Hub_balancing the coworking space

HUB Balancing the coworking space

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Work hard in silence, let your success make all the noise.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Research

008 Opportunity 009 Coworking space 026 Working trend

036 Interviews 048 Field research 072 Research about sound 082 Technology & Materials

Design

Final Design

094 Design key elements 096 1st round ideation sketch & model 100 2nd round ideation sketch & model 116 1st round final round sketch & model 128 1st round final round sketch & model

138 3D Model 144 User Scenario 146 Orthographic 148 Part list & Cost

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Introduction

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Opportunity Coworking is a relatively new working style that has been thriving in the U.S. for the past decade.

However, most innovative coworking spaces lack privacy, have noise problems and space planning challenges.

Finding ways to balance these issues, while addressing the benefits of community, could make coworking spaces far more enjoyable places to work, engage, and be more productive.

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What is coworking space?

Coworking refers to individuals working in the same space.

Coworking spaces are where freelancers and small company workers interact and collaborate. Those who choose to utilize coworking spaces often enjoy knowledge sharing, better productivity, and a sense of community.

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Working Style Evolution

1940–1960

1960–1980

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Mobile phones, computers, and the fax machines were invented and started to change how people worked in offices. Data could be digitalized and storage on a floppy disk.

People usually worked long hours. Offices relied on communication via telephones and maintained files for document storage.

1980–2000

2000–Now

Computers and mobile phones became more affordable. Through the Internet, people could contact their business partners and clients faster and more efficiently. It also changed how people absorbed information.

Mobile phones, computers, and the Internet are a part of people’s lives whether they are working or not. Smart devices and wireless technology let people work and contact people from almost anywhere. Social media also has a huge impact on how people share information and connect with others.

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Basic infrastructure of Coworking space

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1. Open workspace 2. Common area 3. Kitchen 4. Phone booth 5. Conference area

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Why have coworking spaces become popular?

Because of the advance of technology, office boundaries are becoming blurred. Work does not happen only in the office and work time is not just 9-5 anymore. Flexibility at work has started to become one of the important considerations when people choose their job. People want to have more control of their lives. This situation has made coworking spaces popular in the past several years.

Different coworking spaces target different types of workers. They want to gather people from different industries and fields to collaborate and share knowledge, grow together, and build a good working atmosphere.

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Numbers of coworking spaces by country

781 230 199 154 140

United States Germany Spain United Kingdom Australia

129 95 91 80 44

Japan Brazil Italy Canada Poland

Source: coworkingmap.org HUB

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Growth of coworking spaces

The number of coworking spaces in the world has increased from 3,400 to 7,800 from 2013–2015.

A recent report by CBRE Group Inc., estimates co-working spaces will show an annual growth of 21% in the next five years.

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130%

7,800

3,400

75 2007

310 2009

1,130

2011

2013

2015

Number of coworking spaces in the world

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Why do people like to work in coworking spaces ?

Flexibility People who work in coworking spaces have more control of their lives. In general, coworking spaces are open 24/7 for their members, so workers can decide how much time they want to dedicate to their work. Furthermore, coworking spaces offer different environments for their members to work in, so workers can chose which space is best for them.

Connection People get together and create their unique workspace culture and pleasant work atmosphere. Members can network with other professionals or become friends with others. They can share their knowledge and experiences.

Through discussion and exchanging opinions, people can develop new ideas and breakthroughs in their work.

Share cost People who choose to work in coworking spaces find it’s more affordable than renting office space. For example, freelancers and small business workers don’t have to purchase extra equipment and furniture, such as desks, cables, and printers.

They share the costs of water, electricity, and maintenance.

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FLEXIBILITY

CONNECTION

SHARE COST

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Who works in coworking spaces?

According to an article from PGI, there are three major types of people who work in coworking spaces.

Freelancers and homeworkers Since mid- and large-size companies started to work with freelancers and contractors, they reduced the number of staffers maintaining the operation. Coworking spaces offer freelancers and contractors chances for social networking.

Through interacting with other people in coworking spaces, freelancers can get advice and support.

