LI YAN Portfolio
2021
Apply for Master in Landscape Architecture at Universit y of Edinburgh
EDUCATION 2017.8 -2021.6 +Pennsylvania State University | University Park, PA Landscape Architecture, Bachelor, GPA 3.33/4.0 WORKSHOP & RESEARCH 2020.2
+ Landscape Materiality: 3X3 Documentation | Directed by Lisa Durussel & Marc Miller Iteration and investigation through material fabrication Highest score Material performance through iterative design process
2020.12
+ Ecofeminism as A New Way of Thinking| Instructor: Lauren Sosa Ecofeminism research in landscape architecture
2020.4
+ Children Development | Instructor: Bonj Szczygiel Outdoor playground environmental research EXPERIENCE
2019.5-7
+ Atkins | Shenzhen, China Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning Intern Assisted in: Created multiple strategies, calculated building density on urban planning and conceptual riverfront & cityscape landscape design; Project: Cedar Guangzhou Huangpu Hongshengsha, Guangzhou Collect & analysis city standards and guidelines, site analysis diagram, and graphic presentation for conference Beihai cruise port project
2018.7-8
+ Senhe Group Co.,Ltd | Hangzhou, China Landscape Architecture Intern Assisted in: 27770 ft² flower tapestry and modeling 3D flower theme arch Project: The 18th China Zhongyuan flower exposition, reported by CCTV news Slop planting and plants selection in city entrance design + Hangzhou Kelong Electrical Appliance Tool Co., Ltd | Hangzhou, China Project Manager: Setup project manage team Leader of two assembly line, control and keep task on track
2017.5-8
EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES 2020
+College of A&A Student Council Aid in the artistic and creative pursuits
2020
+Pittsburgh Studio: Hazelwood Community Engagement & Stakeholder Charrette Investigate residents’ needs, site research
2019
+Landscape Architecture Student Society Raise awareness about the profession through events such as parking day
2019
+World Conversation Dialogue Moderator To support & manage dialogues that allow people to “think together” across borders
2019
+Sirius Music Club
Personal Statement (Summary) Focus Interests/vision I explored the vision of the future landscape and addressed urban landscape transformation, which uses affordable, accessible, and sustainable energy to drive development to reduce resource demand and environmental impacts. My project ‘Into the cooling’ was a successful design that used wind tower and rainwater to create a cooling microclimate that requires zero energy in the urban area. The future urban landscape calls for newer infrastructure that can create landscape spaces with economic, social values, especially in environmental, and meet local communities’ needs as more infill developments. Meanwhile, the urban landscape focuses on creating an integrated infrastructure that can coexist in a system and provide residents with various benefits in the future. Previous experiences have strengthened my belief in landscape architecture’s magic power and affirmed my passion for it. I have achieved internal discovery from my previous study. I am looking forward to acquiring the external discovery, contexture my projects on a global scale, and pursuing landscape idea in the innovative sustainable realm through a higher education level. I am drawn to the University of Edinburgh because of its philosophy that design influences society aligns perfectly with my own beliefs and values. The open and free academic atmosphere at the University of
Edinburgh does not just nurture interdisciplinary programs, diverse thinking, and creative students, but also cultivates new forms of knowledge. An important milestone on my path to realization is becoming a leader in landscape architecture, wresting from the traditional and encourage enlightenment in the world. I wish to balance the relationships between the built and the live environment, with the research and considering of the economic, social, political, and cultural in my future landscape architecture projects. I am prepared to welcome new challenges, embrace the experimental spirit, and explore the future landscape of innovative sustainable design. I will keep my original intention to keep curiosity and thinking through further exploration and eventually find my spot in the panorama of the landscape architecture industry. Upon graduation, with the study from the University of Edinburgh, I am sure I will have the knowledge, skills, and experiences necessary to passion with urban design to help human, society, and nature solve more conflicts and issues.
+International Fitness Club
SKILLS Adobe Suite, Lumion, V-ray, Grasshopper, Sketchup, Rhinoceros, Autocad, Twin Motion, ArcGIS MS Office, Hand Drafting/Modeling 01 •
• 02
00 Table of Contents
Urban Heat Mitigation 01. Play in Cool
|
Baltimore, Maryland
05
Forest Conservation 02. Take Off
|
Magombero nature reserve, Tanzania
17
Riverfront Recreation 03. Bartram’s Backyard | Philadelphia , Pennsylvania
31
Thermal Pollution Reduction 04. Flowing Water | Location: Myanmar Date: Aug 2019
State College, Pennsylvania
41
Other Works 05. Drawing and Photography | China, Myanmar, The United States
51
“The best way to predict the future is to invent it” - Alan Kay
03 •
• 04
01 Play in Cool
An outdoor park that provides cooling for children to play, Baltimore MD Fall 2019 Individual Project Instructors: Marc Miller, Travis L Flohr
Urban heat island is a serious and growing threat to public health, and the warming climate only increases the problem. Baltimore’s urban area is covered with a high rate of impervious surface and fewer canopy trees, which raised the surface temperature, especially in the region with a high density of the imperious surface. Hot climate brings higher levels of pollutants into the air and triggers asthma symptoms, particularly in the children’s group. My design aims to give back the outdoor playground to the neighborhood children by creating an exterior space where a region with a poorly built environment for high heat and a high asthma disease density. My design intent is to create a park that functions as an outdoor cooling space for children. So, children can play in a clean and pleasant outdoor environment during a hot summer day. To materialize the climatic condition, the project is invented by a catalog of climatic devices, both natural and artificial. They function cooling and depolluting. These devices are classified into four elements: shade, water, wind, and depolluting. A healthy outdoor gathering space plays an influential role in enhancing big metropolitan cities’ well-being and health. It is an outdoor area where you can have a good time from the excessive heat; where you can relax from pollution and noise; where you can have fun in the open air with children.
