Urban Monastery Design :: Phase_01-Preliminary Research

[STL.Urban_Monastery] Studio X: Benedictine Monastery + Soup Kitchen

Downtown St. Louis, MO LaQuinton Nimox ARCH 5002

[Phase_01] Pre-Design:

Research, Analysis, Concept Development Site_Analysis Downtown St. Louis, MO............................................................................ 1 Core of Discovery District............................................................................ 2 Visual Context............................................................................................. 3 Cultural Context.......................................................................................... 4

Code_Analysis Downtown St. Louis, MO............................................................................ 5 Core of Discovery District............................................................................ 6 Visual Context............................................................................................. 7 Cultural Context.......................................................................................... 8

Program_Analysis Case Studies.............................................................................................. 9 Novy Dvur Monastery......................................................................... 10 St. John’s Abbey Monastery............................................................... 11 Cultural Context.......................................................................................... 12 Citations....................................................................................................

13

Contents [Phase_02] Schematic Design: Research, Analysis, Concept Development

Poster_Design Conceptual Poster...................................................................................... 1 Material Palette........................................................................................... 2 Structure Poster.......................................................................................... 3 Surface Poster............................................................................................. 4

Preliminary_Building Design Iteration_01................................................................................................. 5 Iteration_02................................................................................................. 6 Iteration_03................................................................................................. 7

Final_Schematic Design Case Studies.............................................................................................. 9 Novy Dvur Monastery......................................................................... 10 St. John’s Abbey Monastery............................................................... 11 Cultural Context.......................................................................................... 12 Citations....................................................................................................

13

6

Phase_01 01

Pre-Design:

Research, Analysis, Concept Development Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

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02

03

04

7

05 Downtown St. Louis siteplan: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

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07

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by Marriott

To Airport via Metrolink

1

8

To Forest Park (approx. 2 mi.)

To Grand Center (appox. 1 mi.)

J e f fe r s o n

Clark Ave.

Site_ANALYSIS

1

St. Louis RV Park

Courtyard

by Marriott

23rd St.

22nd St.

Pear Tree Inn Union Station

22nd St.

21st St.

21st St. Drury Inn

20th St.

St. Louis Union Station Marriott

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19th St.

18th St.

18th St. Carr Dr.

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15th St.

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16th St.

Campbell House Museum

Gateway Transportation Center Amtrak/Greyhound

Peabody Opera House

14th St.

14th St. Central Public Library

Soldier’s Memorial

Sheraton City Center

Barnes Care Center

13th St.

City Hall

Tucker Blvd.

Civil Courts

11th St. Omni Majestic

Washington Avenue Loft District

10th St. Citygarden

Holiday Inn Select

Downtown Urgent Care

Roberts Orpheum Theater Renaissance Grand Old Hotel & Suites Post Office Roberts Plaza Mayfair Hotel

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Nestlé-Purina Headquarters

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Washington Ave.

Kiener Plaza

S p ru ce

44

Drury Plaza

Millennium Hotel St. Louis

55

Broadway YMCA

Old Courthouse

Luther Smith Park

Hilton Downtown Hyatt Regency St. Louis Riverfront

3

Lu c a s

6th St.

Broadway Eugene Field House

r te en nC

Drury Inn & Suites

B r o a d w ay Robert J. Baer Plaza

70

Crowne Plaza Mansion House Suites

Gentry’s Landing

Lumière Place Casino

M emoria

Hotel Lumière

l Bridge

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1st St.

ge ont Tr R i ve r f r

Levee

70

2nd St.

Laclede’s Landing

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Gateway Arch Riverboats

Four Seasons Hotel

M.L. K ing

La

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di

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L e’s

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55

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Old Cathedral

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Missouri Athletic Club

Memorial Drive Memorial Drive

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64

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= 10 min. walking

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St. Char les

17th St.

16th St.

Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

St. Louis is located at the confluence of the Mississippi River and the Missouri RIver, while also being close to the geographic center of the United States. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus.

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Berry Rd.

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Dielman Rd.

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Lindbergh Blvd.

Bopp Rd.

Geyer Rd.

Ballas Rd.

Linderman Rd.

Des Peres Rd.

Yarnell Rd.

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Mosley Rd.

Spoede Rd.

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Hanna Rd.

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10 Humidity: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Iid magna.

01 Humidity

Annual Temperature: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Iid magna.

02 Annual Temperature Bins

11

04 Annual Wind Rose

03 Monthly Design Data

St. Louis, MO Wind Diagrams: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

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05 Monthly Wind Roses

12 St. Louis Annual Precipitation chart: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Iid magna.

01

St. Louis Precipitation (inches)

Site Geology diagram (on next page)

01

13

02

14

Core of Discovery District

The Core of DIscovery District is a district full of attractions and serves as a major catalyst for the urban revitalization of the downtown area. A few of the major attractions of the area are the New Busch Stadium, the Citygarden, the Gateway Arch, and the Old Courthouse amongst others. This district also includes the Gateway Mall, a linear park from the Gateway Arch to Union Station.

15

The title Samarkand refers to the ancient city located along the Silk Road, an important trading route. The city experienced numerous conquests during its 2,500 year history, creating a culture that mixed together Iranian, European and Asian influences. The form of this sculpture resembles one of the most distinctive forms of Japanese art—a folding screen, combined with elements drawn from

16

Citygarden

Middle Eastern architecture.

La Riviere

Along the Gateway Mall, we find a ribbon of landscape accompanied by 7 commercial high-rise buildings in St. Louis’s Central Business District downtown. Flanking our site for the monastery are two of the most important green spaces in urban design. The newest one is a 2.9 acres public park called 8 simply Citygarden between Eighth and Tenth and Market and Chestnut streets.

This particular park is part of the recent urban revitalization of downtown St. Louis and introduces to new sustainable strategies

1938-1943 Bronze

The female nude is the subject of nearly all of Maillol’s mature work. Although most of his sculptures are characterized by stillness, serenity and emotional restraint, La Riviere departs from those ideals. The artist creates the feeling of

such as green roofs and rainwater collection.

43.3" x 94.5" x 57" instability and movement by placing the figure low to the ground and extending TheAristide garden’s our site coupled Maillol thejuxtaposition head and arms beyond to the pedestal.

The figure, with its legs bent in a pose that suggests running, is the personification of water. with it’s dynamic formal design qualities and function as a sculpture park make for clear sculptor, Tom Otterness creates cast bronze sculptures inspired by fairy opportunitiesAmerican to draw visitors to this park onto tales, cartoons and early animation. His work often appears comical, but carries a serious message. In Kindly Geppetto, Geppetto, a carpenter and the fictional our site. creator of Pinocchio, is about to hammer the poor puppet. Pinocchio wants only

The togarden itsmustbuildings were be a real boy,with but first he prove himself truthful and be able to tell right from wrong.

Otterness explores complicated relationship between the designed with innovation andthis sustainability creator and his creation. as key driving forces for design and could definitely influence the sustainable strategies attempted on our site.

Citygarden Siteplan: This plan shows the overall layout of the park and how the buildings and hardscape are nestled within the native landscape.