Employees and collaborators Some mid­and large-size companies encourage employees to work off site in order to save workspace costs. Surrounded by independent workers, employees can get advice and different perspectives from those who are outside of their own company which can enhance their creativity.

Entrepreneurs and small businesses Some coworking spaces are incubators. They are trying to gather companies in their early-stages, and help them grow. An example is Bespoke in San Francisco. They look for people who work in the field related to tech-retail.

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9%

5%

WORK FOR NON-PROFITS

WORK FOR COMPANY WITH MORE THAN 100 EMPLOYEES

35%

51%

WORK FOR SMALL COMPANIES / START UP

INDEPENDENT WORKERS

Source: Global Coworking Unconference Conference HUB

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Co-working by profession

IT ( Software engineer, Web developer) Consulting PR. Marketing, Sales, Advertising Design ( Graphic, Web, Product, Game) Project Management ( Events, Community, Culture) Research (Scientific, Analyst, Researcher) Writing ( Journalist, Writer, Copywriter, Blogger) Business Development ( INCL,Founder) Education (Coaching, Training, Teaching ) Higher Management Art ( filmmaker, Painter, Photographer, Music...)

Other

Source: GUCU 2016 22

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19%

19%

9%

10%

1% 2%

9%

6%

6%

4% 1%

14%

2014–2015

29%

15%

5%

7%

4%

4%

5%

3%

5%

5%

3%

16%

2015–2016 HUB

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Demography of coworking spaces

38% Generation X (1965-1982)

25% Baby Boomers (1946-1964)

37% Generation Y/ Millennials (1980-2000) Source: Global Coworking Unconference Conference 24

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Different generational needs

Baby Boomers

Generation X

Generation Y (Millennial)

1. Acoustic privacy 2. Quality of meeting spaces 3. Support for casual interaction 4. Safety and security 5. Physical comfort 6. Engaging workplace

1. Engaging workplace 2. Safety and security 3. Support for casual interaction 4. Quality of meeting space 5. Physical comfort 6. Acoustic privacy

1. Engaging workplace 2. Support for casual interaction 3. Safety and Security 4. Physical comfort 5. Acoustic privacy 6. Quality of meeting space

6 Key features: Engaging Workplace How well the overall office provides an engaging workplace (feeling of belonging, ability to connect with others, appropriate image of the company, welcoming environment).

Support for Casual Interaction How well the design and layout of the overall office facilitates casual interaction and communication throughout the space.

Quality of Meeting Spaces The right number, size and location of meeting spaces, and ability to reserve and occupy meeting space when needed.

Physical Comfort Comfort provided by the furniture and equipment within the primary workspace.

Acoustic Privacy Ability to assess spaces that provide privacy from being overheard when needed.

Safety and Security How safe and secure the employee feels in the building and within his or her primary workspace.

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Current situations in coworking spaces According to The Global Coworking Survey, 24% of workers said that noise in the workspace annoyed them the most; 15% of workers wanted more privacy.

Internet connection

17% 15%

Lack of privacy Lack of interaction with others

14% 9%

Incomplete office infrastructure

7%

Cleanliness Price

5%

Co-working space in bad shape

4%

People at my coworking space

4%

*Other (selection) Too Far/ Lack of community/ No good food and drink nearby/ Bad light/ Uncomfortable chair and table/ Too male- dominated/ Too big/ No parking/ bad interior design/ Cliques HUB

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Not able to focus on work

*Other

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30%

Noise

15%

The Global Coworking Survey also shows that 35% of workers prefer open workspaces with private areas.

Furthermore, 40% of workers like a mixture of open space and closed rooms. This means that a chance to have some privacy is important.

24%

Workspace layout and design Office infrastructure

23%

Kitchen and food

23% 18%

Programs and events House of operation

13%

Recreational facilities

12%

Security of personal items Other

6% 11%

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According to the Global Coworking Survey, 27% of coworking spaces are planning to have more desks and space in their current locations.

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27% 21%

2014

2016

Furthermore, people will have less workspace in the future.