05 •
• 06
Problem - urban heat island triggers asthma 9.4% US
8.6% US
37,6650 Asthma cases in Baltimore
=
12.4%
Proposed Greenway to School and Neighborhood
+
Adult cases
20% Children cases
10.5
$3,266
Missed days of school because of asthma
Cost of asthma
Analysis Focus - area which lack of environment for the heat of groups with more severe asthma problem, high poverty rate, high children rate Environment
Focus group
Location seeking
Highest temp in the city (95 -103°F)
Asthma hospitalization (4.0%-5.7%)
Suitable Area
Site selection
3 Suitable Parcels
50%
40%
Site Analysis Land Use Impervious Surface (>45% coverage)
30%
Canopy Cover (<35% coverage)
Lack of Environment for High Heat
Selected Site:
Vacant lot adjacent highland town elementary/middle school
Site Condition Residential Industry
School Commercial
Circulation 15%
Area Without Park
5%
07 •
Summer Sun (July)
Vacant Lots
30%
Age 3-17 (15% population)
Wind Direction (July)
Summer Wind
Street Scape
July Sun Path
Shade Analysis-10am, 12am, 2pm, 4pm and 6pm (July)
20%
Low House Income ($25,000-30,000)
10%
Bike Path Expose to Sun
No Canopy
No Attraction
Blocked
Worker Path
Two Way Road
Canopy Cover No Canopy Cover
• 08
Problem to Solution
Heat Transfer
Wind tower
Wind
Convection
28°C
35°C
Water cycling wind tower
Paved surfaces
Paving Form
37°C
37°C
37°C Breeze sitting
Lack of vegetation cover
Interactive fountain
Water
Heat
Breeze pool
Conduction
Summer sunlight
Urban heat island
Shade
Cooled De-polluted Enjoyable
Mist cooling mount
Conduction:
Loss heat by evaporation of water
Cooling Park Plan
Heat transfer from the hot skin to cooler air through direct contact
Convection:
Atom movement when its hot
Breeze facilitates convective heat loss from the skin
Ultrasonic speakers Stimulating nature sound
City noises Heat triggered chemical
Photocatalytic coating
Mosquito
De-polluting vegetation
Pollutants
De-polluting
Paving
10‘
Little Leaf Linden tree plaza
Heat-generating human actives
Architecture style
Evaporation:
Vegetation Fence
Breeze canopy Lighting Open lawn
Mount Wind Tower b
Rotating sit
Mist Cooling System
Parents amphitheater sitting Guardian amphitheater sitting
2.5’ Tree Pit Rotate Sitting 1-1.5’ Depth Pool Wind Tower a
Cooled Section a-a’
a’
a
Warm wind 10‘
Warm wind turn cool wind
Multi-functional canopy tents
1’ Depth pool
Off-site Building
b’
Dark Stone Steps Stepping Stone Multi-functional Canopy Tents Interactive Fountain Amphitheater Sitting Interactive Fountain Tree Plaza Stone Sitting
Stepping stone
Water collected from rain
Cool air
Spreading Board
50’
Ultrasound Speaker
10 ’
Bicycle Parking Concrete Paver White Permeable Paver Wind Tower a
Breeze Sitting Area
Tree Plaza
Breeze Pool
Lawn
b Section b-b’
10‘
Stone sitting Off-site building
Site Diagram
Raised mount
Circulation
Tree
Vegetation
View
Sound
Multiple entrances for different groups of people.
90% area is covered with fast growth and depolluting trees
60% area is covered with lawn and depolluting plants
50’ wind tower is visible to observe from far away
Stimulating nature sound that attracts neighbors.
50’
10 ’
Spreading board
Pedestrian
09 •
Two Way Road
Pedestrian Wind Tower b
Breeze Sitting Area
Tree Plaza
• 10
Heat 94 °F
84 °F Breeze
Tree Cover
Collects clean air from 50 feet air, through the wind tower, and give breeze to the ground.
7
8 Breeze Sitting
Deflection Wind Flow
9
22
Mist Cooling System
Produce fine droplets lowering the ambient temperature around the misted area
Mist Cooling Mount
Microclimate -Breeze sitting 6
H2O pump
Tree cover creating shadowed spaces
Plan
High Thermal Inertia Material
The ability of materials to store heat and give it off slowly, maintains a relatively fixed and comfortable temperature throughout the hot day
Material & Function Rotating Sit
Section
8’2” 2’0”
Bench
10
1’6” 11
Little Leaf Linden tree plaza Wind tower
12
Breeze canopy Mist cooling mount
13
17
Hollow Bench
+ Mount
Guardian Amphitheater Sitting
Interactive fountain Breeze pool ice rink
14 16
Depollted material
Canopy & Pool Breeze Sitting
”
6 24’
Dpollted plants
Littleleaf Linden Tree Plaza
Ulture sonic Sitting
Key Characteristic (Littleleaf Linden)
Growth Rate - in 5 years -13-24” per year
Mar Apr
Jan
Dec
Jun
12
July
Nov
9 Sep
11 •
Guardian Amphitheater Sitting
Mist Cooling Mount
Aug
14’4”
Highly tolerant of urban pollution. Leaves are edible throughout spring, summer and fall
May
Oct
1 1’4” 8’ 6’
3
Feb
3’
6
Year 1
High Thermal Inertia Material
Education: Inspiration for many Polish legends and local medicines to relieve cough and heart problems. Medium size: permits using it on sites with limited space (Urban) Smell: blend of honey and lemon peel; Stimulating smell to attract kids into the park on a summer day.
Open Lawn
Year 3
Year 5
Local reclaimed wood Comfortable to sit; Easy to replace; High thermal inertia. Aluminum Lightweights; Cool touch; Higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel.
• 12
Pollution
Polluted
Less polluted
VOCs CO
CO2
CO C8H10
NOx CO2
C7H8
Stimulating Nature Sound
The sound of the city is emitted, stimulating water sound to neutralize the noise.