NORTHERN R BLUFFS BAND

CITYGAR

DEN

SITE

Context Map

N

01

CHESTNUT STREET

MAINTENANCE + SECURITY

CONFLUENCE OF MISSOURI MISSISSIPPI RI

10

23

THE TERRACE VIEW

12

9

8

11 13

7

22

MIDDLE ODPLAIN BAND

14

6

5 21 18

10TH STREET

19

SOUTHERN R TERRACE BAND

15 17

8TH STREET

02

GATEWAY A JEFFERSON NAT EXPANSION MEMORIA MISSISSIPPI

1

9TH STREET

N STATION AND NG OF THE WATERS TAIN BY CARL MILLES

2 3

16

4

20

BUSCH ST

MARKET STREET

17 View from within the park facing the Court’s Administrator’s Office: In this image, we are able to see how the park functions as a sculpture garden in an urban setting.

03

View from corner of Market and 9th Streets looking west: This image how the park works spatially with the cafe, water fountains, and gathering spaces.

04

18

Kiernerplaza

Further down the Gateway Mall we find another key green space on the east side of our site, we find the Kiener plaza located in front of the Old Courthouse. This space has an amphitheater and water features that invite passer-bys to come and interact with this dynamic space.

The space provides excellent views of the Old Courthouse and the Gateway Arch while providing seating from the busy tours that are popular in the area. The park also

houses a statue by William Zorach called “the Runner” at the center of it’s pool.

The plaza also acts as a safe haven for much of the homeless population in the downtown area. This situation works well for the new monastery in our design because we will be able to provide food and clothing to this transient community.

Citygarden Siteplan: This siteplan shows how the Gateway Mall is layed out with it’s large greenspaces, including the Citygarden (on the far left)

02

01

Context Map

SITE

KIENER P

LAZA

19

View from South looking towards Kiener Plaza: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Iid magna.

03

View from the plaza looking towards the 'Runner’ statue and the old courthouse: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Iid magna.

04

20

Visual Context Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen South 7th Street looking North: In this image we can see the most common approach for visitor traveling by car.

With this important approach, laying the site out so that it presents itself but still allows the monks to be shielded off from the distractions of city life.

01

North 8th Street looking South: Here, we see the more commerical side of the site with the high-rises and twolane streets. One issue is with the large black building because it will block most of the sunlight on the site and will directly affect the placement of the garden space.

CITYGAR

DEN

SITE

KIENER P

02

LAZA

feet meters

10

5

21

Market Street looking East: This view shows some of the significance of our site and it’s relationship to the Gateway Mall and the St. Louis Arch. This axial quality provides an obvious starting point by which to organize the site including the placement of the small footpring of monastery.

03

feet meters

04

10

5

Chestnut Street looking West: This view shows the highrise office building that the monastery will share the block with. Also shown here is the Wainwright Building which will be discussed later in more detail.

CITYGAR

DEN

SITE

KIENER P

LAZA

by Marriott

To Airport via Metrolink

1

22

To Forest Park (approx. 2 mi.)

To Grand Center (appox. 1 mi.)

J e f fe r s o n

Clark Ave.

Cultural_CONTEXT

1

St. Louis RV Park

Courtyard

by Marriott

23rd St.

22nd St.

Pear Tree Inn Union Station

22nd St.

21st St.

21st St. Drury Inn

20th St.

St. Louis Union Station Marriott

on

on

i Un

i at St

St. Louis Union Station

19th St.

18th St.

18th St.

vi Ci

05

14th St.

Carr Dr.

Scottrade Center

Co l e

15th St.

r te en cC

M.L. K ing

City Museum

Campbell House Museum

Gateway Transportation Center Amtrak/Greyhound

D elmar

Lu c a s

16th St.

Washington Ave.

17th St.

16th St.

St. Char les

Lo c u s t

O l i ve

Pi n e

Chestnut

Post Office

Westward Expansion

Peabody Opera House

14th St. Central Public Library

Soldier’s Memorial

Sheraton City Center

Barnes Care Center

13th St.

City Hall

07

Tucker Blvd.

Civil Courts

11th St. Omni Majestic

Washington Avenue Loft District

10th St. Citygarden

Holiday Inn Select

Downtown Urgent Care

Roberts Orpheum Theater Renaissance Grand Old Hotel & Suites Post Office Roberts Plaza Mayfair Hotel

9th St. um di

The Westin

ta hS

Citygarden

sc

Bu

Pin

e

Old Post Office

?

7th St.

Co

Washington Ave.

Kiener Plaza

Broadway

Drury Plaza

YMCA

Old Courthouse

Luther Smith Park

Hilton Downtown Hyatt Regency St. Louis Riverfront

3

Lu c a s

6th St.

Broadway

02

r te en nC

tio en nv

Lo c u s t

O l i ve

Pi n e

Chestnut

Macy’s

Drury Inn & Suites

B r o a d w ay Robert J. Baer Plaza

70

Crowne Plaza Mansion House Suites

Gentry’s Landing

Lumière Place Casino

M emoria

2nd St.

Hotel Lumière

l Bridge

Laclede’s Landing 1st St.

ge

Museum and Visitor Center

N . Wh a

Leonor K. Sullivan Blvd.

ont Tr R i ve r f r

Levee

70

M.L. K ing

La

ng

di

an

L e’s

d cle

Eads Brid

04

I-70 t via rpor America’s

Hampton Inn Gateway Arch

Old Cathedral

55

i To A

4th St.

To I-70 West

Gateway Arch

Edward Jones Dome

Missouri Athletic Club

Memorial Drive Memorial Drive

C o nv e n t i o n P l a z a

03

Hilton at the Ballpark

Millennium Hotel St. Louis

55

M ark et

Walnut

Eugene Field House

Ballpark Village Site

S p ru ce

06 44

Clar k

Ce r r e

64

Co l e

Busch Stadium

7th St.

Gateway Arch Riverboats

W .

S

America's Center®

8th St.

G rat i o t

01

h&

8t

8th St.

Nestlé-Purina Headquarters

Ch o u te a u

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M ark et

To Lafayette Square

N E Casino Queen

ail

rf

Four Seasons Hotel

Best Value Inn

23

02

03

Old St. Louis Courthouse

Wainwright Building

11 North 14th Street, St. Louis, MO

709 Chestnut Street, St. Louis, MO

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Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan. Nulla justo dolor, scelerisque at hendrerit in, varius quis nunc.

Proin interdum magna ut justo sodales eu tincidunt elit vehicula. Proin ullamcorper magna sit amet leo aliquet mattis.

Designed by the renowned Louis Sullivan, the Wainwright Building was designed in 1891 as a ‘modern prototype for office building’ (Wainwright Building). The presence of such a renowned piece of architecture only a block away from the site gives this building a clear precedent for how efficiency can be accomplished and how that efficiency can be translated into the modern language of today.

24

St. Louis Gateway Arch Jefferson National Expansion Memorial As the nation’s tallest monument, the Gateway Arch, designed by Eero Saarineen, symbolizes the westward expansion of the US and St. Louis’ role in that. The symbolism and the sculptural qualities of this monument

04

Scottrade Center 1401 Clark Avenue, St. Louis, MO

The Scottrade Center as the prime location for entertainment purposes with it’s over 19,000 seats. WIth the modern design by Ellerbe Beckett of Kansas City, the arena ranks as one of the top arenas for tickets sold.

05

25

Busch Stadium

700 Clark Avenue, St. Louis, MO The presence of a professional baseball, the St. Louis Cardinals, will greatly increased visitors to the areas from the months of September til March. With the capacity for over 3500 fans, the stadium becomes a focal point of the downtown areas and will contrast greatly with the silent monks only a few blocks away. Not only does the monastery siting poses obvious issues but now there’s a very profane activity going on only blocks away.

