Daniel Enkaoua
From an Otherรข€™s Perspective
Daniel Enkaoua From an Otherรข€™s Perspective
Daniel Enkaoua From an Otherโs Perspective
November 2014
Catalogue Editor: Meital Manor Hebrew text editing: Einat Adi English translation: Talya Halkin Design: Nelly Levin Photography: Gasull Fotografia, Barcelona Printed by: A. R. Printing Ltd., Tel Aviv
Dimensions are given in centimeters, height precedes width. Page numbers run from right to left, in Hebrew order.
ยฉ 2014 All rights reserved to Litvak Gallery.
On the cover: Liel et Sarah, 2010-2011, oil on canvas, 220x135 Pages 46-47: Autoportraits, 2006-2009, oil on canvas, 225x240 Pages 2-3: The artistโs studio, Barcelona, Spain, 2014
Litvak Gallery Museum Tower 4 Berkowitz St, Tel Aviv, Israel 972-3-6959496 www.litvakcontemporary.com
26.5x20 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2011 ,โซืืืื ืืืื ืืงืจืืโฌ โ 2011, oil on canvas, 26.5x20 Liel vu de pres,
20.5x34 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014 ,โซืืจืฉืืช ืืืืืฉืืชโฌ โ โ Poireaux seches, 2014, oil on canvas, 20.5x34
20x39 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2012 ,โซืขืืื ืืืช ืืื ืกืจืืโฌ Tomates Montserrat, 2012, oil on canvas, 20x39
Daniel Enkaoua: From an Otherโs Perspective Tal Lanir
Two patches of color appear against a background composed of monochromatic brushstrokes. The first, smaller patch is located on the right. The second, larger and more elongated one is situated on the left. In both cases, bold strokes of white paint are gradually assimilated into an expanse of green. The smaller form, which is revealed to be a cauliflower, draws inwards, enclosed by a series of green and brown lines. Serving as a point of departure, it leads the eye towards the leeks, whose white bottoms give way to bright green stalks extending beyond the limits of the frame. The eye continues on its trajectory, searching for their tips, yet is constrained to proceed on its own. Registering the strokes of paint as it moves upwards, downwards, and to the sides, it searches for something to hold onto, looking for another perspective. This is a central motif in Daniel Enkaouaโs works: The point where the artistโs hand becomes present is also the point where it gives way to the eye of the viewer observing an Other. The eye must thus engage in the endless Sisyphean task of completing what the mind is attempting to receive. The represented object does not remain self-contained, but rather dissolves into the background, and then slowly โobjectifiesโ itself again. Enkaouaโs painting does away with the hierarchy between object and background. Even though his compositions each include a still life or a figure, these are presented as equal to the background โ as is the case in frescoes or street art, where the surrounding elements are integral to the representational sphere. Enkaoua, who embarked on his artistic career in the 1980s, has formulated an approach to painting that may be compared to that of the neo-Expressionist German painter Georg Baselitz. In a series of well-known paintings, Baselitz inverted the represented objects in order to neutralize the paintingโs narrative charge and free it of clearcut associations. In this manner, he sought to immerse the viewer in the concrete material or formal dimension Georg Baselitz, The Girls of Olmo II, โ 1981, oil on canvas, 250x249, Musee National dโArt Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris 1 Donald B. Kuspit, โโThe Archaic Self of Georg Baselitz,โโ The New Subjectivism: Art in the 1980s (New York: Da Capo, 1988), p. 117.
of the painting, and to endow it with new horizons and depth.1 Enkaouaโs bold use of color and his estranged, solitary figures may indeed be affiliated with Expressionism. Other writers, by contrast, have associated his work with Impressionism due to his attention to the moment, and to the flood of light and rapid brushstrokes characteristic of his paintings. Yet despite the presence of these and other stylistic elements, Enkaouaโs paintings cannot be associated with a specific artistic movement or period. Ignoring the dictates of any one style, he plays with different modes of representation
in a manner that echoes additional tensions within his oeuvre. As one observes his portraits of children staring into space with their mouths agape, or his erupting fruits, it is difficult to know whether these paintings belong to the present or to the past. Enkaouaโs still lifes explode with color. Three ripe, orange tomatoes are placed side by side (p. 41), their soft flesh sagging as if they were about to fall apart. Shades of green and red play a significant role in Enkaouaโs still lifes (a choice that does not seem coincidental in the context of the Impressionist gaze). In contrast to, or perhaps even because of, the traditional meaning of the still life as a nature morte, or dead nature, these paintings are suffused with passionate colors, and even at times with a sexual charge.2 Watermelons, which are frequently depicted in Israeli art, are often imbued with an erotic
2 For further discussion, see Margit Rowell, Object of Desire: The Modern Still Life (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997).