SO2
De-polluting Plants
TiO2 Photocatalytic Coating
Capture dust and pollution in the air
Shrub
Mosquito-free environment
7
Material - canopy tents
Key Species Wall Plant
Ultrasonic Speakers
The breeze canopy made of photocatalytic material which absorbs light to occur chemical reaction to decomposes several particles in the of the pollution in the air, meanwhile, provide shade and cooling (hydrologic cycle)
Canopy Placement - >70-85% 8
6
44’
Tree Cover
coverage on the hottest summer days 9
22
10
21
(Baltimore UTC-5 hours) 20
20’
2:00PM
11 12:00PM
1’
Common Ivy Hedera helix
Lady’s Mantles Alchemilla
Spider Plant Chlorophytum comosum
Devilwood Osmanthus
Wallflower Erysimum
European Hackberry Norway Maple Celtis australis Acer platanoides
Littleleaf Linden Tilia cordata
Turkey Oak Quercus laevis
19
Breeze canopy
June 18
Rebar Inner Structure
55’ 1’ Removable
Little Leaf Linden tree plaza Wind tower
12
Canopy tent
Mist cooling mount
13
17
Interactive fountain Breeze pool ice rink
14 16
stepping stone
Depollted material
July
Dpollted plants
Concrete
2’
Ulture sonic Sitting
White Stone Solid Polymer Sheet -Non-slip
TiO2 Photocatalytic Coating -Antimicrobial effect -Self cleaning -Long-life (>3 years)
Multi-purpose - scenarios of breeze pool
3
August
Breeze Pool Program
12
6
9
Cooling
Ice Rink
13 •
Gathering
Market
Exhibiting
Eating & Relaxing
3:00PM
Cooling
Ice Rink
Gathering
Market
Exhibiting
Eating
Gaming
Event
Gaming
Event
Winter
Spring
Fall
Summer Pool gathering Exhibting Gaming Ice rink Market Eating Event
• 14
16
16
161616
Depollted material Depollted Depollted Depollted material Depollted material material material Dpollted plants Dpollted Dpollted plants Dpollted Dpollted plants plants plants Ulture sonic Ulture sonic Ulture Ulture Ulture sonic sonic sonic A Cool Summer Park for a Hot City Day Sitting Sitting Sitting Sitting Sitting
3
3
I’m from a couple of blocks away; the tower is standing out from my window. And...Here I am.
3 33
I’m a student from Highland-town school. I just heard our science project exhibition location holds under the Breeze Canopy in the new cooling park. And there will be a lot of visitors from the street!
I’m a biker; I always stop here to rest and enjoy the cool breeze during a hot summer day.
7 8
6
9
22
10
21
20
11
12 12
12
19
121212
Little Leaf Linden tree plaza Wind tower
6
Breeze canopy 18
6 66
Mist cooling mount
13
17
6
Interactive fountain Breeze pool ice rink
14 16
I’m a worker; the cooling park is my everyday stop for lunch.
Depollted material I’m a resident nearby; After plant these trees, the street is much cooler than before! More people would like to go out on a hot summer day!
Dpollted plants Ulture sonic Sitting
Interactive Fountain Device
9
3
7
5 6
4
12
1 3 2
9
9 99
1
Rain water is collected in to water tank
2
Water tank
3
Water is pumped into the Pressure charging system
4
Pressure charging system
5
Pressure on non-slip bounce step
6
Pressure both side to trigger the switch
7
Water releasing
I’m a fan of the mist cooling system; It’s 95 degrees outside, but right here, it feels like 20 degrees lower because of the tree covers, breeze, and mist cooling. Do you know the mist system can decrease dust levels that come along with the summer months?
I’m a student from Highland-town school. I enjoy having a pool just 400 feet beside my school! Now I can come here to wait for my parents to pick me up after school. And do you know this pool can turn into an ice rink in the winter! I’m a father; When I take my kids here to play on a hot day, I will sit here, read a book, and enjoy the breeze.
6
I’m a father; I like to have fun with my kid on this rotating bench. Simultaneously, I can do exercise after a long day!
Seasonal Rhythm - facilities function and using group 9
Mar Winter
Spring
Dec
Functions
June
Tree Plaza
Breeze Pool
Wind Tower
De-polluting Structure
Breeze Canopy
De-polluting Plant
Mist Cooling Mount
Ultrasonic Speaker
Interactive Fountain
Sitting
Group Summer
Fall Sept
15 •
Kids
Pool
Neighbor gathering Exhibting Gaming Ice rink Market Eating Event
Worker
Family
Bicycler
I’m a resident nearby; the smell of honey and lemon peel reminds me of this park every time! It must be these lovely trees!
Pool PoolPool Pool Pool gathering gathering gathering gathering gathering Exhibting Exhibting Exhibting Exhibting Exhibting Gaming Gaming Gaming Gaming Gaming Ice rink Ice rink Ice Ice Ice rink rink rink Market Market Market Market Market Eating Eating Eating Eating Eating EventEventEvent Event Event
I’m a mother; I feel much more comfortable to sit at the right angle to watch my kids play on those mounts!
I’m a student from Highland-town school. I love to play with these interactive fountains. It requires two people to step on the device to trigger the system and release the water. I made a couple of friends by collaborating with them on this device!
• 16
02 Take Off
A Canopy walkway to educate and raise people’s awareness of the importance of natural reserve, Magombera Nature Reserve, Tanzania Fall 2020 Individual Project Instructors: Larry Gorenflo The Magombera Nature Reserve was created to preserve the unique lowland forest in central Tanzania and sustain the nexus between two prominent national parks. There is a swelling population of communities residing in villages alongside Magombera Forest Reserve. Most people in the surrounding villages are a substantial proportion of migrants, who were drawn to the region by the rich lowland soil and agricultural opportunity. Social and economic aspects of life are both reliant on natural resources and are market-driven. Villagers perceive their neighboring natural environment as being a source of tangible capital. The level of immediate dependency on communities’ environment from all of the neighboring villages is profoundly notable. There is a significant demand for widespread environmental awareness so that people are more aware of their impacts on the surrounding land, especially being next to such an important ecological area.
A canopy walkway takes people up to 20 meters that focus on various species in different elevations. The birds’ flighting patterns inspired me; I integrate six flighting patterns into the walkway; each has unique experiences and activities for different groups that tell the story of the local fauna and forest qualities. My goal is to use forest resources to raise people’s awareness of the importance of natural reserves. Meanwhile, increase job opportunities and wage-earning and improve the economy for the widespread poverty in this region.
Moreover, the Magombera Nature Reserve is home to many rare and endemic species. However, there is currently no infrastructure within the forest to allow humans to interact with the species there safely. The lack of tourism in the area and the need for more economic opportunities allow for a forest design opportunity. How can we execute tourism properly without disturbing the organisms’ habits to reach a high tourist flow to stimulate the economy?
