SHENG LIN portfolio 2014-2016 by Lin Sheng

SHENG LIN PORTFOLIO 2014-2016

SHENG LIN PORTFOLIO 林昇作品集

CONTENT Assignment 3-2 ATTACHABLE DIVISION

P. 01-10

Assignment 2-2 THE JOURNEY BACK HOME

P. 11-23

Assignment 1-1 Mr.2小馮馮的逆襲-決戰便當街

P. 24-30

Assignment 1-2 THE SUN NEVER SETS

P. 31-33

人本

P. 34-38

FLOATIONG WAVES

P. 39-42

RESUME

P. 43-44

site_ original environment

site_ concept 01, 02

site_ reference

site_ concept 03

site_ about Foehn

architectural drawing _ plan & section

site_ analysis / setting environment

model_ axonometric / function / activity

連接北邊與南邊的區塊，作為基地的橋樑藉由分割這項元素，重新定義實與虛之間的關係高低的落差與環境間的差異，藉由建築達到對應基地適合的狀態能夠讓行為在空間中與基地中自由穿梭

As a bridge, connecting the north and south of the site. By dividing, this element, to redefine the relationship between the physical and virtual. With the rolling height and different environments, the way of design achieves the corresponding and appropriate state . Allow activities to shuttle freely on the site.

conclusion / collection

Assignment 3-2

ATTACHABLE DIVISION

SITE ENVIRONMENT_two appearances

site_ original environment

The upper 在酷熱與強風下的極端氣候環境，居住者必需採用自然的物理條件來達到居住的舒適性 The habitant need to achieve the comfort of living with natural physical methods in extreme climate. The lower 峽谷下的溪流帶來一股清涼的氣息，直接日照的隔離也讓這與地面環境形成對比的幽暗氛圍，如何降低濕氣與昏暗的不適感成為須面對的問題之一 Under the valley, the stream brings a breath of cool, but it also be isolated from directive sunlight, so it′s darker than the ground, and how to reduce the moisture and dim is one of the problems to be faced. Original condition of the site 1. 地型起伏 (-10 m ~ +7 m) topography (-10 m to +7 m) height

tree

2. 中間受到峽谷 (-30 m) 分割成兩大區塊 Site is divided by valley (-30 m) into two blocks.

+700 +500

3. 本身基地上有六棵樹 Six trees on the site.

+300

4. 風向: 西北-東南 Wind: northwest - southeast southeast - northwest 5.

+200 +100 ±0

The space

-500

在地面與地下這兩個極度差異的環境之間共築一個契合的建築空間且須展現出共融性與合宜的居住環境這個建築體的外貌與內部空間將展現出一種衝突之間所產生的結果，象徵對上下不同氣候與地理條件的一種回應

-1000 -3000 (㎝)

valley

Building a space between the ground and underground in extreme differences environment, and need to be a fit and comfortable space. The appearance and the interior space will show a conflict between the results, in responseto the different climatic and geographical conditions.

site_ reference Changbin

Reference-definition

Foehn_schematic diagram Chenggong

Haiduan

Humidity:

Chihshang

Yanping

+3000

Dunghe

+2000

-0.6℃/100m 1℃/100m

Beinan

Temperature:

+1000

Taitung

-1℃/100m

一小時內上升2.5℃以上且實際氣溫值均在30℃以上 Rise above 2.5 ℃ within one hour, and the actual temperature values were above 30 ℃

Lyudao

±0 Jinfong Taimali

Gradient

下降率超過15%以上且濕度低均在60%以下 (相對溼度) The rate of decline more than 15%, and low humidity was below 60% (Relative humidity)

55~100% 16~30% 6~15% ＜5%

Daren

Dawu

位於台灣之東南端，東臨太平洋，西倚中央山脈中斷主稜，東北側有海岸山脈屏障，兩山脈接成東北往西南走向，整體呈東西窄南北長之形狀。擁有海拔至3666m的關山

當地為副熱帶季風氣候，均溫攝氏約23度，日照強烈，蒸發量高，因此空氣較為乾燥。

Taitung is located in the southeastern tip of Taiwan, east of the Pacific Ocean, and west-side relies on the main ridge of the Central Mountain, there are barriers of Seashore Mountain in the northeast side, the two mountains connect from northeast to southwest, Guanshan is 3666 m above sea level in the vicinity.

