Daniel Enkaoua, from an other's perspective, catalogue

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Daniel Enkaoua

From an Otherรข€™s Perspective



Daniel Enkaoua From an Otherรข€™s Perspective




Daniel Enkaoua From an Otherโ€™s Perspective

November 2014

Catalogue Editor: Meital Manor Hebrew text editing: Einat Adi English translation: Talya Halkin Design: Nelly Levin Photography: Gasull Fotografia, Barcelona Printed by: A. R. Printing Ltd., Tel Aviv

Dimensions are given in centimeters, height precedes width. Page numbers run from right to left, in Hebrew order.

ยฉ 2014 All rights reserved to Litvak Gallery.

On the cover: Liel et Sarah, 2010-2011, oil on canvas, 220x135 Pages 46-47: Autoportraits, 2006-2009, oil on canvas, 225x240 Pages 2-3: The artistโ€™s studio, Barcelona, Spain, 2014

Litvak Gallery Museum Tower 4 Berkowitz St, Tel Aviv, Israel 972-3-6959496 www.litvakcontemporary.com




26.5x20 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2011 ,โ€ซืœื™ืืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืงืจื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€™ 2011, oil on canvas, 26.5x20 Liel vu de pres,


20.5x34 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014 ,โ€ซื›ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€™ โ€™ Poireaux seches, 2014, oil on canvas, 20.5x34

20x39 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2012 ,โ€ซืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ืกืจืื˜โ€ฌ Tomates Montserrat, 2012, oil on canvas, 20x39


Daniel Enkaoua: From an Otherโ€™s Perspective Tal Lanir

Two patches of color appear against a background composed of monochromatic brushstrokes. The first, smaller patch is located on the right. The second, larger and more elongated one is situated on the left. In both cases, bold strokes of white paint are gradually assimilated into an expanse of green. The smaller form, which is revealed to be a cauliflower, draws inwards, enclosed by a series of green and brown lines. Serving as a point of departure, it leads the eye towards the leeks, whose white bottoms give way to bright green stalks extending beyond the limits of the frame. The eye continues on its trajectory, searching for their tips, yet is constrained to proceed on its own. Registering the strokes of paint as it moves upwards, downwards, and to the sides, it searches for something to hold onto, looking for another perspective. This is a central motif in Daniel Enkaouaโ€™s works: The point where the artistโ€™s hand becomes present is also the point where it gives way to the eye of the viewer observing an Other. The eye must thus engage in the endless Sisyphean task of completing what the mind is attempting to receive. The represented object does not remain self-contained, but rather dissolves into the background, and then slowly โ€œobjectifiesโ€ itself again. Enkaouaโ€™s painting does away with the hierarchy between object and background. Even though his compositions each include a still life or a figure, these are presented as equal to the background โ€“ as is the case in frescoes or street art, where the surrounding elements are integral to the representational sphere. Enkaoua, who embarked on his artistic career in the 1980s, has formulated an approach to painting that may be compared to that of the neo-Expressionist German painter Georg Baselitz. In a series of well-known paintings, Baselitz inverted the represented objects in order to neutralize the paintingโ€™s narrative charge and free it of clearcut associations. In this manner, he sought to immerse the viewer in the concrete material or formal dimension Georg Baselitz, The Girls of Olmo II, โ€™ 1981, oil on canvas, 250x249, Musee National dโ€™Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris 1 Donald B. Kuspit, โ€™โ€™The Archaic Self of Georg Baselitz,โ€™โ€™ The New Subjectivism: Art in the 1980s (New York: Da Capo, 1988), p. 117.

of the painting, and to endow it with new horizons and depth.1 Enkaouaโ€™s bold use of color and his estranged, solitary figures may indeed be affiliated with Expressionism. Other writers, by contrast, have associated his work with Impressionism due to his attention to the moment, and to the flood of light and rapid brushstrokes characteristic of his paintings. Yet despite the presence of these and other stylistic elements, Enkaouaโ€™s paintings cannot be associated with a specific artistic movement or period. Ignoring the dictates of any one style, he plays with different modes of representation


in a manner that echoes additional tensions within his oeuvre. As one observes his portraits of children staring into space with their mouths agape, or his erupting fruits, it is difficult to know whether these paintings belong to the present or to the past. Enkaouaโ€™s still lifes explode with color. Three ripe, orange tomatoes are placed side by side (p. 41), their soft flesh sagging as if they were about to fall apart. Shades of green and red play a significant role in Enkaouaโ€™s still lifes (a choice that does not seem coincidental in the context of the Impressionist gaze). In contrast to, or perhaps even because of, the traditional meaning of the still life as a nature morte, or dead nature, these paintings are suffused with passionate colors, and even at times with a sexual charge.2 Watermelons, which are frequently depicted in Israeli art, are often imbued with an erotic