06

St. Louis City Hall

1200 Market Street, St. Louis, MO Designed by Harvey Ellis in the late 1800s, Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna.

Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Nulla justo dolor, scelerisque at hendrerit in, varius quis nunc. Proin interdum magna ut justo sodales eu tincidunt elit vehicula. Proin ullamcorper magna sit amet leo aliquet mattis.

07

26

Code_ANALYSIS Downtown St. Louis, Missouri IBC, ADA, Life Safety

Also included are educational facilities Occupant Load Results: A-2 Assembly: after grade 12 (colleges and universities), Soup Kitchen (600 s.f.)..............3 persons outpatient clinics, and doctors’ offices, Refectory (2000 s.f.)..............133 persons and research laboratories A-3 Assembly: Any assembly area, including a lecture Chapel (2000 s.f.)..................285 persons hall, may fall into Group A and should be Library (3000 s.f.)....................36 persons treated as such Gym (300 s.f.).......................100 persons B Business: Occupancy Load Factors: Occupancy Types: Administration (1750 s.f.).......21 persons Assembly without fixed seating (concenA-2 Assembly: Donation Center (800 s.f.)........9 persons trated)................................................7 net Assembly areas involving serving and R-2 Residential: Assembly without fixed seating (unconcenconsumption of food and drink (may Dormitories (2700 s.f.)............64 persons trated).........................................15 net include alcohol), as in a restaurant or Assembly without fixed seating (standing Required Fire-Resistance Rating (in hours): bar. Loose seating and possible patron space).................................................5 net alcohol impairment are key factors in this Construction Type IIA Business areas.............................100 gross group Primary Structural Frame Commercial Kitchen....................200 gross A-3 Assembly: (see Table 601, footnote g)...........1 hour Dormitories...................................50 gross Other assembly groups that don’t fit A-1 Bearing Walls (see Table 601, footnote Library (stack area).....................100 gross or A-2. May include houses of worship g & f)

(reading rooms)...................50 net B Business: Exterior Accessory storage, mechanical, and equipMost office buildings fall into this (see Table 602 & 704.10).......1 hour ment rooms........................300 gross category, including their storage areas Interior.....................................1 hour (unless they exceed the amount of Nonbearing Walls hazardous materials allowable, in which (requirements for nonbearings exterior case they become Use Group H) Overall Occupancy Type: R-2 Residential: Permanent dwellings (sleeping in units for more than 30 days) with more than two units. May include apartments, dormitories, and longer term boarding houses

27 Monastery Occupancy Groups:

Building Height: Type IIA - Fire-Rated R-2 Occupancy 65ft/4 floors/2400 s.f. per floor

A-3 - Assembly: Chapel, Library, & Gym

B - Business: Administration & Donation Center

28

walls and interior partitions are noted in 602 and Table 602) Floor Constrution.....................1 hour Roof Construction....................1 hour Secondary Members (see 202).............................1b,c hour

if the building height of each building and the aggregate building of the buildings are within the limitations of Table 503 as modified by Section 504 and 506. The provisions of this code applicable to the aggregate building shall be applicable to each building

Construction Type and Fire Resistance: Type IIA or IIB: Noncombustible materials: Section 504 Building Height: All building elements as listed in IBC 504.1 General: Table 601 (structural frame, interior The building height permitted by Table and exterior bearing walls, interior 503 shall be increased in accordance and exterior non-bearing walls, floor with Sections 504.2 and 504.3. construction, and roof construction) are Exception: The building height of oneof noncombustible materials. Type IIB story aircraft hangers, aircraft paint construction is not required to be firehangers, and buildings used for the resistance rated. manufacturing of aircraft shall not be limited if the building is provided with an Section 503 General Building Heights and automatic sprinkler system or automatic Area Limitations: fire=exits in accordance with Chapter 503.1 General: 9 and its entirely surrounded by public The building height and area shall ways or yards not less in width than one nto exceed the limits specified in Table and one-half times the building height 503 based on the type as determined 504.2 Automatic sprinkler system increase:

by Section 602 and the occupancies as Where a building is equipped throughout determined by Section 302 except as with an approved automatic sprinkler modified hereafter with the building system in accordance with Section separated by one or more fire walls 903.3.1.1, the value specified in Table complying with Section 706 shall be 503 for maximum building height 20 feet considered to be a separate building and the maximum number of stories is 503.1.2 Builidings on same lot: increased by one. These increases are Two or more buildings on the same lot permitted in addition.. area increase shall be regulated as separate buildings in accordance with Sections 506.2 and and considered as portions of one building 506.3. For Group R buildings equipped

throughout with automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2, the value specificed in Table 503 for maximum height is increased by 20 feet and the maximum number of stories is increased by one, but shall not exceed 60 feet or four stories, respectively.

Exception: The use of an automatic sprinkler system...building heights shall not be permitted for the following conditions: 1. Buildings, or portions of buildings, classified as a Group I-2 occupancy of Type IIB, III, IV or V construction 2. Buildings, or portions of buildings, classified as a Group H-1, H-2, H-3, or H-5 occupancy.

3. Buildings where an automatic sprinkler system is substitued for fire-resistance rated construction in accordance with Table 601.

504.3 Roof structures: Towers, spires, steeples and other roof structures shall be constructed of materials consistent with the required type of construction of the building except where other construction is permitted

by Section 1059.2.5. Such structures are used for habitation or storage. The structures shall be unlimited in height if of noncombustible materials and shall be more than 20 feet above the allowable

29

building height if of combustible materials (see Chapter 15 for requirements) Section 602 Construction Classification: 602.1.1 Minimum requirements: A building or portion thereof shall not be required to conform to the details of a type of construction rather than that type which meets the minimum requirements based on occupancy even though certain features of such actually conform to a higher type of construction 602.2 Types I and II: Types I and II construction are those types of construction in which the building elements listed in Table 601 are of noncombustible materials, except as permitted in Section 603 and elsewhere in this code 602.3 Types III: Type III construction is that type of construction in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible materials and building elements are of any material permitted by this code. Fire-retardenttreated wood framing complying with Section 2303.2 shall be permitted withing exterior walls assemblies of a 2-hour rating or less 602.4 Types IV: Types IV construction (Heavy Timber, HT) is that type of construction in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible materials and the interior building

elements are of solid or laminated wood adjacent floor finish materials without concealed spaces. The details 1003.7 Elevators, escalators, and moving of construction shall comply with the walks: provisions of this section. Fire-retardentElevators, escalators, and moving walks treated wood framing complying with shall not be used as part of the required Section 2303.2 shall be permitted means of egress from any part of the within exterior wall assemblies with a building 2-hour rating or less. Minimum solid sawn nominal lumber are required for Section 1005 Means of Egress Sizing: structures built using Type IV construction 1005.2 Minimum width based on (HT). For glued-laminated members component: the equivalent net width and depths The minimum width, in inches, of any corresponding to the minimum nominal means of egress not to be less than that width and depths of solid sawn lumber specified for such component, elsewhere are required as specifiec in Section 602.4 in this code 1005.3 Required capacity based on Section 1003 General Means of Egress: occupant load: 1003.2 Ceiling height: The required capacity, in inches, of the The means of egress shall have a ceiling means of egress area, space or story height of no less than 7 feet 6 inches shall not be less than that determined in 1003.3.4 Clear width: accordance with Sections 1005.3.1 and Protruding objects shall not reduce the 1005.3.2 minimum clear width of accessible routes 1005.3.1 Stairways 1003.5 Elevation change: The capacity, in inches, of means of Where changes in elevation of less egress stairways shall be calculated by than 12 inches exist in the means of multiplying the occupant load served egress..faces shall be used. Where the by such stairway by a means of egress slope is greater than one unit vertical capacity factor of 0.3 inch per occupant. in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope), Where stairways serve more than one ramps complying with Section 1010 story, only the occupant load of each shall be used. Where the difference in story considered individually shall be elevation is 6 inches or less, the ramp used in calculating the load of the shall be equiped with either handrails or stairways serving that story floor finish materials that contrast with 1005.5 Distribution of egress capacity

30

Where more than one exit, or access to more than one exit, is ...egress shall be configured such that the loss of any one exit, or access to the exit, shall not reduce the available capacity to less than 50 percent of the required capacity 1005.7.1 Doors Doors, when fully opened, shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches. Doors in any position shall not reduce the required width by more than one-half.

