Portfolio Architecture Louise Van Eecke by Louise Van Eecke

PORTFOLIO Thesis architecture: Kulturband | Nastro Culturale (Bolzano)

M:NI | Motorways Northern Ireland

Foundation pile restoration project Venice

CĹ&#x201C;ur Corridor | Redevelopment of a site with old warehouses

Neo BXL 2.0 | New international metropolis for Brussels

Project #5 | Infrastructure of a small mobile shop

Thesis Architecture: Kulturband | Nastro Culturale (Bolzano, Italy)

â&#x20AC;&#x153;A choreography of elements and materials in time that extends new networks, new linkages and new opportunities.â&#x20AC;? James Corner in Terra Fluxus (The Landscape Urbanism Reader)

Aim: Re-discovery of the wine culture + at the same time re-structuring the city of Bolzano using an old, perforated road. Theme: The Next Economy (IABR), The Learning City historic roads wine route wine & bike route central lanes apple fields wine fields sites existing winedepot historic buildings

Mapping of the city (patterns: hand drawing) focus: focus: focus:

wine fields historic roads new city developments

1914

1940

1977

Evolution productive landscape (hand drawings). With a focus on agri- and viticulture, the research in my thesis started with the registration of agricultural land since 1607. As the maps show, the expanding city is a thread for the grape and applefields who are located on the edges of Bolzano. The city is surrounded by mountains which means that the expansion of the city and the agriculture is limited.

Project #1: Bridge for pedestrians and cyclist. Project #4: Storage and selling point.

Project #3: Community centre and wine fields.

Project #2: Research facility.

Presentation refurbished road and different projects on the model. This scheme shows the historic road that will be redeveloped as a shortcut of the existing â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Wine & Bikeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; route that leads around the city of Bolzano. Along the new route, there will be four new developments/infrastructures that make sure the road is accessible again and the future of the wine economy is assured.

Project #1: Bridge for pedestrians and cyclist. The beginning of the historic road has totally disappeared on the area that is now covered with grape plants. Without changing too many elements in the environment, I decided to recover the road elevated from the surface. After the punctual operations for the columns, the grape fields in the area can be restored as before.

Project #2: Research facility. Besides the thread of the expanding city, climate change is also changing the viticulture in Bolzano. The solutions of today are limited and cause a shortage of drinking water, because the water will be used to cool the grapes down. For discovering other solutions or make the grapes resist the heat, the wine industry needs laboratories en testing fields to make sure the wine culture does not disappear in the wine regions of today.

1000

100 M

Project #2: Research facility. The test fields on site are woven into the environment of modernistic building blocks and a park. The contours of the buildings and the shadows form the base to the shape of the grape fields where scientist can test their studies. The new laboratory and greenhouse are built in one construction and follow the edges in plan of an old chapel.

Model (Steinbach and wood) 1. Overall top view of the greenhouse surrounded by grape fields. The path leads through an opening in the greenhouse. 2. View taken between the existing building blocks (as indicated on the plan)

Project #4: Storage and selling point. The last project is situated near a church and old monastery. The square in front is transformed into a market place thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s weekly used by wine sellers. The path leads through a gap in the monastery and shows people the way to a new part that connects the monastery better to the church than before. This new building is the entrance to the old wine cellars under the monastery and it also houses a wine tasting and selling point.

100 M

Project #4: Storage and selling point. The new sqare is built out of concrete tiles of different sizes and is situated all around the church and monastery. The trees, benches and temporary selling point are also placed on the same grid. The square ends as the historic path and leads to the original â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Wine & Bikeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; route. The new entrace is located on the right corner of the monastery and gives people a change to visit the old wine cellar. On days there is no market, people can buy and taste the wine here too.

Model (Steinbach and wood) 1. Overall top view of the square, existing church and monastery. 2. Birds view of the entire project. 3. View taken from the renewed â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Wine & Bikeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; road (as seen on the plan on the previous page) pointing to the new part that connects the monastery and the church.

