URBAN DESIGN STUDIO(ARC70109) FINAL DESIGN REPORT AGRITOURISM LEARNING CENTRE IN KAMPUNG BHARU NAME: LOKE ZHI MING STUDENT ID: 0328511 TUTOR: AR. EDWARD CHEW
Filling in the Gap. Bringing to light the Extraordinary Mundane Element of Agriculture”
“Another Element that will Enhance the Identity of Kampung Bharu”
Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction: - Site Introduction - Urban Design Theory
2.0 Site Analysis: -
Demographics Macro Site Analysis Lynchian Elements Hints of an Agriculture Element Project 1B Highlights Takeaway from Project 1B
3.0 Design Process & Approach : -
Project Design Brief and Narrative Precedent Studies Massing Diagrams Structure Axonometric Diagram Programme Approach & Schedule of Accommodation
4.0 Drawings: -
Masterplan Site Plan Floor Plans Elevations Sections Section Details Perspectives
5.0 Others: -
Environmental Considerations Fire Safety Aspect Rainwater Harvesting Approach Sewerage Schematic
Site Introduction
Kampung Bharu: The Tension between Modernization and Rural Character Kampung Bharu is known as an urban heritage site located at the Northern Side of Kuala Lumpur City Centre. Known as an Agricultural settlement site of the Malay community, it consists of 7 sub communities identified as Kampungs. Separated by the Akleh Highway, Kampung Bharu consists if urban forms whose scale remains relatively small compared to those in Kuala Lumpur City Centre. In contrast to the high density development in Kuala Lumpur where highrises dominate the city skyline, Kampung Bharu consists of individual dwellings of much smaller scale, notably existing in forms of 2 to 4 storey Kampung Houses. In more recent years, the site is gradually being developed, and new high density typologies begin to emerge. This has raised concerns where the “Rural Identity” of Kampung Bharu faces certain challenges in its preservation, in a situation where developers tend towards high density city-like development. Furthermore, the question also arises : Can the unique Tourism experience of Kampung Bharu, a “Kampung in the City” experience be preserved as rapid development take place ?
Proposal Site
Urban Theory of Inquiry : The Extraordinary Mundane Dimension in New Urban Tourism Theory By Thomas Frisch, Christoph Sommer, Luise Stoltenberg and Natalie Stors(2019)
Issue in Kampung Bharu, tension between preserving Rural Identity Vs. Modernization and Development
Introduced by Maurice Roche in (1992), New Urbanism Theory was mentioned during his research on large or cultural events happening in large cities. In his writings, ‘micro-modernization’, characterized by local changes were observed in relation to tourism. According to Jude and Fainstein(1999), the possibility for inner-city regeneration via tourism as a strategy was investigated as others drew reference to Roche’s approach. Maitland and Newman(2004) broadened the definition of the term, as they began to study urban zones which were left “undesigned” to attract visitors, but at the same time where tourism appeared to grow naturally. Such kind of tourism revealed insights of real everyday life, of which appealed to urban visitors. Fuller and Michel(2014) asserted that it was such emphasis of everyday life, instead of the “special” festival or events that marked a notable attraction to visitors. The emphasis of such day-to-day rhythms, independent of mega-events(Thomas et all, 2019), eventually leads to The formation of New Urban Tourism Theory. According to Thomas et all(2019), the theory of New Urban Tourism may be explicated and discussed through 3 dimensions, namely: 1. The Extraordinary Mundane, 2. Encounters and Contact Zones 3. Urban Co-Production Dimension 1: The Extraordinary Mundane This first dimension draws its premise that Tourism and Everyday Life are both intrinsically linked, and are not strictly separable domains. Therefore, the interaction between both creates scenarios and moments where everyday life is turned into an attraction. Notably, such conception potentially blurs the boundary between the visitor and the local, alluding to Cohens and Cohen’s(2017) idea, wherein the later suggests an indistinction between ‘local’ and ‘tourist’. Therefore, from an Urban Design Studio Perspective, it remains possible for an agenda to intentionally facilitate such transformation of the mundane activities or elements found on site into and extraordinary event. However, it is notable that examination of practices and perceptions which conjure a city remains relatively indispensable. Both approaches provides useful awareness(Thomas et all, 2019) of otherwise missed opportunities.