Section 1007 Accessible Means of Egress: 1007.3 Stairways: In order to be considered part of an accessible means of egress, a stairway between stories shall have a clear width of 48 inches minimum between handrails and shall either incorporate an area of refuge within an enlarged floor-level landing or shall be accessed from either an area of refuge complying with Section 1007.6 or shall access stairways that connect levels in the same story are not permitted as part an accessible means of egress.

1007.6 Areas of refuge: Every required area of refuge shall be accessible from the space it serves by an accessible means of egress. The maximum travel distance from any accessible space to an area of refuge shall not exceed the travel distance permitted by occupancy

in accordance with Section 1016.1. Every Required area of assisted rescue shall required area of refuge shall have direct comply with Sections 1007.7.3 through access to a stairway complying with 1007.7.6 and shall be provided with Section 1007.3 or an elevator complying a two-way communication system with Section 1007.4. Where an elevator complying with Sections 1007.8.1 and lobby is used as an area of refuge, the 1007.8.2 lobby shall comply with Section 1022.10 1007.7.6 Stairway: for smokeproof enclosures except where Stairways that are part of the means of the elevators are in an area of refuge egress for the exterior area for assisted formed by a horizontal exit or smoke rescue shall provide a clear space of 48 barrier. inches between handrails.

1007.6.1 Size: Each area of refuge shall be sized to Section 1008 Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles: accommodate one wheelchair space 1008.1.1 Size of doors: of 30 inches by 48 inches or each 200 The minimum width of each door occupants or portion thereof, based opening shall be sufficient for the on occupant load of the area of refuge occupant load thereof and shall provide and areas served by the area of refuge. a clear width of 32 inches. Clear openings Such wheelchair spaces shall not reduce of doorways with swinging doors shall the required means of egress width. be measured between the face of the Access to any of the required wheelchair door and the stop, with the door open spaces in an area of refuge shall not be 90 degrees. Where this section requires obstructed by more than one adjoining a minimum clear width of 32 inches and wheelchair space door opening includes two door leaves 1007.7.2 Outdoor facilities: without a mullion, one leaf shall provide Where exit access from the area serving a clear opening width of 32 inches. outdoor facilities is essentially open to the outside, an externally assisted rescue Section 1009 Stairways: is permitted as an alternative to an area 1009.2 Interior exit stairways: of refuge. Every required exterior area of Interior exit stairways shall lead directly assisted rescue shall have access to an to the exterior of the building or shall be interior exit stairway, exterior stairway, extended to the exterior of the building or elevator serving as an accessible with an exit passageway conforming to means of egress component. the requirements of Section 1023.

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1009.4 Width: The minimum width of a means of egress Three exits or exit access doorways The width of stairways shall be ramp shall not be less than required for shall be provided from any space with an determined as specified in Section corridors by Section 1018.2. The clear occupant load of 501 to 1,000. Four exits 1005.1, but such width shall not be less width of a ramp between handrails, if or exit access doorways shall be provided than 44 inches. See Section 1007.3 for provided, or other permissible projections from any space with an occupant load accessible means of egress stairways. shall be 36 inches minimum. greater than 1,000.

1009.7.2 Riser height and tread depth: 1010.7.3 Length: 1015.2 Exit or exit access doorway Stair riser heights shall be 7 inches The landing length shall be 60 inches arrangement: maximum and 4 inches minimum. The minimum.

Required exits shall be located in a riser height shall be measured vertically manner that makes their availablity between the nosings of adjacent treads. Section 1012 Handrails: obvious. Exits shall be unobstructed at all Rectangular tread depths shall be 11 1012.2 Height: times. Exit and exit access doorways shall inches minimum measured horizontally Handrail height, measured above stair be arranged in accordance with Sections between the vertical planes of the tread nosings, or finish surface of ramp 1015.2.1 and 1015.2.2. foremost projection of adjacent treads slope, shall be uniform, not less than 1015.2.1 Two exits or exit access doorways: and at a right angle of the foremost 34 inches and not more than 38 inches.

Where two exits or exit access projection of adjacent treads at the Handrail height of alternating tread doorways are required from any portion intersections with the walkline and devices and ship ladders, measured of the exit access, the exit doors or minimum tread depth of 10 inches within above tread nosings, shall be uniform, exit access doorways shall be placed the clear width of the stair. not less than 30 inches and not more a distance equal to not less than onethan 34 inches. half the length of the maximum overall Section 1010 Ramps: diagonal dimension of the building or 1010.3 Slope: Section 1014 Exit Access: area to be served measured in a straight Ramps used as part of a means of 1014.3 Common path of egress travel: line between exit doors or exit access egress shall have a running slope not The common path of egress travel shall doorways. Interlocking or scissor stairs steeper than one unit vertical in 12 units not exceed the common path of egress shall be counted as one exit stairway. horizontal (8-percent slope). The slope travel distances in Table 1014.3. of other pedestrian ramps shall not be Occupancy: With sprinkler system: Section 1016 Exit Access Travel Distance: steeper than one unit vertical in eight

B,S 100 feet 1016.1 General: units horizontal (12.5-percent slope).

R-2 125 feet Travel distance within the exit access 1010.5 Vertical rise: portion of the means of egress system The rise of any ramp shall be 30 inches Section 1015 Exit and Exit Access Doorways: shall be in accordance with this section. maximum.

1015.1.1 Three or more exits access 1016.2 Limitations: 1010.6.1 Width: doorways: Exit access travel distance shall not

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exceed the values given in Table 1016.2. measurement along stairways shall be summed and then rounded up to the next 1016.2.1 Exterior egress balcony increase: made on a plane parallel and tangent to whole number.

Exit access travel distances specificed the stair tread nosings in the center of inTable 1016.2 shall be increased up the stair and landings. The measruement to an additional 100 feet provided the along ramps shall be made on the last portion of the exit access leading walking surface in the center of the ramp to the exit occurs on an exterior egress and landings. balcony constructed in accordance with Section 1019. The length of such balcony Section 2902 Minimum Plumbing Facilities: shall not be less than the amount of the 2902.1 Minimum number of facilities: increase taken.

Plumbing fixtures shall be provided 1016.3 Measurement: for the type of occupancy and in the Exit access travel distance shall be minimum number shown in Table 2902.1. measured from the most remote point Types of occupancies not shown in Table within a story along the natural and 2092.1 shall be considered individually unobstructed path of horizontal and by the building official. The number of vertical egress travel to the entrance to occupants shall be determined by this 215 Fire Alarm Systems: 215.2 Public and Common Use Areas: an exit. code. Occupancy classifcation shall be Alarms in public use areas and common Exceptions: determined in accordance with Chapter use areas shall comply with 702.

