"FIRE-WORK" SCHOOL 2024 by Li, Jamie

THE FOREST SCHOOL, “”FIRE-WORK”” SCHOOL; 花火スクール

Sequoia sempervirens

Castanea sativa

100m

8.22m

Softwood

Coast Redwood

Sequoia Sempervirens;

3. 2.

Core Axonometric

1. Xylem 2. Rays 3. Radial Resin Canals 4. Phloem

1. 2.

Bark Axonometric 1. Heartwood 2. Bark 3. Cambium Layer 0. Coast Redwood / Sequoia Sempervirens The giant sequoia has uniformly scalelike or awl-shaped leaves that lie close against the branches and scaleless winter buds. The compact cones require two seasons to mature and open immediately following a wildfire. “Richard goes on to mention how native people and early inhabitants held these trees as both sacred and superstitious, calling them “ghost trees.” And ghosts they are: With a different lifespan than other redwoods, these beings can appear — or disappear —”

4. Leave/Leaf Observation

5. Redwood Cone(s) Observation

Sequoia Sempervirens;

Plan 1. Heartwood 2. Bark 3. Cambium Layer 0. Coast Redwood / Sequoia Sempervirens They're fire resistant! Tannic acid is a chemical infused in their thick and fibrous bark which keeps them safe from fires. If a fire ever does harm them, they also can re-sprout from burl tissue. Fires have shaped redwood ecosystem for a long time, creating healthy groves of trees.

A few living parenchyma cells - They will soon die Thick-Walled Fibres

Cork Layer Phellum

Cork Cambium Phellogen New Parenchyma Cells Phelloderm

Fibres of Inner Bark

Detailed Section of Outer Bark 2. Coast Redwood / Sequoia Sempervirens Redwoods exude a subtle fragrance. It is one of mild spice with earthy undertones and a tinge of sweetness. There's a dry wood quality about it too. Some may question the utility of declaring that wood smells like wood. Naturally occurs in a mild climate with frequent summer fogs; currently probably best suited to Wales and south-west England in areas with more than 1250 mm rainfall although it will grow in eastern Britain on suitable soils. May not be fully cold hardy in Britain, is sensitive to late frosts, does not withstand exposure and is not drought tolerant. Best growth is on poor to medium soils of fresh or moist soil moisture status. Is not suited to heavier gleys, peats or very poor dry soils. Regenerates from seed or from sprouts from cut stumps.

Supporting Fibres

Companion Cells Parenchyma

Detailed Section of Inner Bark 3. Coast Redwood / Sequoia Sempervirens Besides helping make room for diverse species to flourish, prescribed fire and thinning protects the monarchs of the forest and prevents them from future catastrophic damage. Similar to a buffer area around a house, some species need a little area to ensure that a blaze doesn’t have so much fuel that it burns hot enough to sear through their protective layers. Smaller and more frequent fires can also clear the underbrush that may have been choking large redwoods and give them a chance to flourish.

Phloem Tubes + Perforated Sieve Plates

Baubotanik Tower construction detail case-study 1. Scaffolding structure 2. Connection detail via “stacked” shoots 3. Tensile component (?) 4. Verttical load-bearing elementts