The Extra Ordinary Mundanes: Elements that give Kampung Bharu a unique Rural Identity in comparison to Modernized KLCC
Agritourism Learning Centre in Relation to the Extraordinary Mundane The Agritourism Learning Centre from a retrospective viewpoint draws references from Kampung Bharu as an Agricultural Settlement. Through on site observation and experience, Kampung Bharu is known as a place of Food Culture, and certain times an “Archi-tourism” of local Malay Houses. However, within the setting of Kampung Bharu, several times the green spaces or the “Agricultural side” becomes a background. Despite so, the Agricultural traits of the Kampung Bharu can be observed to permeate through even the deeper parts of the village. Such scenes captures the day-to-day elements of an Agricultural Settlement. Therefore, the Agritourism Learning Centre endeavors to capture what appears initially to be the mundane activity of Kampung Bharu and turn it into an “unexpected” or “Extraordinary” Urban Program. This will help to reinforce the identity of Kampung Bharu from its founding as an Agricultural settlement, while enhancing the Rural tourism aspect of Kampung Bharu. This distinguishes Kampung Bharu as a site of experience in comparison to Kuala Lumpur City Centre, as the former captures a kind of Extraordinary Mundane, revealing the daily unpretentious life of local communities. Dimension 2: Encounters and Contact Zones An indispensable premise for New Urban Tourism is the concept of going “off the beaten track”(Maitland and Newmann, 2009; Maitland 2010). This concept idealizes the experiencing of a city like a long-term dweller would. For a tourist or visitor with restricted duration of stay, it is particularly relevant for them to break the confines of a ‘tourist bubble’(Judd, 1999). Therefore, New Urban Tourism can distinguish itself from Traditional Mass Tourism, together with its negative associations, as suggested by Freytag(2010) . Interpreting from Thomas et all’s (2019) writings, New Urban Tourism need not necessarily occur at populated tourist sites. Although meeting other users of the city may be a goal for any new urban tourists, such encounters may not engage the use of digital technologies(such as booking websites). Therefore, the encounters become rather natural and unexpected, as people can “simply” experience the place.
Dimension 2: The Site is an Encounter and Contact Zone Between the City and Kampung Bharu
City Paths Village Paths
Recalling Jan Gehl’s idea of Contact Points, in relation to Dimension of Encounters and Contact Zones
Agritourism Learning Centre in Relation to the Dimension of Encounters and Contact Zones
Example of How Agritourism Public Space can help to promote Encounters and Contact Zones
The Agritourism Learning Centre potentially creates new Encounters and Contact Zones for Kampung Bharu to facilitate the encounters and contact zones between locals and visitors, via Agricultural green spaces as a common ground. From a methodological viewpoint, the proposal may endeavor to create various nodes and meeting points, eventually prolonging the transition periods of urban users. As people linger longer on the streets, This will in turn generate more contact points (Gehl, 2003 and 2010), as people attract people. Through the approach of visual permeability and public spaces, both visitors and locals can “simply” experience the place, where unexpected encounters and social interactions ensue, along with stop-and-see experiences(Gehl, 2003). Utilizing urban form to create Variety and Richness in the urban experience are considered to improve the proposal as a Responsive Environment(Bentley et all, 1985), aligning itself to the established dimensions of New Urban Tourism from spatial perspective.
Example of Integrating Green Agricultural plots to enliven Public space and create new Urban nodes for communities in The Farm at Crossroad Commons by HKS Architects
Dimension 3: Urban Co-Production The previous dimensions may be postulated to become necessary catalysts for the phenomena of the third dimension to occur. Urban Co-Production refers to the idea that tourists remain not merely as passive consumers of the environment, but active participants, and partakers in the local community( Thomas et all, 2019). If one were to recall Gehl’s(2003, 2010) ideals, this could be seen as an opportunity to create more optional activities, aside from necessary activities. According to Pappalepore et all(2010, 2014), Urban-Co Production can be observed when tourists began ventures into more unpolished, creative ideas. Importantly, such influence of Urban Co-Production is not exclusive only to visitors or short term dwellers. Recalling premises from the first dimension, all who stay and live in the city may take part in shaping it. Therefore, the duration of stay and the actual place of residences are deemed irrelevant, as suggested by Thomas et all(2019). Interpreting from Thomas et all’s(2019) writings, attractive localities can be formed when any element from the city becomes a relative appeal, recalling ideas of the Extraordinary Mundane. Therefore, Urban CoProduction can lead to polycentric and multifunctional urban tourism(Maitland and Newman 2009). This is where all agents, both local and non-locals, may collaborate in the production of new tourism zones. Importantly, Urban CoProduction may potentially alleviate tourism-driven gentrification, as it is not designed to be exclusive, but inclusive.