According to Corenet Global, the global association for corporate real estate, workplace density keeps rising. The average square foot per person dropped from 225 to 176 in 2010 from 2012. They predict this number will drop to 100 square feet per person by 2017.

225 SQ-FT/ PERSON 2010

176 SQ-FT/ PERSON 2012

100 SQ-FT/ PERSON 2017

Source: 2013 Gensler workplace survey (WPS) HUB

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According to the Harvard Business Review: They found their are several elements that keep people interested in working in coworking space.

1. They see their work as more meaningful.

2. They have more job control.

3. They feel they are part of a community.

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According to The Global Coworking Survey, 75% of members want to have small talks with other memeber.

That mean in interaction is an important element for people who work in coworking space.

75%

Casual small talk Sharing knowledge

68%

Enjoy others’ company

66%

Brainstorming ot sharing new ideas

60%

Sharing opportunities for new jobs or projects

55%

Sharing contacts

54%

Quick help

50%

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Research

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2-1. Interview

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01 Kelsey Karl

Coworking space coordinator / BESPOKE She said they hosted many small events for their members to encourage them to interact and know each other. Recently they are trying to have some large scale events to bring some different energy to their members.

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02 Meg Bell Coworking space Managing director / Vault She put different teams in different areas to minimize them disturbing each others. Some members need to focus and some of them need to communicate. She tries to find a way to help people focus while not hindering the collaboration.

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03 Cyril Coworking space member He is from Switzerland and works for a Swiss company. He is the only employee his company sent to San Francisco. The reason he chooses to work at a coworking space is the community. Members in the coworking space he utilizes are mostly in the retail business, which is related to his field. He also prefers coworking spaces because he doesn’t want to work alone at home.

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“ceilings are under utilized.�

04 Lori Founder of Designanlytic She is an interior designer and recently launched her own company.I attend her speech; the topic was about how coworking is shaping the office building of the future.

I interviewed her after the speech and explained my project. She thinks that there are fewer products on the market which utilize the ceiling area. There is a chance to rearrange the space easier, because one of the key elements of coworking space is flexibility.

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“We are looking for the solution for the phone booth.”

05 Allen Wong Co-founder of campsyte Allen just launched a new coworking space and they are still decorating their space. He is looking for the solutions for the phone booth which doesn’t take too much space.

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“We usually do a dramatic space arrangement every 6 months and see how people like it. “

06 Owen Host of Next space Berkeley He said that the location is the strength of this space.

Most of the member are freelancers, students, and local small business people. They usually rearrange the area every six months to give some fresh feeling to members and see how people like it.

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“It’s a challenge to balance event spaces and workspaces.

We have tables that can fold up and hide quickly, but it always disturbs people. ” 07 Zoe Manager of The Port Most of the member are educators and non-profit. organizations. It’s a challenge to balance event spaces and workspaces. They have tables which can fold up and hide quickly, but it always disturbs people.

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“We try to reach our expectations without access to conference rooms because we are still growing and have more members“ 08 Charlie Manager of the Eco-sytem During the interview, we were interrupted a few times by people who had asked for the meeting room, but they were all booked.

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“ people want to have private space but still connect with others“

09 Marc Bertorelli Host of the Central Working Central Working is not a big coworking space.

During the interview, he said that people want to have private space but still connect with others.

He loves to see collaboration happen between coworking members and it’s always amazing to see new ideas come up.

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“We are looking for some green products in our coworking space.“ Fabien

Co-Founder of Apocapoc

“ It gets busy when we are hosting the events. We need more space to store our stuff.“ Babara

Community Manager of MOB

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“ The open space can give people more of a coworknig feeling. “ Raissa

Club coworking space Host

“ The schedule for conference rooms are always fully booked by our members. “ Alessandro

Community Manager of Impact Hub King Cross

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Conclusion Some companies send their teams into coworking spaces.They believe that different environments can help people have better work performance. Also, most of the coworking spaces will host events, so they rearrange those areas frequently. That means flexibility of design should be considered in workspaces.

Another common problem is lack of meeting rooms.

People usually need to book a meeting room or private phone booth before they can use them.