17 •
• 18
Unbalanced Ecosystem - deforestation influence local community and ecology longterm benefits
Village Seasonal Income Concern Month/ season
J
Income generating activities
Agriculture, Small business (Local brew, Kiosks Labors Livestock keeping)
F
M
A
Income -Bad Months
Low incomes, supplies running out, farm work increase
Income - Good Months Expenditure - High
M
J
J
A
Livestock keeping, labor trading forest product-timber, firewood, small business.
O
N
D
Livestock keeping, farming small business
Supplies low
Good income is available from farming, fishing and small business Increased living costs
Living costs
Disappeared Forest
Expenditure - Low
Reduced living costs
Seasonal opportunities
Good period for rains and farming season, small business, piecemeal, labor The buyers come to the village to buy crops
Market - good months Market - bad months
S
Market is bad all year; buyers decide to buy crops at the price the price they wish too. They buy crops at a low price during harvest and sell at higher prices in bad months.
Biodiversity Hotspot
SITE
31% Endemic species of indigenous plants 2350
Biodiversity hotspot
20% Endemic indigenous mammals 100
MAGOMBERA NATURE NATURE RESERVE RESERVE MAGOMBERA
7.7% Endemic species of indigenous birds 100
KILOMBERO VILLAGE
Deforestation Concern
Income Difficulty 1.2M
100
Tourism Opportunity 200M
730% growth rate of 945,000 visitors 1,095,000
80
1M Tourism is 47% of economy in Tanzania
ac
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$615M
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284% growth rate of $1.13B
19 •
20
• 20
Site Condition - opportunities for tourism
Canopy Walkway - provides tourism benefits but also defined a new forest boundary, not easy to dismantle. MAGOMBERA NATURE RESERVE Depletion of natural resources 60% forest decrease in 51 years
Topography
Slope
Hill shade
(14 Village sur)
Elevation increase on the forest edge Elevation relative gentle in the forest
Difficult for construction Opportunities for interesting view and vista
Hilly topography
Extremely Poverty
Neighborhood
Views
+Accessible by two major roads -Sound
+Accessible to surrounding communities +Tourism can create jobs for local residents
+North view: Large agriculture land +South view: Crop land +East view: Forest wetland +West view: Udzungwa National Park & Village view
Key Local Species
Forest floor
14 village = 80.63 m3 deadwood/week
73% domestic energy needs
Deadwood
Charcoal
Settlements
Agriculture
Sugar Plantation
9 villages
45% household owned
Increased 8300 acres from 2000 to 2005
Disturb the nutrient cycling
x
x
Rely on Natural Resources Ecological destruction
Lack of Awareness
Not evaluated
Biodiversity Hot spot
Ecotourism
How can we protect Magombera Nature Reserve but also make it more accessible to the public?
Opportunities
Small mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians.
Cross Cultural Respect
CANOPY WALKWAY
Tourism Sector (restaurant...)
$
Indirect Impacts
Environmental Education
Tourist Spending
Direct impacts
Seeds, berries, fruit, insects, larvae
Insects, larvae, invertebrates
Surrounding Villages
$ for New Energy to Replace Timber Fuel
WWF Tanzania Program Office.
Other Sector (food, souvenirs Prod.)
$
Wage (household)
Economic Social Benefits
Seeds, berries, fruit
Small mammals, insects, larvae, invertebrates
21 â&#x20AC;˘
Cutting
Picking
Bird species Near threatened Least concern
Tree (Removal)
Massive Deforestation
Problem Solving
Understory (<10m)
Vulnerable
Timber (fuel)
tc.)
t, e
$
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Monitoring
Canopy (10-25m)
Forest edge species
Emergent (25-35m)
Endangered
Problem Seeking
Circulation
Magombero NR Species Complexity in Height
Unrestricted Land Use
TSh 490,237/year HHI *approx. $1 USD/day
rsa t
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$
Raised Awareness for Environmental Protection as Indigenous
Magombera Nature Reserve
Raised Awareness Limited Forest Floor Access Longterm Conservation Goal
â&#x20AC;˘ 22
360° 360°
Concept - flighting patterns
Site Context
！100
Phases
Meter
Master Plan
360°
360°
100
Meter
Zoom In Plan
10
Meter
°063
Phase I
Length: 272m Est teak wood plank:1904
-The walkway is situated in the preserved forest.
Thermal Take off (Welcome Walkway):
Raptors take advantage of rising air to increases their altitude without flapping their wings.
360°
360°
°063
Length: 382m Est teak wood plank: 770
Flapping Flight (Bird Educate)
Infrastructure
b
Main road Railroad
When birds are flapping their wings, allowing themselves to maintain height or climb, this method includes down-stroke and up-stroke stages. I’m visualizing the up-stroke in this project.
Branch road
b’
Proposed road
Features Welcome walkway
Small birds often fly long distances using a technique in which short bursts of flapping are alternated with intervals in which the wings are folded against the body.
Elevated walkway Curvy walkway Research platform
Birding walkway Sitting Descend walkway
Seven features and activities in the project, each has unique experiences and activities for different groups that tell the story of the local fauna and forest qualities.
Gliding Flight (Curvy Path )
Gliding flight is when bird against the wind to descend or maintain without flapping their wings. Their path will become curvy because of the uneven wind.
Phase III
Proposed Visitor center building
-The proposed road is along the forest edges to avoid the disturbance of the cropland. Visitors will need to go through the proposed visitor center to get on the canopy walkway.
Bounding Flight (Elevated Walkway)
Length: 566m Est teak wood plank:1288
c’ c
360°
Icon: feature and activities 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360° 360°
360° Observation Deck ADA Accessible
°063
°063 360°
Overlook Instagram Hashtag Spot Research Stair Sitting
Contour XXX
Elevation
-The majority of the walkway is placed on gentle slop for easy construction.
Lunch Spot
360°
Research Platform Binocular Viewer Birding Spot
Thermal Soaring (Birding Walkway)
Raptors take advantage of rising air to maintain their altitude without flapping their wings.
Birds decrease their altitude and prepare to land.