1. In open parking garages, exit 3.

215.3 Employee Work Areas: access travel distance is permitted 2092.1.1 Fixture calculations: When employee work areas have audible to be measured to the closest riser To determine the occupant load of alarm coverage, the wiring system of an exit access stairway or the each sex, the total occupant load shall shall be designed so that visible alarm closest slope of an exit access ramp. be divided in half. To determine the complying with 702 can be integrated 2. In outdoor faciliites with open required number of fixtures, the fixture into the alarm system exit access components, exit access ratio or ratios for each fixture type 215.4 Transient Lodging: travel distance is permitted to be shall be applied to the occupant load Guest rooms required to comply with measured to the closest riser of an of each sex in accordance with Table 224.4 shall provide alarms complying exit access stairway or the closest 2902.1. Fractional numbers resulting with 702 slope of an exit access ramp. from applying the fixture ratios of Table 215.5 Residential Facilities: 1016.3.1 Exit access stairways and ramps: 2902.1 shall be rounded up to the next Where provided in residential dwelling Travel distance on exit access stairways whole number. For calculations involving units required to comply with 809.5, or ramps shall be included in the exit mulitple occupancies, such fractional alarms shall comply with 702. access travel distance measurement. The numbers for each occupancy shall first be

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216 Signs: 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space: 403 Walking Surfaces: 216.2 Designations: 305.3 Size: 403.3 Slope: Interior and exterior signs identifying The clear floor or ground space shall The running slope of walking surfaces permanent rooms and spaces shall be 30 inches minimum by 48 inches shall not be steeper than 1:20. The cross comply with 703.5 when pictograms are minimum slope of walking surfaces shall not be provided in designations of permanent 305.7.1 Forward Approach: steeper than 1:48. interior rooms and spaces; the pictogram Alcoves shall be 36 inches wide minimum 403.5.1 Clear Width: shall comply with 703.6 and shall have where the depth exceeds 24 inches.

Except as provided in 403.5.2 and text description complying with with 305.7.2 Parallel Approach: 403.5.3, the clear width of walking 703.2 and 703.5 Alcoves shall be 60 inches wide minimum surfaces shall be 36 inches minimum. where the depth exceeds 15 inches.

Exception: 221 Assembly Areas: The clear width shall be permitted 221 Wheelchair Spaces: 402 Accessible Routes: to be reduced to 32 inches minimum Wheelchair spaces complying with 221.2 402.2 Components: for a length of 24 inches maximum shall be provided in assembly areas with Accessible routes shall consist of one provided that reduced width segments fixed seating or more of the following components: are separated by segments that are 48 221.2.1 Number and Location: walking surfaces with a running slope inches long minimum and 36 inches wide Wheelchair spaces shall be provided not steeper than 1:20, doorways, minimum complying with 221.2.1 ramps, curb ramps excluding the flared 403.5.2 Clear Width at Turn: sides, elevators, and platform lifts. All Where the accessible route makes a 180 303 Changes in Level: components of an accessible route shall degree turn around an element which 303.2 Vertical: comply with the applicable requirements is less than 48 inches wide, clear width Changes in level of 1/4 inch high of Chapter 4. shall be 42 inches minimum leaving the maximum shall be permitted to be Advisory 402.2 Components. turn. vertical Walking surfaces must have running Exception: 303.3 Beveled: slopes not steeper than 1:20, see 403.3.

Where the clear width at the turn is 60 Changes in level between 1/4 inch high Other components of accessible routes, inches minimum complying with 403.5.2 minimum and 1/2 inch maximum with a such as ramps (405) and curb ramps shall not be required. slope not steeper than 1:2 (406), are permitted to be more steeply 403.5.3 Passing Spaces: 303.4 Ramps: sloped.

An accessible route with a clear width Changes in level greater than 1/2 inch less than 60 inches shall provide passing high shall be ramped, and shall comply spaces at intervals of 200 feet maximum. with 405 or 406 Passing spaces shall be either: a space 60 inches minimum by 60 inches minimum;

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or an intersection of two walking surfaces providing a T-shaped space complying with 304.3.2 where the base complies with 505.

Advisory 403.6 Handrails.

Handrails provided in elevator cabs and platform lifts are not required to comply with the requirements of handrails on walking surfaces.

604 Water Closets and Toilet Compartment: 604.2 Location: The water closet shall be positioned with a wall or partiition to the rear and to one side. The water closet shall be 16 inches minimum to 18 inches maximum from the side wall or partition, except that the water closet shall be 17 inches minimum to 19 inches maximum from the side wall or partition to a ambulatory accessible toilet compartment specified in 604.8.2.

Water closets shall be arranged for a lefthanded approach 604.3.1 Size: Clearance around a water closet shall be 60 inches minimum measured perpendicular... and 56 inches minimum measured perpendicular from the rear wall 604.5.1 Side Wall: The side wall grab bar shall be 42 inches long minimum, located 12 inches from the rear wall and extending 54 inches minimum from the rear wall

604.8.1.1 Size: not swing into the minimum required Wheelchair accessible compartments compartment area. shall be 60 inches wide minimum measured from the side wall, and 56 605 Urinals: inches deep minimum for wall hung water 605.1 General: closets and 59 inches deep for mounted Urinals shall comply with 605. water closets measured perpendicular Advisory 605.1 General. Stall-type to the rear wall. Wheelchair accessible urinals provide greater accessiblity for compartments for children’s use shall a broader range of persons, including be 60 inches wide minimum measured stature perpendicular to the side wall, and 59 605.2 Height and Depth: inches deep for hung and floor mounted Urinals shall be the stall-type or the water closets measured perpendicular to wall-hung type with the rim 17 inches the rear wall from the floor or ground. Urinals shall be 604.8.1.2 Doors: 13 1/2 inches deep minimum measured Toilet compartment doors, including from the outer face of the urinal back of door hardware, shall comply with the fixture 404 except that if the latch side of the 605.3 Clear Floor Space: compartment door, clearance between A clear floor or ground space complying the door side of the compartment and with 305 positioned for forward approach any obstruction...minimum.

Doors shall be provided shall be located in the front partition 605.4 Flush Controls: or in the side wall or partition farthest Flush controls shall be hand operated from the water closet. Where located or automatic. Hand operated flush in the front partition, the door opening operations shall be 4 inches maximum from the side wall or partition farthest from the 606 Lavatories and Sinks: water closet. Where located in the side 605.1 Floor Space: wall or partition, the door opening shall A clear floor space complying with 305, be 4 inches maximum from the front positioned for a forward approach and partition. The door shall be self closing. knee and toe clearance with 306 shall be A door pull complying with 404.2.7 shall provided be placed on both sides of the door near Exceptions: the latch. Toilet compartment doors shall 1. A parallel approach complying with

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305 shall be permitted to a kitchen 7. No more than one bowl of a multi bowl space shall be... deep minimum. Where sink in a space where a cook top or sink shall be required to provide knee a wheelchair space can be entered only convential range is not provided and to and toe clearance complying with 306 from the side, the wheelchair space shall wet bars 606.3 Height: 60 inches deep minimum 2. A lavatory in a toilet rooom or bathing Lavatories and sinks shall be installed facility for a single occupant accessed with the front of the higher of the rim 804 Kitchens and Kitchenettes: only through a private office and or counter surface 34 inches maximum 804.2.1 Pass Through Kitchen: not for common public use shall not above the finish floor or ground.