Local is subtropical monsoon climate, the average temperature of about 23 ℃, strong sunlight, high evaporation, so that the air is dry.

[ 2012 8/1~8/2 ] Data Analysis

picture of foehn

INTROUCTION Conditional genetic 自低層到高層的高空風強且與山脈交角大，風向垂直於山脈的風量大且水氣多 Large angle between the strong wind and high mountains, perpendicular direction of the wind to mountains at hign speed, having huge quantities of steam.

Frontal Peripheral circulation (Southwesterly airstream) typhoon

00 80 60

The changing of humidity during the past 24 hours.

The changing of temperature during the past 24 hours.

h (%) 20 [relative] 0 hours

07:30 8/1

8/2

07:30 8/2

Conclusion:

焚風發生時，溫度明顯上升，相對溼度下降

When foehn occurs, the temperature rose significantly, also the relative humidity decreased during the six hours.

30 t (℃) 25 hours

07:30 8/1

A 120°0’E

25°30’N

8/2

07:30 8/2

台東區域出現焚風時，颱風中心可能範圍 When foehn occured in Taitung, the center of range of typhoon.

2500 2000

121°50’E Taitung city

引發台東焚風之案例以中度颱風為主，其中以A路徑發生次數最多，B路徑其次 Instances raised the foehn in Taitung mainly moderate typhoon-based, occuring most often in the path A, B path followed.

台東為發生焚風次數最多的地方，較於台灣其它地區

1500 1000

23°40 N

500

-70

-60

Topography 剖面山勢具有一定的高度(2000~2500m)且寬度窄 The width of the narrow mountain profiles have a certain height (Taitung-based)

-50

-40

-30

-20

southwest

-10

0 (m)

Taitung’s foehn occurred the most often times in Taiwan.

Forming principle 迎風面每上升100m下降0.65℃(濕空氣) 背風面每下降100m上升1℃(乾燥空氣) 下衝氣流因壓力變大，容積被壓縮所以溫度上升 Windward, rising every 100m fall 0.65 ℃ (humid air) Leeward side, droping 100m rise 1 ℃ (dry air) Due to pressure increases, the volume of downburst is compressed, and the temperature do rise. Range 範圍不拘，方圓可超過100 km，時間最短2小時最長17小時 (3~6居多) Informal range, the radius of more than 100km, the shortest in 2 hours up to 17 hours (majority in 3-6 hours )

落山風 Chinook 在來源為乾燥的東北季風，冬季發生較多，越過之處為山脈尾段，落差不大，加上風速效應有減溫的趨勢，在新竹則稱為「九降風」 From the dry northeast monsoon, occuring more in winter. Crossing the mountains in the tail section which is not high, and the effect of wind decreases temperature, Hsinchu is called "Winds of September"

Chinook 東北季風

northeast monsoon

冬季

Foehn 西南氣流

southwesterly airstream

夏季

winter

summer

乾燥

潮濕

dry

wet

Taitung

comparision between Chinook and Foehn Section of the southwest Observatory

site_ about Foehn

Change in the weather Disaster and Influence

溫度上升 Temperature rise

可燃物質自燃現象發生 The phenomenon of spontaneous combustion of combustible material.

濕度劇降 the sharp drop in humidity

皮膚經長時間暴露下，則有紅腫發癢的情況 The skin after prolonged exposure outside, may have itchy swelling.

風向轉變 wind shift 風速增加 wind speed increases 降雨停止 the rainfall stops

Windbreak Plants

風速轉變大，不適合戶外活動 Wind speed changes intensively, it is not suitable for outdoor activities. 農作物受損，影響農民生計 Damage to crops, affecting the livelihood of farmers.

在不考慮設備的情形下,，採用自然人工的手法，種植防風林，藉以改善降低焚風的影響。 Without considering the equipment, the use of natural artificial way, planting windbreak plants to improve the impact of reducing the damage. 為因應焚風的特性，所以選擇的防風林樹種為耐旱、耐強風與最佳防火性的功能。 In response to foehn characteristics, so choose the windbreak tree species, resistance to strong winds and drought, and with the best fire resistance features. 以含水率較高、燃點較高、燃燒重量減少百分率較少、燃燒速度及點著時間較慢的植物特性，做為植物防火性的考量依據，其中草海桐和欖仁樹的防火性較佳，同時也能做為防風林的對象。 In high moisture content, high flash point, burning less weight of reduction percentage, lower speed longtime of combustion of plants characteristic, as the basis for consideration of anti-fire plants. According to the experiements, Terminalia tree and Scaevola taccada are better than others, and they also can do as windbreak object.