quality related to the female body, and appear in works ranging from Nahum Gutmanโs early twentieth-century paintings to Sigalit Landauโs contemporary works. They are often present in Enkaouaโs paintings, where they are depicted at times as open and seductive, while in other instances are seen semi-closed, their flesh peering out appealingly from within (p. 31). In some cases, the watermelon is depicted in โcloseup,โ while in others it is portrayed with a scrutinizing, atmospheric โlong shot.โ Yet rather than radiating an earthly sexuality, Enkaouaโs watermelons seem to relate to a concern with life itself, as well as with the process of artmaking. He continues to paint the fruit even after it begins to rot, eternalizing its vitality. This quality calls to mind the last painting created by Frida Kahlo, which forges a direct connection between life and death: carving into the red flesh of a watermelon, she wrote the words โViva la vidaโ โ long live life โ followed by her name and the place of her impending death. A similarly bold palette and ambivalence between vitality and stillness
Mark Rothko, Portrait (Untitled), 1939, oil on canvas, 101.6x76.5, collection of Christopher Rothko
is evident in Enkaouaโs paintings of human figures. Most of these figures appear alone against a background of brushstrokes whose colors are blurred into a seemingly monochromatic expanse. Whereas the painted fruits and vegetables are filled with life and color, the portraits appear still and are characterized by low tonality. The figures seem withdrawn, their sometime distant gaze lost in thought; in other instances, they gaze at the viewer, staring back directly at him. One way or another, their gaze is enigmatic and open to the viewerโs interpretation. Even the portraits, which mostly depict the painterโs family members, are shaped by the same lack of hierarchy between object and background. In Enkaouaโs paintings, the object has no narrative significance beyond its status as part of the world of painting and of the artistโs inner world, which is represented for the viewer.3 Just as the cauliflower will rot while the artist continues to paint it in its absence, so the girl appears as an object captured by the artistโs gaze and hand; once the fleeting moment, the โaura,โ is registered, she will be able to continue on her way. This is perhaps the reason that the viewer may
3 This is true also of Enkaouaโs landscape paintings, which are not included in this exhibition, and which constitute the third part of his work.
experience a kind of discomfort, or sense of estrangement, as he observes these figures. Enkaoua paintings of his wife and children make evident their close, intimate relations. At the same time, their representation as equal in value to the background seems to deprive the figure of any special status โ the figures could be representations of any child or any woman, so that the personal becomes universal. Enkaouaโs smaller works, which seemingly enable the figureโs face to be observed up close, blur its outlines and โpixilateโ the face and background (p. 19). Just as the painter places the fruit on the table, so he situates his figures in space. Yet in the portraits, and especially in the larger ones, one may note the intriguing theatrical relations between the figure and the background. In Liel Looking at the Ground, 2012โ2013 (p. 35), for instance, a child wearing dark purple pants and a white shirt stands at the center of the composition. His downcast eyes divert the viewerโs gaze, causing it to focus on the chromatic and spatial relations between the figureโs pants and shirt and between the figure and the ground. Once again, the compositional elements are arranged in a non-hierarchical manner, so that the relations between its parts are largely formal and concrete. These formal relations underscore the difficulty of defining a narrative, while compelling the viewer to further scrutinize the painting in search of what is absent, of its abstract and metaphysical dimensions. The painting in its entirety, as well as the relations between object and ground, call to mind Mark Rothkoโs early painting Portrait (Untitled), 1939, in which a figure is situated at the center of the room against a window composed of several planes of color. Here too, there is a clear connection between the partially effaced, solitary figure and its background, which is created through their similar spatial and chromatic division. Many scholars have argued that the background of this early painting constitutes a precedent for Rothkoโs later, abstract works. The background in Enkaouaโs painting is Frida Kahlo, Viva la Vida, 1954, oil on masonite, 52x72, Museo Frida Kahlo, Mexico City
reminiscent of Rothkoโs late monochromatic paintings, or of J.W. Turnerโs abstract backgrounds. The use of light and color enables the work to be read as an abstraction โ thus tying its concrete, immediately present dimension to that of the absent and the sublime. The stillness that pervades these portraits dissolves when Enkaoua introduces an additional figure into the composition. In the painting
Sarah and Liel in Dark Blue , 2013โ2014, (pp. 20-21), he once again creates a parallel between the figuresโ clothes and the background. Here, however, the contact between the figures brings them to life. The motherโs white hand, which is seen against the background of the childโs blue shirt, ruptures the continuity of the colored expanse and seems to awaken the figures. In Self-Por traits , 2006-2009 (pp. 46-47), the background and its relations with the figures occupies a dominant place, while the absence of human contact is strongly evident. Instead, the figures in the
painting โ a man and a woman โ mirror one another in terms of their dress and positioning, while the very act of painting seems to echo itself. The painter seems to perceive the human figures, the fruits and vegetables, and the background in the same manner: they are all represented as part of the painterly weave, of a single conception of painting. Writing about the wide-open mouth in Avigdor Arikhaโs self-portraits, Mordechai Omer described it as an expression of the artistโs desire to perceive the act of painting in a sensory, total manner. 4 A wide-open mouth is seen in many of Enkaouaโs portraits, especially in his self-portraits. Together with other aspects of his paintings โ the non-hierarchical arrangement of the
Avigdor Arikha, Self-Portrait in Red Shirt, 1998, oil on canvas, 46x38, collection of Muly Litvak, Tel Aviv
painterly sphere, the paradoxical relations between vitality and stillness, the a-temporal stylistic quality โ these elements underscore the artistโs uncompromising need to perceive the act of artmaking as a concrete event.
4 Mordechai, Omer, Avigdor Arikha and Samuel Beckett: The Reflected Cry in Avigdor Arikha โs: Self-Portraits (exh. cat.), Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv Museum of Art, 2010.