Urban Co- Production in Relation to Jan Gehl’s idea of Optional and Necessary Activities
Agritourism Learning Centre in Relation to Urban Co-Production
Examples of Programs that promote Participation/ Co-Productions
From the perspectives of Urban Co-Production, the Agritourism Learning Centre propose an idea where the tourists and locals can both share and participate in its building programs. Programs and activities such as herbs exchange, Kelulut Stingless Bee Harvesting, MakerSpaces, and seasonal Herb picking provide a platform for all social agents to engage, create, and exchange. In addition to these, the Agritourism Learning Centre also benefits the food street businesses in Kampung Bharu, enhancing yet another aspect of Urban Co-Production in Kampung Bharu, where both locals and tourists indirectly contribute to food production. The Agritourism Learning Centre offers a platform for the Co-Production of both locals and visitors. For example, Students from schools located adjacent to the site may participate and learn elements of herb planting, while participation in nurseries and workshops allow visitors to “take a part of Kampung Bharu with them”, strengthening their sense of attachment to the place(Seamon, 1983) Through the implementation of Agritourism Learning Centre, the Green Agricultural Spaces require constant maintenance(such as Herb Gardens and Community Nursery), and therefore provides the necessary events for long term participation in its programs. Therefore, constant participation will increase the chances for communities to Personalize the space, an important principle of Responsive Environments(Bentley et all, 1985). Thus, through the Agritourism Learning Centre, facets of the Kampung Bharu can be brought to light, while encounters with the local life can be a rewarding experience for both locals and tourists.
Community Nurseries
Maker Spaces Application in Project 1b: Proposing an Ulam Herb District to Connect Jalan Raja Alang
Macro Site Analysis- Culture and Demographics
Macro Site Analysis- Land Use, Traffic, and Climatic Aspects SUNPATH
WINDPATH
Macro Site Analysis- Kevin Lynch Elements >> Path Mapping >> Street Sections >> Hints of Agricultural Traits
Project 1B: Connecting the City to Jalan Raja Alang by creating Ulam Herb Planting District using Jan Gehl’s Theories
Takeaways from Project 1B : Learning Principles from Jan Gehl’s Theory and Implementing in Project 1C
Although the forms or geometry are different, but principles of Jan Gehl taken away from Project 1B are implemented into the Project 1C scheme.
Furthermore, both schemes potentially enhance and celebrate the extraordinary Mundane of Agriculture activity in Kampung Bharu, enhancing its distinctive Rural Identity.
Variety of Green Zones
By creating Variety of Spaces, people will have more spaces to explore, creating more unexpected experiences for pedestrians.) Creating more spots for Optional Activites (Gehl, 2003
Prolonging Transition
Jan Gehl’s Theory of Prolonged Transition – By promoting meandering circulations, people will take longer to pass through the site, allowing people to enjoy the streets better, instead of discomfort due to busy vehicular streets
Creating Multiple Nodes
Creating Multiple Nodes will provide more opportunities for crowding to occur. This will in turn attract more people for lively streets as people attract people (Gehl, 2003)
