Winter 2013-14 • Vol. 4, No. 2
M a t e r i a l s • Te c h n o l o g y • Tr e n d s
Lafayette College Arts Plaza in Easton, Pa. A former auto-repair site is re-imagined into an open-air plaza
PERMEABLE PAVERS: Two projects demonstrate their immediate impact and long-term worth
GREEN BUILDING: LCAs and EPDs are the next requirement for truly sustainable buildings
*International Building Code (IBC), International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)
A-5338-0613 ©2013 LATICRETE International, Inc. All trademarks shown are the intellectual properties of their respective owners.
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Winter 2013-14 Volume 4, Number 2
table of
contents
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features Pavers On the cover: Lafayette College Arts Plaza in Easton, Pa. Spillman Farmer Architects of Bethlehem, Pa., transformed a former auto-repair facility into a dynamic outdoor teaching space that responds to its natural environment and built context.
12 Permeable Paver Makes The Grade The University Of Minnesota Duluth revisits a paver project six years after AZEK Permeable Pavers were installed side-by-side with traditional concrete pavers. By Carey Walley
Pavers
18 The Functionality of Pavers An award-winning project in Palmetto, Fla., transforms a former football field into a public park, complete with permeable pavers to minimize stormwater runoff.
Green Building
24 Product Benchmarking for Greener Buildings Selecting masonry products requires consideration of a number of attributes – performance, aesthetics and cost, to name just a few. If you’re working on a green building, the list grows. By Julie Rapoport
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M a s o n r y D e s i g n | Winter 2013-14
Materials • Technology • Trends
Innovative solutions for high quality buildings and construction Ashland products perform in a variety of applications including cement based tile adhesives, gypsum plasters, renders, joint compounds, concrete, external insulation and finishing systems (EIFS), masonry and mortar cements and self-leveling compounds (SLC). They provide functional properties including thickening and rheology control, water retention, adhesive strength, binding power, film formation, conditioning and deposition, colloid stabilization, suspending, and emulsifying action. Ashland Aquatherm™ specialty water-soluble polymers are an innovative cellulose ether based chemistry. These high performance polymers represent a significant advancement in polymer technology as they address the inability of mortar to retain water when used in extremely hot environments. Ashland Aquatherm allows higher water retention in the mortar during mixing and upon application which results in very high quality finishing systems. Customers benefit from superior performance consisting of year round construction, no reduction in quality, lower labor and material costs, and less mortar waste. Aquapas™ redispersable polymer powders, used in combination with Culminal™ cellulose ethers and Ashland Aquatherm specialty water-soluble polymers, offer differentiated performance benefits for tile adhesives, EIFS, SLC, and gypsum based applications. For more information: Ashland Specialty Ingredients * 8#0 0'4# 9 '*+',%2-, #* 9 6 ashland.com/construction construction@ashland.com
www.masonrydesignmagazine.com LIONHEART PUBLISHING, INC. 506 Roswell Street, Suite 220, Marietta, GA 30060 Tel: 770.431.0867 Fax: 770.432.6969 E-mail: lpi@lionhrtpub.com www.masonrydesignmagazine.com Publisher
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Editor
Managing Editor
Art Director
features
Assistant Art Director
John Llewellyn llewellyn@lionhrtpub.com
Cory Sekine-Pettite cory@lionhrtpub.com
Jennifer Morrell jmorrell@lionhrtpub.com
Alan Brubaker albrubaker@lionhrtpub.com
Jim McDonald jim@lionhrtpub.com
Project Spotlight
30 Lafayette College Arts Plaza in Easton, Pa. Knitting repurposed historic dormitory with new construction creates cost-effective facility with LEED gold certification. Edited by Cory Sekine-Pettite
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Online Projects Manager
Patton McGinley patton@lionhrtpub.com
Advertising Sales Director
Marvin Diamond marvin@lionhrtpub.com
Advertising Sales
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Art Shaeffer art@lionhrtpub.com
Reprints
Kelly Millwood kelly@lionhrtpub.com
Subscriptions
Amy Halvorsen amyh@lionhrtpub.com
The editorial mission of Masonry Design is to educate and inform architects, engineers and specifiers about the vital role that masonry plays in the construction markets in the United States and Canada, as well as to promote masonry and masonry systems in building design (commercial, residential, institutional and educational), interior design and hardscaping applications. With each issue, readers will become better informed of the design trends, latest materials and newest technologies that will aid them in creating better masonry projects. Masonry Design (ISSN 1941-0975) is published quarterly by Lionheart Publishing, Inc. Subscription Rates – For a free subscription to Masonry Design and Masonry Design eNews, sign up at www.masonrydesignmagazine.com. Click on Subscribe.
columns & departments 6 Letter from the Editor 8 Industry News 34 Supplies 35 Index to Advertiser’s 4
M a s o n r y D e s i g n | Winter 2013-14
Copyright © 2014 by Lionheart Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. The copyright owner, however, does consent to a single copy of an article being made for personal use. Otherwise, except under circumstances within “fair use” as defined by copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced, displayed or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner, Lionheart Publishing, Inc. Send e-mail permission requests to cory@lionhrtpub.com. Disclaimer – The statements and opinions in the articles of this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Lionheart Publishing, Inc. or the editorial staff of Masonry Design or any sponsoring organization. The appearance of advertisements in this magazine is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised. Materials • Technology • Trends
from the editor
| by Cory Sekine-Pettite
Photo courtesy of hirosatophotography.com
Retaining Walls
Cory Sekine-Pettite, editor To make comments or suggestions, send e-mail to cory@lionhrtpub.com.