20x27 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2012 ,โซืฉื ื ืืืืฉืืโฌ Deux coings, 2012, oil on canvas, 20x27
27x32 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014 ,โซืขื ืืื ืกืืืืืโฌ Raisins violets, 2014, oil on canvas, 27x32 162x97 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2013-2012 ,โซ ืืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืงืจืงืขโฌ:โซืืขืืื ืืืืโฌ Opposite page: Liel regardant le sol, 2012-2013, oil on canvas, 162x97
17.5x27.5 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2013 ,โซืฉื ื ืกืืจืืโฌ Les deux marmites, 2013, oil on canvas, 17.5x27.5 22.5x34 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014 ,โซืคืืคืืื ืืจืืคืื ืืืืืืโฌ Les piments rouges, 2014, oil on canvas, 22.5x34
20.5x20.5 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2013 ,โซืืืจ ืืื ืงืคืืฆ'ืืโฌ Aure sans capuche, 2013, oil on canvas, 20.5x20.5
22x33.5 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2013 ,โซืืืืื ืคืชืื ืืืืฆืโฌ โ La pasteque entrouverte, 2013, oil on canvas, 22x33.5
42x60 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2013 ,โซืืืืื ืคืชืืโฌ โ La pasteque ouverte, 2013, oil on canvas, 42x60
23.5x32.5 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2011 ,โซืืืืืื ืกืชืืโฌ โ Les pasteques dโautomne, 2011, oil on canvas, 23.5x32.5
19x32.3 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2012 ,โซืืืืื ืืฆืืโฌ โ โ La pasteque coupee, 2012, oil on canvas, 19x32.3
17.5x27 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2013 ,โซืืืืื ืืืืืโฌ โ La pasteque et le chauffe eau, 2013, oil on canvas, 17.5x27
17x23 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014 ,โซืืืืื ืืฉื ื ืกืืจืืโฌ โ La pasteque et les deux casseroles, 2014, oil on canvas, 17x23
18.5x26 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2012 ,โซืืืื ืฉืืืโฌ โ 2012, oil on canvas, 18.5x26 Liel allonge,
30x21.5 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2011 ,โซืืืจ ืืกืืืโฌ Aure en violet, 2011, oil on canvas, 30x21.5
30x24 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014 ,โซื ืชื ืืืขืื ืืฉื ืืืโฌ โ โ 2014, oil on canvas, 30x24 Natan en impermeable fonce,
22.5x20 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014 ,โซื ืชื ืืชืืขืืข ืื ืืงืืืกโฌ Natan se languissant de Nicolas, 2014, oil on canvas, 22.5x20
220x135 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2011-2010 ,โซืืืื ืืฉืจืโฌ Liel et Sarah, 2010-2011, oil on canvas, 202x135 127x230 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014-2013 ,โซ ืฉืจื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืโฌ:21-20 'โซืขืโฌ โ 2013-2014, oil on canvas, 127x230 Pages 20-21: Sarah et Liel en bleu fonce,
โ โ de profil 22.5x18 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014 , Liel legerement โ โ Liel legerement de profil, 2014, oil on canvas, 22.5x18
22.5x20.5 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014 ,โซืืืื ืืคืื'ืืช ืคืกืืโฌ Liel en pyjama aโ rayures, 2014, oil on canvas, 22.5x20.5
195x130 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2012-2011 ,โซืืืื ืขืืื ืืคืจืืคืืโฌ Liel debout de profil, 2011-2012, oil on canvas, 195x130 193.5x200 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2012-2011 ,โซ ืคืจื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืืืืโฌ:15-14 'โซืขืโฌ โ โ 2011-2012, oil on canvas, 193.5x200 Pages 14-15: Detail from La pasteque et le melon coupes,