2 For further discussion, see Margit Rowell, Object of Desire: The Modern Still Life (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997).

quality related to the female body, and appear in works ranging from Nahum Gutmanโ€™s early twentieth-century paintings to Sigalit Landauโ€™s contemporary works. They are often present in Enkaouaโ€™s paintings, where they are depicted at times as open and seductive, while in other instances are seen semi-closed, their flesh peering out appealingly from within (p. 31). In some cases, the watermelon is depicted in โ€œcloseup,โ€ while in others it is portrayed with a scrutinizing, atmospheric โ€œlong shot.โ€ Yet rather than radiating an earthly sexuality, Enkaouaโ€™s watermelons seem to relate to a concern with life itself, as well as with the process of artmaking. He continues to paint the fruit even after it begins to rot, eternalizing its vitality. This quality calls to mind the last painting created by Frida Kahlo, which forges a direct connection between life and death: carving into the red flesh of a watermelon, she wrote the words โ€œViva la vidaโ€ โ€“ long live life โ€“ followed by her name and the place of her impending death. A similarly bold palette and ambivalence between vitality and stillness

Mark Rothko, Portrait (Untitled), 1939, oil on canvas, 101.6x76.5, collection of Christopher Rothko

is evident in Enkaouaโ€™s paintings of human figures. Most of these figures appear alone against a background of brushstrokes whose colors are blurred into a seemingly monochromatic expanse. Whereas the painted fruits and vegetables are filled with life and color, the portraits appear still and are characterized by low tonality. The figures seem withdrawn, their sometime distant gaze lost in thought; in other instances, they gaze at the viewer, staring back directly at him. One way or another, their gaze is enigmatic and open to the viewerโ€™s interpretation. Even the portraits, which mostly depict the painterโ€™s family members, are shaped by the same lack of hierarchy between object and background. In Enkaouaโ€™s paintings, the object has no narrative significance beyond its status as part of the world of painting and of the artistโ€™s inner world, which is represented for the viewer.3 Just as the cauliflower will rot while the artist continues to paint it in its absence, so the girl appears as an object captured by the artistโ€™s gaze and hand; once the fleeting moment, the โ€œaura,โ€ is registered, she will be able to continue on her way. This is perhaps the reason that the viewer may

3 This is true also of Enkaouaโ€™s landscape paintings, which are not included in this exhibition, and which constitute the third part of his work.


experience a kind of discomfort, or sense of estrangement, as he observes these figures. Enkaoua paintings of his wife and children make evident their close, intimate relations. At the same time, their representation as equal in value to the background seems to deprive the figure of any special status โ€“ the figures could be representations of any child or any woman, so that the personal becomes universal. Enkaouaโ€™s smaller works, which seemingly enable the figureโ€™s face to be observed up close, blur its outlines and โ€œpixilateโ€ the face and background (p. 19). Just as the painter places the fruit on the table, so he situates his figures in space. Yet in the portraits, and especially in the larger ones, one may note the intriguing theatrical relations between the figure and the background. In Liel Looking at the Ground, 2012โ€“2013 (p. 35), for instance, a child wearing dark purple pants and a white shirt stands at the center of the composition. His downcast eyes divert the viewerโ€™s gaze, causing it to focus on the chromatic and spatial relations between the figureโ€™s pants and shirt and between the figure and the ground. Once again, the compositional elements are arranged in a non-hierarchical manner, so that the relations between its parts are largely formal and concrete. These formal relations underscore the difficulty of defining a narrative, while compelling the viewer to further scrutinize the painting in search of what is absent, of its abstract and metaphysical dimensions. The painting in its entirety, as well as the relations between object and ground, call to mind Mark Rothkoโ€™s early painting Portrait (Untitled), 1939, in which a figure is situated at the center of the room against a window composed of several planes of color. Here too, there is a clear connection between the partially effaced, solitary figure and its background, which is created through their similar spatial and chromatic division. Many scholars have argued that the background of this early painting constitutes a precedent for Rothkoโ€™s later, abstract works. The background in Enkaouaโ€™s painting is Frida Kahlo, Viva la Vida, 1954, oil on masonite, 52x72, Museo Frida Kahlo, Mexico City

reminiscent of Rothkoโ€™s late monochromatic paintings, or of J.W. Turnerโ€™s abstract backgrounds. The use of light and color enables the work to be read as an abstraction โ€“ thus tying its concrete, immediately present dimension to that of the absent and the sublime. The stillness that pervades these portraits dissolves when Enkaoua introduces an additional figure into the composition. In the painting