Sometimes people will reserve a phone booth and just work inside in that small private space. This shows people need a certain level of privacy.

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Persona developing

Jason Age: 26 Occupation: Web Designer Location: San Francisco, CA

Laura Age: 36 Occupation: Writer / Graphic designer.

Location: Oakland, CA

Ken Age: 52 Occupation: Marketing Aanager Location: San Francisco, CA

Jason works for a startup with seven people. He likes to hang out with his friends after work. They work in a coworking space in downtown and work alone together. They can work anywhere they want, but they have sometimes they will have meetings with their team.

Laura is an outgoing person; she likes to make friends with people, but she needs to stay quiet when she’s working. She is going to a coworking space four times a week because the working atmosphere is better than work at a coffee shop and the facilities are more better than her house.

She usually meets her clients at her coworking space.

Ken lives in the east bay and commutes to downtown SF every day. He likes rock climbing and hiking. He works for a small company, and they have a dedicated office in a coworking space. He uses the phone and Skype a lot to communicate with his client.

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2-2. Field research San Francisco Oakland London Barcelona

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They have open spaces and several private offices, but it is a little bit crowded. Private offices don’t block noise entirely, so the sound will come through the wall.

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This is a big coworking space. It has different section area for the different purpose.

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It is an old building next to the KingCross in London. They have three floors. The first floor is an open workspace, the second floor is meeting room space, and the third floor is another open workspace. They don’t have any phone booth, but they have some noise reduction furniture. Lots of members are business people because the place is close to the train station.

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It is a small coworking space. Here only have one meeting room and two phone booths. When here are full of people. Members need to squeeze through people and find a seat.

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Mixed with an open plan area and private offices. There are most of the members are lawyers and tech companies. It’s quiet here. There only have one phone booth in this place.

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Mixed with an open plan area and private offices. It is much more bigger than one in San Francisco, but the number of private office careless than San Francisco. Most of the members are independent worker, such as freelancer.

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They have a big open plan workspace and several private meeting spaces. Several Ping-Pong tables are used as desks.

It is a building with a high ceiling, so the sound bounces around easily in the space.

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Mixed with open plan workspace and private meeting rooms. They try to organize their members and teams in different areas base on their working type to avoid disturbing each other. They use walls to layout space also reduce the noise.

For example, they put the football table far away outside from the workspace.

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Well organized and the and has good interior design. One different between this facility and other coworking spaces is that they provide a nap nook. It’s an area where members should be quiet so that they can enjoy time without noise.

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Eco-systm (San Francisco)

It is a big co-working space which has two floors. The first floor has a big open working space and the second floor has more private offices. There is some small private room for

members to talk on their phone and give them some privacy, but it’s not sound still go through the glass door.

Meeting rooms are always booked out and in use.

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It locates in downtown San Francisco. It is still decorating and hasn’t opened yet. There are two meeting rooms, but the owner is thinking turn one of the meeting rooms into a private office.

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Oak stop (Oakland) It locates in downtown Oakland. There is no private working area in this coworking space. Most of the members are artists. This coworking space has a gallery and hosts the event often.

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Well organized with different areas that have different functions. The primary workspaces are the private offices. They provide a common area that is combined with lounge areas and dining areas for their members.

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The Port (Oakland) This is a coworking space which locates in an old building. It mixes with private offices and open workspaces. The port is next to the train trail; there is a lot of

noise when the train pass by. There have several phone booths on each floor. They place more furniture that can provide privacy than the other coworking space.

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MOB (Makers of Barcelona) It locates in Barcelona. There are some private working offices, but most of them are open workspaces.Most of the members are working architecture, artist and tech-related industry. There is no phone booth at here.

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Meet BNC (Barcelona) It’s not big coworking space. There is an open working space with dedicate tables for the members. They have two meeting ring and no phone booth.

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Apocapoc (Barcelona) It located in an old build. Most of the members are freelancers. They have a big balcony. Owner put a lot of plants in there. There are two private office and no phone booth at here. People will go to the balcony when they need to talk on their phone.