Small projects along the road. Besides all the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;biggerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; projects, there are also smaller interventions near the renewed historical road that guide people the right way. This goes from typical benches to color accents in wine red on the ground, on gates, bins...

M:NI | Motorways Northern Ireland

Produced in conjunction with Queens University Belfast , MArch 1 and 2.

HISTORY

MODERNITY AND URBANITY

Tutor Group Coordinators Greg Keeffe

"Close study has convinced [{[ the residents] that the motorway would be a monstrosity. Areas like the Cullingtree Road - Divis Flats complex in the Lower Falls and Sandy Row and the

HISTORY SOCIAL LIVES AND TENSION

M;:NI

Gary Boyd

SOCIAL LIVES & TENSIONS

Edited by Patrick McShane

Ryan ONeill

THE DIVIDED CITY

MEASURE ORGANISATION AND FIELD

Naomi Sheehan MArch 2

MArch 1 Stefan Downey Oliver Moxley Tania Helen Louise Van Eecke Adrienne Barr

ENDINGS AND EDGES

Tom Cosgrove Sara Love Andrew McIlroy Blaine Sherry Barney McQuillan Naomi Sheehan Ryan O’’Neill Patrick McShane

TIME RHYTHM AND SPEED

ATMOSPHERE SCALE AND PERCEPTION

LINKS SEVERED BY WESTLINK 5

THE DIVIDED CITY: COMMUNITIES DESTROYED

The Divided City: Communities Destroyed

COMMUNITIES DESTROYED: OLD POUND LONEY

14<

18<

COMMUNITIES DEMOLISHED

Aerial photograph of Old Pound Loney before Westlink

Aerial photograph of Old Pound Loney after Westlink

THE DIVIDED CITY: COMMUNITIES DESTROYED Lisnafadden Way 2014

URBAN MOTORWAY DEPICTED AS A MONSTER

30% OF THE POORER BELFAST HOUSEHOLDS OWNED A CAR IN 1966

20<

URBAN MOTORWAY PLANNERS SEEN AS INCONSIDERATE Belfast - c.1900 Population - 349,000

SCOTCH STREET BEFORE VERSUS TODAY

24<

ASPIRATION~: EFFICIENCY " Since 1914 France has not so much ‘absorbed’ modernity as has shaped it. Modernity started out as a promise: for rational and affordable dwellings and healthy cities, and through exhilarating experiments such as Jean Prouve’’’s lightweight structures. As a result, modern architecture was also able to incarnate the menace of an existence dominated by machines and their repetitive productions. For the 14th Architecture Biennale in Venice, JeanLouis Cohen, curator of the French Pavilion reflects on this history by breaking the exhibition into four thematic areas. From desire to ridicule? Examining the tension between the promise of a life made easier by machinery and the often farcical results of trying to make that dream a reality. Constructive imagination or utopia? Studying the life of Prouveé, the boundary-breaking cross-disciplinary architect, designer, constructor and ironsmith who, while influential with the components and structures he designed, failed to develop the full range of lightweight structures he had imagined, inspired by the design of planes and automobiles. Economy of scale or monotony? Post-war France aimed to provide cheap, high-quality buildings through a state-led adoption of prefabrication techniques Happy heterotopias or places of reclusion? The social housing outcomes of state-driven modernity, another utopian scheme which was this time undermined by complex social undercurrents, such as the middle classes abandoning the city for suburban single-family houses and persisting unemployment for those left behind."

32<

ASPIRATION

SUB URBAN TO SUPER RURAL

To complete the work first envisioned in the 1960’s, the M1 (Westlink) M2 and M3 cross harbour all converge on the York Street area.

The attitudes towards the work of Prouvée resonates within the motorway network in Northern Ireland.