Sarah and Liel in Dark Blue , 2013โ€“2014, (pp. 20-21), he once again creates a parallel between the figuresโ€™ clothes and the background. Here, however, the contact between the figures brings them to life. The motherโ€™s white hand, which is seen against the background of the childโ€™s blue shirt, ruptures the continuity of the colored expanse and seems to awaken the figures. In Self-Por traits , 2006-2009 (pp. 46-47), the background and its relations with the figures occupies a dominant place, while the absence of human contact is strongly evident. Instead, the figures in the


painting โ€“ a man and a woman โ€“ mirror one another in terms of their dress and positioning, while the very act of painting seems to echo itself. The painter seems to perceive the human figures, the fruits and vegetables, and the background in the same manner: they are all represented as part of the painterly weave, of a single conception of painting. Writing about the wide-open mouth in Avigdor Arikhaโ€™s self-portraits, Mordechai Omer described it as an expression of the artistโ€™s desire to perceive the act of painting in a sensory, total manner. 4 A wide-open mouth is seen in many of Enkaouaโ€™s portraits, especially in his self-portraits. Together with other aspects of his paintings โ€“ the non-hierarchical arrangement of the

Avigdor Arikha, Self-Portrait in Red Shirt, 1998, oil on canvas, 46x38, collection of Muly Litvak, Tel Aviv

painterly sphere, the paradoxical relations between vitality and stillness, the a-temporal stylistic quality โ€“ these elements underscore the artistโ€™s uncompromising need to perceive the act of artmaking as a concrete event.

4 Mordechai, Omer, Avigdor Arikha and Samuel Beckett: The Reflected Cry in Avigdor Arikha โ€™s: Self-Portraits (exh. cat.), Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv Museum of Art, 2010.


20x27 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2012 ,โ€ซืฉื ื™ ื—ื‘ื•ืฉื™ืโ€ฌ Deux coings, 2012, oil on canvas, 20x27



27x32 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014 ,โ€ซืขื ื‘ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ Raisins violets, 2014, oil on canvas, 27x32 162x97 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2013-2012 ,โ€ซ ืœื™ืืœ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืงืจืงืขโ€ฌ:โ€ซื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืžืžื•ืœโ€ฌ Opposite page: Liel regardant le sol, 2012-2013, oil on canvas, 162x97


17.5x27.5 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2013 ,โ€ซืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืจื™ืโ€ฌ Les deux marmites, 2013, oil on canvas, 17.5x27.5 22.5x34 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014 ,โ€ซืคืœืคืœื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ืโ€ฌ Les piments rouges, 2014, oil on canvas, 22.5x34


20.5x20.5 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2013 ,โ€ซืื•ืจ ืœืœื ืงืคื•ืฆ'ื•ืŸโ€ฌ Aure sans capuche, 2013, oil on canvas, 20.5x20.5


22x33.5 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2013 ,โ€ซืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืคืชื•ื— ืœืžื—ืฆื”โ€ฌ โ€™ La pasteque entrouverte, 2013, oil on canvas, 22x33.5

42x60 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2013 ,โ€ซืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืคืชื•ื—โ€ฌ โ€™ La pasteque ouverte, 2013, oil on canvas, 42x60


23.5x32.5 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2011 ,โ€ซืื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ ืกืชื™ื•โ€ฌ โ€™ Les pasteques dโ€™automne, 2011, oil on canvas, 23.5x32.5


19x32.3 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2012 ,โ€ซืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื—ืฆื•ื™โ€ฌ โ€™ โ€™ La pasteque coupee, 2012, oil on canvas, 19x32.3


17.5x27 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2013 ,โ€ซืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ืžื™ื—ืโ€ฌ โ€™ La pasteque et le chauffe eau, 2013, oil on canvas, 17.5x27

17x23 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014 ,โ€ซืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€™ La pasteque et les deux casseroles, 2014, oil on canvas, 17x23


