveofthesensorsystemisto improvethecombustionefficiencyandcontrolthe firingprocess,therearetwomaintargetvariablesof thesensorsystem-temperatureandairflow.Aslong astherelationshipbetweentemperatureandairflow underdifferentcombustionconditionsisclearly explored,thesetwoobjectivescanbeachievedtothe maximumextent.

AnAnagamaKiln////SystematicOverview

Bespokekeybrickforinnerlayer

Afterunderstandingthematerialityofrefractory brick,8bespokebricksweremadeintheHere EastUCL.Themanufactureprocessstartfrom materialselection.Poweredfire-clayandsharp sandwereselectedasthemainmaterial.Based ontheshrinkagestudy,4.5%largermouldswere made.Afternaturaldryingofbricks,theywere firedinaelectrickilnfollowingaspecificfiring schedule.

Form-workanddryassembly

Tobuildacatenaryarchonsite,awoodform-work weremanufactured.Intheprocessofmaking, recycledplankswereusedanddisassembled. Afterdraggingthebottomslopedbottom,theformworkwillbeloweredat60mmandtheform-work isremovable.

Thermalinsulationsystem

Thethermalinsulationsystemconsistsof aluminiumskinandvermiculite.Thethermal insulationsystemgoalstobelightandsavethe thermaldissipation.Thesinglecurveskinis lockedbyaluminiumrib,whichisfabricatedby shrinking&stretchingmachine.AL-shapeangle lockstheribontotheringbeamofthefoundation systemtopreventthearchfrombeingpushedout bythefiller.

Aluminiumshrinking&stretching

Withthehelpofashrinking&stretchingmachine, thecoexistenceofbentsurfaceandfoldedflange canbewellachieved.Itmakesthewholeshell realiseself-supportingwhileensuresmoothness andaesthetic.Andtheerrorsgeneratedinthe productionprocesscanbebalancedbystanding seam.Thismachinecanbendtheflatsheettoan arcsheet,anditcanbeeasilycorrectedevenafter thebendingisexcessive.However,thedifficultyof theoperationliesinhowtocontroltheinput parametersandhowtorealisetheproductionof thecatenaryarc,whichwillbeexplainedindetail later.

THEHEATEXCHAGNERFOR THEKILN

Insteadofdeliveringacommercialheatexchanger,the projectutilisesCNCplasmacutting,metalbendingand CFDsoftwaretocreateabespokegastogasheat exchangerforthisanagamakilnproject.Theprimary performancedesigngoalwastoachievealargerheat transferareaandheatconvectionfortheheatexchanger withinthelimitedsizeofthechimney.Atthesametime, theheatexchangerwillworkattemperaturesofupto 1300Celsiusdegreesandexcessiveheatabsorptionor storageintheheatexchangerwillincreasetheriskof meltdownandleakage.Therefore,inadditionto optimizingstructuralstrength,balancingtheheat absorptionanddissipationperformanceofthedifferent sectionsbecomescriticaltothesurvivaloftheheat exchanger.

Theheatexchangerisconsistedofthreeparts,heat exchangercore,ringbeam,andboxingchannel.The heatexchangercoreplaytheroleofheattransferring. Theringbeamprovidesstabilityinhightemperature.And theboxingchanneltransmitthepreheatedairfromthe heatexchangercoreintofirebox.

Theairfromtheforestatflimwellparkisdrawninbytheanagama kilnandcreatesthehightemperatureconditionsusedtofirethe ceramics.Heretheairflowinsidethekilnisshown,thepathofthe flamegivingtheporcelainitsuniquetexture.Theflamestrikesthe innersurfaceofthekiln,creatingavortexthatstayslongerinthe chamber.Theairflow,whichreaches1300°C,entersthechimney fromthechamberandrisesintotheatmosphere.Theairflow spiralsupthechimneyandaccelerates,providingsuctionforthe kiln.Intheprocess,thehotexhaustgasesarewasted.

Oneoftheproposalsforthisprojectwastodesignaheat exchangerforthisanagamakilntorecoverthewasteheatfromthe gasesinthechimney.

1.Thewaytraditionalanagamakilnintakingair

Thedesign-madeworkflow

Theparametricworkflowcreatesaloopbetween design,simulation,andmanufacture.Ittranslates aspeculativedesignintothreekindsofdigital model,collaborateivedesignofthekiln,CFD simulation,andmanufacturalfileforreadingby CNCmachines.Thefeedbacksandproblemsin simulationresultsandmanufactureprocesswill beconsiderastheopportunitiestoiteratethe design.