Engine in back, front/rear weight distribution

Stainless steel body panels

‘Places of reclusion’ are ripe within the network of Northern Ireland, where the ease of access of the motorway allows for suburban exurbs to thrive, in turn almost contracting those modern ideals. Wheelbase 2408mm Length 4267mm Width 1988mm Weight 1233kg with full tank

M IS FOR MENACE MODERNITY

Table 1

Underbody fixed to double Road y;-frame chassis 39

40<

42<

48<

M2-1

M2-1 79

52 108

r= 0.22r

13.0

10.5

9.5

9.5 10.5

9.5 8

4.5

4.53

0 M2 South

0.5 0

0.5

M2 South

0 2.0

0.52.0

2.0

M2 - Rural Motorway

R= 1180

0.38r 0.13r

R= 520 R= 510 R= 800

0.11r

R= 1270

Glass reinforced plastic underbody 124

54 62

116 73 72

74 171 66 109

106

54 91

131

M3-R 175 160

97 122

M3-R 175 47

56 175

57 160

160

133

98 131

122

111

56 111

133

J.R. Hamilton and Louis L. Thurstone derived from the general principles of vision five propositions directly applicable to highway design:

M2 Field View M2 Field View 1 M2 Field View 21

M2 Field View 1

M2 Field View M2 Field View 2 M2 Field View 32

Field View Field View Field View M2 Field View 3M2M2 Field View 4 3 M2 Field View 4M2M2 Field View 5 4 M2 Field View 5M2 M2 Field View 6 5 M2 Field View 6

as s[peed increases, peripheral vision diminishes A = 177,170m²

as speed increases , space perception becomes impaired

37%Road 43%Road

37%Road

17%Sky

43%Road 44%Road

43%Road 12%Built 26%Built

12%Built

17%Sky

17%Sky 24%Sky

24%Sky

24%Sky 37%Road

as speedAincreases, foreground detail begins to fade = 39,407m²

26%Built

road area = 51,229m²

22%Road

19%Nature

32%Built

12%Built

MIDDLEPATH ST.

DEE ST.

YORK STREET DEE ST.

MIDDLEPATH ST.

time taken for car to travel / increment = 2.5seconds each incrediment is equal to

98<98<

v speed in mph s superelevation in percent R radius in metres r angle in radians

90 footsteps

M3 Field View M3 Field View 1 M3 Field View 21

M3 Field View 1

98<

102<

106< 32%Sky 32%Road

32%Road

7%Nature

29%Built

7%Nature

7%Nature 15%Nature

M3 Field View M3 Field View 2 M3 Field View 32

18%Nature 17%Nature

18%Nature

51%Sky 19%Nature

51%Sky 19%Nature 17%Nature

17%Nature

10%Built

AND ENDINGS

33%Sky

19%Nature

29%Built

11%Built

20%Road

20%Road 22%Road

22%Road

10%Built

M3 SECTION : OBEL FLYOVER

16%Built

15%Nature 18%Nature

29%Road

115

118<

139

142<

37%Sky

18%Nature

17%Built

17%Built 16%Built

16%Built

17%Road 17%Road

17%Road

8%Nature 48%Sky 53%Sky

8%Nature 10%Nature 48%Sky

33%Sky

33%Sky 10%Nature

NORTH TO EAST : M2 to M3

27%Built

27%Built 16%Built

17%Road

17%Road 33%Sky 10%Nature 48%Sky

40%Built

M3 CROSS HARBOUR MOTORWAY 1995 PREVIOUS ROUTE TO QUEEN ELIZABETH II BRIDGE ALONG CORPORATION STREET

RAILWAY TRACKS

URBAN BLOCK TOWER

METAL FENCING

CRASH BARRIER

RIVER LAGAN (160 METERS AT MOTORWAY CROSSING)

The edge becomes more dramatic at junctions, perhaps high-lighting the heightened dangers of entering and exiting the high speed routes.

122<

125

127

132<

133

NI RAILWAY ROAD VEHICLE BICYCLE PEDESTRIAN

RHYTHM & SPEED

SCALE 1:500

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

TIME

INCLUDING :

M23

M12 M5

M4 M1 M12

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

10 SECONDS MOVEMENT OF TRAFFIC

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

CORPORATION STREET UNDERPASS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

121

EDGES

38%Built

M3 Field View 3

29%Road 37%Sky 39%Sky

39%Sky

15%Nature

29%Built

8%Nature 14%Nature 53%Sky

14%Nature 53%Sky

14%Nature

Trees and shrubbery edge the motorway. This pleasant aesthetic edge has many functional purposes such as soundproofing, a method of privacy, a narrowing of peripheral view as a tool for drivers focus or for framing dramatic views. It also provides essential urban biodiversity.