18.5x26 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2012 ,โ€ซืœื™ืืœ ืฉื•ื›ื‘โ€ฌ โ€™ 2012, oil on canvas, 18.5x26 Liel allonge,


30x21.5 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2011 ,โ€ซืื•ืจ ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœโ€ฌ Aure en violet, 2011, oil on canvas, 30x21.5


30x24 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014 ,โ€ซื ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืขื™ืœ ื’ืฉื ื›ื”ื”โ€ฌ โ€™ โ€™ 2014, oil on canvas, 30x24 Natan en impermeable fonce,


22.5x20 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014 ,โ€ซื ืชืŸ ืžืชื’ืขื’ืข ืœื ื™ืงื•ืœืกโ€ฌ Natan se languissant de Nicolas, 2014, oil on canvas, 22.5x20


220x135 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2011-2010 ,โ€ซืœื™ืืœ ื•ืฉืจื”โ€ฌ Liel et Sarah, 2010-2011, oil on canvas, 202x135 127x230 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014-2013 ,โ€ซ ืฉืจื” ื•ืœื™ืืœ ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื”ื”โ€ฌ:21-20 'โ€ซืขืžโ€ฌ โ€™ 2013-2014, oil on canvas, 127x230 Pages 20-21: Sarah et Liel en bleu fonce,





โ€™ โ€™ de profil 22.5x18 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014 , Liel legerement โ€™ โ€™ Liel legerement de profil, 2014, oil on canvas, 22.5x18


22.5x20.5 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014 ,โ€ซืœื™ืืœ ื‘ืคื™ื’'ืžืช ืคืกื™ืโ€ฌ Liel en pyjama aโ€™ rayures, 2014, oil on canvas, 22.5x20.5



195x130 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2012-2011 ,โ€ซืœื™ืืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœโ€ฌ Liel debout de profil, 2011-2012, oil on canvas, 195x130 193.5x200 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2012-2011 ,โ€ซ ืคืจื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ืžืœื•ืŸ ื—ืชื•ื›ื™ืโ€ฌ:15-14 'โ€ซืขืžโ€ฌ โ€™ โ€™ 2011-2012, oil on canvas, 193.5x200 Pages 14-15: Detail from La pasteque et le melon coupes,




53x61 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“ ืžื•ืฆืžื“ ืœืขืฅโ€ฌ,2004-2003 ,โ€ซืฉื ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ Les deux, 2003-2004, oil on canvas mounted on wood, 53x61


14.5x13.5 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“ ืžื•ืฆืžื“ ืœืขืฅโ€ฌ,2003 ,โ€ซ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฌ,โ€ซ ืฉืจื”โ€ฌ:โ€ซืžื™ืžื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€™ Right: Sarah, etude pour Autoportraits, 2003, oil on canvas mounted on wood, 14.5x13.5

13.5x12.5 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“ ืžื•ืฆืžื“ ืœืขืฅโ€ฌ,2003 ,โ€ซ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืขืฆืžื™โ€ฌ:โ€ซืžืฉืžืืœโ€ฌ โ€™ Left: Etude pour Autoportrait, 2003, oil on canvas mounted on wood, 13.5x12.5


โ€ซื”ื“ื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืžืชืคื•ื’ื’ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืžืฆืจืฃ ืœืงื•ืžืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื“ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจื” ื•ืœื™ืืœ ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื”ื”โ€ช( 2014-2013 ,โ€ฌืขืžโ€™ โ€ช ,)21-20โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืงืข ืžืื—ื•ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌืืš ื”ืžื’ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื™ื“ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืจืงืข ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉื•ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฆื‘ืŸ ื”ืงืคื•ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื™ืโ€ช( 2009-2006 ,โ€ฌืขืžโ€™ โ€ช ,)47-46โ€ฌื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืจืงืข ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืš ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื• ื”ืžื’ืข ืฉื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืื ื•ื”ื‘ืŸโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืžืงื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื–ืืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ โ€“ ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ืื™ืฉื” โ€“ ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉื ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืชืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ื‘ื‘ื•ืื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ื“ื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื›ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืื“ื•ืžื”โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช ,2001โ€ฌืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ช ,46x38 ,โ€ฌืื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืœื™ ืœื™ื˜ื‘ืงโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืœโ€ช-โ€ฌืื‘ื™ื‘โ€ฌ

