Derivation of form through principles of geometric concepts 6 page report

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, MANIPAL DISSERTATION PAPER VII SEM B.ARCH (2015-16 ) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Derivation Of Forms Through Principles Of Geometric Concepts Liya Sunny Anthraper (VII Semester, Faculty Of Architecture, Manipal University, 123701182, liyaooolsa949@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT This report explores principles derived from research done by researchers or architects. A new approach to designing form for a building. There will be a digital approach done to these principles in order to derive a form which might have been impossible but now possible to design. This study helps identify simple nature elements which can become the sole structure of a building. The paper is to study how by using these principles, a building form can be designed and built faster.

New technology links parametric design software, already available material, and elements of nature to be allowed for the customization of individual building components or whole building form. These principles are of particular interest in studying design problems where the structural stability measure may act beneficially in one season but detrimentally in another if not properly given a better understanding of it. Other possible applications for the principles include generating new building forms based on cost efficiency, structural stability and less material.

Given that one can anticipate the stability as well as the external aesthetics through modern technology can faster the process of construction. In fact, in this paper it is shown that the there can be a trial and error method creating possibilities too many different forms The paper concludes with the demonstration of acquiring a furniture (stairs) through the help of a simple geometric principle. Which is done on Rhino software with grasshopper plugin. Further studies can help a different level of understanding of the rapid life of technology today.

Key Words:

1. INTRODUCTION In the mid-nineties, the “first wave” of digital architecture hit the world and triggered a digital revolution within the profession. However, with this first wave, there was no attention given to gravity, not much for the senses and very few constraints. Thus architecture was divided into two sectors: the digital visionary designers and the ‘real’ architects who built. In today’s “second wave”, digital working processes enable us to conceptualize and to build in an entirely different manner.

We are currently facing times in which technological progress becomes a useful tool in overcoming the division it once generated. Architecture is undergoing an interesting process of transformation.

The understanding of Geometry plays a major role in the application of new digital techniques by architects. Although geometrical principles are sometimes used as an inspirational concept, more and more frequently a deep understanding of geometrical relationships is becoming the key for 1

parametrical optimization and associative modelling techniques. These design processes trigger a different notion of form – as the result of a process rather than the idea of a single designer.

2. EVOLUTION OF FORM THROUGHT HISTORY Caves

1 FORM – WHAT IS IT WITH RELATION TO ARCHITECTURE? “Architectural form is the point of contact between mass and Space…Architectural forms, textures, materials, modulation of light and shade, color, all combine to inject a quality or spirit that articulates space. The quality of the architecture will be determined by the skill of the designer in using and relating these elements, both in the interior spaces and in the space around buildings.” – Edmund N. Bacon By the Perry Wolf definition, the form is a set of weighted properties and relationships among components and connectors. A form defines constraints on the components and connectors and how they are p laced relative to each other and how they interact.

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2 FEW PRINCIPLES DERIVED TO ATTAIN AN ARCHITECTURAL FORM 2.1.1

Robert Hooke’s Theory Of The Hanging Chain

Robert Hooke (1635-1703) described the relationship between a hanging chain, which forms a catenary in tension under its own weight, and an arch, which stands in compression.

2.1.2

Gaudi’s Hanging Chain Models: Parametric Design

Hanging models enable the designer to determine the optimal form of structures carrying purely in compression, particularly those consisting mainly of vaults.

2.1.3

loads

Avian Architecture By Peter Goodfellow

The book explains on how simple creatures like birds build their nest in various different methods.

Also describes how birds create their home in different patterns. How those patterns can be taken as principles for architecture.

2.1.4

Funicular Funnel Shells

This research introduces a new typology of structurally efficient, funnel-shaped shells for light and open architectural applications. It uses a novel approach for the structural form finding of funicular shell shapes by defining free boundaries that are balanced by continuous tension rings.

Geometrically, the relation between the form and force diagram is called reciprocal 2.1.5

Theory Of Frei Otto - Bubbles (The Water Cube, National Stadium For Beijing Olympics)

Conceptually the square box and the interior spaces are carved out of an undefined cluster of foam bubbles, symbolizing a condition of nature that is transformed into a condition of culture. The appearance of the aquatic center is therefore a “cube of water molecules” – the Water Cube.