In pass through kitchens where counters, be required to provide knee and toe Exceptions: appliances or cabinets are on two sides clearance complying with 306 1. A lavatory in a toilet or bathing wehre counters, appliances or cabinets 3. In residential dwelling units, cabinetry facility for a single occupant accessed are opposite a parallel wall, clearance shall be permitted under lavatories and only through a private office and not between all opposing base cabinets, kitchens sinks provided that all of the for common use or public use shall not appliances, or walls within kitchen work following are met: be required to comply with 606.3 areas shall be 40 inches minimum. Pass • the cabinetry can be removed 2. In residential dwelling unit kitchens, through kitchens shall have two entries. without removal or replacement sinks that are adjustable to variable 804.2.2 U-Shaped: of the fixture; the floor extends heights, 29 inches minimum to 36 In U-shaped kitchens enclosed on three under the cabinetry; and ...behind inches maximum, shall be permitted contiguous sides, clearance between all and surrounding the cabinetry are where rough-in plumbing permits opposing counter tops, appliances, or finished connections of supply and drain pipes walls within kitchen work areas shall be 4. A knee clearance of 24 inches minimum for sinks mounted at the height of 29 60 inches minimum above the finish floor or ground shall inches 804.3 Kitchen Work Surface: be permitted at lavatories and sinks In residential dwelling units required used primarily by children 6 through 12 802 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, to comply with 809, at least one 30 inch years years where the rim or counter and Designated Aisle Seats: minimum section of counter shall provide surface is 31 inches maximum above 802.1.2 Width: a kitchen work surface that complies the finish floor or ground.

A single wheelchair space shall be with 804.3 5. A parallel approach complying with 36 inches wide minimum where two 804.3.2 Height: 305 shall be permitted to lavatories adjacent seats are provided, each The kitchen work surface shall be 34 and sinks used primarily by children 5 wheelchair space shall be 33 inches wide inches maximum above the finish floor years and under minimum or ground surface 6. The dip of the overflow shall not be 802.1.2 Depth: 804.5 Storage: considered in determining knee and Where a wheelchair space can be entered At least 50 percent of shelf space in toe clearances from the front or rear, the wheelchair storage facilities shall comply with 811

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804.6.3 Dishwasher: Clear floor or ground space shall be positioned adjacent to the dishwasher door. The dishwasher door, in the open position, shall not obstruct the clear floor or ground space for the dishwasher or the sink 804.6.4 Range or Cooktop: Where a forward approach is provided, the clear floor or ground space shall provide clearance complying with 306.

Where the knee and toe space is provided, the underside of the range or cook top shall otherwise configured to prevent burn...electrical shock. The location of controls shall not require reaching across burners.

804.6.6 Refrigerator/Freezer: Combination refrigerators and freezers shall have at least 50 percent of the freezer space 54 inches maximum above the finish floor or ground. The clear floor or ground space shall be positioned for a parallel approach dedicated to a refrigerator/freezer with the centerline of the clear floor or ground space offset 24 inches from the centerline of the dedicated space 811 Storage: 811.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space: A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided.

811.3 Height:

Storage elements shall comply with at least one of the reach ranges specified in 308.

811.4 Operable Parts: Operable parts shall comply with 309.

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Zoning Ordinances Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

volumne of said reference prism of two hundred feet height.

26.52.050: Area regulations: There shall be a lot area of not less than 26.52.040: two hundred and fifty square feet for Height regulations: each dwelling unit up to and including Buildings may be erected to such height eight stories or one hundred feet in that the cubic contents of said building height; thereafter there shall be provided above the established grade shall not a lot area of not less than one hundred exceed the volume of a prism having a square feet for each additional dwelling base equal to the projected horizontal unit above eight stories or one hundred area of the building and a height of two feet in height. Sleeping rooms without hundred feet. In the case of buildings cooking facilities shall have a lot area of occupying a lot having frontage on not less than one hundred square feet intersecting streets and which buildings each. are so designed as to provide a setback or open space at one corner or corners where such street intersections occur, or when such setback begins below the two hundred foot height above the established grade, the volume determined by the above rule may be exceeded by an amount equal to the volumne so taken out of the reference prism of two hundred feet height; provided, however, that the total volume of the actual building shall not exceed by more than twenty-five percent of the Zoning Type: Central Business District Land Use Type: Specialty Mixed Use

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NFPA: Life Safety Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

Section 9.2 Heating, Ventilating, and Airapproved existing installations, which Conditioning: shall be permitted to be continued in 9.2.1 Air-Conditioning, Heating, Ventilating service.

Ductwork, and Related Equipment: 9.2.3 Commercial Cooking Equipment: Airconditioning, heating, ventilating Commercial cooking equipment shall be ductwork, and related equipment shall be accordance with NFPA 96, Standard for in accordance with NFPA 90A, Standard Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of for the Installation of Air-Conditioning Commercial Cooking Operations, unless and Ventilating Systems, or NFPA 90B, such installations are approved existing Standard for the Installation of Warm Air installations, which shall be permitted to Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems, as be continued in service. applicable, unless such installations are approved existing installations, which Section 12.1 General Requirements: shall be permitted to be continued in 12.1.6 Minimum Construction service.

Requirements: 9.2.2 Ventilating or Heat-Producing Assembly occupancies shall be limited Equipment: to the building construction types Ventilating or heat-producing specified in Table 12.1.6, based on the equipment shall be in accordance with number of stories in height as defined in NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems 4.6.3, unless otherwise permitted by the for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, following (see 8.2.1) Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate 1. This requirement shall not apply to Solids; NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, outdoor grandstands of Type I or Type II Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning construction.

Applicances; NFPA 31, Standard for the 2. This requirement shall not apply to Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment; outdoor NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code; or NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, as applicable, unless such installations are

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40

ADA (Americans with Disabilities) Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

Ramps: 405.2 Slope: • Steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8 • Maximum Rise: 3 inches • Steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10 • Maximum Rise: 6 inches 405.5 Clear Width • The clear width of a ramp run and, where the handrails are provided, the clear width between handrails shall be 36 inches minimum 405.6 Rise • The rise for any ramp run shall be 30 inches maximum 405.7 Landings • Ramps shall have landings at the top and the bottom of each ramp run.

• A level landing is needed at the accessible door to permit maneuvering and simultaneously door operation • The landing width shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run leading to the landing • Length: The landing clear length shall be 60 inches long minimum • Change in direction: ramps that

change direction between runs at landings shall have a clear landing 60 inches minimum by 60 inches minimum • Handrails: Ramps runs with a rise greater than 6 inches shall have handrails Handrails: 505.1 General • Handrails are not required on walking surfaces with running slopes less than 1:20 505.4 Height

• Top of gripping surfaces of handrails shall be 34 inches minimum and 38 inches maximum vertically above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces

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505.5 Clearance • Clearance between handrail gripping surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall be 1 ½ inches minimum

505.7 Cross Section • Circular Cross Section: Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall have an outside diameter of 1 ¼ inches minimum and 2 inches maximum • Non-Circular Cross Section: Handrail gripping surfaces with a non-circular cross section shall have a perimeter dimension of 4 inches minimum and 6 ¼ inches maximum, and a crosssection dimension of 2 ¼ inches maximum

Stairways: 504.2 Treads and Risers • All steps on a flight of stairs shall have uniform riser heights and uniform tread depths. Risers shall be 4 inches high minimum and 7 inches high maximum. Treads shall be 11 inches deep minimum 504.5 Nosings

Kitchens and Kitchenettes 804.2 Clearance • Pass Through Kitchens • Pass through kitchens shall have two entries

• U-Shaped Kitchens

804.3 Kitchen Work Surface • Height: The kitchen work surface shall be 34 inches maximum above the finish floor or ground

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Doors 404.2.3 Clear Width • Door openings shall provide a clear width of 32 inches minimum. Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees. Openings more than 24 inches deep shall provide a clear opening of 36 inches minimum.