Bedgebury Park

Park Ho

Pinetum

Registered Coast Redwood

Whitelimes

Badger’s

Lousia

Oak

Lodge

Trenley Frith Fm

Tanyard Fm

Siseley Fm

5000

NAME: Coast Redwood; Sequoia Sempevirens LIFESPAN/AGE: Avg. 800-1500yrs, high cap at 2000+yrs LIFESPAN/AGE: Avg. 800-1500yrs, high cap at 2000+yrs Coast redwoods occupy a narrow strip of land approximately 750 km (470 mi) in length and 8–75 km (5–47 mi) in width along the Pacific coast of North America; the most southerly grove is in Monterey County, California, and the most northerly groves are in extreme southwestern Oregon. The prevailing elevation range is 30–750 m (100–2,460 ft) above sea level, occasionally down to 0 and up to about 900 m (3,000 ft).[17] They usually grow in the mountains where precipitation from the incoming moisture off the ocean is greater. The tallest and oldest trees are found in deep valleys and gullies, where year-round streams can flow, and fog drip is regular. The terrain also made it harder for loggers to get to the trees and to get them out after felling. The trees above the fog layer, above about 700 m (2,300 ft), are shorter and smaller due to the drier, windier, and colder conditions. In addition, Douglas-fir, pine, and tanoak often crowd out redwoods at these elevations. Few redwoods grow close to the ocean, due to intense salt spray, sand, and wind. Coalescence of coastal fog accounts for a considerable part of the trees' water needs.[18] Fog in the 21st century is, however, reduced from what it was in the prior century, which is a problem that may be compounded by climate change.[19] The native area provides a unique environment with heavy seasonal rains up to 2,500 mm (100 in) annually. Cool coastal air and fog drip keep the forest consistently damp year round. Several factors, including the heavy rainfall, create a soil with fewer nutrients than the trees need, causing them to depend heavily on the entire biotic community of the forest, and making efficient recycling of dead trees especially important. This forest community includes coast Douglas-fir, Pacific madrone, tanoak, western hemlock, and other trees, along with a wide variety of ferns, mosses, mushrooms, and redwood sorrel. Redwood forests provide habitat for a variety of amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles. Old-growth redwood stands provide habitat for the federally threatened spotted owl and the California-endangered marbled murrelet. Cross section of a Sequoia sempervirens showing tree rings Coast redwoods are resistant to insect attack, fungal infection, and rot. These properties are conferred by concentrations of terpenoids and tannic acid in redwood leaves, roots, bark, and wood.[36] Despite these chemical defenses, redwoods are still subject to insect infestations; none, however, are capable of killing a healthy tree.[36] Redwoods also face herbivory from mammals: black bears are reported to consume the inner bark of small redwoods, and black-tailed deer are known to eat redwood sprouts.[36]

Fairly solid evidence indicates that coast redwoods were the world's largest trees before logging, with numerous historical specimens reportedly over 122 m (400 ft).[63]: 16, 42 The theoretical maximum potential height of coast redwoods is thought to be limited to between 122 and 130 m (400 and 427 ft), as evapotranspiration is insufficient to transport water to leaves beyond this range.[43] Further studies have indicated that this maximum requires fog, which is prevalent in these trees' natural environment.[64]Today, trees over 60 m (200 ft) are common, and many are over 90 m (300 ft). The current tallest tree is the Hyperion tree, measuring 115.61 m (379.3 ft).[37] The tree was discovered in Redwood National Park during mid-2006 by Chris Atkins and Michael Taylor, and is thought to be the world's tallest living organism. The previous record holder was the Stratosphere Giant in Humboldt Redwoods State Park at 112.84 m (370.2 ft) (as measured in 2004). Until it fell in March 1991, the "Dyerville Giant" was the record holder. It, too, stood in Humboldt Redwoods State Park and was 113.4 m (372 ft) high and estimated to be 1,600 years old. This fallen giant has been preserved in the park. The largest known living coast redwood is Grogan's Fault, discovered in 2014 by Chris Atkins and Mario Vaden in Redwood National Park,[37] with a main trunk volume of at least 1,084.5 cubic meters (38,299 cu ft)[37] Other high-volume coast redwoods include Iluvatar, with a main trunk volume of 1,033 m3 (36,470 cu ft),[63]: 160 and the Lost Monarch, with a main trunk volume of 988.7 m3 (34,914 cu ft).[74]

1_Brief interpretation; developing methodology to tackle article of assigned tree; Investigation and Observation to derive design avenues Class Mainfesto

2_Work within self-designated scope to develop investigation; using a series of media and to begin to relate findings and thinking back to climate wheel/decleration and class manifesto

4_Synthesize investigations into proposition; Multiple forms of media, multiple propositions using components in 3_ Exploring different ways to set-up reviews Exploring more intensity in focus on other avenues (Away from Fire/Baubotanik if need be) Refining existing drawings before moving on to design thinking