2.1.6

Knot -Mercedes-Benz Museum Stuttgart, Unstudio, 2006

The Mercedes-Benz Museum is one of the largest company-owned museums in the world. It displays the unique collection of the Mercedes-Benz brand, consisting of one version of almost every car the company produced since the invention of the car in 1886.

2.1.7

Green Void Installation In Customs House, Sydney, Lava, 2008

When LAVA was asked to design this year’s installation for the atrium space in Customs House at Sydney’s Circular Quay, we considered an efficient way of achieving more with less. The starting point was research into ‘minimal surface’ forms, the most efficient structures known in nature. The ‘minimal surface’ of the installation consists of a tensioned stretch fabric, digitally patterned and custom-made for the space.

2.1.8 Basic Principles Followed During Designing Form        

Shape Size / mass Scale Proportion Rhythm Articulation Texture and color Light 3

2.1.9

Case Study 1-- Mathematics Gallery Science Museum

Place: London, United Kingdom The Mathematics Gallery design explores the many influences of mathematics in our everyday lives: transforming seemingly abstract mathematical concepts into an exciting interactive experience for visitors of all ages.

2.1.10

Case Study 2 – Gold Spot

2.1.11

Case Study 3 – Elastica

2.1.12

Flexible Materials

  

ferrocement acrylic solids glass fibre reinforced plastics

3 ANALYSIS From the study above we are understanding the patterns used by architects to derive the form in new and faster methods.

And it’s not just one solution to the form. we can modify as we go about the planning of the building not losing its aesthetical value. Form should not be for the just the aesthetical representation. Form should be for the sake of building faster, better and more efficient Trial and error method is what is common in all the principles. In the olden days it used to take years but now with software application we can try out as many forms and its patterns as possible.

How Robert hookes chain reaction method states how the arch is a compression structure. An entire building can be can follow the methods he has derived for the arch to an entire building.

Antonio Gaudi is one of the greatest architects of all time he took his time in to understand the flexibility of architecture and have created the most beautiful buildings of all time. His methods were simple to understand the load he placed small iron balls on the strings to understand the catenary functions and how gravity plays the biggest role to determine the load bearing system.

The methods of how a bird built its home can be so simple yet so complicated. Can be taken into consideration for building complete structure and a form will naturally be derived out of it.

The processes may be different be the understanding of the way simple nature how it works can give rise to the question “if it can be done for a building which is of larger scale “. And people are proving it through many buildings.

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After 70s the labour cost had drastically increased and it became too expensive to create architecture in flexible style and more boxes have come into the world.

But now that particular style of architecture is coming back in the most advanced way. technology is definitely changing the world into a new world. The bones are the most essential part about a human and the skin is just over it protecting the bones. Now if architecture could be thought like that the form generation of buildings will become more flexible in nature. in the following experiment I have demonstrated a basic principle of geometry and have been able to convert it into a furniture.

The process involves design development through sticks and then importing the logic into rhino and then doing a structural analysis enabling me the perfect solutions to where stability is best .and then finally using grasshopper I have been able to skin the structure and able to put it in printer generation information. The model is then structured for the final stage of fabrication.

Another such example is also mentioned.

4 EXPIRAMENT 4.1.1

Euclidean Steiner tree

Polygon done on rhino

Networking trials

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Structural Analysis

Final product Done after piping the networking and then cutting them into circles These circles are later put in command for print on a laser printer And the they are stuck together Al the use of sticks for combining them Ethoflex is the material used .

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REFERENCES

1) Francis D.K. Ching, Architecture Form, Space & Order , published 2015 2) Rudolf Arnheim, The Dynamics of Architectural Form 3) Tim and Charlotte Benton , Form and Function 4) Phoebe Crisman, Assistant Professor ,University of Virginia School of Architecture , research paper 5) http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab27 6) http://www.thesubversivearchaeologist.com/2011_10_09_archive.html 7) http://web.mit.edu/masonry/papers/block_dejong_ochs_NNJ.pdf 8) Frei otto works at RIBA.com

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