53x61 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืื ืืืฆืื ืืขืฅโฌ,2004-2003 ,โซืฉื ืืืโฌ Les deux, 2003-2004, oil on canvas mounted on wood, 53x61
14.5x13.5 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืื ืืืฆืื ืืขืฅโฌ,2003 ,โซ ืืชืืื ืืืืืงื ืขืฆืืโฌ,โซ ืฉืจืโฌ:โซืืืืืโฌ โ Right: Sarah, etude pour Autoportraits, 2003, oil on canvas mounted on wood, 14.5x13.5
13.5x12.5 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืื ืืืฆืื ืืขืฅโฌ,2003 ,โซ ืืชืืื ืืืืืงื ืขืฆืืโฌ:โซืืฉืืืโฌ โ Left: Etude pour Autoportrait, 2003, oil on canvas mounted on wood, 13.5x12.5
โซืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืืงื ืืืช ืืชืคืืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืื ืงืืื ืืฆืจืฃ ืืงืืืคืืืืฆืื ืืืืช ื ืืกืคืชโช .โฌืืฆืืืจโฌ โซืฉืจื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืโช( 2014-2013 ,โฌืขืโ โช ,)21-20โฌืืื ืฉื ืืืฆืื ืืืกืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืฉื ืฉืโฌ โซืืืืืืืช ืืืจืงืข ืืืืืจโช .โฌืื ืืืืข ืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืขืืจืจ ืืืชื ืืืืืโช .โฌืืื ืืืื ื ืฉื ืืื ืขืโฌ โซืจืงืข ืืืืืฆื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืืจืช ืืช ืืืืฉืืืืช ืืืชืืืช ืฉื ืืฆืืข ืืืืื ืืืืฆืืื ืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืืช ืืืฆืื ืืงืคืืโช .โฌืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืงื ืืืช ืขืฆืืืืโช( 2009-2006 ,โฌืขืโ โช ,)47-46โฌืืืืื ื ืืืืโฌ โซืืจืงืข ืืืืืก ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืขืืจื ืืืืข ืฉื ืืื ืืฆืืืจ ืืื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืงืืโฌ โซืืืชโช ,โฌืืืืืืืช ืืฆืืืจ โ ืืืจ ืืืืฉื โ ืืืืืืื ืื ืืช ืื ืืืืืฉื ืืืืืคื ืืฆืืชืโช ,โฌืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืชโช .โฌืืฆืืืจ ืืืืื ืืช ืขืฆืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืืืืจ ืืจืืืโช ,โฌืืืืงื ืขืฆืื ืืืืืฆื ืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซโช ,2001โฌืฉืื ืขื ืืโช ,46x38 ,โฌืืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืืืืงโช,โฌโฌ โซืชืโช-โฌืืืืโฌ
โซืืืโช ,โฌืืฆืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืกื ืื ืืฉืืื โ ืืืืงื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืจืงืืช ืืคืืจืืช โ ืืืจืงืข ืื ืืืโช :โฌืืืืโฌ โซืืืง ืืืืืจื ืืืื ืืชืโช ,โฌืืืชืคืืกื ืืฆืืืจืืชโช .โฌืืจืืื ืขืืืจ ืืชืืืืก ืืคื ืืคืขืืจ ืืืืืงื ืืืชโฌ โซืืขืฆืืืื ืฉื ืืืืืืืจ ืืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืืืคืช ืืฆืืืจ ืืงืืื ืืืชืคืืก ืืช ืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืชโฌ
โซโช 4โฌืืจืืื ืขืืืจโชโโ ,โฌืฆืขืงืช ืืืฉืชืงืคืืช ืืฆื ืกืืืืโฌ โซืืงื ืืืืืืืืจ ืืจืืืโโโช ,โฌืืืืืืืจ ืืจืืืโช :โฌืืืืงื ืืืชโฌ โซืขืฆืืืืโช ,โฌืงืโ ืชืขืจืืื (ืชืโช-โฌืืืืโช :โฌืืืืืืื ืชืโช-โฌืืืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืชโช.)2010 ,โฌโฌ
โซืืฆืืจื ืืืฉืืช ืืืืืืืชโช 4 .โฌืืคื ืืคืขืืจ ืืืืจ ืจืืืช ืืืืืงื ืืืช ืฉื ืื ืงืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืื ืืืืืงื ืืืชโฌ โซืืขืฆืืืื ืฉืืโช .โฌืืื ืืฆืืจืฃ ืืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืฆืืืจืื โ ืืื ืืฉื ืืืืชื ืืืจืจืืืช ืฉื ืืืจืืโฌ โซืืฆืืืจืโช ,โฌืืงืฉืจ ืืคืจืืืงืกืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืขืโช-โฌืืื ืืืช ืฉื ืืืคื ืืฆืืืจ โ ืื ืืื ืืืืงืืโฌ โซืืช ืชืืืฉืช ืืฆืืจื ืืืืชื ืืชืคืฉืจ ืฉื ืืฆืืืจ ืืชืคืืก ืืช ืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืฉืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืฉืจืโช ,2012 ,โฌืืจืคืื ืขื ื ืืืจโช25x25 ,โฌโฌ โซโชSarah, 2012, graphite on paper, 25x25โฌโฌ