โ€ซื‘ื›ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื• โ€“ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช โ€“ ื•ืœืจืงืข ื’ื ื™ื—ื“โ€ช :โ€ฌื›ื•ืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืืจื’ ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืขื•ืžืจ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื” ื”ืคืขื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื›ื ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืฉืื™ืคืช ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืืžื ื•ืชโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช 4โ€ฌืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืขื•ืžืจโ€ชโ€™โ€™ ,โ€ฌืฆืขืงืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืกืžื•ืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืงื˜ ื•ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื›ืโ€™โ€™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื›ืโ€ช :โ€ฌื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื™ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืงื˜โ€™ ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” (ืชืœโ€ช-โ€ฌืื‘ื™ื‘โ€ช :โ€ฌืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืชืœโ€ช-โ€ฌืื‘ื™ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืืžื ื•ืชโ€ช.)2010 ,โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ืชโ€ช 4 .โ€ฌื”ืคื” ื”ืคืขื•ืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• โ€“ ื”ื”ื ื’ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืขืœโ€ช-โ€ฌื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ โ€“ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžื—ื–ืงื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืคืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื›ืžืžืฉื™โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซืฉืจื”โ€ช ,2012 ,โ€ฌื’ืจืคื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจโ€ช25x25 ,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชSarah, 2012, graphite on paper, 25x25โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืžืคืชื” ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืกื’ื•ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืฉืจื• ืžืฆื™ืฅ ื•ืงื•ืจืฅ (ืขืžโ€™ โ€ช.)31โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘โ€™โ€™ืงืœื•ื–โ€ช-โ€ฌืืคโ€™โ€™ ื ื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื‘โ€™โ€™ืœื•ื ื’โ€ช-โ€ฌืฉื•ื˜โ€™โ€™ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืจืชื™โ€ช .โ€ฌืืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžืชื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืืฆืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื›ื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ื ื›ื—ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืืžื ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ ื ืจืงื‘โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืืžืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื•ืžื ืฆื™ื— ืืช ื—ื™ื•ืชื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื“ื‘ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืืช ืฆื™ื•ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืงืืœื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื•ืชโ€ช :โ€ฌื”ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ื•ืจื˜ืช ื‘ืขืกื™ืก ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื โ€™โ€™โ€ชโ€™โ€™ โ€“ โ€™โ€™Viva la vidaโ€ฌื™ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืโ€™โ€™ โ€“ ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื” ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืงืจื‘โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซืคืจื™ื“ื” ืงืืœื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืโ€ช ,1954 ,โ€ฌืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื™ื˜โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช ,52x72โ€ฌืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืงืืœื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืกื™ื˜ื™โ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืชืจืช ื•ื”ืืžื‘ื™ื•ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื•ืžืžื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื’ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืžื ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื ืจืื” ืžื•ื ื•ื›ืจื•ืžื˜ื™โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžืœืื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืฆื‘ืขื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืจื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื˜ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžืŸโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืขืชื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืžืจื•ื—ืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืคื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื—ื–ืจื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืš ืื• ื›ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืื ื™ื’ืžื˜ื™ ื•ืคืชื•ื— ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืคื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื ื™ื›ืจ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืจืงืขโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืคืจื˜ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจโ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ืฆื•ืคื”โ€ช3 .โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช 3โ€ฌื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉืื™ื ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœืข ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืจืงื‘ ืืš ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ื™ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื•ืœ ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื™ื“ ื”ืจื•ืฉืžืช ืชืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ื”โ€™โ€™ื”ื™ืœื”โ€™โ€™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืšโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืœื›ืชื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืื•ืœื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืฆื•ืคื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ื•ื—ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืืฉืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืžื ื ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืื›ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืš ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื ื›ืฉื•ื•ื™โ€ช-โ€ฌืขืจืš ืœืจืงืขื ื“ื•ืžื” ื’ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื“ืžื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” โ€“ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื”; ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืžื”ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื™ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืชืืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื•โ€™โ€™ืžืคืงืกืœื•ืชโ€™โ€™ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืจืงืข (ืขืžโ€™ โ€ช .)19โ€ฌื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื™ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื—ืœืœโ€ช .โ€ฌืืš ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื—ืก ืžืจืชืง ื•ืชื™ืื˜ืจืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืงืขโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืžืฉืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืœื™ืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืงืจืงืขโ€ช( 2013-2012 ,โ€ฌืขืžโ€™ โ€ช ,)35โ€ฌืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืงื•ืžืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื›ื ืกื™ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืกื’ื•ืœ ืขื– ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆืชื• ืœื‘ื ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌืžื‘ื˜ื• ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืœ ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืกื™ื˜ ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืงืข ื•ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืžื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืงืขโ€ช .โ€ฌืฉื•ื‘โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื”ื ื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื• ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื™ื—ืกื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืืœื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื ืกื— ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ืœืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืืœ ื”ื ืขื“ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ืžื˜ืืคื™ื–ื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื•ื”ืจืงืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ืฆื™ื•ืจื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืง ืจื•ืชืงื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ (ืœืœื ื›ื•ืชืจืช)โ€ช ,1939 ,โ€ฌืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื“ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืœ ืจืงืข ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื’ื ืืฆืœ ืจื•ืชืงื• ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขื˜ ืžื—ื•ืงื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžื ื•ื›ืจืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืงืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืจื•ืชืงื• ืžืฉื™ื™ืš ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืจืงืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื—ืก ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืงื“ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืจืงืข ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื•ื›ืจื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืชืงื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ืืช ื”ืจืงืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช โ€“ ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉื™ ื•ื”ื ื•ื›ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžื“ ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื ืขื“ืจ ื•ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ื”ืžืงืฉืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซืžืืจืง ืจื•ืชืงื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ (ืœืœื ื›ื•ืชืจืช)โ€ช ,1939 ,โ€ฌืฉืžืŸ ืขืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื“โ€ช ,101.6x76.5 ,โ€ฌืื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืจ ืจื•ืชืงื•โ€ฌ