Recently, my neighborhood association embarked on a somewhat ambitious project (ambitious for our little community, anyway) to replace all of our treated-lumber retaining walls with a more long-term and maintenance-free option. In the end, the board chose a concrete block system with a stone appearance. This segmented retaining wall system not only is aesthetically pleasing, but the two-tone colors blend seamlessly with the facade of the homes in the neighborhood. I couldn’t be more pleased with the results, and I suspect my neighbors approve as well. Until this project was underway, I never gave much thought to retaining walls, having never built one myself or requiring that one be designed and built for me. Of course, I have written about them in the past and published articles from industry experts, but then I moved on to other projects – other articles. Now, however, I have a newfound appreciation for retaining structures. I take notice every morning of the new wall outside my home as I leave for work. It always puts a smile on my face. That new wall isn’t just retaining soil; it has beautified my community, increased my pride in my locality, and undoubtedly improved property values. When was the last time you thought about the retaining walls in your neighborhood, or in your own backyard? Are you missing out on an opportunity to improve the appearance of your home? Better still, have you completed a retaining wall project recently that you think deserves to be
Concrete block retaining wall with a stone appearance.
shared with the masonry design community? If so, please let me know. I would be happy to consider it for publication in the magazine. ◗MD
highlights coming in
Spring ‘14 Follow our Blog: http://masonrydesignblog.wordpress.com/
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M a s o n r y D e s i g n | Winter 2013-14
Materials • Technology • Trends
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Industry News
Laticrete Expands Restoration and Decorative Product Lines with Acquisition of L&M Construction Chemicals Laticrete International Inc. has acquired L&M Construction Chemicals Inc. (L&M). The acquisition will provide Laticrete customers access to new products and technologies while expanding the company’s presence in the restoration and decorative concrete category. Headquartered in Omaha, Neb., L&M produces a diverse line of concrete construction chemicals, including coatings, sealers, construction grouts, patch and repair mortars, and color hardeners for polished concrete. “This combination strengthens Laticrete and the L&M brands alike,” said David A. Rothberg, chairman and CEO of Laticrete. “Through this acquisition, L&M’s brand portfolio will gain access to Laticrete manufacturing capabilities, sales representation, marketing, and support services. Laticrete customers, in turn, will enjoy access to some of the most innovative decorative and restoration products on the market.” Over the past two years, Laticrete has expanded its restoration and decorative product line through
strategic acquisitions and partnerships. This acquisition follows the 2011 acquisition of DRYTEK® Flooring Solutions LLC and formation of the Laticrete Supercap LLC joint venture. “My family and I thank our customers, distributors and partners for their many years of support,” said Greg Schwietz, owner of L&M. “This is a very exciting time for the L&M brand. I am confident we have found the right company in Laticrete to provide the best future support and growth opportunities.” Under the new ownership, the L&M brand and product portfolio will leverage the many resources and opportunities Laticrete offers, including: nationwide manufacturing facilities, an expanded team of sales representatives, global research and development capabilities, an enhanced architectural presence, and, access to a nationwide distribution system. L&M’s product lines will continue to carry the L&M name, and the company’s manufacturing and sales functions will remain in Omaha. The acquisition is expected to take three months. Integration of manufacturing, sales and service functions will occur throughout 2014.
Business Briefs Todd Vigil Joins Knutson Construction as Vice President of Project Development Knutson Construction Services announces that Todd Vigil has joined the firm as VP of project development. As a member of Knutson’s executive leadership team, Vigil will guide the organization in establishing and maintaining strong relationships with existing clients, design professionals and new clients. He also will work with owners and project teams in the early stage of projects to facilitate a partnerTodd Vigil ship and provide 8
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expertise on schedules and estimates to ensure long-term project success, the company says. Prior to joining Knutson, Vigil was director of business development at M.A. Mortenson Co. As a veteran in the commercial construction industry, Vigil’s experience includes professional and collegiate sports, casinos, performing art centers and educational facilities. “With over 20 years of experience in commercial construction, Todd will bring strong leadership to our organization, our clients, and our partners,” stated Knutson President and CEO Steve Curry. Vigil has a bachelor’s degree from Central Michigan University in facility management with minors in business administration and industrial technology. ◗MD
Firestone Building Products Launches Enverge Cavity Wall Products Firestone Building Products Company LLC, has introduced a new line of Enverge™ Cavity Wall Products. The portfolio includes: continuous insulation (CI) exterior wall insulation (available in two facer options: coated fiberglass mat facer and aluminum foil facer), air and vapor barrier, and thru-wall flashing. These individual products work together to improve thermal performance and prevent thermal bridging in commercial buildings, the company says. “At Firestone Building Products we are focused on innovating products that lend to superior building performance. The launch of the Enverge line highlights the importance of the compatibility of products used in building envelope design in order to reach peak energy efficiency,” said Chris Tobias, cavity wall business development manager at Firestone Building Products. “This line, combined with our compatibility warranty, guarantees the integrity of the assembly of materials will not be compromised while in contact with one another. “The Enverge portfolio benefits everyone from the architect to the contractor to the owner. From flexible building envelope design to installation ease, dimensional stability to significant energy savings, this system works harder to help a building achieve peak performance,” concluded Tobias. For more information, visit the Firestone Building Products website: http://firestonebpco.com.