Design Brief and Narrative Dimension 1: Finding The Missing Extraordinary Mundane The Agritourism Learning Centre from a retrospective viewpoint draws references from Kampung Bharu as an Agricultural Settlement. Despite being famous for its local food and Malay Architecture, the Agricultural traits of the Kampung Bharu can be observed to permeate through even the deeper parts of the village. Such scenes captures the day-to-day elements of an Agricultural Settlement. Therefore, the Agritourism Learning Centre endeavors to capture Agriculture element and transform it into an Extraordinary Mundane. This will help to reinforce the identity of Kampung Bharu from its founding as an Agricultural settlement, while enhancing the Rural tourism aspect of Kampung Bharu. This distinguishes Kampung Bharu as a site of experience in comparison to Kuala Lumpur City Centre, as the former captures a kind of Extraordinary Mundane, revealing the daily unpretentious life of local communities. Furthermore, the Agritourism Learning Centre will provide and encourage participation from all age groups, both local and tourists. The proposal will also provide platform for current Agritourism and Agricultural research, to improvise the Ecosystem of Kampung Bharu, while becoming a consultation center for entrepreneurs and enthusiasts, providing long term support and education on Agritourism in Malaysia. Agritourism Lifelong Learning Centre for All
Dimension 2: Encounters and Contact Zone – Users and Relationship to Urban Programme
Design Brief and Narrative – Programme Approach in Relation to User Group
Precedent Studies: Tashjian Bee Pollinator and Discovery Centre
Key Takeways: The use of Green Frontages and Using Building as a Buffer between Apiaries and Walkways
The use of Green Plots of Land as Frontage
Walkway
Building as Buffer
Variety of Green Spaces in Site Planning, Diversifying Flora Species
Apiary Although the Section shows that building is used as Buffer, Visual Permeability between inside and outside is preserved
Precedent Study : Guelph University HoneyBee Research Centre Moriyama Teshima Architects
Key Takeways: Programming Ideas as well as Spatial Planning
From Plans to Bubble Diagram
Translation to Programme Blocks
Preliminary Testing of Adaptation to Site(Early Stage of Sketch Massing)
Massing Diagrams 1. Maximizing Pedestrian Frontage
2. Continue Existing Green Trails
3. Lingering Circulation
4. Multiple Nodes
5. Diffusion + Soften Urban Walls
6. Creating Variety Through Urban Form
7. Variety of Green Zones
8. Double Height Urban Corridor
9. Core to Mitigate Low Altitude Western Sun
Massing Diagrams 10. Projection of Upper Floor
13. Dynamic & Reminiscent Skyline
11. Connecting Roof Form
14. Louvered Roof
12. Welcoming Gesture
15. Structure: Column & Beam + Loadbearing Wall
Structure Axonometric Diagram A Column and Beam System with Load Bearing Walls are proposed for the building
14 %
Making
Programme Approach
Bee House:200sqm Workshop: 230sqm Maker Space: 260sqm Fabrication : 100sqm
14 %
Learning
Stations:124sqm Gallery:140 sqm Classroom + Labs: 285sqm Sharing: 220sqm
12 %
Research
Archives:60sqm Pollinator: 200sqm Soil Lab: 70sqm Morphology: 65sqm
Incubators: 140sqm Polymer: 100sqm
Herb Garden: 420sqm
37 %
Planting
Trees and Plants: 600sqm
Green Corridor: 900sqm Flower: 350sqm Research: 330sqm Mixed: 250sqm Apiary: 200sqm
23 %
Others
Corridor Cafe: 220sqm Service Cores: 825sqm Food Kiosk: 50sqm Loading Bay: 40sqm Circulation: 290sqm Gathering Space: 370sqm
Programme Schedule of Accommodation Ground Floor: Gallery Block Gallery Ulam Station Reception Lobby Food Kiosk Seed Station Storage Loading Bay Herb Garden Corridor Café Gathering Space Services
140sqm 60sqm 30sqm 140sqm 50sqm 65sqm 30sqm 40sqm 240sqm 220sqm 200sqm 240sqm
Total
1500sqm Ground Floor: Apiary Block
Community Nursery Kelulut Apiary Classroom Soil Lab Bee House Making Honey Research Lab Pollinator Labs Packaging Soil Lab Services Herb Garden
240sqm 195sqm 165sqm 70sqm 95sqm 45sqm 165sqm 65sqm 65sqm 105sqm 130sqm
Circulation
290sqm
Total
1600sqm
First Floor: Research Archives Office Pantry Research Display Research Sharing Genetics Lab Polymer Lab Incubator Morphology Lab Services
60sqm 55sqm 40sqm 62sqm 130sqm 50sqm 100sqm 90sqm 65sqm 240sqm