โ€ซื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช :โ€ฌืœืœื ื›ื•ืชืจืชโ€ฌ

โ€ซื˜ืœ ืœื ื™ืจโ€ฌ

โ€ซืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืฉื™ ืฆื‘ืข ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžื•ื ื•ื›ืจื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืื—ื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌืงื˜ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื™ืžื™ืŸโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืฉื ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื’ื“ื•ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืชืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื โ€“ ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืขืจื‘ื‘ ืขืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืจื•ืงโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ืงื˜ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื›ืจืฉื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื–ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื”ื™ืกื—ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืง ืขื–โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ืžืฉืš ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืžื•ื ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืขื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืœื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ืจื•ืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืš ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื ืืœืฆืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืขืœ ื“ืขืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฆืžื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืขื•ื“ื” ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ื ืขื” ืžืขืœื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื˜ื” ื•ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ืโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืœืื—ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื–ื”ื• ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซึตโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื—ืคืฉืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื˜โ€ฌ โ€ซืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื—ืช ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžืฉื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืืœ ืขื™ื ื• ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื•ืคื” ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ืื—ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืขื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื™ื–ื™ืคื™ ื•ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืžื ืกื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืงื‘ืœโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืœื ื’ื•ืœืฉ ืœืจืงืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืฉืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•โ€™โ€™ืžืชืื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜โ€™โ€™ ืœืื˜ื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืจืงืข ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•โ€ช .โ€ฌืืžื ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื“ื•ืžื ืื• ื“ืžื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืš ืืœื” ืžื•ื ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœืจืงืข ืฉืœื”ื โ€“ ื›ืคืจืกืงื• ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืืžื ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ืœืžืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฆื™ื’ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื ื™ืื•โ€ช-โ€ฌืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืจื’ ื‘ื–ืœื™ืฅ (โ€ช )Baselitzโ€ฌื”ื’ืจืžื ื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ืโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืœื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ืืช ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืšโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืชโ€ช-โ€ฌื”ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื•ืœืชืช ืœื• ืื•ืคืงื™ื ื•ืขื•ืžืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ืโ€ช 1 .โ€ฌื™ืฉ ืืฃ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื™ื›ื• ืืช ืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืืงืคืกืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืขื–ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืกื‘ื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ โ€“ ื•ืื›ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื ื™ืชืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฉื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื—ื•ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื’ื™ืื•ืจื’ ื‘ื–ืœื™ืฅโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ืžืื•ืœืžื• โ€ช ,1981 ,IIโ€ฌืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช ,250x249โ€ฌืžืจื›ื– ื–โ€™ื•ืจื–โ€™ ืคื•ืžืคื™ื“ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌืคืจื™ื–โ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืืš ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ื™ืš ืืช ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืœื–ืจื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื• ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื’ืžื” ื”ืื™ืžืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ื™ืš ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื ื™ืื•โ€ช-โ€ฌืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื โ€“ ืžืชืขืœื ืžื”ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืกื’ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื–ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื—ื“ื™ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžื”ื“ื”ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืชโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชDonald B. Kuspit, โ€™โ€™The Archaic Self of 1โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชGeorg Baselitz,โ€™โ€™ The New Subjectivism:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชArt in the 1980s (New York: Da Capo,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช1988), p. 117.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืคื” ืคืขื•ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืจืฆื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืงืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ื” ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืœืขื‘ืจโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื•ืžื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ืžืชืคืจืฅ ื•ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืฆื‘ืขโ€ช .โ€ฌืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืžื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœืฆื“ ื–ื• (ืขืžโ€™ โ€ช )41โ€ฌื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื ืจืื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืคืจืงื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ื›ืœืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌืกืงืœืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ืจื•ืงโ€ช-โ€ฌืื“ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” (ื•ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงืจื”)โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื“ื•ืžื ื›โ€™โ€™ืžื•ื•ืช ืงืคื•ืโ€™โ€™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืฉืจ ืžืกืžืœ ืืชโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช 2โ€ฌืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืจโ€™โ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชMargit Rowell, Object ofโ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชDesire: The Modern Still Life (New York:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชHarry N. Abrams, 1997).โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœื” โ€“ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ืžื™ื ื™ืชโ€ช 2 .โ€ฌื”ืื‘ื˜ื™ื—โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืžืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืืจื•ื˜ื™ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ืฉื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื—ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื—ื•ื ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื’ืœื™ืช ืœื ื“ืื• โ€“ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื•โ€ฌ