2013 NCMA/ICPI Design Awards of Excellence Winners Announced The National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) and the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI) announced the winners of the 2013 NCMA/ICPI Design Awards of Excellence. These winning projects, architects, designers, and product producers are recognized for their outstanding use of concrete masonry units, manufactured Materials • Technology • Trends
stone veneer and manufactured concrete hardscape products in the commercial, residential and landscape markets. The Design Awards Program serves as a venue to showcase the design versatility of these products and how they are successfully used in today’s building applications. The distinguished jury panel consisted of William T. Brown, AIA; Robb Jolly, RA; Sandy Hunter, LC DTCI; and Edward D. Weaver, AIA, LEED AP. Awards of Excellence – Commercial United States Navy Human Resources Service Center San Diego, CA Architect: James Robbins, Principal/RJC Architects, Inc. Block Producer: ORCO Block Co., Inc.
Award of Excellence – Commercial Fullerton Community Center City of Fullerton, CA Architect: Robert R.Coffee/Robert R. Coffee Architect + Associates Block Producer: ORCO Block Co., Inc.
Design Award of Honor – Sustainability Paramount High School Athletic Complex Paramount, CA Architect; Don Pender, AIA, Principal/LPA, Inc. Block Producer: ORCO Block Co., Inc.
Design Award of Honor – Landscape River Living on a Curve Gloucester, VA Architect: David Barglof/Mid Atlantic Enterprises Inc. Landscape Architect: Adam Heath/Mid Atlantic Enterprises Inc. SRW Producer/Supplier: Allan Block/Nitterhouse Masonry Products Paver Producer: Unilock
Award of Honor – Manufactured Stone Veneer Bella Terra Shopping Center Huntington Beach, CA Architect: Nick McNeil Architects Block Producer/Supplier: Coronado Stone Products
Hörning Stone Design LLC Launches in Los Angeles Begun to introduce America to a new style of stone veneer patterns ideal
Award of Excellence – Commercial
for dry stack installation, Hörning Stone Design is the brainchild of Daniel Hörning and his wife, Nancy. The company’s philosophy, is “organic shapes in geometrical order.” “Nowadays, the selection of pattern styles is large; therefore, we believe our distinct designs stand out in the market,” said Daniel, who hails from southern France, where – according to his online biography – he developed a sixth sense relationship with nature and overall fascination with stones. Natural stone is the gateway to his inspiration and drive. The company’s mission is to create the
Bluestone Flower
Chocolate Giraffe
Colorado Lions
Middle Street Intermodal Center City & County of Honolulu, HI Architect: John J.Ida/Urban Works, Inc. Block Producer/Supplier: TileCo Inc.
Design Award of Honor – Commercial
Your Moisture Solution for Exterior Walls
Santa Monica Beach Rest Rooms Santa Monica State Beach, Santa Monica, CA Architect: Ralph Roesling/Roesling Nakamura Terada Architects, Inc. Block Producer: Trenwyth Industries, Inc./Angelus Block Company, Inc.
Design Award of Excellence – Residential Paso Robles Residence Paso Robles, CA Architect: Peter Larsen, Joshua Aidlin, David Darling/Aidlin Darling Design Block Producer: Basalite Concrete Products, LLC
Design Award of Honor – Residential The F-5 Residence Indian Wells, CA Architect: Sean Lockyer/ARD Block Producer: ORCO Block Co., Inc.
Design Award of Excellence – Sustainability A Museum Turned Inside Out – Red Rock Canyon Visitor Center Las Vegas, NV Architect: Jared Logue/Line & Space, LLC Producer/Supplier: Tri-Delta/Superlite Block
www.masonrydesignmagazine.com
Contact Keene for Driwall™ Rainscreen Samples! 877-514-5336 info@keenebuilding.com www.keenebuilding.com
Winter 2013-14 | M a s o n r y D e s i g n
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Industry News impossible. “We design indoor and outdoor functional stone art based on solid masonry experience,” says Daniel. “An added investment, both emotionally and financially, Diamond these creations are a portal leading from the outside world to your own personal utopia. As natural stone is a material fallen from the stars, the potential is endless.” Daniel has comSkirball California pleted many projects in his native France, and he is anxious to continue his masonry design career in the United States. Hörning Stone Design works in the following areas: • Design of stone pattern drawn to scale of installation surface.
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• Selecting the appropriate stone type in regards to color, texture and distinctive traits based on project needs. • Stone cutting and shaping. For more information, visit www. daniel-horning.com/ or call 310.210.4201.