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Central working (London) It mixed with private office and open workspace. Some areas in open workspace are dedicated desk. They have two phone booth. It is crowded in this space. Most the members are freelancers or work in tech-related companies.

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Club workspace (London) It mixed with private office and open workspace.

They don’t have the meeting room and phone booth, but the place some furniture to provide some privacy.

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Innovation Warehouse (London) It has a big open workspace. Most of the members are small companies and have dedicated desk. They have separate areas for different purposes.

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Conclusion

Most of the coworking spaces are located in existing buildings. The owners of coworking spaces try not to damage the buildings because that will cost more and that might be against the law.

Depending on the size of the space, bigger spaces have more chances to create more options for their members. Smaller coworking spaces need a more flexible setup to prepare for more numerous changes in their area.

Most of the people are pretty respectful when they are working the space, but sometimes when too many people are their, they can’t avoid the noise and will have less of a chance to access the facilities when they need to use them.

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2-3. Research about sound

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About sound

Hertz – Hertz (Hz) is a unit of frequency.

One Hertz is defined as one cycle per second. The human ear can hear from 20Hz— 20,000 Hz. High-frequency Noise typically is between 100KHz—100MHz. Lower than 200Hz call low-frequency noise.

Decibel (dB) A unit used to measure the intensity of a sound or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale.

Noise Generally speaking, the sound that between 50dB—70dB is the comfort level for the human. When the sound higher than 70dB, people will start to feel uncomfortable. However, different people have different opinions how they think about noise.

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About sound in the space

The vibration produces the waves of sound in the medium. Most of the sounds that people hear in the room are travel by air. For an indoor environment, the shape of the room and objects inside will affect how the wave of sound is reflecting in the chamber. Noise it is unpleasant sound to people; it could be randomly or regularly sound. It is a subjective feeling depend on different people.

Object in the room will effect sound reflection in the room

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Example of the shape of room effect sound works in the room

According to research from Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration at Illinois University, which shows when ambient noise is around 70 decibels, it can help people more focus on thinking.

Noise Reduction solutions Sound reflection When the sound wave hits the flat, rigid surface, it will bounce off. It’s usually is used to block the sound from the exterior. For example, highway barriers use this principle to block the noise from the traffic.

Sound diffusion When sound reaches an irregular surface, the waves will divide and break up into many smaller pieces so that the sound will dissipate. Usually, one uses this principle to prevent echoes.

Sound absorption When a sound wave hit a particular surface, the kinetic energy driving it is converted into a small amount of heat energy which dissipates, such as in carpets and curtains. Depending on the different materials used, the level of how it absorbs the sound will be different.

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About privacy

According to the study from the University of Sydney found that lacking of the privacy is the is the biggest problem while they work in an open office. Sound privacy and visual privacy are the top two factors people care about. Almost 50% of respondents said they are frustrated about lacking sound privacy and 33% of respondents stated that they lack visual privacy.

Acoustic privacy 1. The noise in the environment 2. Privacy of conversation with other people

Visual privacy 1. Private information on their computer 2. The private information when they are meeting 3. Visual distraction

Source: Journal of Environmental Psychology 76

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How do people feel about privacy by distance

Public Space

Social Space

Personal Space

Intimate Space 1.5ft (0.45m)

4ft (1.2m)

12ft (3.6m)

25ft (7.6m)

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Current solutions for noise & privacy

Ceiling

Wall

Carpet

There are some products can block the

It could absorb the noise and reduce the

It can absorb sound of walking and reduce

reflection of sound in the space.

sound reflection.

the noise in the building.

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Booth

Acoustic screen

White noise machine

Headphone / Earphone

People can use it to block the noise from others, and also your voice to others.

It gives some background noise in the environment that helps people lower their attention on other noise in then space.

It is flexible and modular. Easy to rearrange and divide the space.

It’s light to bring with you and can provide music to block the sound from the environment.

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Interviews

Stephen Curran West coast sound solution

After I explain my project, Stephen suggests me that I can try the material which calls mass loaded vinyl. It is a material can help absorb and barrier the noise. It is common use to install on the wall.