23 •
a’
360°
360°
Bird Habitat Area
Organism Density Low EL
Descending Flight (Descend Walkway)
360° 360°
360°
Phase II
High EL
-The route passes through various habitat areas in the forest. Blue represents the lowland area, and the site is more moisture, which has a high density of organisms and different habitat from other parts of the walkway.
Pram Safe Bird Education 360°
Intersection Ramp
a
Proposed Visitor Center
• 24
Spatial Relationship Welcome Walkway a-a’
10
Birding Walkway b-b’
Meter
ove
y wa
b ma
)
es for
(10
)
und
nd
ou t gr
Intersection c-c’
Meter
ove
b ma
ro st g
Meter
ing
y
wa
0 y (2
alk yW
rv
Cu
High chance of seeing monkey species
y
wa
Sitt
e for
wa
lk Wa
lk Wa
10
The section shows the intersection of the descending walkway and walkway at 10 meters.
The section shows the birding walkway area; the structure is 10 meters in height, which takes visitors from 10 meters to 20 meters elevation.
The section shows the welcome walkway area; the structure is 15 meters in height. As people going up the ramp, they will experience a different view from each elevation.
Walkway Prototypes
10
Curvy walkway to avoid large tree in the forest
The long curvy bench provides a capacity of eight-person
e
vat
Ele
alk dW
Elevation change at 10 meters walkway
Walkway ground timber turns from gray to reddish color at 20m to attracting monkey surrounding
te uca
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t
Pla
y
wa
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m
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wa
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in Bird
e Res
The platform provides researcher an easy way into the forest
Learning bird species in an artistic way
High chance of seeing forest edge species
High chance of seeing variety bird species
Variety view and species at a different level
25 •
• 26
Structure Details Process One structure is created with 22 teak wood plank sets; 1 one set is combined with two planks, one shorter than the other, 2 creating a feather-like shape, and 3 by rotating one set 2 degrees in left and 2 degrees up with increase rate (X° +100%) 4 ten times, then 5 11 on each side to create a spread wing-like shape.
x10 (X°+100%)
5.0m 2°
4.2m
2°
1
2
3
4
Three Dimension View Axonometric
Bird Educate Details Inspiration
Top
4.3m
Extraction
The upstroke stage of flapping flight creates an abstract structure that mimics when birds are flapping their wings.
Weathering Iron Sign
5
5
The structure is painted with colors extracted from one specific bird. Ten bird education structures in the project will present the most recognizable bird species in the Magombero Nature Reserve.
11.4m
Side
Front
Back 3.2m
Centimeter
An iron sign is placed on the walkway to educate people about its look, name, and Conservation Status. A total of 49 bird signs are throughout the entire walkway, record the bird that has appeared in the forest.
20cm 1
Meter
8cm
Replaceable Joint
A sign at every transition to tell the current elevation.
27 •
>8 days in wet season >20 days in dry season
• 28
Birding Distance Reduction AD: Alert distance FID: Flight initiation distance
Birding Walkway Detail Key Species - bird friendly plants around & within the structure AD: (>8 m) FID: (>15m)
Birding Walkway qnt
10
Meter
Upper Storey (35 m)
No cover Aridan Tetrapleura tetraptera
African Locust Bean Parkia filicoidea
Isoberlinia scheffleri
Ordeal Tree Erythrophleum suaveolens
Velvet tamarind Dialium holtzii
forest fever tree Anthocleista grandiflora
Lap: 1 Slope: 5.1% Area: 2826 m²
Second/Lower Storeys (10 - 25 m)
AD: (>4 m) FID: (>8m)
Arabian Coffee Coffea spathicalyx
Craterispermum schweinfurthii
Red Ironwood Ochna holstii
False White Ash Pseudobersama mossambicensis
Sorindeia madagascariensis
Black Plum Vitex doniana
Shrub Layer (<10 m)
60m
With camouflage cover 10m
Allophylus pervillei
Walkway Side-cut Section Detail
1
Walkway Front-cut Section Detail
Meter
1
Meter
Supporting Pole Underground Detail
1
Forest Peach Rawsonia lucida
Hairy-leaved Violet-bush Rinorea ferruginea
0m
Meter
2.0m
Weathering steel handle Bamboo baluster Railing hole Baluster steel joint 0.06m thick teak wood plank
Weathering steel handle Safety rope rail Bamboo baluster
0.3m thick steel pole Forest ground 1.0m Concrete foundation
0.30m
0.3m thick steel pole 0.3m
10
Meter
Concrete filled 0.3m thick steel pole
1.25m
Steel pole branch
0.3m think steel pole
Welcome Walkway qnt
Local material
Underground soil
Safety steel block 0.05m thick steel support
0.05 thick steel support 0.015m radius bolt
Walkway Construction Material & Construction
1.0m concrete footer 0.3m gravel base
0.25m
Steel handle
0.3m 1.0m
Lap: 3 Slope: 6.2%
Bamboo baluster 2
Teak wood plank 15m 20m 25m
Supporting structure
360° Observation deck
3
The 360-degree observation deck allows visitors to obtain different habitat experiences from every standpoint that varies in height and position.
1
Safety rope rail
15.0m
13.75m
11.5m 8.75m 6.5m
Steel pole support
3.75m 1.5cm
0m
Joint Detail 1
Lower Baluster Joint
2
Upper Baluster Joint
3
Major Supporting Structure
Maximizing top deck footprint
The top lap is wider to increase the 360-degree observation deck area to allow more footprint.
Increasing contact
29 •
The curvature of the walkway allows surrounding trees to grow closer to the spiraling path.
• 30
03 Bartram’s Backyard
A Healthy and educational environment for children to enjoy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Fall 2018 Individual Project Instructors: Lisa DuRussel, Neil Korostoff, Alec Spangler
Bartram’s backyard is located downstream of the center city, next door to Bartram’s Garden. It is surrounding by a lack of environment + resources, However, the site was an ideal location for a park in the surrounding neighborhood and school. My design intents to provide a healthy lifestyle, physical activity. Moreover, the park enhances the community interaction. It serves as an extension of the learning environment to children that promote creative play, social skills, and educational planting.