Belgard Launches ‘Style File’ Belgard® Hardscapes is providing homeowners and landscape professionals with new tools for designing and installing hardscape projects with the launch of Belgard.com and its new online idea organizer called the Style File. The website is an easy-to-use hub for information about Belgard pavers, retaining walls, modular water and fire features and finishing touches. It also features the Style File to help users save, organize and share images of their favorite outdoor space ideas
and paver styles. Design recommendations accompany each image to identify pavers that complement each other and provide suggested patterns. Plus, helpful icons identify whether the selected paver is best suited to patios, walkways, driveways or pool decks. “Our Timeless campaign launched earlier this year to show how outdoor spaces allow you to enjoy special moments with friends and family,” said Ken O’Neill, senior VP of marketing for Belgard Hardscapes. “Our new website takes this lifestyle one step further, making it easier for homeowners to organize their ideas and turn that dream into a reality by connecting them to the products and installers they need to get the job done.” The Professional section of the website outlines the benefits of becoming a Belgard Authorized Contractor and the exclusive programs that come with being authorized, such as the 3-D rendering Belgard Design Studio and the new Belgard Virtual Agency. The Belgard Virtual Agency allows Belgard Authorized Contractors to access more than 200 customizable advertising and marketing templates they can use to market their company and services to potential customers. Other highlights of the Professional view include product information such as specs and color swatches, educational opportunities such as Belgard University and “lunch and learns,” and informative sales and marketing support. “We are committed to providing our authorized contractors the tools they need to build their businesses and serve their customers,” O’Neill said. “With the Belgard Virtual Agency, we’re expanding our tool box to give contractors easy, free access to a wide array of marketing templates that will help them build their own business and reach potential customers in their markets.” ◗MD
Materials • Technology • Trends
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Permeable Paver Makes The Grade AZEK Permeable Pavers endure six years of harsh conditions at University of Minnesota, surpassing performance of traditional concrete pavers BY CAREY WALLEY
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Materials • Technology • Trends
Product case studies often examine the potential problem-solving nature of products such as speed of installation, labor savings and the like. But when it comes to performance, it is often expressed by contractors or building managers in terms of expectations for the future, thereby remaining a mystery as to how the product fared months or even years later. In the case of AZEK Permeable Pavers being selected by the University Of Minnesota Duluth (UMD), a paver project was recently revisited six years after the pavers were tested side-byside with traditional concrete pavers. The difference of these recycled-content alternatives compared to concrete pavers is clearly visible: no signs of cracks, minimal wear and tear, damage or color change. The concrete pavers, however, had buckled and raised up on one side, showing cracks and wear. In the fall of 2007, when UMD tested the new paver technology against traditional concrete pavers, the product was a recent invention, available
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Pavers
The pavers are mostly comprised of scrap auto tires, along with some plastics.
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only regionally and through architect spec. In fall of 2011, VAST Enterprises entered a strategic alliance with AZEK Building Products, known for its lowmaintenance line of premium, exterior building products. In December 2012, AZEK bought out the company and AZEK Pavers are now available nationally through lumber dealers that carry AZEK products, greatly expanding the market for the pavers. UMD’s need for a permeable solution came about when they were constructing a new civil engineering building and wrestled with how to manage stormwater runoff on impervious surfaces around the building, being that the campus is located on a designated trout stream that drains into Lake Superior. The university’s Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program (SWPPP) required stormwater treatment so the designer suggested AZEK Permeable Pavers for their water infiltration properties (thanks to spacer lugs on the sides of the pavers) and they’re up to 95 percent recycled content. The pavers are mostly comprised of scrap auto tires, along with some plastics and make it easier to attain LEED points than traditional pavers. Materials • Technology • Trends
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Copyright © 2012 DuPont. All rights reserved. The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont™ and all products denoted with ® or TM are registered trademarks of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates.
Pavers
In fact, AZEK Pavers’ manufacturing to date has diverted more than 10 million pounds of scrap rubber and plastics from U.S. landfills utilizing recycled material from more than 535,000 scrap tires and 16 million plastic food containers and DVD cases, the company reports. Additionally, AZEK reports the manufacturing process also uses 95 percent less energy and produces 96 percent less in CO2 emissions than conventional pavers. For UMD, the big question was how they would perform in sub-freezing Minnesota temperatures, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, the scraping of snowplows, the snow itself and salt used for de-icing. Top it off with heavy truck traffic in a loading dock area and it presented an all-out challenge of a new paver technology versus traditional. Also central to the issue was how AZEK Pavers would manage the rainwater runoff. According to Mindy Granley, UMD’s sustainability coordinator, the soil has a high clay content and is not conducive to absorbing water. “Rainwater from the campus can get down from the top of the hill to Lake Superior in just 10 to 15 minutes,” she said. Granley pointed out that impervious surfaces can impact water quality and that by controlling the volume and speed of the water flow, pollution and erosion are reduced. The AZEK Paver vs. concrete paver test was set up in two high traffic areas. The first was a 600-square-foot loading and storage area expansion of UMD’s plumbing shop where truck deliveries are made. Erik Larson, engineer at UMD, said this was an appropriate test area since it had poor drainage and was frequently muddy after heavy rains and had vehicle, forklift and truck traffic. Set into their unique 16 X 16-inch interlocking grids, AZEK Permeable Pavers were installed next to traditional concrete pavers on the same engineered base. 16
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Materials • Technology • Trends
The second area comprised a 75-square-foot triangular area outside the Sports and Health Center, where the unloading of sports teams and student foot traffic took a toll on the area. Despite attempts by the Building & Grounds division of Facilities Management to landscape the area, students kept cutting through the area. It provided a good proving ground to see how the new permeable pavers handled foot traffic in winter conditions. After a tough Minnesota winter in Spring 2008, UMD deemed the test to be favorable for the new recycled-content permeable pavers. Unlike concrete in the same areas, AZEK Pavers were unaffected, showing no cracks or color fading. The Facilities division went on to complete 990 square feet of pavers in the Civil Engineering building’s loading dock area. UMD also kept the test installation. Six years later, UMD is still encouraged by the new pavers’ performance in all three locations. Whereas the concrete pavers took more of a beating from traffic and snow and ice control, AZEK Permeable Pavers look more like the day they were installed, UMD reports. According to Granley, they have proven to be an effective solution to UMD’s soil conditions, as well as standing up to extreme winter conditions – both natural and man-made. Engineer Larson agreed, adding, “We do intend to use the pavers on future projects.” For more information on AZEK Pavers, visit AZEK Building Products’ website at www.azek.com. ◗MD
Six years later, UMD is still encouraged by the new pavers’ performance in all three locations.