โซืฉื ืื ืงืืืโช .โฌืืขืชืื ืืื ืคืชืื ืืืคืชื ืืืขืชืื ืืขื ืกืืืจโช ,โฌืืฉืจื ืืฆืืฅ ืืงืืจืฅ (ืขืโ โช.)31โฌโฌ โซืืขืชืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืโโืงืืืโช-โฌืืคโโ ื ืืืฃ ืืืขืชืื ืโโืืื ืโช-โฌืฉืืโโ ืืืื ืืืืืืจืชืโช .โฌืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืจโฌ โซืืืื ืืืช ืืืืืชืืชโช ,โฌืืืื ืฉืืฆื ืื ืงืืื ืืฉืืขืืช ืืคืจื ืงืฉืืจื ืืืชืจ ืืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืืโฌ โซืืื ืืืช ืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืชโช .โฌืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืคืจื ื ืจืงืโช ,โฌืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืฆืืืจ ืืื ืฆืื ืืช ืืืืชืโช .โฌืืืืจโฌ โซืืขืื ืขื ืืืขืช ืืช ืฆืืืจื ืืืืจืื ืฉื ืคืจืืื ืงืืืโช ,โฌืืืงืฉืจ ืืฉืืจืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืชโช :โฌืืืโฌ โซืืืจืืช ืืขืกืืก ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืช ืืืืืื โโโชโโ โ โโViva la vidaโฌืืื ืืืืืโโ โ ืืืืฉืืืโฌ โซืืฆืืื ืฉืื ืืืงืื ืืืชื ืืงืจืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืคืจืืื ืงืืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืืืืโช ,1954 ,โฌืฉืื ืขื ืืืื ืืโช,โฌโฌ โซโช ,52x72โฌืืืืืืื ืคืจืืื ืงืืืโช ,โฌืืงืกืืงื ืกืืืโฌ
โซืืฆืืขืื ืืืช ืืกืืชืจืช ืืืืืืืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืืืช ื ืืืจืช ืื ืืฆืืืจื ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืื ืงืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืจืื ืืืืืืืช ืืฆืืืจืืช ืืืืืืช ืขื ืจืงืข ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืฆืืขืื ืืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืืฆืจืืช ืืฉืืโฌ โซืฉื ืจืื ืืื ืืืจืืืืโช .โฌืื ืืคืืจืืช ืืืืจืงืืช ืืืืืืื ืืฆืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืฉื ืฆืืขืืโช ,โฌืืจืโฌ โซืฉืืช ืืืืืงื ืืืช ืื ืงืืื ืืฆืืืจ ืืืืืื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืืืช ื ืืืืโช .โฌืืืืืืืช ื ืจืืืช ืืืื ืกืืช ืืชืืโฌ โซืขืฆืืโช .โฌืืขืชืื ืืืื ืืจืืืงโช ,โฌืฉืงืืข ืืืืฉืืืชโช ,โฌืืืขืชืื ืื ืืกืชืืืืช ืืฉืืจืืช ืืฆืืคืโช ,โฌืืืืืช ืืโฌ โซืืืืจืโช .โฌืื ืื ืืโช ,โฌืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืคืชืื ืืคืจืฉื ืืช ืืฆืืคืโช .โฌืื ืืืืืงื ืืืชโช ,โฌืืฃ ืื ืืืฆืืืจืื ืืโฌ โซืืจืื ืื ื ืืฉืคืืชื ืฉื ืืฆืืืจโช ,โฌื ืืืจ ืืืกืจ ืืืจืจืืื ืืื ืืืืืืงื ืืจืงืขโช .โฌืืฆืืืจืื ืฉื ืื ืงืืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืืืืงื ืืฉืืขืืช ื ืจืืืืืช ื ืืกืคืช ืคืจื ืืืืืชื ืืืง ืืขืืื ืืฆืืืจโช ,โฌืืขืืื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืโฌ โซืืืืฆืืื ืขืืืจโฌ
โซืืฆืืคืโช3 .โฌโฌ
โซโช 3โฌืืืืจ ื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืฆืืืจื ืื ืืฃ ืฉื ืื ืงืืืโช ,โฌืฉืืื ืโฌ โซืืืฆืืื ืืชืขืจืืืโช ,โฌืืืืืืื ืืช ืืฆืืข ืืฉืืืฉืืชโฌ โซืืขืืืืชืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืคื ืฉืืืจืืืืช ืชืืจืงื ืื ืืฆืืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืฆืืืจ ืืืชื ืืืืขืืจืโช ,โฌืื ืื ืืืืื ืชืชืืื ืืืืืืืงืโฌ โซืืื ืขืื ืืฆืืืจ ืืืจืืข ืฉืืื ืืจืืฉืืช ืชืชืคืืก ืืช ืืจืืขโช ,โฌืืช ืโโืืืืโโโช ,โฌืืื ืชืืื ืืืืฉืืโฌ โซืืืืชืโช .โฌืืืื ืืฉืื ืืโช ,โฌืืฆืืคื ืืจืืืฉ ืืขืื ืืืกืจ ื ืืืืชโช ,โฌืฉืืืืื ืืืชืคืจืฉ ืื ืืืืจโช ,โฌืืืฉืจโฌ โซืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืืืืืืช ืืืโช .