404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances Type of Use Minimum Maneuvering Clearance Approach Door or Gate Perpendicular to Parallel to Doorway (beyond Direction Side Doorway latch side unless noted) From front Pull 60 inches (1525 mm) 18 inches (455 mm) From front Push 48 inches (1220 mm) 0 inches (0 mm) 1 From hinge side Pull 60 inches (1525 mm) 36 inches (915 mm) From hinge side Pull 54 inches (1370 mm) 42 inches (1065 mm) From hinge side Push 42 inches (1065 mm) 2 22 inches (560 mm) 3 From latch side Pull 48 inches (1220 mm) 4 24 inches (610 mm) From latch side Push 42 inches (1065 mm) 4 24 inches (610 mm) 1. Add 12 inches (305 mm) if closer and latch are provided.

2. Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer and latch are provided.

3. Beyond hinge side.

4. Add 6 inches (150 mm) if closer is provided. Â

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44

Program_ANALYSIS Hunger in St. Louis

Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales.

Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales.

Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

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46

Homelessness in St. Louis Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales.

Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales.

Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

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48

Benedictine Monastic Life Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales.

Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales.

Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

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Daily Schedule 5:00 a.m.

5:55 a.m.

6:30 a.m.

7:00 a.m.

7:45 a.m.

10:25 a.m.

11:05 a.m.

11:45 a.m.

12:25 p.m.

Rise/lectio/private prayer, Professed rise proceed to the choir, and recite private prayers Early breakfast available until 6:25 a.m.

Morning Prayer, Celebration of Matins (Divine Office, Office of Our Lady) Breakfast (silent) Classes (library, meeting room)/work (janitorial, gardening, kitchen, donation center, etc.)

Lectio/recollection Soup Kitchen_Seating 1 Soup Kitchen_Seating 2 Soup Kitchen_Seating 3

50 6000 ft

Cloister

2

ft2

Chapel

ft2

ft2 Chapel

0 ft

200

2

800 ft 2

Soup Kitchen

Monastery Admin

1750

2000

2700

Monk Cells

ft2 Library

Library

3000

500 ft 2

600

300 ft 2

100

ft2

GA TE 00 15,2

ft2

ft2

300

WA YM AL

ft2

L

51

52

Case_STUDIES Monastery of Our Lady of Novy Dvur Czech Republic Cistercian Monastery Architect: John Pawson Location: Novy Dvur, Bohemia Construction Time: 1999-2004 Number of Monks: 35

John Pawson, the father of modern architectural minimalism, was chosen by the abbot of Our Lady of Novy Dvur to design their new monastery. The project is in a small town in the Czech Republic and involved renovated a baroque manor while also including new structures for this monk community.

John approached the many challenges of the project with the idea that a monastery is essentially a series of domestic spaces with a number of specialized territories which are not part of a typical family house. This strategies can be seen throughout the complex by his raising the dormitories above the more practical spaces.

53 Program Elements: 1. Chancel 2. Monk’s Choir 3. Lay People 4. Cloister Portico 5. Sacristy 6. Chapter House 7. Scriptorium

5

8. Cowl Room 9. Kitchen 10. Refectory 11. Chapel 12. Courtyard

8

7

6

1 9 2

01 Concept Diagram: This sketch by Pawson shows his strategy for integrated his new design with the renovated estate

12

4

3

4

10

12 11 02

03

4 4

4

Site plan, scale 1:4000

Site Plan: This drawing reveals how the site functions as a whole and the spatial sequence Black one would havebetween to 1. Roof silicone joints adjacent panes. encounter upon arrival Titanium-zinc sheet 0.7 mm thick. to this site 65 40 3 mm concealed drained aluminium Bituminous isolating layer.

18 mm WBP plywood.

Ventilated cold roof void.

sill channel.

60 24 mm steel channel to pack frame up off concrete plinth.

First Floorplan: With the layout of this image, Pawson utilized the classic idea of having all the spaces be set off from the cloister

54 Chapel: This image shows the monks during mass and how the essence of the space elevates the spiritual experience of the chapel.

04

Cloister: In this image, we can see how John structure to eliminate the colonnade often seen in cloisters. This tectonic approach gives the appearance of the awning floating above the monks as they proceed throughout the complex.

05

55 Section Through South Wing: This section reveals how the baroque manor house was reconstructed to incorporate important elements of the monastery.

1

2

Dormitory cells

4

3

Cloister

Refectory

06

5

07

8 7

Key: Section Through East Wing: This section shows how Pawson organizes the spaces and uses proportion and light to give certain qualities to the various spaces.

1. Roof 2. Roof Structure 3. Cloister Ceiling 4. External Wall 5. Continuous Window 6. Floor 7. Seat 8. Trough

6

9

Section though cloister

08

56

Case_STUDIES Saint John’s Abbey American Benedictine Monastery

Architect: Marcel Breuer + Pier Luigi Nervi Location: Collegeville, Minnesota Construction Time: 1953-1961 Number of Monks: 153

With the design of Saint John’s Abbey on the St. John’s University campus, Marcel Breuer brings his own principles of modern architecture and how that relates to qualities of mystery and power that have inspired Catholic architecture and liturgy for centuries. The result of this compromise is a church that looks back at the history of Benedictine architecture and attempts to translate the history for new generations of monks and laypeople.

Each piece of the church is Breuer’s interpretation of well-known Catholic symbols such as the bell tower, stained glass, and the altar.

WIth Breuer’s structural complexity, the church uses forms that eliminate the distinction between structure and enclosure. The folded walls acts as both the structure and the enclosure system. This execution was innovative during a time when religious architecture hadn’t been challenged to conceive of sacred space before

57

Monastery Floorplan: This diagram shows the separation of spaces and how Breuer re-emphasized the congregation by focusing on the centrality of the plan

02

St. John’s University Campus plan: This image shaws the several contributions by Marcel Breuer in the design of the campus over a few decades

01

58 Chapel: This image shows the interior of the monastery and reveals how Breuer uses the structure as enclosure and the entire space is free of any obstructions.

03

Cloister: From this view, we can gather how Breuer uses concrete to create dramatic spaces that challenge preconceptions of religious spaces at the time.

04

59

Light Streaming through Monastery’s stained glass facade: In this image, we can see how the architecture lays out the atlar space and the placement of the congregation in relation to it.

Light Streaming through Monastery’s stained glass facade: Here, the stained glass window seen in traditional Catholic churches is given a modern twist with the modularity of the honeycomb facade.

05

60

Phase_02 01

Schematic Design:

Research, Analysis, Concept Development Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Nulla justo dolor, scelerisque at hendrerit in, varius quis nunc. Proin interdum magna ut justo sodales eu tincidunt elit vehicula.

Proin ullamcorper magna sit amet leo aliquet mattis. Quisque nec ipsum vel arcu lobortis consectetur.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

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Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin.

02

03

04

61

05 Downtown St. Louis siteplan: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

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07

06

Aerial view of the Gateway Mall: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Iid magna.