Carey Walley is VP of marketing for CPG Building Products.
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The Functionality of
Pavers
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Materials • Technology • Trends
Decades ago, in every small town in America, the local high school was the center of the community. You attended the school, graduated from there, and then sent your kids there. And, on Friday nights, the football team and the marching band drew you back once again, to build memories that would last a lifetime. www.masonrydesignmagazine.com
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Pavers
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Materials • Technology • Trends
In Palmetto, Fla., the high school in the central business district is no more. On the site of the former football field, the city has built Sutton Park, which is a place where those who used to stand and cheer now bring their children and grandchildren to learn how to ride a bicycle, watch an outdoor movie or await Santa Claus during the annual Christmas parade. The park was named for Ben Sutton, a 1964 graduate of the high school, who was killed in the Vietnam War. The park was built to honor all military veterans. Sutton Park is adjacent to Lamb Park, and the two form a central green-space corridor within the central business district. An award-winning success As it turns out, both the town and the larger landscape and hardscape design community are seeing Sutton Park as a success. The installation won a Gold Award from the Brick Industry Association’s Brick In Architecture national competition – Paving & Landscape Architecture category. The award honored architecture firm Moore2Design LLC, landscape architect Allison-Gause, builder Stellar Development, brick manufacturer Pine Hall Brick Co., distributor Ruck Brothers/Oldcastle Coastal, and mason contractor Timo Brothers Paving. Designers began by carefully considering the area. Located on the Manatee River on Florida’s west central coast, Palmetto recalls its agricultural history, while expanding into new industries that will create jobs for future generations. Palmetto is an idyllic suburb to nearby cities Tampa, St. Petersburg and Bradenton. During the run-up to the design process and throughout the design process, three main themes emerged. First, the designers wanted to incorporate green construction into the design. Second, specific emphasis was placed on minimizing stormwater runoff, which traditionally flowed untreated into the Manatee River, causing flooding during heavy rains.
The installation won a Gold Award from the Brick Industry Association’s Brick In Architecture national competition.
PAVER LINK JOINT S AND FOR S TONE & PAVER APPLICATIONS LATICRETE has launched PAVER LINK, a joint sand for use on practically all hardscape projects. The technology of PAVER LINK makes installation easy by simply brushing the product into the joints between pavers. It is ready for use right out of the package, no misting with water or tamping down is necessary. Once installed, it cures in just 12 hours, and will not stain pavers, create dust, or wash out. "People should think about PAVER LINK as grout for outdoor pavers,” says Jonathon Scott, LATICRETE product manager. “For any paving configuration, it not only links pavers together, but, in doing so, it also eliminates most any weed growth. Being permeable, it allows rainwater and oxygen to permeate the ground right beneath the installation, while not polluting soil or groundwater. It also resists damage from mechanical cleaners." Once installed for exterior applications, PAVER LINK is long lasting and will complement any new patio, pathway, plaza or driveway. For the optimal results, paver joints should be a minimum of ¼ inch wide and at least one inch deep. PAVER LINK is best to be used with paving blocks, flagstones and larger, multi-shaped pavers. It is not recommended for use with joints less than ¼ inch wide. For more information, visit www.laticrete.com. www.masonrydesignmagazine.com
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Pavers
Finally, the designers wanted the park to be part of a larger effort to increase the use of the downtown core by building a family-friendly environment that would both reflect and embrace the history of the town.
Several heavy rainfalls, including one tropical storm, tested the StormPave installation, and it worked flawlessly.
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Step by step For the first priority involving green construction, the design included permeable pavers, LED lighting, drought-tolerant landscaping and a low-volume irrigation system using treated effluent. The second set out to minimize stormwater runoff. A total of 23,000 square feet of StormPave permeable pavers from Pine Hall Brick Co. was specified. The pavers provided a way to treat stormwater on site in a way that was durable enough to withstand both pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while remaining inexpensive to maintain. Several heavy rainfalls, including one tropical storm, tested the StormPave installation, and it worked flawlessly. For the third, to build a family-friendly atmosphere, function drove form. The project needed to serve multiple uses, including a raised parade viewing platform, a concert stage, movies in the park, festivals and other uses. As Palmetto continues to revitalize its downtown, a jogging and bicycle path is being developed. As part of the design, paver patterns were altered to help steer pedestrian and bicycle users in separate directions. Materials • Technology • Trends
In terms of appearance, the aesthetics of the pavers are an advantage. The variety of colors allowed design flexibility, both in how the project looked and in how it allowed for the creation of gathering areas. Designers used concentric circles and other patterns to subliminally guide visitors around the park. Contrasting pavers, not paint, are used to mark parking spaces. The aesthetics also sent a message about Palmetto. The goal was to reflect the values of the town, such as the importance of family and of enduring traditions. That sense of tradition so unique to Palmetto is spelled out in the use of clay brick columns and StormPave pavers, which are being used in other projects in the area. The idea? The projects are expected to be in place for decades, so the materials selected to build them were chosen intentionally for their durability. Because the color goes all the way through, chemical sealants – and their possible environmental effects – are avoided. Maintenance costs will always be minimal. The clay bricks and clay pavers carry the promise that they’ll be there today, tomorrow and decades into the future, just like the town of Palmetto. ◗MD This article first appeared in Masonry Magazine.