โฌืื ืงืืื ืืฆืืืจ ืืื ื ืืช ืืฉืคืืชืโช ,โฌืืช ืืฉืชื ืืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืงืจืื ืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืฆืืืจืืโช ,โฌืื ืืฉื ืืืฆืืื ืืฉืืืโช-โฌืขืจื ืืจืงืขื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืขื ืืง ืืขืืโฌ โซืืืืืช ืขืฆืื โ ืืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉื; ืื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืืฉืืืโฌ โซืืืคืจืกืื ืื ืืืื ืืืจืกืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืขืืืืืช ืืงืื ืืช ืืืชืจ ืฉื ืื ืงืืืโช ,โฌืืืืคืฉืจืืช ืืืืืจื ืืชืืื ื ืืช ืืงืจืื ืืคื ืืโช ,โฌืืืฉืืฉืืชโฌ โซืืช ืงืืื ืืืชืืจ ืฉื ืืืืืช ืโโืืคืงืกืืืชโโ ืืช ืืคื ืื ืืืช ืืจืงืข (ืขืโ โช .)19โฌืืคื ืฉืืฆืืืจโฌ โซืืขืืื ืืช ืืคืืจืืช ืขื ืืฉืืืืโช ,โฌืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืช ืืืืืืชืื ืืืืโช .โฌืื ืืฆืืืจื ืืืืืงื ืืืชโช,โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืฉืืืโช ,โฌื ืืชื ืืจืืืช ืืืก ืืจืชืง ืืชืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืจืงืขโช .โฌืืืฉืโช ,โฌืืืืืโฌ โซืืชืืื ื ืืงืจืงืขโช( 2013-2012 ,โฌืขืโ โช ,)35โฌืื ื ืจืืืื ืืืจืื ืืงืืืคืืืืฆืื ืืืืช ืฉื ืืืโช ,โฌืืื ืกืืโฌ โซืืกืืื ืขื ืืืืืฆืชื ืืื ืโช .โฌืืืื ืืืืฉืคื ืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืกืื ืืช ืืื ืืฆืืคื ืืืืจื ืืโฌ โซืืืชืืงื ืืืืก ืืฆืืขืื ื ืืืืจืืื ืืื ืืืงื ืืืืืฉ ืฉื ืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืื ืืืืืช ืืืจืงืข ืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืฉืืฉ ืืจืงืขโช .โฌืฉืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืฉื ืฉื ืืฆืืืจ ืืื ืืกืจืช ืืืจืจืืืโช ,โฌืื ืฉืืืืกืื ืืืโฌ โซืืจืืืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืขืืงืจ ืืืืื ืืคืืจืืืืกืื ืืงืื ืงืจืืโช .โฌืืืกืื ืคืืจืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืฉืื ืืชโฌ โซืืงืืฉื ืื ืกื ื ืจืืืืืืช ืืืคื ืื ืืช ืืฆืืคื ืืืื ืฉื ื โ ืื ืืืืคืฉืโช ,โฌืืืชืื ืื ืื ืื ืขืืจโฌ โซืืืืืืคืืืโช .โฌืืฆืืืจ ืืืืืืชืโช ,โฌืืื ืื ืืืืก ืืื ืืืืืืืงื ืฉืืืจืืื ืืืจืงืขโช ,โฌืืขืื ืขื ืืืขืชโฌ โซืืช ืฆืืืจื ืืืืงืื ืฉื ืืจืง ืจืืชืงืโช ,โฌืืืืงื (ืืื ืืืชืจืช)โช ,1939 ,โฌืฉืื ื ืืฆืืช ืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืืจโฌ โซืขื ืจืงืข ืืืื ืืขื ืจืืืื ืฆืืขืื ืืืโช .โฌืื ืืฆื ืจืืชืงื ืืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืืจืืจ ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืขื ืืืืงืโฌ โซืืื ืืืจืช ืืืื ืืจืงืข ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืฆืืชโช .โฌืจืืชืงื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืืืืช ืื ืืจืงืข ืขื ืืื ืืืก ืืืื ืืืโฌ โซืืืืงืช ืืฉืื ืืืฆืืข ืืฉื ืืืโช .โฌืืืงืจืื ืจืืื ืืืขื ืื ืื ืืจืงืข ืฉื ืฆืืืจ ืืืงืื ืื ืืื ืชืงืืืโฌ โซืืฆืืืจื ืืืืคืฉื ืืืืืืจืื ืฉืืโช .โฌืืจืงืข ืืฆืืืจื ืฉื ืื ืงืืื ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืฆืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืจืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืืจืื ืฉื ืจืืชืงืโช ,โฌืื ืืช ืืจืงืขืื ืืืืคืฉืืื ืฉื ืืจื ืจโช .โฌืืื ืืืคืฉืจืื ืืงืจืื ืืชโฌ โซืืืฆืืจื ืืฆืืจื ืืืคืฉืืช โ ืืืขืงืืืช ืืืช ืืงืฉืืจ ืืื ืืืืฉืืจ ืืืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉืโฌ โซืื ืขืืจ ืืื ืฉืืโช .โฌืืืืจ ืืืฆืืข ืื ืืืืืื ืืืงืฉืจืช ืืื ืืืืฉืืจืืโช.โฌโฌ
โซืืืจืง ืจืืชืงืโช ,โฌืืืืงื (ืืื ืืืชืจืช)โช ,1939 ,โฌืฉืื ืขืโฌ โซืืโช ,101.6x76.5 ,โฌืืืกืฃ ืืจืืกืืืคืจ ืจืืชืงืโฌ