119

17%Built

19%Nature 38%Built

M3 Field View M3 Field View M3 Field View 1 M3 M3 Field View 2 M3 Field View 21 Field View 3 2 M3 Field View 3 M3 Field View 3 Opposite Direction Opposite DirectionOpposite Opposite Direction Opposite Direction Opposite Direction Opposite DirectionOpposite Direction Direction

17%Road

29%Road 29%Road

29%Road 32%Sky 39%Sky

29%Road 32%Road 32%Sky

29%Built

16%Built

M3 Field View 1 Opposite Direction

These maps are an update on Fischer’s Studies of how busy our road systems are in both the UK and Europe. Perhaps abstractly despite using only the movement lines the familiar map of the UK and Ireland is distinct, the edge of the islands forming to these lines. London and the Netherlands are buzzing with activity while two large veins move to Russia and Greece respectively. Ferry links are few in number but busy crossings, transporting goods from coat to coast.

29%Sky

7%Nature

17%Built

S =v² / (2.828 R)

90<

BUSIEST ROUTES

26%Road 29%Sky

26%Road 29%Sky 29%Sky

7%Nature

19%Nature

50%Sky 51%Sky

50%Sky

50%Sky 55%Sky

12%Built 11%Built

12%Built

20%Road 22%Road

20%Road

55%Sky 11%Nature 18%Nature

55%Sky 11%Nature

11%Nature 19%Nature 32%Built

32%Built 16%Built

16%Built

22%Road 20%Road

22%Road 27%Sky

22%Road 22%Road 27%Sky

46%Sky

16%Nature 19%Nature

16%Nature

27%Sky

46%Sky

YORK STREET

22%Road 22%Road

22%Road

J1.A YORK STREET

J1.B DOCKS

J1.A YORK STREET

J1.B DOCKS

J1.B DOCKS J1 FORTWILLIAM

J1 FORTWILLIAM

J2 GREENCASTLE

J4 SANDYKNOWLES

J5 TEMPLEPATRICK

17%Built 23%Nature

M2 Field View M2 Field View Field View Field View Field View M2 Field View 1 M2 M2 Field View 2 M2 Field View 21 Field View 3 2 M2 Field View 3 M2M2 Field View 4 3 M2 Field View 4M2M2 Field View 5 4 M2 Field View 5M2 M2 Field View 6 5 M2 Field View 6 M2 Field View 6 Opposite Direction Opposite DirectionOpposite Opposite Direction Opposite Direction Opposite DirectionOpposite Direction Opposite DirectionOpposite Direction Opposite DirectionOpposite Direction Opposite Direction Opposite DirectionOpposite Direction Direction Opposite Direction Opposite Direction Opposite Direction

16%Built

88<

19%Nature

23%Nature

23%Nature 10%Nature 6%Built

10%Nature 6%Built

R= 820 M2 Field View 1 Opposite Direction

5%Built

5%Built 14%Nature

26%Road 29%Sky 35%Road

29%Sky 29%Sky 35%Road

29%Sky 35%Road 43%Road

29%Sky 41%Sky 43%Road

41%Sky 44%Road 43%Road

41%Sky 44%Road

26%Built

14%Nature

14%Nature 27%Nature

27%Nature

10%Nature 6%Built

M2 Field View 6

as speed increases, concentration increases. as speed increases, the point of concentration recedes