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Lee Brenner Bay area noise control

I interviewed Lee and explained my project and he thought it was interesting.

He suggested I use thick sound absorbtion foam because it will have a better noise reduction function. He also told me I could look into high-class airplane seats to get some ideas.

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2-4. Technology & Materials

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Laminate Materials

Outside

1. Non-woven Felt

2. TPU Honeycomb Structure 3. PU Foam Panel 4. Non-woven Felt

Inside

According to the study by Feng-Chia University, laminate 10mm non-woven felt, 10cm TPU honeycomb structure sheet, and 20mm PU foam panel can have a good sound absorbing function.

Source: Feng-Chia Uiniversity HUB

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Technology

White noise

Pink noise

Wireless charge

To set up the equalization for a concert or other performance in a venue, a short burst of white or pink noise is sent through the PA system and monitored from various points in the venue so that the engineer can tell if the acoustics of the building naturally boost or cut any frequencies. The engineer can then adjust the overall equalization to ensure a balanced mix.

Pink noise or  1 ⠄ f noise is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the power spectral density (energy or power per Hz) is inversely proportional to the frequency of the signal. It could mask the noise from the environment, especially when people are having some conversation

Noise control is an active or passive means of reducing sound emissions, often for personal comfort, environmental considerations or legal compliance. Active noise control is sound reduction using a power source. Passive noise control is sound reduction by noise-isolating materials such as insulation, sound-absorbing tiles, or a muffler rather than a power source.

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Virtual Reality ( VR ) Virtual reality (VR) typically refers to computer technologies that use software to generate realistic images, sounds and other sensations that replicate a real environment (or create an imaginary setting), and simulate a user’s physical presence in this environment, by enabling the user to interact with this space and any objects depicted therein using specialized display screens or projectors and other devices.

Augmented Reality ( AR ) Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct or indirect view of a physical, realworld environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data.

As a result, the technology functions by enhancing one’s current perception of reality.

Smart Glass Smart glass or switchable glass (also smart windows or switchable windows in those applications) is glass or glazing whose light transmission properties are altered when voltage, light or heat is applied. Generally, the glass changes from translucent to transparent, changing from blocking some (or all) wavelengths of light to letting light pass through.

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Different types of material

Non-woven felt

PU sound absorb foam

Honeycomb Structure layer

It’s relatively cheap than other noise reduce materials. Many colours to choice, washable. It’s also have sound absorb effect.

Is very useful for absorbing noise. Foam is easy to shape, but the price is higher than felt. The thicker foam works better.

Hexagonal shape structure can reduce noise by reflecting the sound goes inside. It also can also can give it the space between felt and sound absorb foam to enhance it’s noise reduce level.

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Mass Loaded Vinyl

Acoustic Fabric

MLV is a heavy flexible soundproofing vinyl used in home and office soundproofing installations.

Guilford of Maine’s FR701 acoustic fabric is made from 100% post-consumer recycled Polyester to produce a highquality acoustical fabric that is recyclable at the end of its useable life.

Designed to absorb sound waves and block air-borne noise, mass loaded vinyl has a dense heavy structure weighing 1 pound per square foot. An economical and popular soundproofing solution among home soundproofing contractors and do-it-yourself’ers.

Cork It is flexible and recyclable. It also can adsorb the sound wave.

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Human Factors

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Source: Ergonomics and Design A Reference Guide by Allsteel HUB

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Product requirement document

Expected product size and weight – customer requirement Movable by one person Expected product performance requirements Pop up space and flexibility.

Product power requirements.

No power needs Product shelf life.

More than 10 yeaers Expected product service environment.

Open office Will the product be exposed to dirt or other contaminants (corrosive fluids, etc.)?

Office environment How will the product be treated in service?

As a movable item What impact will the product have on its environment?

It will occupy some space in the environment.

Expected product safety requirements Should not be easy catch on fire Potential sources of product liability litigation.

Catch on fire

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Purpose Most of current coworking spaces are facing lack of privacy and space planning challenge. The purpose so the project is finding a way to balance this issue to improve the working experience in coworking space. Design something that is flexible that can utilize when the people need some private moment.