โซืื ืืื ืื ืงืืืโช :โฌืืื ืืืชืจืชโฌ
โซืื ืื ืืจโฌ
โซืฉื ื ืืืฉื ืฆืืข ื ืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืืืืชโช .โฌืืืืโช ,โฌืงืืโช ,โฌืืืืืโช .โฌืืฉื ืโช ,โฌืืืืโฌ โซืืืชืืฉื ืืืชืจโช ,โฌืืฆื ืฉืืืโช .โฌืืฉื ืืื โ ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืงืืช ืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืชืขืจืื ืขืโฌ โซืืจืืงโช .โฌืืืืฉ ืืงืืโช ,โฌืืืชืืื ืืืจืืืืชโช ,โฌืืชืืืฉ ืื ืชืื ืขืฆืื ืืื ืชืื ืงืืืื ืืจืืงืื ืืืืืืโช .โฌืืืโฌ โซืืฉืืฉ ืื ืงืืืช ืืชืืืโช ,โฌืืืืื ืืช ืืขืื ืืขืืจ ืืืืืืืงื ืืืจืืืโช ,โฌืืืจืฉืโช .โฌืื ืืืฉืืื ืืชโฌ โซืืืืกืืคืืช ืฉื ืืขืื ืืืืคืืช ืืช ืืืื ืืืจืืง ืขืโช ,โฌืื ืืฉื ืื ืืืืฅ ืืชืืื ืโช .โฌืืขืื ืืืฉืืืโฌ โซืืืคืฉ ืืช ืืืฉื ืืขืืโช ,โฌืืืฉื ืืืจืืงโช ,โฌืื ืืืืช ืืจืืจื ื ืืืฆืช ืืืืฉืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืขื ืืขืชโฌ โซืขืฆืืโช .โฌืื ืืืชื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืขืืื ืงืืืืช ืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืืฆืืขโช ,โฌืืื ื ืขื ืืขืืโช ,โฌืืื ืืืฆืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืืืจโช .โฌืืื ืืจืืื ืืจืืื ืืขืืืืืชืื ืฉื ืื ืืืโฌ โซึตโฌ โซืืืคืฉืช ืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืโช ,โฌืชืื ืืื ืืืโฌ โซืื ืงืืืโช .โฌืืืงืื ืฉืื ืืชืืืื ืืืืืช ื ืืืืช ืืื ืฉื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืืฉื ืขืืืจืช ืื ืืืืืช ืื ืขืื ื ืฉืโฌ โซืืฆืืคื ืืืชืืื ื ืช ืืืืจโช .โฌืืขืื ืฆืจืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืคื ืกืืืืคื ืืืื ืกืืคื ืืช ืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืกืโฌ โซืืงืืโช .โฌืืืืืืืงื ืืื ื ื ืฉืืจ ืืืืจ ืืืืืืงืโช ,โฌืืื ืืืืฉ ืืจืงืขโช ,โฌืืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืโโืืชืืืืืงืโโ ืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืืฆืืืจ ืฉื ืื ืงืืื ืืฆืื ืืืกืจ ืืืจืจืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืฆืืืจ ืืืจืงืข ืฉืืืืืจืืโช .โฌืืื ื ืืฆืืืจโฌ โซืืืื ืืืข ืืืื ืื ืืืืชโช ,โฌืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืฉืืืืื ืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืจืงืข ืฉืืื โ ืืคืจืกืงื ืืโฌ โซืืืื ืืช ืจืืืโช ,โฌืฉืืืืื ืืื ืืกืืืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืืง ืืขืืืืโช.โฌโฌ โซืื ืงืืืโช ,โฌืฉืืื ืืช ืืจืื ืืฉื ืืช ืืฉืืื ืื ืืืจืฅโช ,โฌืืฆืื ืืืฉื ืืฆืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืื ื ืืชื ืืจืืืชโฌ โซืืฆืืืจืื ืื ืืืโช-โฌืืงืกืคืจืกืืื ืืกืืืื ืฉื ืืืืืจื ืืืืืฅ (โช )Baselitzโฌืืืจืื ืโช .โฌืืฆืืืจืื ืืืืืขืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืฆืื ืืืืืฅ ืืช ืืืืืืืงื ืืืฆืืืจ ืืืืคืืโช ,โฌืขื ืื ืช ืื ืืจื ืืช ืื ืจืืืืืืช ืืืฉืืจืจ ืืชโฌ โซืืฆืืืจ ืืืกืืฆืืืฆืืืช ืืจืืจืืชโช .โฌืืโช ,โฌืืืงืฉ ืืืืชืืจ ืืช ืืฆืืคื ืืจืื ืืืืืจืืชโช-โฌืืงืื ืงืจืืืช ืืโฌ โซืืคืืจืืืืกืืืช ืฉื ืืฆืืืจ ืืืชืช ืื ืืืคืงืื ืืขืืืงืื ืืืฉืืโช 1 .โฌืืฉ ืืฃ ืื ืฉืืฉืืืื ืืช ืื ืงืืืโฌ โซืืืงืคืกืจืกืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืฆืืขืื ืืขืืืโช .โฌืืืจืื ืืกืื ืืช ืชืฉืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืืืืชโฌ โซืืืืืืืช ืืฆืืืจืืโช .โฌืืืชืืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืืืื ืืช ืฆืืืจืื ืืกืื ืื ืืืืืคืจืกืืื ืืกืื โ ืืืืโช ,โฌื ืืชืโฌ โซืืงืืืช ืืืืื ืืืฉื ืืโช ,โฌืืฉืื ืืืื ืืชืืคืก ืืช ืืจืืขโช ,โฌืืืืจ ืืฉืืืฃ ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืืโฌ โซืืืืืจื ืืืืืฅโช ,โฌืื ืขืจืืช ืืืืืื โช ,1981 ,IIโฌืฉืื ืขื ืืโช,โฌโฌ โซโช ,250x249โฌืืจืื ืโืืจืโ ืคืืืคืืืโช ,โฌืคืจืืโฌ