Terminalia catappa 防風林種植密度 60~80%最適合，防風範圍為7.5倍樹的高度為距離，風速最小在 1~4倍樹高的範圍內 Windbreak planting density of 60 to 80% is suitable for reducing the effect in range of 7.5 times height of the tree, the minimum windspeed within the range of 1 to 4 times height .

10m Scaevola taccada 3m

匍匐狀常綠多年生小灌木，高1~3m 春至夏季開花 Creeping like a small evergreen perennial shrub, high 1 ~ 3m. Bloom in Spring to summer. (防風、定砂、綠化和美化)

落葉喬木，高可達10m 夏季開花 Deciduous trees, can up to 10m. Bloom in summer.

Site Environment

THE SITE_Valley, cliffs, forest and biological behavior. site_ analysis setting environment

Imagination of The site Valley_formivg principle

Section D C B A 05

COOL AIR

DAY

+700 +500 -3000

+300 +200 -3000

+500 +300 +100 ±0 -500 -1000 -3000

WARM AIR

+500 +300 +100 ±0 -500 -1000 -3000

+200 +100 ±0 -3000

C 04

Foehn and valley are important elements of the site. Because of the hot air rises up with water vapor and leads to drop the air temperature, and also increases air humidity. Thus, the north and south side of surface have different look. Valley is transition zone between two side. To preserve the original appearance of the site. Naturally, according to the sum of the previous features, the building will be suited at the intersection of the dividing line .

NIGHT

#environment #ecology #entertainments

+700 +200 +100 ±0 -1000 -3000

-500 -1000 -3000

-1000 -3000

+700 +200 +100 ±0 -1000 -3000

COOL AIR

山谷風的形成，跟日夜地表散、受熱程度差異所導致白天，山頭受熱形成低壓，相對谷底為高壓，故風從高壓往地壓處吹，此時為谷風，相反地，晚上山頭冷谷底保有溫度，此時則出現山風

paragliding

Resulting in the formation of the valley and mountain winds, with the differences in heat dissipation during the whole day. During the day, the hills are surrounded by low pressure, and the bottom is relatively high pressure, so the winds move from the high pressure to the hill, this suituation is called valley wind. Conversely, is called mountain wind.

水氣(峽谷)

Valley

焚風

Foehn

範圍

Range of Building

star-watching

+3000 ㎝ ▲

camping

-1000 ㎝ ▲

fishing

-1700 ㎝ ▼

scuba-diving

-2200 ㎝ ▼

Alpine tundra 3400 m

Alpine grassland

3300 m

Surface

Coniferous forest 2500 m

Mixed coniferous and deciduous forest

焚風與峽谷為此基地的重要元素，熱風因谷中的水氣往上帶而空氣的溫度下降，也增加了空氣的濕度，使左右地表上的植被有不同的面貌，峽谷的位置為基地的中間點也是中和點，為了保留基地本身的原貌，兩道分割線為此基地的特色，自然地，總和前面的結果，空間的立足處則會在分割線的交叉點

1800 m

Broadleaf forest 500 m

Acacia trees

Taiwan_Vertical distribution of main forest

Taiwan Hemlock Yushan bamboo Mixed coniferous and deciduous tree forest Oak forest Sweet oak Afforestation Farmland

Taitung_Vegetation Ecology map

Conceptual Development site_ concept 01, 02

01 STRUCTURE type_1

type_2

type_3 A

D 01

X-axis

section

Y-axis

section A~D X-axis

從水平垂直向剖面，旋轉90度後形成X/Y 兩軸線空間交叉，由虛定義實

section 01~05 Y-axis

From the horizontal to the vertical section, after rotating 90 degrees, the formation of X / Y space mix each other , defined by the virtual.

section

A 01

02 PERSPECTIVE

在谷中所產生的深度透視，隨著動線改變遊走 Depth perspective in the valley, changing with the flow.