Prototype#01

thegeometrycomesfromaspeculative idea,increasingtheheattransferring surfaceareaasmuchaspossible.The mostcriticalthermalphysicalfactorsin thisheatexchangeristhethermal conductionandthermalconvection.The thermalconductiondependsonthe surfaceareaandthethicknessof material,whilethethermalconvectionis relativetothegeometryandthe behaviourofairflow.

comparingwiththeairpipewith traditionalcirclesection,thetriangleone couldprovidemoreareatovolumeratio andtheconsiderationof manufacturabilityinthemeantime.For furthermoresurfaceareaforheat transferring,atwistingtriangularsection pipecreatesmorethermalconduction andturbulencebothinsideandoutside. Inthelaterprocess,thisgeometryis translatedanddegeneratedtobea tetrahedralhelix.

Thetetrahedralhelixisconsistof rhombuspanelswithflanges.Those flangesaredesignedforwelding togetherandcreatingmoreturbulence andsurfaceareaforheattransferring. Thehols,bolts,andnutsontheflanges isdesignedtoalignandfixingtwopanels nexttoeachother.Thegeometryofeach panelscanbedeliveredbyCNCplasma cutterandbrakepress.Butthe inaccuracyintheformingprocessand thethicknessofthemildsteelbring troubleinalignmentandsealing.And, theholsandboltsbringmorecomplexity withoutmorebenefitbroughtfor alignment.

Prototype#02

Prototype#02explorethepossibilityof no-holealignment.Consideringthe thicknessofmaterialandtheradiusof folding,thesizeoftheholesinthevertex couldbecheckedandcontrollablein parametricmodel,thatmeansitcouldbe easiertobesealbywelding.Thesizeof thevertexholesalsoprovidesthespace betweentwofoldinglinenexttoeach otherfromcrossoverandbrokenedge. Withthetemperatelyholdingbyjig,the panelscanbealignedjustbyedgesin muchmoreaccuracy.Beforereleasing fromthejig,thepanelsarefixingand sealedtogetherbyspotwelding.

Theflangeweldingandfoldingmethod leadtothesmoothinnersurfaceofthe heatexchangerprototype.Thelaminar airpassingonsurfacemaycreateaair filmmuchhighhotterthantheairinthe middlepart.Itreducesthethermal

convectionefficiencyandthe survivabilityoftheheatexchangercore, becausethehotaircan'tbetakenfrom thesurface.

Prototype#03 Prototype#03explorestheturbulence creatinginsideandthespecificshapeof vertexspacer.Bythefinsclampedinbetweentwopanels,thelaminarairfilm isbrokenintoturbulence.Itslowsdown theairvelocity,extendsthepreheating time,andimprovesthethermal convection.Thelouvrefinscreatemore turbulenceinfurther.

Insteadofthearcvertexspacer,aVshapespacercouldminimisethesizeof thevertexholesandleftenoughroomfor foldinglinewhichmaycrossover.In3D perspective,theV-shapespacerlooks likeahollowstarwhichcanbefilledby weldinginazigzagroute.Whilethe

clampedfinshelpholdingthewelding fluxfromtheback.ThoseV-shape spacersaredeliveredbyCNCplasma cutter,theradiusofthecontourcanbe achievedwithanaccuracyof2mmona 1mmmildsteelsheet.

Bytesting,thespotweldercansolvethe triplemildsteelsheetatthemaximum thicknessof2mm+1mm+2mm.This extremesizeoftriplesheetisdeployed inthebottompartsofheatexchanger core.Formostoftheweldingtriplemild steelsheetinthisheatexchanger,the frequentthicknessis1mm+1mm+1mm.

Outlook/////Prototype#04

Prototype#04exploreshowtodetailthe clampedfins.CFDsimulationsshowthat thethefinsinsideheatexchanger createsmoreturbulenceandthermal conduction.Withoutanyfins,the simulationoftheprototype#02shows

theairflowjustcomesoutdirectlywithout horizontalconvection.Thesectionin simulation#01depictsthedistributionof airflowvelocity.Theheatedairmove slowlyonthesurfaceandbecomeaair filmpreventingthecoldairinthemiddle beingheated.