31 •
• 32
Area Development Bartram’s Backyard Site
Existing Condition
56th Street Corridor
Runoff/Flooding
Community
Bike Path
-Residential area surrounding
-Damaged bike line -No attraction to the site -Opportunities to draw biker to the Bartram’s mile
Bartram’s Mile (Walkway)
+
-Opportunities to draw people into the site
Sankofa’s Community Farm
-Opportunities to create programs related to the community farm for children
High Tide
-Tide range: 0.34ft-7.09ft -4 times a day -Cause soil erosion
Proposed Development
-Average slope: 6.25% -Runoff carry pollutant into river
-Safe -Connected -Educational Buffer / Runoff Visualization
Attraction
Connect Bike Path
Connect Walkway
Programmatic Concept
Planting Program
Balance between Facility Organization Active Use
Fundamental
Marsh
Recreational
Educational
Planting Use
Nature/Safety Use
Experiential Toddler (1-3 years)
Bartram’s Backyard
sedan access
bus access
amphitheater classroom
historical stream bed
irrigation entry plaza (Planting)
open lawn space
marsh
sensory garden (Planting)
Preschool (3-5 years) parking
musical path
drop off
front door stone sitting
marsh
33 •
natural space
sunken playground
bus stop terrace sitting
meadow sitting
bridge vegetation mount
sunken basketball field
alameda
meadow path (Planting)
sensory flower terrace (Planting)
School-Age (6-12 years)
bridge vegetation mount (Planting)
• 34
Master Plan Surrounding
Bartram’s Backyard
1
New marsh Bartram’s mile plaza
16
Woodland academy building
17 18
Sunken playground Nature space
4
Mussel hatch (Proposed) Bartram’s garden
5
Sankofa Community Farm
20
Historical stream bed Irrigation entry plaza
2
10
3
Eastwick Ave
c
a’
19
6
Marsh
21
Sensory garden
7
Bartram’s mile (Proposed)
22
Bridge vegetation mount
8
Tidal lap (Proposed)
23
9
CXS Railroad
24
Marsh Marsh entry
10
New 56th street corridor
25
Marsh path
11
New woodland
26
Open lawn space
12
New boardwalk
27
Flower terrace
13
New amphitheater
28
Plant terrace
14
New bike path
29
Musical plaza
56th street
a
56th Street Corridor Development Railroad Underway Condition a-a’ 10’
9
Drop-off
31
Parking lot Stream outlet Stone sitting
33
Playground platform
Lawn
30
20
PED
24’
12’
Marsh
Lawn
Bike parking
Bike lane 10’
10’
Two-way road
PED
Lawn
24’
12’
6’
Bartram’s mile 10’
3’
Corridor Plant Use
21
22 11
56th street
29
16 27
Two-way road
3’
3
28
Bike lane 10’
Dry stream
32 33
Dry stream
31
30
End of the 56th Street b-b’
4 33
24
19
14
26
5
17
25
Slope Plants
Canopy Tree
33
18
Wall Plants
American Elm
Japanese Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis)
Eastern Gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides )
Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)
Red Maple
Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis)
Cherokee Sedge (Carex cherokeensis )
Winter Jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum)
False Goat’s Beard (Astilbe)
Starrush Whitetop (Rhynchospora colorata )
Ulmus americana
23
Swale Plants
Acer rubrum 6
56th street
b
12
b’
7
Bartram’s Backyard Overall Site Content c-c’
13
100’
1
2
c’
Schuylkill River
8
Bartram’s mile Plaza
Amphitheater Tidal Wetland
Nature space
Playground
Woodland Academy Plaza
Parking Lot
CSX rail road
100’
35 •
• 36
Rhythm of Programs
Enlargement of Bartram’s Backyard 8
Mar
d
1
11 Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation
2
2 Preformance Performance 3 Family gathering Family gathering 4 Open space space Open 5 Photo hotsopt Photo hotsopt 6 Event Event 7 Planting program Planting program 8 Wildlife habitathabitat Wildlife 9 Playground Playground 10 Outdoor sitting sitting Outdoor 11 Agricultural Landscape Agricultural Landscape
3 4 5 6 8
7 8
8
9 10
8
7
8 11
11
13
12 Restorative landscape Restorative landscape 13 Alameda Alameda
14
14 Water performance Water performance
15 16
15 Outdoor classroom Outdoor classroom 16 Stormwater management Stormwater management
17
17 Indoor classroom Indoor classroom
18 19
18 Game Game 19 Sports field field Sports
20
20 Toilet Toilet
12
7
4
16 17 20
8
6
10
9
10 12
1
16
7
9
Mar
Summer Summer
April May April May
Jun Jun
July July
Aug Aug
Sept Sep
Oct Oct
Frequency
Daily
Winter Winter
Fall Fall Nov Nov
Dec Dec
Jan Jan
Feb Feb Fab
Daily
Occasion
Occasion
Play with Topography e-e’
9 11 12
Railing
8
14 7
7 11 14 15 18
Seasonal (Using/function time)
Spring Spring
Programs
12 18 10 Slope handle
10 16
4
6 19
4 10
e 7
8
9
11
e’ 10’
13
18
18 19
Concrete playground plaza
13 Turf
Dry stream bed
Rough concrete slope
Soft wood chip
Rubber court tile flooring
20’
d’
Bartram’s Backyard - material & spatial relationship d-d’
37 •
Restorative Landscape - bridge walkway
• 38
Irrigation Container
Agricultural Education - irrigation plaza
Permeable Paving - collecting the Agriculture Plants
Rocky Ground - filtrate large sediment and collecting the rainwater into the ditch
Drip Pipe
Archimedes’ screw - water is pumped
rainwater into the ditch
Sitting Stone
by turning a screw-shaped surface inside a pipe. Transferring water from ditch into irrigation container.