Case Study / Class Site Visit / Refining of findings

3_Creating dialogue between proposed solutions from finding to brief; binding relationship between underlying investigation (which is supported by climate wheel and manifesto) and the ultimate goal of the “school” - Curriculum (how would the learning be? what would the setting be like? how does it relate to the forest school, and my investigation? Does it need to have it’s own identity, or can it be a architectural language that could be later applied to other trees, and by extension, forests? - Architectural Design (Baubotanik case-study by precedent and detail drawing observation/Fire retardant elements in relationship with Agnoistic school and tree particulars

Curriculum:

Agnonistic learning 1)Via Conflicted exchanges 2)Debate forums within learning schedule to produce meaningful outcomes 3)Developing rapport and deepened understanding of each other through conflict and siagreement 4)

8/1/2024 -Refinaing of research into formulation of architecture -Design logic and procession through derivation and adding personal stance to project -”Hands on” approach to develop a bond with the sense of anger and also to personally go through the “simulative” architecture

“Vernacular” “Hostile” “Honest”

0. Utilizing Redwood to activate architecture “Path” is a key component of the school parti that forms the cerebral part of the architecture; it guides thinking and emotions while students traverse and aims to represent the stages of forest fires; an experience that is offered in order to present the pain of trees to those who walk the school. Similar to the Danteum in the sense that it’s conceptual and designed to be more of a design excercise; it proposes a real, visceral tangibility to forcing issues upon the majority who suffer from plant blindness. It could be regarded as a door-opener to future experimentations of “hostile” architecture in order to raise awareness about things, as opposed to neutral and passive architecture which generally transfers knowledge through interpretation and/or human interference.

2 0

Ignorance

Procession

Fear/Alertness

Physical (pain?)

The work behind the work https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F233881157 %2Ffigure%2Ffig1%2FAS%3A393454833160196%401470818350241%2FMicroscopic-view-of-the-bark-and-resi n-secretory-structures-of-a-B-papyrifera-tree-A.png&tbnid=1CpbsT1-rVYesM&vet=12ahUKEwibx8aJ3bCCAxXDT KQEHdLQC9sQMygNegQIARBq..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FMicroscop ic-view-of-the-bark-and-resin-secretory-structures-of-a-B-papyrifera-tree-A_fig1_233881157&docid=YpPyRX13Si WmhM&w=850&h=513&q=Structure%20of%20tree%20bark%20&ved=2ahUKEwibx8aJ3bCCAxXDTKQEHdLQC 9sQMygNegQIARBq https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Microscopic-view-of-the-bark-and-resin-secretory-structures-of-a-B-papyrifer a-tree-A_fig1_233881157 https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/bark.html https://www.slideshare.net/AlexGeorge3/tree-bark https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/shirley/sec6.htm https://www.treegirl.org/coast-redwood.html https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treegirl.org%2Fuploads%2F4%2F4%2F2%2F8 %2F44289563%2Fshady-dell-redwood-heart-fairy-i-7095-treegirl-10-12-20-1050wx1575h_orig.jpg&tbnid=BgCSi MmJHLtAuM&vet=10CAoQxiAoAWoXChMIwJaq4ca_ggMVAAAAAB0AAAAAEBA..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2 Fwww.treegirl.org%2Fcoast-redwood.html&docid=j3H83-Dy36RN-M&w=1050&h=1575&itg=1&q=Redwood%20C oast&ved=0CAoQxiAoAWoXChMIwJaq4ca_ggMVAAAAAB0AAAAAEBA https://issuu.com/birkhauser.ch/docs/look_inside_30_trees Yaki Sugi's research (shou sugi ban) made use of books, and real-life burning to create charcoal. Part of the program testing for the school Note taking, and photo documentaries were the primary sources for this work, informed the site, the design, and also the graphics Climate wheel, deepened understanding of climate justice, plant blindness, and a lot more respect for nature when working with architecture