Total
900 sqm
Second Floor: Workshop & Maker Spaces Workshop Informal Sharing Computer Lab Make Space Co-Working Space Manufacturing Space Services
230sqm 85sqm 120sqm 260sqm 140sqm 110sqm 240sqm
Total
1200sqm
Total: 1500 + 1600 + 900 + 1200 = 5200sqm
* Services include Lift Lobby, W.C, Services and Fire Staircase . Apiary Block has no Lift Lobby
Masterplan
Site Plan
Site Plan
Approach from Primary School Community Life & Pedestrian Street
Approach from the City
Approach from the City
Ground Floor Plan – Potentials for a Variety of Flora
1. Trees Zone
Rambutan
Jackfruit
Mangosteen
Acacia
Ciku
Tapioca
2. Herbs & Plants
Lemongrass
Chilli
Ciku
Turmeric
Misai Kuching
Henna
Kesum Leaf
Pandan
3. Flowers
Hibiscus
Butterly Pea
Bougainvillea
Ixora
Bird
Orchid
Pagoda
Morning Glory
Ground Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan with Gridline
First Floor Plan & Second Floor Plan First Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
Basement Plan No. of Car Parks: 60
With Gridline
Elevations- North East
8M
4M 0M
Elevations- South East
8M 4M 0M
Elevations- South West
8M
4M 0M
Elevations- North West
8M 4M 0M
Sections
A-A’ 10
9 1
12M 8M
13
4M
8
7
2
12
11
4
3
5
6
0M -3M
1. Soil Lab 2. Classroom 3. Entrance Gathering Space 4. Gallery 5. Seed Station 6. Urban Corridor 7. Morphology Lab 8. Polymer Lab 9. Fabrication Room 10. Maker Space 11. Computer Lab 12. Informal Lecture 13. Outdoor Workshop
B-B’ 14
13 9
1
2
3
4
5
11
10
6
15
12M 8M
12
4M
7
8
0M -3M
1. Pollinator Research Lab 2. Kelulut Apiary 3. Community Nursery 4. Classroom 5. Entrance Lobby 6. Gallery 7. Lift Lobby 8. Urban Corridor 9. Fabrication Room 10. Lecture Space 11. Research Exhibition 12. Pantry 13. Co-Working Space 14. Maker Space 15. Outdoor Workshop
Sections
C-C’ 12M 9 6
8
7
5
3
8M
4 2
4M 1
0M -3M
1. Urban Corridor 2. Ulam Station 3. Exhibition 4. Polymer Lab 5. Research Exhibition 6. Archives 7. Computer Lab 8. Informal Lecture 9. Maker Space
D-D’
3 1
2
1. Bee House Making Workshop 2. Grafting Lab 3. Community Nursery
Sections with Gridline
12M 8M
A-A’
4M 0M -3M
12M 8M
B-B’
4M 0M -3M
C-C’
12M 8M 4M 0M -3M
Section Detail Wall Detail
Integrated Double Glazed Skylight with Louvre
Approach Perspective 1
Approach Perspective 2
Welcoming Gesture
Urban Corridor
Herb Garden
Gallery
Classroom
Apiary
Community Nursery
Views from the Lab
Maker Space
Co-Working Space
Informal Lecture
Outdoor Workshop
Courtyard View
Overall View
Some Climatic Aspects Wind Turbulence – Pressure difference creates ventilation for Building Drawing reference from the Aerodynamic Effect, the Roof Form creates angular profile which speeds up the movement of air as they pass through the building. As the speed of air increases, its pressure will decrease. This will create pressure difference between the internal rooms and the exterior environment. Therefore, air movement is created which results in natural ventilation for the rooms.
Using Service Core to Mitigate against Low Altitude Western Sun
Based on Sun Shadow Range Analysis, the Western building façade will become a critical façade because it is exposed to the low altitude evening sun. This potentially cause glaring and undesired heating. Therefore. The Service cores are placed on the Western façade to act as Passive Design response to the Evening Sun
Some Climatic Aspects Based on previous Facade Depth Simulations, an evaluation of the results show that facade depth of 500mm provides desirable amount of daylihghting with good air movement. Therefore, a facade depth of 500mm is implemented to the Modified Casement Window for selected room.
Selected room for Implementation
The selected room for the implementation of the Modified Casement Window with 500mm Projection Depth is highlighted in the plan and illustrated in the sectional drawing.