Garden Beds
Restorative Landscape - marsh sitting
Model - amphiteather & marsh
Woodland Academy
Tidal Mount Marsh Concrete Sitting
Bartram’s Mile Plaza
39 •
• 40
04 Flowing Water
Spring Creek Watershed runoff study & strategies response, State College, PA Spring 2019 Individual Project Instructors: Hong Wu, Travis L Flohr, Stephen Mainzer
Rapidly Urbanization contains a high proportion of impervious surfaces in Spring Creek Watershed. After a storm, pollutants on the paving surface will directly flow into the creek. In addition, paving is directly exposed under sunlight. It will become hot, which will cause warm runoff into the stream after a storm, suddenly increasing the temperature of a natural body of water, cause thermal pollution. Class A trout and other aquatic life are disturbed living under polluted and warm runoff. Thermal pollution upsets water quality, such as oxygen, decreases in the warm water. The cold water dissolves more oxygen, which fish began to experience stress and suffocates creek animal trout. The best growth for rainbow trout is about 69 degrees; they will stop growth excess 73 degrees and have trouble surviving when the temperature is over 77 degrees. Address the problem from upstream is the most efficient way to maintain the stream temperature from urban runoff. My planning intends to reduce, collect, and treat the warm & polluted urban runoff from the upper stream’s impervious surface to improve water quality.
41 •
• 42
Imp
2020
More than 50,000 students are living here in Penn state
Thermal pollution
ervi
Uncontrolled runoff
At least 16 pollution incidents that killed 100 or more fish.
Schueler proposed that imperviousness could serve as a unifying theme to quantify the degree of urbanization.
2005
The Penn state community was only 7,000 residences
1994
The Pennsylvania State University built the first wastewater treatment plant in the watershed
1946
1913
1900
Water Quality
Population increase to 10,000, yet no wastewater treatment facility.
ous
surf
ace
2040 Expected thermal
Urbanization
pollution Lifespan
Warm,polluted water
Wild brown trout was being negatively affected by high sediment loads originating from agricultural land and urban runoff.
During the months of June through September 1999 to 2007, an average of 22 Storms per year produced hourly increases of >2°C, and the mean increase for these storms was 3.7°C. The highest hourly increase was 9.6°C
Location Suitability
Problems
Built Environment -Built environment is the crucial issues in Spring Creek Watershed that cause and increase the urban runoff, which raised the water temperature of the stream. Impervious surface exceed 60 percent is the suitable location for my design.
Vegetation Cover -Plant can be a most effective way to decrease the urban runoff and surface temperature, it can provide shades from water surface exposed from sunlight, it is necessary that impervious surface is covered with vegetation.
Hydrology -The design will
maintain healthy water by decrease the impervious surface and increase the ground cover to retain health water temperature for aquatic life, which hydrology is one of the essential elements. Impervious surface around stream is a suitable location for design.
43 •
Pollution in stormwater runoff causes 19,000 miles of streams and rivers do not meet water-quality standards.
2015
State Correctional Institution discharged raw sewage into Spring Creek.
Runoff discharge
2007
Large springs in Pleasant Gap led to the establishment of the first trout hatchery First trout hatchery
1912
1903
Cool, undisturbed water
1990
History Line
40%
Summer temperature average
Trout cease growing
Established 1.1 million cu.ft
85.6 °F
67 °F
Summer season runoff
2/3
72 °F
Impervious Surface In Penn State campus
62%
Of total
35% 25%
Lethal to trout
Urban Runoff
State college annual drainage 3.5 million cu.ft
Capacity of end of pipe 2.4 million cu.ft
1 year storm 2 year storm Part. Part. 40% 70% Fresh flooding Carries polluted warm runoff into creek
Deforestation
837
Impervious surface 344.2 arc
344.2 arc Roofs
Total Penn state student 40,639
Ongoing building Pollutants lethal to human,trouts construction 9 spot Pesticides, oils, heavy mental, salts...
Acres in 8 years
• 44
Potential Water Problem State College
Spring Creek +
Flow velocity
Piping
+ Hot roof runoff
Urban sprawl
Vegetation distribution throughout the system, especially in the dense downtown area.
+
Deforestation
Sediment erosion Warm, polluted runoff
+ Hot paving runoff
+ Storm
Peak flow
Upstream Built Environment Implement Sys1:Pixelated Sys 2: Connected
Thermal pollution
Sys 3: Clustered Vegetation within a community help absorb and recharge runoff water
Multi-scale flow diffusion throughout the creek to create a buffer and prevent polluted warm runoff into channel
Downstream ecosystem
+ Impervious surface
Strom capacity
Flooding
Water Flow Strategies Roof
Impervious surface + No vegetation cover
Green roof
Sys 1: Pixelated - parking lot
Cool roof
Cool
System 1
Summer sun
Green Roof - absorbing rainwater and decrease urban heat island
all
Permeable paving
Sm
Permeable surface Turf paving
Parking lot Rain
Hot runoff
Rain garden
Vegetation cover
Canopy cover
System 2
Near stream
Vegetation cover
Cooled Control Retened Detented Infiltrated Filtrated Treated
Planning
Peak flow
Safe release to stream
1 2
Riparian buffer 3
Drainage destination
1
3
Canopy tree provide shades to hot paver on a hot summer day Miniature garden control flow and sedimentation function as a infiltration system
Aggregate mulch Curb cut Asphalt Water absorb plant mix
Turf paving allow stormwater to percolate and infiltrate through the pavement and into the aggregate layers or soil below.