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Product Benchmarking for Greener Buildings BY JULIE RAPOPORT
By creating an opportunity for verified, accurate product comparisons, LCAs and EPDs are the next requirement for truly sustainable buildings. 24
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Selecting masonry products requires consideration of a number of attributes – performance, aesthetics and cost, to name just a few. If you’re working on a green building, the list grows. Products for sustainable projects require an additional level of scrutiny to determine environmental impacts, including operational and embodied energy, carbon footprint, and impact on human and ecosystem health. Historically, the evaluation of environmental criteria relied upon manufacturer claims, with some stakeholders researching specific aspects of a product’s composition and manufacture. But the emergence of independently conducted life cycle assessments (LCAs) and third-party-verified environmental product declarations (EPDs) provides specifiers with helpful tools for accurately comparing similar products’ environmental attributes.
Materials • Technology • Trends
What is product benchmarking? Product benchmarking provides standardized methods for verifying manufacturers’ environmental claims and allows for accurate side-by-side comparisons of the environmental impacts of two or more products. This type of evaluation is key to the green building process, because it provides a truly transparent method of making consistent product comparisons. Accurate assessments of products’ environmental impacts enable reduction of the overall building’s environmental impact. As with many fields, product transparency has its own specialized lingo.
ISO The International Organization for Standardization – an independent body that creates the rules for how product category rules should be written and how Life Cycle Assessments should be conducted.
LCA A life cycle assessment (LCA) is an analysis of every component of a product’s manufacture and use. The life cycle includes raw material extraction and transportation to the manufacturing site (extraction phase), the manufacturing phase, transportation to jobsite and construction (construction phase), use phase, and end-of-life phase. An ISO-compliant life cycle assessment is conducted by an independent third party, ensuring unbiased results and confidence by end users.
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(Above Top) Architects designing Hancock Elementary School in Kiln, Miss. – slated to be the first LEED-certified K-12 school in the state – used product benchmarking tools to help select the CalStar bricks and the bio-based floor tiles.
(Inset) Figure 1 - This EPD, published by CalStar Products in November 2012, shows the third-party-verified carbon footprint and embodied energy of its bricks. The EPD also contains background information on how the data were collected and details on attainable LEED credits.
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Green Building
(Above Top) When comparing products, it’s important to compare them within the same lifecycle boundaries. For example, the cradle-to-gate lifecycle of concrete shown here includes raw material extraction through the manufacturing process, but not transportation to the jobsite, construction or end of life.
PCR A product category rule (PCR) is the standardized method for conducting and reporting a life cycle assessment. The PCR ensures that all products in a certain category (e.g., ready mix concrete or roofing products) are measured the same way in each life cycle phase and that environmental impacts are quantified in the same way. The PCR defines the boundaries for measurement (such as cradle-to-gate or cradle-to-grave), as well as the functional unit measured (e.g., one cubic yard of concrete or 100 square feet of a roofing material). PCRs are developed using a consensus-based, collaborative, transparent process by industry experts and stakeholders. They are then verified by an expert review panel. The entire process must follow certain ISO guidelines. At present, the number of PCRs is not large. This is starting to change, with more PCRs developed each year.
EPD An environmental product declaration (EPD) is a document created by a manufacturer to show the results of a life cycle assessment of a product (see Figure 1). It is verified by an expert and approved by a program operator, such as UL Environment (ULE) or the Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability (MTS). EPDs enable stakeholders to make accurate, direct comparisons of environmental attributes – such as carbon footprint and embodied energy – of similar products. These three acronyms work together: Product category rules are developed; a life cycle assessment is performed according to the PCR; and an environmental product declaration publishes the results of the LCA. 26
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Materials • Technology • Trends
Green Building Impact category Impact categories describe the effect of a product on specific areas of concern. Impact categories include, but are not limited to, global warming potential (aka, carbon footprint), fossil fuel depletion (aka, embodied energy), smog and ozone depletion. PCRs define which impact categories must be reported in each EPD. Of course, EPDs can always report more impact categories than required by the PCR. When evaluating product choices, specifiers can consider those impact categories that are of greatest importance for each project. For instance, while carbon footprint is likely always a concern, in arid regions, impact on water resources might also be an important consideration.
LIMESTONE POWDER ENHANCES PERFORMANCE OF ‘GREEN’ CONCRETE Adding limestone powder to green concrete mixtures – those containing substantial amounts of fly ash, a byproduct of coal-burning power plants – can significantly improve performance, report researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The laboratory results suggest a path to greatly increasing the use of fly ash in concrete, leading to sizable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, construction costs and landfill volumes. Global production of cement for concrete accounts for 5 percent to 8 percent of humancaused greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, fly ash accounts, on average, for about 15 percent of the binder powders in the readymade concrete used in the United States. To produce a more green concrete, NIST is researching new material combinations and procedures that could help the industry use fly ash to routinely replace 40 percent to 50 percent of the ordinary portland cement (OPC), the main binding and hardening agent in concrete. Because of delays in setting times and questions about its strength in the first few days after application that both “impact its constructability,” says NIST chemical engineer Dale Bentz, “green concrete has been a tough sell in large parts of the construction industry.” However, Bentz and his FHWA colleagues found that a “judicious combination of fine limestone powder” can help to put these concerns to rest. So-called high-volume fly ash “ternary” mixtures (including some limestone) that replace between 40 percent and 60 percent of the cement portion not only set at rates comparable to those for typical concrete, but also were superior in terms of key properties. Initially, the strength of the green concrete mixtures after 28 days slightly lagged that of concrete without any fly ash. However, the team was able to tweak the fly ash-limestone-OPC mixture to overcome the gap, primarily by lowering the water-to-powder ratio and switching to a different standard composition of OPC (ASTM Type III). Today, global production of OPC totals about 3.5 billion metric tons (3.85 billion tons) annually. Generation of each ton of OPC emits about a ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Greater use of high-volume fly ash mixtures could reduce this environmental burden and, at the same time, reduce costs for concrete construction, says Bentz. For Bentz and his team, the next research challenge is to test their limestone-enhanced mixtures in the field, where curing conditions can vary. For more information, contact Mark Bello, 301-975-3776.