Feature Base on the interviews from managers and coworkers from different coworking space - Easy to set up - Easy to storage - Lightweight (movable by one person Less than 10KG) - Can create a semi-open space - Can reduce the noise - Include adjustable light function - Can blend in to with work environment - Affordable - Easy to clean - Should consider about electricity issue Competition - New catagory on market Intended Market -The intended market is the product that can create a relatively quite space which can help people can concentrate or easy to communicate with others.

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Design

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Design key elements

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Pop-up space Privacy Noise reduction Flexibility HUB

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First round Ideation sketches Wall

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Ceiling

Booth

Furniture

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First round sketch model

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Interview & feedback

Babara “Pop up space is a good idea that we can hide it when we don’t need it to save the space.”

Charlie “Some ideas that don’t need to damage the building will be better.”

Conclusion After finished first round sketches and sketch models, I found there are three main categories of ideas, wall, ceiling and booth. Pop up space will be the element I want to keep.

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Second round ideation sketches Transform

Multifunctional

Private small talk

Ceiling idea

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Movable

Two way

Adjustable

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Second round ideation sketch model

Try to make the sound panel into a chair by using origami technique.

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Two funnel shape panels create a semi ofen space for small private talk

Chair that can fold up in to a booth.

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Concept One. This mock up is about exploring the shapes, materials and size affect noise and peoples’ feeling in the open area.

I use four big pieces of foam core to create a semi-open space and left it without ceiling.

Foam core

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Feedback - Need something cover on the top to improve the acoustic privacy - It did muffle the sound, but just a little bit.

- I feel claustrophobic when it fully closed.

- The shape should be easy to move and transfer.

Second mockup Base on first mockup, attached egg cartons on wall, and make a ceiling with cartons.

Feedback - It works better than the first one. It reduce the sound from inside to outside.

- The ceiling need to be fully covered.

- Egg carton don’t smell really good.

Egg carton & Recycle paper

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Acoustic Foam

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Feedback

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Acoustic foam make a huge change. It can reduce noise from outside.

The size is not suitable for more than three people.

Enclose space cause claustrophobia to some people.

It needs to consider light source.

Should consider where it will be placed in the coworking space.

Should consider about lighting source.

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Concept Two.

This mockup is made by two piece of acoustic foam. It could be open as a sheet that can hang on the wall.

User can create a semi-open space wherever the want.

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Feedback

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The size could be bigger It will be fun if It can be moved around It really reduce some noise in from the environment The cloak feeling shape is interesting It’s little bit squeeze in it

Conclusion

The first mockup takes to many spaces. It should be lighter and smaller. The second model is too small, and the function about sound proof is weaker than the first one. The next model should find the sweet spot between these two mock up.

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Concept Three.

Pop-up private booth which can hide in the wall

attach

It can hang on the wall as decoration and take down become a semi-open booth.

Users also can use it to create a semi-open space for casual small talk.

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Group

Feedback - It’s feel safe.

- The size is too big.

- It’s difficult to move.

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Concept Four.

A chair have pannel suround you and can pull up to provide privacy.

Feedback - It does reduce some noise.

- It can be more closer, that can give more the feeling of safety.

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Concept Five.

This is a chair that the top will close when you sit down.

Feedback - It’s interesting, but doesn’t look very safe.

- Would like to see the function to cover the face.

- It’s fun, because the top will close when you sit down.

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Conclusion

During making the full-size concept models, the design should consider how the pop-up space open in a limited area.

Otherwise, users need to clear the space to use it.

By laminating different materials can provide more chance to have a better noise reduction function.

How to move the product is also should be considered, because coworking space is an environment that needs to adopt different situation, such as hosting events or member group changing, etc.

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First Round Final Direction Sketches

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Final direction sketch model

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Final direction model

Hanging the Soft materials, try to figure out the shape and the pattern. I added two arms to give it support in order to hold the soft material shape.

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Felt was unable to hold the shape by itself. I added a curve tube structure in the middle to give it some support.

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It needs more layers of material to enhence the noise reduction function.