500mm Depth for Aluminium Projecting Frame
Building Services – Fire Safety Identification of Purpose Groups According to Fifth Schedule of the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984’s, “Designation of Purpose Groups” (by-law 134,138), the proposed Agritourism College falls under the purpose group of “Place of Assembly” and “Institutional”. By-Law Clause 134 – Designation of Purpose Groups For the purpose of this Part, every building or compartment shall be regarded according to its use or intended use as falling within one of the purpose groups set out in the Fifth Schedule to these By-laws and, where a building is divided into compartments, used or intended to be used for different purposes, the purpose group of each compartment shall be determined separately Provided that where the whole or part of a building or compartment, as the case may be, is used or intended to be used for more than one purpose, only the main purpose of use of that building or compartment shall be taken into account in determining into which purpose group it falls.
Identification of Building Volume
According to Fire Protection Guide in Malaysia, If the building volume is more than 28,000m3 but less than 56,000m3, A+C ≥ (A+B+C+D) / 4 The total volume for proposed Agritourism College is 50,000m3. According to UBBL Clause 140, the college falls under one-fourth of the total perimeter of the building. By-law Clause 140 – Fire appliance access All building in excess of 7000 cubic metres shall abut upon a street or road or open space of not less than 12 metres width and accessible to fire brigade appliances. The proportion of the building abutting the street, road or open space shall be in accordance with the following scale:
Allocation of Path for Bomba Access For the proposal, Side C is allocated for Fire Fighting Access. The length of side C is 150m, which is bigger than (A+B+C+D)/4 = (166 + 77 + 150 + 42)/4 = 109m . Therefore, it is compliant to the By-Laws and Fire Protection Guide requirements in Malaysia. For the Proposal, the Calculation are as follow: A+C = 166 + 150 = 316 (A+B+C+D)/4 = (166 + 77 + 150 + 42)/4 = 109 Therefore, the allocated site is compliant. .
Building Services – Fire Safety Fire Hydrant Location The site does not appear to have existing Fire Hydrant, therefore additional Fire Hydrant will have to be proposed for the building based on the following By-Law: By-law Clause 225 - Detecting and extinguishing fire. (2) Every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 metres from the nearest point of fire brigade access. (3) Depending on the size and location of the building and the provision of access for fire appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided as may be required by the D.G.F.R.
Travel Distance The reference for escape route and distance of the proposed college is based on UBBL Seventh Schedule, namely under purpose group II(Institutional) and VII (Office). The building is designed to comply with the stipulated Dead-End Limits without the implementation of Fire Sprinklers. In addition, the building is also designed to comply to the Travel Distance stipulated in UBBL; This is in the case where ‘2 or more alternative exit (un-sprinkled)’ to the nearest fire staircase are provided. Limits when Alternative Exits are available Purpose Group
(1)*Dead-End Limit(metre)
(2) Unsprinklered
(3)(metre) Sprinklered
Hospital, Nursing Homes, etc…
15
30
45
School……...........................
15
45
75
Open Plan….........................
NR
30
45
Hospital…
30
30
30
VII. Place of Assembly…........
15
45
60
II. Institutional….................
By-law Clause 165 - Measurement of travel distance to exits (1) The travel distance to an exit shall be measured on the floor or other walking surface along the centre line of the natural path of travel, starting 0.300 metre from the most remote point of occupancy, curving around any corners or obstructions with 0.300 metre clearance therefrom and ending at the storey exit. Where measurement includes stairs, it shall be taken in the plane of the trend noising.
The Fire Hydrants are placed not more than 90 Meters apart from each other, and not more than 45 Meters from Fire Appliance Access Road. Therefore, it is compliant.
(2) In the case of open areas the distance to exits shall be measured from the most remote point of occupancy provided that the direct distance shall not exceed two-thirds the permitted travel distance. (3) In the case of individual rooms which are subject to occupancy of not more than six persons, the travel distance shall be measured from the doors of such rooms: Provided that the travel distance from any point in the room to the room door does not exceed 15 metres.