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Boundaries Boundaries are an important element in life cycle assessment and associated EPDs (see Figure 2). Simply put, where does the product system start and stop? Does the LCA consider the electricity used to power the plant and also the energy required to create that electricity? Does the EPD include cradle-to-grave impacts (all life cycle phases) or only cradle-to-gate impacts (raw material extraction and manufacturing phases, but not construction, use, or end-of-life phases)? The PCR specifies what boundaries should be used in the LCA. EPDs present the results of the LCA. It is necessary to understand which boundaries are used to accurately compare environmental data.
Comparing products without EPDs Ideally, in the future most products will have EPDs. Without them, making accurate and meaningful comparisons of similar products can require a fair amount of effort from the specifier. In some situations, there might be one EPD published for a specific product, and generic industry data might be available for other products. For instance, an EPD exists for fly ash bricks but not yet for clay bricks. However, a generic LCA for clay bricks exists in the NIST BEES Online database. The data from the fly ash bricks EPD can be compared to the NIST BEES Online data to draw some conclusions. The user needs to delve into the data to understand the boundaries used by both the fly ash Materials • Technology • Trends
bricks LCA (presented in the EPD) and the clay bricks LCA to assure a meaningful, accurate comparison is made. In other situations, when no life cycle data (or questionable life cycle data) are available, it can be worth contacting product manufacturers to ask questions regarding environmental impact. Even a high-level understanding of a manufacturing process can provide some insights (e.g., Is one product more energy intensive to produce? Does one product require a lot of washing?). Even in the absence of EPDs or LCAs, it is important to gather environmental data for the products in your buildings. These considerations can play a significant role in reducing the environmental footprint of buildings before a single tenant takes occupancy. Such educated selections also are the best ways to avoid greenwashing. Though it can take some effort now, as stakeholders increasingly ask for environmental impact information, more will become available. As the demand for independent, standardized, verified product transparency information grows, the comparison process will get easier. â——MD
Even in the absence of EPDs or LCAs, it is important to gather environmental data for the products in your buildings.
Julie Rapoport is VP of product development at CalStar Products. This article originally appeared in Masonry Magazine.
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Lafayette College Arts Plaza in Easton, Pa. Spillman Farmer Architects redesigns a former auto-repair site into an open-air plaza. EDITED BY CORY SEKINE-PETTITE
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Materials • Technology • Trends
The American Institute of Architects (AIA), Pennsylvania Chapter awarded a 2013 Citation of Merit to the recently completed Lafayette College Arts Plaza in Easton, Pa. Spillman Farmer Architects (SFA) of Bethlehem, Pa., served as the project’s architect. The Citation of Merit recognizes projects that represent excellence through exceptional details or special design aspects. The Arts Plaza was also awarded a Special Mention in the Architecture + Urban Transformation category in the 2013 Architizer A+ Awards. The $1.7-million, 7,000-square-foot Arts Plaza is a raw, open-air space for the arts at Lafayette College. The project transformed a former autorepair facility into a dynamic outdoor teaching space that responds to its natural environment and built context. Designed as an outdoor black box theater, the plaza hosts a wide variety of planned and spontaneous artistic endeavors, including performance art, visual art exhibits, and small group musical performances.
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[Below]
New masonry monoliths express the plaza's streetfront and create a rhythm and scale that echo the neighboring Williams Visual Arts Building.
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Project Spotlight
[Above]
The cleaned and refinished timber structure of the former garage preserved the 'phantom' of the building for visual impact and human scale.