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Improvement

- Using different materials to improve the noise reduce function.

- Adding the the arm rest.

- Trying laminate different materials and and compare the level of noise reduction.

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Feed Back - There should be more space around head area.

- Noise reduce function should be improved.

- Should consider the arm rest.

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Feedback - Using different materials to improve the noise reduce function.

- Adding the are rest.

- Should consider the light source.

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Conclusion Laminate the material can enhance the noise reduction function. The way how to hold the shape should be reconsidered because the weight of materials makes a drape shape. It needs some frames to support to make the round surface booth.

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Second round final direction sketches

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Second round full scale model Using the bending tube to find and testing the shape.

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This is the final idea of the mechanisms structure.

I tested the how foam will follow the frame with foam. It still needs more support frame to make the round surface shape.

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During the user testing, I found out that turning table out will hit users leg when they want to change to other side. So I changed the table design form out side table to hidden table.

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This is the Final structure frame before upholstery.

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Upholstery process

When you work on fabric, it is hard to predict how does it going to shape. Therefore I work with an upholstery and figure out how the fabric will be affected by the motion when the booth opens.

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FINAL DESIGN

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3D model

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Openable Booth

Power plug

Retractable power extension core

Wheels 142

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Hidden table

Hidden table

Retractable power extension core

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User Scenario

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Orthographic

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Part List & Cost

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Bibliography

https://hbr.org/2015/05/why-people-thrive-in-coworking-spaces http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2712217 http://coworkingmap.org/stats/ http://www.deskmag.com/en/first-results-of-the-new-global-coworkingsurvey-2015-16 http://www.deskmag.com/en/2016-forecast-global-coworking-survey-results http://www.hermanmiller.com/research/research-summaries/generations-at-work.html http://theworkspacetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Knoll_Work_ Trend_01192016.pdf http://officeslicecoworking.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/GCUC2015-Coworking-by-the-Numbers.compressed-1.pdf https://communityjelly.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/3rdglobalcoworkingsurvey-121108034918-phpapp02.pdf http://blog.pgi.com/2013/07/what-kind-of-people-work-in-coworkingspaces/ http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/co-working 150

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http://mobileoffice.about.com/od/glossary/g/coworking.htm https://www.usgs.gov/humancapital/ecd/mentoringreadinglist/WP_GenerationalDifferences.pdf http://www.gensler.com/uploads/document/337/file/2013_US_Workplace_ Survey_07_15_2013.pdf https://kailasmithemsociallanguagedigitalmedia.wordpress. com/2012/11/08/difference-between-public-and-private-space/http:// www2.pacific.edu/sis/culture/pub/1..5.2_-_Public_and_Private_.htm https://hbr.org/2013/11/research-cubicles-are-the-absolute-worst http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494413000340

https://www.statista.com/search/?statistics=1&q=flexible+workspace+&itemsPerPage=25&accuracy=or&language=0&sortMethod=idrelevance&archive=1&p=3 http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/office-technology http://wiki.coworking.org/w/page/16583831/FrontPage http://www.kda.com.tw/knowledge_view.php?item=7 http://www.build.com.au/reflection-diffusion-and-absorption-sound Evaletion on the Manufacturin Techique and Properties of the Industrial Sound Absorbtion/Termal Insultion Flame Retarant Compound Plank

http://coworkinghandbook.com/stats/ http://www.interaction.uk.com/insight/co-working-spaces-is-this-the-endof-the-traditional-office/ http://www.acousticalsurfaces.com/ http://www.gensler.com/research-insight/workplace-surveys http://gcuc.co/ https://library.ndsu.edu/repository/handle/10365/25636

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About me

Edward is a Taiwan-born, San Francisco based industrial designer. ​ e is passionate about finding the right balance H between whimsy and reality. He loves playful ideas that can bring people together and add enjoyment to their day.

Currently, he is a graduate student at Academy of Art University. He obtained a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and computer-aided engineering at Feng-Cha University in 2012.

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Meng-Yu (Edward) Liu Industrial designer edwardliu0205@gmail.com edwardliudesign.com

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