三角形生成的空間

triangular space

開口產生的透視

opened perspective

透視的空間作為視線的開口

view of perspective

image_1

image_2

Conceptual Development concept model 1~9

site_ concept 03

03 CIRCULATION

09 運用似七巧板的手法，從地形中的紋理(三角形)，以分解與旋轉的方式依序排列。 Using the method like Tangram, decomposing and rotating the terrain of site to find the order.

#site #height #divided line

B architectural drawing plan & section

塊體經分割後，隙縫所產生的虛空間為彼此相互交流的動線

PLAN

After the block is divided, the void space of the gap produce flows to communicate with each other.

+1950 1 2

B’ SECTION B-B’ 1

中介空間，除了是動線外也界定了公共與私密、開放與封閉的關係 semi-space, except as flows also defines relationship of public and private, open and closed.

PLAN

void

+1650 1 2

main circulation

PLAN

樓梯，垂直動線的移動，主要在建築的東南側，東側為主要的活動空間，西側為導入氣流的通風管，讓風能穿透進內部空間

+1250 1 2

Axis changes

Stairs Mainly, vertical movement in the southeast side of the building,

A’

the east side, event space with activities,

PLAN

+950 1 2

PLAN

SECTION A-A’ 1

+550 1 2

PLAN

the west side, the space of ventialation allows winds to penetrate into the interior.

+150 1 2

model_ axonometric function activity

cool air

Function

livingroom diningroom kitchen

game room

study room

balcony warm air

entrance

bedroom bathroom terrace

storage bathroom

1 Material Position Function / feature

2 Nylon mesh the roof to against the foehn.

3 Stainless steel wire the entrance / exist of ventialation space To filter and condense water vapor, when flowing into the space.

Stainless metal lower entrance light weight and moistureproof

conclusion collection

Conclusion 建築在基地紋理中所扮演的角色? 為何放在峽谷之上? 動線與內部空間的關係，如何與環境作呼應? What roles do the Building play in the site of the texture? Why do the building locate on top of the valley? The relationship between the circulation and interior space, how to echo the environment of the site?

連接北邊與南邊的區塊，作為基地的橋樑藉由分割這項元素，重新定義實與虛之間的關係高低的落差與環境間的差異，藉由建築達到對應基地適合的狀態能夠讓行為在空間中與基地中自由穿梭 As a bridge, connecting the north and south of the site. By dividing, this element, to redefine the relationship between the physical and virtual. With the rolling height and different environments, the way of design achieves the corresponding and appropriate state . Allow activities to shuttle freely on the site.

Collection [ CONCEPT 01~03 ] #PERSPECTIVE #STRUCTURE #CIRCULATION

Assignment 2-2

THE JOURNEY BACK HOME Time and space mutually staggered

FCU

Subway Section 2,3 Taiyuan Rd.

Henan Rd.

Greenway

HOME 01

THE JOURNEY BACK HOME

Library I am familiar with it .

圖書館一排排的書架，也是自己常彌留與遊蕩的地方。 To loiter in leisure time between bookshelfs

穿越漫遊沉澱的身體

On the way Greenway 23:20~30 Silent atmosphere came, when I had ridden here.

隙縫 the gap between trees

矮房 residents

筆直 straightforward

The mood become smooth, and helped me start thinking calmly

穿越漫遊沉澱的身體

On the way Subway 23:35~40 The feeling of space was changed intensively at high speed.

暗→亮寬→窄 dim → bright roomy → narrow

封閉開放 confined space but opened

亮→暗窄→寬 bright → dim narrow → roomy

穿越漫遊沉澱的身體

On the way

Home 01

entry

living room

SECTION OF EXPIRENCE 1m

b. 2 1 PLAN

0.5m

a. entry b. living room

23:50 Opened the door, I also be attracted by frenchment. Whether the livingroom’s light still opened or not.

23:52 Entered the livingroom, Mom came to me and gave me a deep hug, saying:「Safe return!」

記憶共享親近的場域 Home 02 Sharing Family 1

3 b.

bed room

SECTION OF EXPIRENCE entry

living room

a. 1

c. PLAN

a. bed room

大窗 Window

在客廳用餐 Have meals in the livingroom.

餐桌 Dining-table

06:30 Mom always hung clothes up in my bedroom in the morning.

12:00 Moved the table with my father, preparing for launch.

b. living room c. entry

13:00

End of the meal, we returned the table to living room.