Building Services – Fire Safety Travel Distance of Ground Floor
Building Services – Fire Safety Travel Distance of First and Second Floor
First Floor
Second Floor
Building Services – Fire Safety Staircase Exit Width for Proposal The proposal consists of 2 blocks, mainly the Learning Block and Research Block. However, calculations for Staircase Exit width only applies for the Learning Block, because the Research Block has only 1 level(namely, the Ground Floor). Below is the tabulation of calculations for the Learning Block. A
B
C
D
E
F
Floor Level
Purpose Group
Occupanc y Load
Space
1
VII. Places of Assembly
1.5
Gallery & Reception
310
310
207
F/60 = 3.4
1650
2
II. Institutional 4.5 (net) Workshop
960
960
213
F/60= 3.6
2200
3
II. Insitutional
(140/2)+(1 200/4.5) F/60= 5.7 = 340
3300
2 (net)
G H Staircase Exit Minimum Gross Gross Total Occupancy Capacity Staircase Floor Area Floor Area Load (F / Width (M2) (M2) (E/B) Capacity (G x 550) Exit)
Classroom
140
4.5 (net) Workshop
1200
1350
UBBL Clause 157: Protected shafts consisting of staircase
A protected staircase or a protected shaft containing a staircase shall not contain any pipe conveying gas or oil or any ventilating duct other than a duct serving only that staircase or shaft. Minimum Exit Width Required: 3300 Width of Staircase 1: 1700mm Width of Staircase 2: 1700mm Width of Staircase 3: 1700mm Total Width: 1700mm + 1700mm + 1700mm = 5100mm Assuming 1 staircase is redundant, remaining width of staircase is 3400mm. 3400mm > 3300mm. Therefore, it is compliant.
Protected Staircase Shaft
Lift Shaft
Building Services – Active Fire Safety Below refers to the requirements of Fire Detection, Fire Alarm and Fire Extinguishment system for the building Proposal in relation to the 10th Schedule of UBBL. Occupancy Hazard
Proposed Fire Extinguishment and Detection System for Service Core
Extinguishing Fire Alarm System Emergency System Note 2 Note 3 Lighting Note 4
II INSTITUTIONAL 1. Education Occupancies (i) Used for intsturctional purpose only. Open design balcony approach (a) 1 or 2 storeys… … … (b) 3 to 5 storeys… … … (c) 6 to 10 storeys… … (d) 11 storeys and above… … …
A G -
2 1&2
A
1&2
A A&B
1&2 1&3
b
2
b
2
b
-
a
(v) Vocational School (total floor area) (a) Low hazard workshops such as for metal work over 1000 sq. m in floor area
a a
(b) High hazard laboratories and workshops such as for wood work (A) Less than 1000sq.m (B) 1000 to 2000 sq.m (C) Exceeding 2000 sq.m
VII. PLACE OF ASSEMBLY 1. Class A and B below the level of exit A discharge 2. Stage with fly galleries gridirons and A riggings for movable theatre type 3. Hazardous areas A, B, C. D, E and F
Requirement for building from Note 2: A: Hose Reel
Requirement for building from Note 3: 1. Automatic Fire Detectors System. 2. Manual Electrical Fire Alarm System Requirement for building from Note 4: b. Central Battery
Staircase dimension requirement by Fire Protection Guide Minimum Thread depth ≥ 255mm ; Provision is 280mm Riser height : 150 ≤ x ≤ 180 ; Provision is 167mm
Building Services – Rainwater Harvesting Approach The roof design collects rainwater and directs it to the Harvesting Tank, so the building has a supplementary souce of water. From the Water Harvesting Tank, water is pumped to other parts of the building. The building still requires water from the Main Source (SYABAS). From the main source, the water pressure is taken to be sufficient and pumped up to be stored in the Water Storage Tank located on the uppermost floor. From here, Gravitational Downfeed Distribution System will be used, as it helps to reduce maintenance costs.
Building Services – Sewerage Schematic Axonometric The Sewerage Sources are located on one side of the building and W.C units are stacked on top of each other. From here, they will be connected to the main sewerage pipeline to be sent for wastewater treatment
References
Thomas Frisch, Christoph Sommer, Luise Stoltenberg and Natalie Stors(2019), Tourism and Everyday Life in the Contemporary City. Routledge Publishing Natalie Stors, Luise Stoltenberge, Christoph Sommer, and Thomas Frisch(2019), Introducing new urban tourism along its three key dimensions. Routledge Publishing Gehl, J., & Koch, J. (2003). Life between buildings: Using public space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Gehl, J., 2010, Cities for People., Island Press, Washington Ian Bentley, Alan Alcock, Paul Murrain, Sue McGlynn, Graham Smith. Responsive Environments, A manual for Designers(1985), Elsevier Press David Sim(2019), Soft City., Island Press, Washington