โซืืืืืจืืชโช .โฌืื ืืฃ ืื ืืื ืืฉ ืืื ืืืคืืื ืื ืืกืื ืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืจืืโช ,โฌืื ื ืืชื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืฆืืืจืืโฌ โซืฉื ืื ืงืืื ืืืจื ืืกืืื ืื ืืชืงืืคื ืกืคืฆืืคืืชโช .โฌืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืคืจืกืืื ืืกืืืชโช,โฌโฌ โซืฉืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืโช-โฌืืงืกืคืจืกืืื ืืื โ ืืชืขืื ืืืืชืืืช ืกืื ืื ืืืช ืืืฉืืง ืืืจืืื ืฉืื ืืโฌ โซืืืืืโช ,โฌืืืืคื ืฉืืืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืกืคืื ืืืชืงืืืืื ืืขืืืืชืโช .โฌืืืฉืจ ืืชืืื ื ืื ืืืืืงื ืืืชโฌ
โซโชDonald B. Kuspit, โโThe Archaic Self of 1โฌโฌ โซโชGeorg Baselitz,โโ The New Subjectivism:โฌโฌ โซโชArt in the 1980s (New York: Da Capo,โฌโฌ โซโช1988), p. 117.โฌโฌ
โซืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืคื ืคืขืืจโช ,โฌืื ืืคืืจืืช ืืืชืคืจืฆืืโช ,โฌืงืฉื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืฆืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืโฌ โซืืขืืจโช.โฌโฌ โซืืืืข ืืืืื ืืขืืืืืชืื ืฉื ืื ืงืืื ืืชืคืจืฅ ืืืชืคืืฆืฅ ืืฆืืขโช .โฌืฉืืืฉ ืขืืื ืืืช ืืชืืืืชโฌ โซืืืฉืืืช ืขืืืืืช ืื ืืฆื ืื (ืขืโ โช )41โฌืืื ืืืื ืืืืคืืืโช ,โฌื ืจืืืช ืจืืืช ืืืชืคืจืงืืชโช .โฌืืืืโช ,โฌืกืงืืชโฌ โซืืืจืืงโช-โฌืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชืืช ืืืืข ืืืืื ืฉื ืื ืงืืื (ืืืืงืฉืจ ืฉื ืืืื ืืืืืคืจืกืืื ืืกืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืืื ืื ืืงืจื)โช .โฌืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืขืืช ืืืกืืจืชืืช ืฉื ืืืข ืืืื ืโโืืืืช ืงืคืืโโโช ,โฌืืฉืจ ืืกืื ืืชโฌ
โซโช 2โฌืืืจืืื ืจโโช:โฌโฌ โซโชMargit Rowell, Object ofโฌโฌ โซโชDesire: The Modern Still Life (New York:โฌโฌ โซโชHarry N. Abrams, 1997).โฌโฌ
โซืืื ืืืช ืืืืื โ ืืืืื ืืืืื โ ืฆืืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืชืฉืืงื ืฆืืขืื ืืช ืืืฃ ืืื ืืชโช 2 .โฌืืืืืืโช,โฌโฌ โซืฉืืจืื ืืืืคืืข ืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืจืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืืืืกืืช ืื ืชืืื ืืช ืืจืืืืืชโช ,โฌืืขืืงืจ ื ืฉืืืช โ ืืืโฌ โซืืฆืืืจ ืืืืื ื ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขื ืขืืืืชื ืฉื ืกืืืืืช ืื ืืื โ ืืืืจ ืจืืืช ืื ืืฆืืืจืืโฌ
193.5x200 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2012-2011 ,โซืืืืื ืืืืื ืืชืืืืโฌ โ โ 2011-2012, oil on canvas, 193.5x200 La pasteque et le melon coupes,
200x150 ,โซ ืฉืื ืขื ืืโฌ,2014-2013 ,โซืืืจ ืืฆืืืโฌ Aure en jaune, 2013-2014, oil on canvas, 200x150
โซืื ืืื ืื ืงืืื ืืืื ืืืืจโฌ
โซื ืืืืืจ โช2014โฌโฌ
โซืงืืืืโฌ โซืขืืจืืชโช :โฌืืืื ืื ืืจโฌ โซืขืจืืืช ืืงืกื ืขืืจืืชโช :โฌืขืื ืช ืขืืโฌ โซืชืจืืื ืืื ืืืืชโช :โฌืืืื ืืืงืืโฌ โซืฆืืืืโช ,Gasull Fotografia :โฌืืจืฆืืื ืโฌ โซืขืืฆืืโช :โฌื ืื ืืืืโฌ โซืืืคืกืโช :โฌืขโช.โฌืจโช .โฌืืืคืกืืช ืืข"ืโช ,โฌืชืโช-โฌืืืืโฌ
โซืืืืืืช ื ืชืื ืืช ืืกื ืืืืืจืืโช ,โฌืจืืื โช xโฌืืืืโฌ โซยฉ โช ,2014โฌืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉืืืจืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืืืงโฌ
โซืขื ืืขืืืคืโช:โฌโฌ โซืืืื ืืฉืจืโช ,2011-2010 ,โฌืฉืื ืขื ืืโช220X135 ,โฌโฌ โซืขื' โช:3-2โฌโฌ โซืกืืืืื ืืืืโช ,โฌืืจืฆืืื ืโช ,โฌืกืคืจืโช2014 ,โฌโฌ โซืขื' โช:47-46โฌโฌ โซืืืืงื ืืืช ืขืฆืืืืโช ,2009-2006 ,โฌืฉืื ืขื ืืโช225x240 ,โฌโฌ
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