眺望圍繞起伏的地景 Nature Studio Building

PLAN

a. studio SECTION OF EXPIRENCE 1m 2m

b. balcony

挑高 High Ceiling

開放 Opening

平靜 Calm

00:30 Sit in front of studio-desk, and tried to overlook the sceney.

terrace

dining room kitchen

toilet

bedroom

living room bathroom

FIRST FLOOR PLAN 1m

balcony toilet

storage

bathroom

bedroom studio

SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1m

SECTION OF EXPIRENCE 1m

一連串的記憶穿梭在走道上，每個轉折與角落都在說著不同的經驗與回憶。

平台為核心精神的空間，是上與下共享的重要媒介。

To travel back and forth. At each turning points and corners, speaking the different memories and stories.

Terrace as the core spirit of the space, is an important semi-space between upper and lower.

SECTION OF EXPIRENCE 1m

一條狹窄的走道上，有著在圖書館中在書牆獨自遊走的經驗。 The narrow walkway, having an experience of wandering alone in the library.

the photos of model

Assignment 1-1_Mr.2小馮馮的逆襲-決戰便當街

在逢甲突進城裡，Mr.2帶著傷重昏迷的魯夫來到唯一的逃生走廊--『便當街』，而守候在這裡的敵人是犬犬(犬犬果實能力者)與鼠鼠(鼠鼠果實能力者)，犬犬跟鼠鼠能利用各攤販(行為)與便當街特色(空間)創造出對Mr.2極為不利的戰鬥模式。Mr.2也分析了一下他的人妖拳法後發現，除了前後端點，中間還需要六個停留點才能到便當街的另一端。

平面轉換到空間，中國書法並不只能在紙張上揮毫表現，它也能利用肢體語言的方式來表達陳述，雲門舞集《行草》為例子，運用永字八法的各筆法，來串連個個停留點；側、勒、努、趯、策、掠、硺、磔。身體的每個動作，力道、速度與每個瞬間的轉換，呈現出力與美和空間中的關係。

BEHAVIORS IN THE SITE

THE IMAGE OF MODEL STAYPOINTS 01-08

01_WIND 緩慢流動 02_SUN 迅速升落

03_LIGHT 敏捷包覆 04_GARBAGE 緊張繞路

05_NOISE 激烈動線 06_SHADOW 險峻包覆

07_TRAFFIC TOOL 沉重動線 08_CROSSING 釋放場域

Assignment 1-2_THE SUN NEVER SETS MOVABLE PRINCIPLE

MOTOR

ECCENTRIC GEAR

HYDRAULIC PRESSURE

STRANDBEEST

Engine that runs on a heat source. Pretty cool in my opinion, works by the gas heating/expanding, then cooling to pull back the piston. Very quiet and used almost exclusively in submarines.

Combustion chamber Piston

Used mostly for motorcycles, and other smaller types of vehicles. Great on efficiency, with decent power. Pretty loud sometimes

Load B

Crankshaft

Simple hydraulic jack system The pressure throughout the hydraulic fluid is assumed to be constant

Pump

Ram Hydraulic Fluid

BACKGROUND 一開始定義”日”；太陽所運行的軌跡，在日不落城裡，變成太陽繞地球公轉，城市處在半球之上，太陽不斷以螺旋方向運轉，由上到下、下到上，反覆運行。因為太陽繞行軌跡的改變造成人類的行為改變；太陽在至高點與低點時，處於休息的狀態，中間點，則為主要活動的時間範圍

大量的齒輪與繩索為空間主要的動力和媒介來源偏心齒輪eccentric gears線來固定拉動板，屋頂得以掀開，內部空間才可被轉換

PLAN_ELEVATION_SECTION

habitants

R:屋頂(板牆) L:居住地 D:裝置與開關(蝴蝶鉸鍊)

一層層的面相疊而成

between water and land

城市呈水平方向，分為上中下層 A: T 為主要遮蔽的板和牆 B: M居住空間 C: B 裝置運行的位置

箭頭:移動的方向 Step1~4:移動的順序和步驟

居住空間以垂直水平組成，格狀

陰影與刻度上細微的變化(時間)

cortex of roof top of view

人本建築，組構的行為，構造的動作

一個以人的生活動作所操作出的空間結果──純粹以人為本體的基本單位空間。

二個字加起來作為名詞時，便因構造而產生的結果或實體。

CONTENT

Life

開始分析並記錄“人” 在一天24小時中的行為：早上8點，起床；早上10點，工作；中午12點，吃飯… ….，每個動作。發現人體軸線皆會與周圍空間互動成一特定折線，再將這些生活曲線重疊壓縮成線與面最後組成體。