193.5x200 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2012-2011 ,โ€ซืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ืžืœื•ืŸ ื—ืชื•ื›ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€™ โ€™ 2011-2012, oil on canvas, 193.5x200 La pasteque et le melon coupes,


200x150 ,โ€ซ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ฌ,2014-2013 ,โ€ซืื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื”ื•ื‘โ€ฌ Aure en jaune, 2013-2014, oil on canvas, 200x150




โ€ซื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ืจโ€ฌ

โ€ซื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ โ€ช2014โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซืงื˜ืœื•ื’โ€ฌ โ€ซืขื•ืจื›ืชโ€ช :โ€ฌืžื™ื˜ืœ ืžื ื•ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืจื™ื›ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขื‘ืจื™ืชโ€ช :โ€ฌืขื™ื ืช ืขื“ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืชโ€ช :โ€ฌื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ืœืงื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืฆื™ืœื•ืโ€ช ,Gasull Fotografia :โ€ฌื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืขื™ืฆื•ื‘โ€ช :โ€ฌื ืœื™ ืœื•ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ืคืกื”โ€ช :โ€ฌืขโ€ช.โ€ฌืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ื“ืคืกื•ืช ื‘ืข"ืžโ€ช ,โ€ฌืชืœโ€ช-โ€ฌืื‘ื™ื‘โ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืจื•ื—ื‘ โ€ช xโ€ฌื’ื•ื‘ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซยฉ โ€ช ,2014โ€ฌื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื’ืœืจื™ื” ืœื™ื˜ื‘ืงโ€ฌ

โ€ซืขืœ ื”ืขื˜ื™ืคื”โ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื™ืืœ ื•ืฉืจื”โ€ช ,2011-2010 ,โ€ฌืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ช220X135 ,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' โ€ช:3-2โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ื”ืืžืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืกืคืจื“โ€ช2014 ,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืž' โ€ช:47-46โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื™ืโ€ช ,2009-2006 ,โ€ฌืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื“โ€ช225x240 ,โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื’ืœืจื™ื” ืœื™ื˜ื‘ืงโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืจื—ื™ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ โ€ช ,4โ€ฌืชืœโ€ช-โ€ฌืื‘ื™ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ช03-6959496โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชwww.litvakcontemporary.comโ€ฌโ€ฌ




โ€ซื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ืจโ€ฌ



โ€ซื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื ืงื•ื•ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ืจโ€ฌ


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