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Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan. Nulla justo dolor, scelerisque at hendrerit in, varius quis nunc.

Proin interdum magna ut justo sodales eu tincidunt elit vehicula.

Proin ullamcorper magna sit amet leo aliquet mattis. Quisque nec ipsum vel arcu lobortis consectetur.

62

Poster_Design A cohesive set of 11� x 17� posters to visually explore and represent ideas about concept, materiality, structure, and suface.

Concept Poster Urban Transient Refuge

St. Louis is located at the confluence of the Mississippi River and the Missouri RIver, while also being close to the geographic center of the United States. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus.

Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

63

Material Palette Poster

Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

St. Louis is located at the confluence of the Mississippi River and the Missouri RIver, while also being close to the geographic center of the United States. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus.

Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

64

Structure Poster

Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen St. Louis is located at the confluence of the Mississippi River and the Missouri RIver, while also being close to the geographic center of the United States. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus.

Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

65

balanced

Surface Poster

Balanced Articulation

articulation

St. Louis is located at the confluence of the Mississippi River and the Missouri RIver, while also being close to the geographic center of the United States. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus.

Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

66

Preliminary_Building Design Schematic Design Development Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales.

Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

67

68

Iteration_01 Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

69

First Floor

First Floor

Second Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor First Floor

Third Floor

70

Roof Plan

Scale: 1”=1/32”

Iteration_02 Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

Second Floorplan Scale: 1”=1/32”

2

4

3 1

3 3

1. Library 2. Meeting Area 3. Office 4. Administration Area/Storage 5. Chapel

Site Plan

5

Roof Plan

Scale: 1”=1/32”

Scale: 1”=1/64”

First Floorplan Scale: 1”=1/32”

1

1. Soup Kitchen 2. Refectory 3. Donation Center 4. Chapel

2

4 3

71 Second Floorplan Scale: 1”=1/32”

2

4

Fourth Floorplan Scale: 1”=1/32”

3 1

3 1

3

1. Library 2. Meeting Area 3. Office 4. Administration Area/Storage 5. Chapel

5

1. Monk Cells/ Bathrooms/ Gym

First Floorplan Scale: 1”=1/32”

1

2

Third Floorplan Scale: 1”=1/32”

2 1. Soup Kitchen 2. Refectory 3. Donation Center 4. Chapel

4 3

1

3

1. Library 2. Monk Cells/ Bathrooms/ Laundry Room 3. Cloister/Garden

Fourth Floorplan Scale: 1”=1/32”

1

1. Monk Cells/ Bathrooms/ Gym

Third Floorplan Scale: 1”=1/32”

72

Iteration_03 Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

73

74

Midterm_Review Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

-

-

6

-

A101

---

5 A101

7 A101

75

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

76

77

78

Final_Review Final Design Resolution Benedictine Monastery/Soup Kitchen

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis.

Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales.

Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

79

26

80

'0" ' 27

" -0

1.

2.

3.

3.

4.

5.

6.

9.

7.

8.

First Floorplan Scale: 1/16”=1’-0” St. Louis Urban Monastery 1. Abbot’s Office 2. Meeting Room 3. Office 4. Visitor’s Waiting Room 5. Storage 6. Mechanical Room

7. Donation Center 8. Sanctuary 9. Sacristy 10. Vestiary

10.

81

1.

1.

5.

6.

5.

4.

6.

2.

6.

5.

3.

4.

6.

5.

6.

2.

5.

3.

5.

6.

Second Floorplan Scale: 1/16”=1’-0” St. Louis Urban Monastery Second Floorplan 1. Refectory 2. Soup Kitchen 3. Office 4. Monk Cell 5. Storage 6. Restroom

Scale: 1/16”=1’-0” St. Louis Urban Monastery 1. Refectory 2. Soup Kitchen 3. Office 4. Monk Cell 5. Storage 6. Restroom

82

1.

1.

2.

3.

2.

3.

2.

4.

5.

3.

6.

Third Floorplan Scale: 1/16”=1’-0”

Third Floorplan Scale: 1/16”=1’-0”

St. Louis Urban Monastery

St. Louis Urban Monastery

1. Library 2. Cloister 3. Soup Kitchen Garden 4. Monk Cell 5. Storage 6. Restroom

1. Library 2. Cloister 3. Soup Kitchen Garden 4. Monk Cell 5. Storage 6. Restroom 1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

4.

4.

6.

4.

5.

7.

Fourth Floorplan Scale: 1/16”=1’-0”

Fourth Floorplan Scale: 1/16”=1’-0”

St. Louis Urban Monastery

St. Louis Urban Monastery

1. Library 2. Gym 3. Laundry Room 4. Soup Kitchen Garden 5. Cloister 6. Storage 7. Monk Cell

1. Library 2. Gym 3. Laundry Room 4. Soup Kitchen Garden 5. Cloister 6. Storage 7. Monk Cell

83

84

Building Egress Diagram [fire escape route, elevator shaft, exit to outdoor, fire stair core]

Elevator Shaft

Fire Escape Route

Fire Stair Core

Exit to Outdoor

Level 04

Level 03

Level 02

North t.

7th S

h St.

North 7t

Level 01 Market St.

Building Mechanical Diagram [mechanical room, vav box, shaft, cooler units]

Air Supply

Mechanical Room Shaft

Vav Box

VAV

Air Return

VAV

VAV

Level 04

VAV VAV

Level 03

VAV

VAV

VAV

Level 02

VAV

VAV

Level 01

85

86

T.O. FF Roof 77' - 6"

T.O. FF Fourth Floor 65' - 3"

T.O. FF Third Floor 53' - 0"

T.O. FF Second Floor 40' - 9"

T.O. FF Ground Floor 28' - 6"

North Elevation Scale: 1/16”=1’-0”

87

T.O. FF Roof 77' - 6"

T.O. FF Fourth Floor 65' - 3"

T.O. FF Third Floor 53' - 0"

T.O. FF Second Floor 40' - 9"

T.O. FF Ground Floor 28' - 6"

West Elevation Scale: 1/16”=1’-0”

88

T.O. FF Roof 77' - 6"

T.O. FF Fourth Floor 65' - 3"

T.O. FF Third Floor 53' - 0"

T.O. FF Second Floor 40' - 9"

T.O. FF Ground Floor 28' - 6"

South Elevation Scale: 1/16”=1’-0”

89

T.O. FF Roof 77' - 6"

T.O. FF Fourth Floor 65' - 3"

T.O. FF Third Floor 53' - 0"

T.O. FF Second Floor 40' - 9"

T.O. FF Ground Floor 28' - 6"

East Elevation Scale: 1/16”=1’-0”

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

Citations Images/Text

Images

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis. Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales. Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

97

Text

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Mauris pulvinar iaculis enim et venenatis. Sed rutrum dignissim metus non blandit. In lacinia feugiat metus id placerat. Curabitur eleifend laoreet dui nec pharetra. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce commodo metus at enim tincidunt condimentum facilisis justo sodales. Pellentesque auctor viverra est, ut placerat turpis dictum vitae. Donec accumsan lobortis sollicitudin. Ut pellentesque fermentum vulputate. Donec imperdiet lacus a mauris volutpat interdum at a mi. Duis id augue mauris, et luctus urna.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam a dui vel orci interdum feugiat. Ut suscipit est risus. Integer euismod, sem id pellentesque volutpat, ante nunc sollicitudin felis, volutpat dignissim magna dui id magna. Aliquam placerat leo quis ante vehicula vitae laoreet neque accumsan.