Thesectionaldrawinginsimulation#02 showsatwistingandmixingairflow.The drawingofthevectorshowsadiscrete pathoflocalairflow.Theinputairflowin themiddleisdistributedintothreepaths, passingthoughmiddle,andcorner respectively.Whiletheinputairflow startingfromacornerpassesthrough twopathsandtwistsabout60degrees afterpassingthrough3segmentsofthe heatexchanger.Themiddlemainstream airflowisstilltoofastwhichcouldbea indicatefortheinefficiencyof convection.Inthesimulation#03forthe outlookprototype,thesub-finsdesign createsmoremixtureandtheinput airflowisstrippedintomuchmoresubstreams.Allthedifferentresultare simulatedinthesameconditionsoffins areaandsize.Thesub-finsdesignisa higherconvectionalefficiencyprototype.

Manufacture

Sub-finsrequiresspecificprocessfor brakepress.Theparametricmodel informsthesub-finsangle,thewidthof sub-fins,thenumbersofsub-fins,the deviationofsub-fins,andsoon.The cuttingpathislimitedbytheplasma cuter.Whilethedieandpunchofbrake pressarebespokenfornocrushingwith thesheet.

AnArmatureIn-betweenAnEgg andALuggageCase

Itisadesignworkshopforarmaturedesign,while thedesignobjectpineconeanddesignsiteluggage casearedestinedbythecoursepartner.Fromthe metaphoroftheobjectandsite,acontextoftravelis foundin-betweenofthepineconeandtheluggage case.Thearmatureisdesignednotonlytosupport theroundedandsmoothegg,butalsotryto reinforcethestiffluggagecasebytheseemlyfragile egg.Inthenarrativeofstructureandlife,the combinationofeggandluggagecaseisseen togetherasaliving-industrialseedwhichbehaviours likearealseedorvehicletravellingandliving around,evenreadytoescapeandtrytosurviveif necessary.

Thedeflectionangle

Holdingtheegg

asupportingsystemoffrictionand balanceisconstructedontothesurface oftheegg.Aprototypeofmulti-points supporting,net,andjigsisproved ineffectivebythedeviationofposition. Althoughthejigplayingtheroleof adjustingthelocaltensionofnet,the frictiondoesn'tstandinourside,and thesystemcan'telasticallyresponseto themovingandtherotatingofthe luggagecase.

A4-pointssupportingsystemis developedfromthecontextofsmooth eggsurface.Comparingwiththemulticontactingsystem,4-pointscontacting makesurethesupportingpointsdon't changetoanother.So,thesupporting positionisfixing.Thesiliconegelcan dealwiththefixingissueonthose smoothsurfacesuchaseggandglass. A4-pointssupportingsystemis constructedandbeingcompressedand fixedbythespringsystem.

Springsystem////Material

springsystemconnectsthecentripetal4-points supportingsystemtotheframeworkofthe armature.Theadjust-abilitytothesizeandforceof theeggistranslatedintothereinforcementtothe suitcase.Duringcovid-19,thosestuffsuchas metalpole,angleiron,bolts,nuts,plastics,and springscanbeeasilyfoundinmydesktop-based workshop.

Springsystem////Reinforcement

Thespringsystemreceivesthepushingforcefrom theeggandengageswiththesizeoftheegg.An umbrellastructureisintroducedtotransmitthe single-vectorforceontothetwowallsoftheinner surfaceoftheluggagecase.Theoppositetwo wallsarerelativelyweakandmightbeslightly deforminginpressure.Inthemeantime,thefriction iscreatedbytheforcepushingout,andfixingthe wholestructuresuspendinginthemiddleofthe luggagecase.Insomedegree,theeggsuspends itselfinsidetheluggagecasebycreatingforce fromitsthinshellthoughthearmature.

Springsystem////Catapult

Theforceisstoredinthedoublespringsystem. Thesystemwillspringbackwhentravelending andsystematicbalancebroken.Acatapaultsystem isintroducetoreusethisforce.Abulleysystem magnifiestheroutesothattheescapepodcould bedriventoholdingtheegg.

Skills: Visualprogrammingwithgrasshopper ColumnSystemoftheRoofStructure

Totur:Papandreou,Marielena

Column:

ConstructconnectingpointsfromtheIbeam.

Constructcontrolpointsandcreatecolumncurves.

Createmulti-layerscolumns.

ColumnCap: CreateHjoints. Createthefixingplatesandcuttingthemintosuitableashape. Createthenails.