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“It was a series of vacant buildings. The college took on the responsibility of redeveloping these utilitarian facilities into a large arts education and exposition hub for the entire Lehigh Valley region,” Spillman Farmer Design Principal Joseph N. Biondo, AIA, said. “The facility had been built over a creek, and while the structure was in good shape, the facade was deteriorated. We saw an opportunity to create an open-air teaching space. “Unlike many urban developments, which are conceptualized as ‘infill’ of an existing context, the Arts Plaza is an urban ‘unfill’ project. The existing building had solid walls that blocked the relationship between the site and the community. We removed these walls to create new types of connections in and around the site, bringing together the Easton community, the college, the natural environment, the streetscape, and local history,” Biondo continued. “These interactions encourage a focus on user experience, material richness, spatial transparency, and sensory stimulation.” At its core, the project is a distillation of the existing structure. The facility’s concrete platform foundation and timber frame, both salvaged and reutilized elements of the former building, are complemented by newly introduced masonry and steel. The existing structure and new interventions work together, telling a story of history and use, while creating a new identity for the space. The Arts Plaza introduces new materials, such as brick and steel, in unconventional ways. They lend a tactile, experiential quality to the space, while honoring the city’s prevailing architecture as required by the Easton Historic Review Board, which had to approve the design. The plaza’s masonry walls are clad with clinker brick, a cast off of the brickmaking process, whose curvature and malformations are accented, rather than minimized. The brick’s curvature and imperfections provide texture and counterbalance the wellorganized, restrained space. The 3,200-square-foot, clinker-clad walls are 29 feet high. The project features 30,000 Mohawk clinker bricks manufactured by Colonial Brick, the only manufacture of this type of bricks in the nation. The Mohawk bricks are 4 inches wide, 2 1/4 inches high, and 8 inches long. The Mazella Group served as the masonry contractor. The project physically spans Bushkill Creek, one of the waterways that are vital to the city’s history, and one of Easton’s most important natural elements. Biondo explained that the design allows for connections between the street front, the plaza, and the creek. To take further advantage of this connection, an oculus was cut into the plaza’s floor slab that allows visitors to view and hear the creek below. A steel frame for the oculus repurposes demolition remnants. The bubbling sounds of water are amplified by this opening, adding to the sensory experience of the creek, the displayed art, and the surrounding structure. New masonry monoliths express the plaza’s streetfront. These obelisks rely only on the traditional craft of stacking brick to create openings and provide a structural, sculptural form. In contrast to the existing timber structure, new structural steel elements between the monoliths provide a scale and Materials • Technology • Trends
presence appropriate to the plaza’s urban context. These masonry columns and steel elements work together to create a rhythm at the street edge. Their scale and material echo the neighboring Williams Visual Arts Building. Their spacing continues the street’’s rhythm, while creating openness and inviting movement into the plaza. The project incorporates two cubic structural steel armatures, each draped with a veil of stainless steel mesh. These transparent, ghost-like structures complement the masonry monoliths and reflect the dimensions and rhythm of windows of the nearby Williams Building. The delicate details of the steel mesh, carefully lit at night and adorned with climbing vegetation, organically complete the forms and bring a natural softness to the hardedged, industrial streetfront. This effect is reinforced in the winter, when ice and snow build up on the mesh. As the project neared completion, the college decided to connect the Williams Building to the Arts Plaza and opted for a new entrance located within the clinker brick-faced side wall. Spillman Farmer created a new opening in an existing corridor inside the Williams Building. The design team used this new, final element of the plaza to introduce a three-dimensional, humanscale element into the wall. The new entrance features a gabled frame constructed entirely of clinker brick. The new opening’s undulating lines highlight the texture and irregularity of the brick. In addition to Spillman Farmer, other project team members included Whiting-Turner Contracting Co., construction manager; Lehigh Valley Engineering, electrical engineer; Barry Isett and Associates, structural engineer; and McTish, Kunkel & Associates, civil engineer. ◗MD www.masonrydesignmagazine.com
[Above]
The 7,000-square-foot Lafayette College Arts Plaza is an openair space designed by Spillman Farmer Architects at a former auto-repair facility.
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Supplies
| Mortars & Admixtures
Beautiful masonry buildings may start with great design, but they end with the building materials. It is the brick, block and/or stone that bring it all together; and don’t forget the mortars and admixtures that hold it all in place. Below are a few examples of the remarkable and innovative materials available today. To get your goods or services featured in the department, contact Editor Cory Sekine-Pettite at cory@lionhrtpub.com.
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1 Jahn M70 Limestone/ Sandstone/Brownstone Repair Mortar www.cathedralstone.com This single-component, cementitious, mineral-based mortar is designed for the restoration of natural stone such as limestone and sandstone. Jahn M70 is completely vapor permeable at any depth and contains no latex or acrylic bonding agents or additives. The material is available in a variety of compatible, laboratory-engineered formulations, which match the physical properties of the substrate being repaired. M70 provides a permanent, compatible solution, which repairs and protects the beauty of natural stone. The reliability is undeniable; after all, it has been used on our nation’s Capitol Building. (Only Certified Installers may purchase Jahn M70.)
2 Masonry Mix Colorant Kit
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www.brickmatchkit.com An easy-to-use kit provides materials and equipment that have been used by experts to color porous masonry for more than 28 years. Pigments chemically bond for the life of the masonry, without altering its texture or its natural look. Mixing pigments as instructed produces a virtually limitless array of colors and shades. Use the kit to match brick repairs, correct damage, match additions and existing walls, create decorative patterns, and resolve punch list issues. Price includes training materials and access to extensive product support from expert masonry stainers.
3 3 Laticrete Masonry Veneer Installation System www.laticrete.com/mvis
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The Laticrete Masonry Veneer Installation System (MVIS) is designed to offer complete solutions for adhered masonry veneers. MVIS provides a comprehensive quality controlled installation solution for both natural and manufactured stone that includes a revolutionary waterproofing membrane, polymer fortified adhesive mortars for non-sag performance, a scratch and brown coat mortar, a masonry pointing mortar and a 100percent silicone sealant. Materials • Technology • Trends
MVIS delivers a permanent, high-strength installation that is freeze/thaw stable and protects from water intrusion. Backed by a 25-year system warranty and Greenguard certification, MVIS is the proven solution to variations in consistency, quality and performance of traditional site-mixed Type S or Type N mortar installations.
4 Quikrete® Polymer Modified Veneer Stone Mortar www.quikrete.com Quikrete® Polymer Modified Veneer Stone Mortar is a consistent, pre-blended, construction-grade mortar mix designed for veneer applications and tuck pointing of manufactured and natural stone. Quikrete Polymer Modified Veneer Stone Mortar can be used as a scratch coat, bond coat and as a mortar joint grout over concrete and masonry surfaces or galvanized, expanded metal lath. It is available in 80-lb. bags or 3,000-lb. bulk bags with a silo delivery system.
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advertiser’s index page# 7
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