Concept

Perspective

DESIGN PROCESS

01 Thinking 02 Observation 03 Concept 04 Framework

05 Plan Elevation & Section 06 Models 07 Rearrangement 08 Final Presentation

MATERIALS

01 sketching paper

analysis

conceptualization

05 2D

materials

06 3D

modify

瓦楞紙板白木條白膠 07 modulation

3D Presentation-scale model

01 左右側板

02 上下側板

垂直向墊板

瓦楞紙板裁切好後，依照編號排序，用似井字的手法相交堆疊。每層為四塊上下左右不同形狀厚度相同的板為單位。

BASIC DRAWING

PERMUTATION

step1 step1

step2

1-2

1-1

1-3

SECTION A

SECTION B

SECTION C

SECTION D

step1

Original

step2

1-4

1-5

藉由空間的重組，將促成空間能有更多的可能性以中間主體與附體做翻轉，主體不動為主要結構支撐所在內嵌木條關節，利用轉與彎的方式，將彼此連結在一起 PLAN A

PLAN B

Teachers:

趙又嬋沈宏霖

Members:

余尚芸王宓琦梁妍江岳彭意庭林昇

兩岸的交流，對不同材質和結構的詮釋，每個作品都相當精彩，這次我們運用瓦楞紙作為主要的空間結構組成。近一個禮拜的工作營，除了學到許多實作過程外，也體驗了當地的風土民情，是個寶貴的學習經驗。

TTT WORKSHOP 2016 TOKYO Theme: Tokyo used to have many small streets called “ROJI” and it creats traditional Tokyo’s city space. We will propose small ROJI PAVILLION which is going to popped up in the small streets, pocket park or inside the property to change the situstion in Tokyo

There are many houses around the orange part, and the site is close to the main big road, and why we choose this area, because it has the bigger space and pure environment of components, and also many behaviors can happen easily in this flexible space. The strategy is that we put into a system to change the activity of habitants, make them to go outside and have more connection with visitors and neighbors.

SITE PLAN

Analysis of Site

Diagram

Image of the site

ă&#x20AC;&#x17D;More privacy, more connectionsă&#x20AC;?is one of main ideas. And we make a contrast between the general and parts of the site we choose, type A and type B are different distance of width, B is larger than A. Connections may be natural elements, just like winds, sounds, light etc, our goal is design the curtain system to combine them. Residents can walk in semi-private space ( yellow part), and they would have a good time.

Elevation

Perspective

The photo of final model

RESUME

Sheng Lin •12 F, No. 90 Yuxian Rd, Taiping Dist Taichung City, Taiwan R.O.C. •+886 985894896 •s09859496@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Feng Chia University, Dept. of Architecture Feng Chia University, Dept. of Civil Engineering

Sep. 2014 - Present Sep. 2013 - Jun. 2014

WORK EXPERIENCES

中建海峽杯第二屆海峽兩岸大學生實體建構大賽 Strait International Conference and Exhibition Center Fuzhou, Fujian

Aug 06-10. 2015

•Use cardboards to build the structure that people can have behaviors in it. •Lead the team to work step by step.

TTT WORKSHOP 2016 TOKYO The University of Tokyo Tokyo

Mar 23-29. 2016

•Take pictures and sketch the perspectives in Roji. •Use technical skills to collage the photos and lay out the printed pages.

AWARDS

優勝獎中建海峽杯第二屆海峽兩岸大學生實體建構大賽

Aug. 2015

入選獎 [SHINJINSEN 2015 in Taiwan] The Far Eastern Architecture Young Talent Award

Sep. 2015

優選 SHINJINSEN 2016 in Taichung

Feb. 2016

LANGUAGE

Taiwanese Traditional Chinese English

SKILLS

Adobe Illustrator CS6 Photoshop CS6 AutoCAD 2016 Rhinoceros 5 Grasshopper Watercolor and Chinese Calligraphy Sketching Hand drafting Model making