Plinth:

Thisplinthbaseallowsthecolumntobeinsertedintothebase.Thecolumnwillpushthelock ringdownwardunderforcetolockitonthebase

StructureAnalysisDocument

Part1:KarambaModeloftheRoofStructure

Part2:SimulationoftheArmature

Tutor:Solly,James

Theway connectiingwiththe roof.

Woodencolumn

Thejoint

SimplifyandMaterial

Fig.1:Isimplifiedthecolumnsystemintotheshell,becauseitisclosertoafreetwist, justlikethedesigninmyGHfile.

Fig.2:Thecross-section’ssizeis15cm*15cm,andthematerialiswood.

Support:

IntheGHfile,eachgroupsharesasteeljoint,whichisconsistsofabasementanda steelring.Eachcolumncanbetiedwiththeotherthreecolumnsbytheir displacement.Soeveryfourcolumnsshareasupportpoint.

Result:

Thedisplacementis2.8cm.Thebiggestdisplacementoccursattheedgeofthe roof,whichhaslittleeffectonthewhole,sotheresultof2cmisacceptable Andtheutilizationis55%.

Thedisplacementcanbeoptimizedfurther.ThroughGalapagos,Icanfindthebest positionofeachcolumngroupandtheresultofdisplacementcanbe1.696cm.

Theoriginalpositionofitis0.5,Ioptimizeitinthedomainfrom0.4to0.7,sothe bottomofthecolumnwillnotexceedtherangeofthetopofthecolumn

IfLinetoBeam

Idivideeachcurveinto10shortlinesanduse10beamstosimulateacurved column.

Theresultisunacceptable,theutilizationofthecolumnsisabout180%.

Butitcanbeoptimizedbyselectthesuitablecross-sectioninthedomainnof10,11, ...25.

ProblemandConclusion:

Inthiscase,“linetobeam”and“meshtoshell”resultindifferentvalues.Itmaybe causedbydifferenttwistwayofthesetwoways.Inthe"LinetoBeam"case,the columnsjustbendbutnottwist.Infact,thesetwowayswouldproducedifferentkinds ofcross-sections.Butbothofthemdisplaythatthemiddlepartofthecolumnbears verygreatstressanditneedstobelargertoobtainabetterresult.

Part2

SimulatingtheArmature

Simplify:

Fig.1:Becauseinthisprototype,therearenotcomplexgeometrythathadtobe analyzedbyshell.SoIchoosethe“LinetoBeam”componenttoanalyzeit.Simplify thebrepdirectlyfromthecurrentRhinomodel,insteadofmodelingnewlines.And then“LinetoBeam”them.[Property:wood]

Fig.2:Therearesomejointsbeingmadebysteel,soIalso“LinetoBeam”themto constructtherigidconnectionbetweenwoodensticks.[Property:Steel]

Fig.3:SimplifiedResult

Fig.4:TheSupportPoints

Fig.3:SimplifiedLoadsPoints

Loads:

1.Gravity

F1

F2 F3 F2 F3

F1

2.Theinternalstressfrominthissystem:Thisforceisproducedbytheegg,whichis pressuringthespring.Theopposingforceisproducedbythesuitcase.Thetwo forcesencountereachotherinthearmatureandcanceleachother.

Theforceisabout2kg*G=20N=0.02KN

Support:

Inreality,thepointRightcanonlyrotatearoundtheYaxis.ThepointLeftisthepoint wherethearmaturecontactswiththesuitcase.ThestressmakesitfixedintheX axis.ThefictionproducedbythestressmakesitfixedintheZaxis.Thesystemcan notrotatearoundZaxis.

Cross-section:

Thecross-sectionisarectangle.Andtherearetwomaterialsandfivedifferentsizes ofcross-sectionsinthismodel.

Result: 80%,theutilizationisacceptable.

Result: 0.2cm,thedisplacementisacceptable.Thedisplacementmainlyappearsinthe terminaloftheYstructurewhichisusedtoconnectwiththebottomoftheegg throughthestring.This2mmtolerancecanbesolvedbythespringforcingtheegg.

Escapepod

Anescapepodistryingtoholdingthe"seed"thatis droppingfromthearmatureandluggage.Thepod ismadebyplastics,bolts,andnuts.Acurve surfaceisconstructedondoublemisplaced plasticsgridsfixedtogetherbybolts.

OtherWork:optimize

Trytoshapethearmaturetobemoreexpressive.