Bedding aggregate Geotexture membrane Turf preamble paving
Site
45 •
Parking Lot Strat
Green Roof Strat
Cool Roof Start
System 2:
Riparian Puffer Start
System 3:
End of Pipe
1
3
1
Canopy tree provide cool shade to rain garden
2
Rain garden temporarily hold and soak in warm stormwater runoff from parking lot Preamble paver catches precipitation and warm surface runoff
3
System 1:
1
Plants
2
Geotextile Sheet
3
Drainage Cell
4
Pacoflex polymer modified asphalt
5
Sheathing felt
6
Concrete deck
Aggregate mulch Preamble paver Wetland vegetation mix
1
Sun’s radiation hits the roof
2
Roof surface to radiate absorbed heat
3
Some heat is absorbed by the roof and transferred to the building below
4
The fraction of solar energy that is reflected by the roof
Sys 2: Connected - creek stabilization
1
2
Runoff direction
3
4
1
ge Lar
6
2
M
1
5
1
ium ed
100‘
4
Cool Roof - reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat than a standard roof
Mimic the crack between paver to slow down the water
End of pipe
2
1
2 3
Excess runoff System 3
Sys 1: Pixelated - building roof
Residential area
Hot surface
Vegetation
Grass filter strips to help slow and prevent warm runoff into the river, allow water to infiltrate into the ground. 2 Remove, transform, or store nutrients, sediments and other pollutants flowing over the surface and through the groundwater. 3 Roots stabilize the stream bank; creates pools that form “microenvironments.” 1 4 Vegetation along creek provide habits, against erosion and purify the 2 water 3
Grassland 25’
4
Woodland 30’
• 46
Sys 3: Clustered - end of pipe Concept
Design Detail
Phase 1
Slow
Phase 2
Purify
Phase 3
Stormwater Control:
Retention:
Slow down the runoff rate
To create sedimentation
End of Pipe Plan
Detention:
Reduce peak flow rate
Infiltration:
Recharging groundwater
Filtration:
Advance filtrate through ground system
100‘
Pretreatment & Inlet
-Large sediments are detained when going though the meandering spreader
Slowing:
-Low wall help slow and spread water to enhance vegetation contact -The vegetation both side support water treatment and sediment filtration, meanwhile provide habitat for surrounding organism
Erosion zone
-Vegetation and rocks help reduce the sediment erosion
Deposition zone
-The gentle slope bank catch the water flow, and spread the water to the surrounding areas for further treating.
Treatment Zone - flow
-Water is treated and absorb in each block -Ducks renew and create habitats for ecologic system
Treatment zone - habitat
-A warming environment encourages new species to inhabit “mound”, increase interaction and creates ecosystem. Water is treated and metabolized when going trough each gap.
-Four inlets in the exist condition, the pretreatment help mitigate flooding and sediment deposition
Treatment:
Use organic matter, microorganisms, and phytoremediation to metabolize contaminants .
-The Curvy path slowing down the water
100‘
PSU Campus
-Capture & slow surface runoff
Phase 1
Phase 1 Not in scale
Phase 2 Not in scale
Phase 2
Stormwater controlled
Retention pool to create sedimentation
Water infiltrated through soil, significantly reduced contamination and recharge ground water
Phase 3
Neighborhood
Temporarily detain stormwater, releasing it at a predetermined design flow rate.
Water is filtrated through ground layers to remove sediment and contamination
-Sink & recharge waste water
aquatic plants, overflow, Duck, canopy to purify and cool the waste water
Impermeable liner
Phase 3
Prevents infiltration of wastes down into lower aquifers and provides a substrate for root zone
Not in scale
Natural process to improve water quality, this process has minimal maintenance costs
Open water transfer the wetland surface into the atmosphere
Aquatic plants, Duck, canopy to purify and cool the waste water
Impermeable liner
Replenish aquifer
47 •
Impermeable basin-bed
Water continually treated when releasing
• 48
Rock Gravel
End of Pipe - treatment zone Location Water movement
American Elm
Not in scale
Proposed water flow
Stormwater flow
Overflow pipe is location at the end of the treatment zone
A
Less toxic
Heavy metal removel and Bio-purification
Filtration Sedimentation
phytofiltration phytostabilization Rhizofiltration
Filtration Eliminate the toxic
95% uptake
N₂N₂O
Volatilization
Aeration and Biological Purification
Nutrient Removel Plant uptake
P
Plant roots release antibiotics
Sedimentation
N
Filtration Filtration Sedimentation
Cattail Typha
American lotus Nelumbo pentapetala
Common water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
N
P
Sitting
View platform
O₂ O₂
N
Yellow Water-lily Nuphar lutea
View platform
N
N
P
Common reed Phragmites australis
O₂ N
Water is infiltrated and filtrated through the soil
N
X
N
P
X
O₂
O₂
O₂
Circulation PSU Campus
Sweet flag Acorus calamus
Knotweed Polygonum
Annual beard-grass Polypogon monspeliensis
Pickerelweed Pontederia cordata
Common water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
O₂
Spikerush Eleocharis palustris
Soft rush Juncus effusus
X
Sweet flag Acorus calamus
Soft rush Juncus effusus
Cattail Typha
Water lettuce Pistia stratiotes
Common Duckweed Lemna minor
Pickerelweed Pontederia cordata
Sedges Carex
Reed canary grass Phalaris arundinocea
Common water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
Softstem bulrush Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
Spikerush Eleocharis palustris
Lizard’s tail Saururus cernuus
Decrease conc
Pickerelweed Pontederia cordata
Reed canary grass Phalaris arundinocea
Overflow release
Organic matter Nutrients Pathogens
De-nitrification
Absorb & hold
Sedges Carex
Excess water
Maintain purification (low temp)
Limited
Eliminate
Cattail Typha
Deposition Zone
1:400
Evaporation
Predation
Pathogen Removel and Bio-purification
Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn
Rhizome network Small gravel
NH₃
Decrease Natural decay
Subsurface filtration
A’
Erosion Zone
Phytovolatilization
River Ash
Overflow pipe
Existing slope provide drainage for surrounding
Treatment Zone - biological purification Photodegradation
Little Bluestem
Indian Grass
The water is filtrated and treated when go though the gap
Destroy
Low Wall
O₂
Neighborhood
Vegetation processing of nutrients into wetland vegetation and biofilms
Wetland vegetation inhibits the release of deposited nutrients by pumping oxygen into the soil
X
Plant roots release antibiotics to eliminate bacteria and pathogens.
Muti stemmed vegetation slowing down runoff velocity, reduce erosion and increasing infiltration
X
O₂ O₂
Plant roots release antibiotics to eliminate bacteria and pathogens
Vegetation absorbs and hyperaccumulating metal contaminants in harvestable root and shoot tissue
O₂ N
N
Vegetation provides carbon sources and a surface for biofilms to denitrification, removing N from the water
Slowing of run-off. Ponds retain the water in a sequence of basins while the wetland ecosystem cleans the water of impurities.
Vegetation pond 49 •
• 50
05 Drawing and Photography 2019-2020 Personal Work By Li Yan
I used a pen and camera to describe my personal understand towards the city and nature; they bring multifaceted reality to a person. It is filled with harmony. Location: Myanmar Date: Aug 2019
Location: Huangshan Date: July 2019
Location: Hangzhou Date: Feb 2020
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