M2 South

0.22r

113

73 72

142 147 142

113 116

41 38

32 97

98 106 108

Engine: 2849CC PRV 2.85 litre V6

Road 90 32 77

52 108

37 62

147 142

54 62

72 182 68 168

142

19 17 168

73 154 72 91

41 38

124

61 33

52 108

37 62 56 62

VISION IN MOTION

57.25°

R= 830

0.08r

0.19r

Table 1

32 77

56 113 96

Nature

90 48

19 147 136 17 142 97 168 116 129

91 182 168 171 109 M3 108

111

LATERAL SCALE LATERAL MAP OF SCALE M2 &MAP M3 OF MOTORWAYS M2 & M3 LATERAL MOTORWAYS SCALE MAP OF M2 & M3 MOTORWAYS

13.0

39 124 79 86 142 57

61 33

M2-R 154 54

32 97

M3 108 131

15.5

96 129

41 38

171 109

122

15.5

56 168

91 182 168

136

M2-R 154

129

M3-R

M2-1 79

57 136

M2-R

Table 1

Steering rock and pinion. Road5.334m Minimum turn Turning circle: curb to Man-Made curbRoad Sky Man-Made Nature Man-Made Sky Nature 10.67m Road

Road

Sky

38<

15.5

34<

ELECTRICAL WIRING OF DELOREAN

Gull Wing Doors

Height 1140mm with doors closed Height 1960mm with doors open

While more wholly accepted and adopted than his work, it is in this essence of modernity with which it finds its grounding, however in contrast, its success is not as apparent.

M22 A8 M5

M12

01.00

08.30

14.00

17.30

M11

INTENDED motorways 1946 149

151

INTENDED motorways 1964

154<

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 30

65 - 69 dB

1/2500

70 - 74 dB

>75 dB

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

1/500

175

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK BY PRODUCED AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL BY AN EDUCATIONAL AUTODESK PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK PRODUCED EDUCATIONAL BY ANPRODUCT AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT goggles or safety glasses are forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the area surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or chemicals from striking the eyes.

Work gloves are personal protective equipment worn during work projects that cover and protect the hands from the wrist to the fingers. Work gloves are meant to save the user’s hands and fingers from unnecessary wounds such as cuts, blisters, splinters, skin punctures or heat and chemical burns.

A pickup truck, often simply referred to as a pickup or truck, is a light motor vehicle with an open-top, rear cargo area (otherwise known as a bed).

A steel-toe boot (also known as a safety boot, steel-capped boot or safety shoe) is a durable boot or shoe that has a protective reinforcement in the toe which protects the foot from falling objects or compression, usually combined with a mid sole plate to protect against punctures from below.

The scraper is a large piece of equipment used in mining, construction and earthmoving applications. The rear part has a vertically moveable hopper with a sharp horizontal front edge. The hopper can be hydraulically lowered and raised. When the hopper is lowered, the front edge cuts into the soil or clay like a plane and fills the hopper. When the hopper is full it is raised, and closed with a vertical blade. The scraper can transport its load to the fill area where the blade is raised, the back panel of the hopper, or the ejector, is hydraulically pushed forward and the load tumbles out.

Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, stick, bucket and cab on a rotating platform known as the “house”.[ The house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels. A cableoperated excavator uses winches and steel ropes to accomplish the movements. [All movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic fluid, with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors.

A steamroller is a form of road roller – a type of heavy construction machinery used for levelling surfaces, such as roads or airfields –that is powered by a steam engine. The levelling/flattening action is achieved through a combination of the size and weight of the vehicle and the smooth wheels rotating in the drum.

A cherry picker is a manoeuvrable vertical boom with an open bucket or cage at the end from which a worker can perform aerial work such as installing street lighting, electrical lines and general maintenance.

Street sweepers have been employed in cities since sanitation and waste removal became a priority. The machines were created in the 19th century to do the job more efficiently than by hand. The modern street sweepers are mounted on truck bodies and can sweep and vacuum debris that accumulates on the road.

µg/m3 30

Separation of various types of pollution, measured by an official device at strategic locations and recorded over a one day period.

µg/m3

NO 2

µg/m3 100

80 60 10

40 20 h 0

µg/m3

µg/m3 100

80 60 10

40 20 h 0

µg/m3

µg/m3 100

80 60 10

ATMOSPHERE

SCALE AND PERCEPTION

20 h 0

h 0

182<

183

185

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

ear defender, a device (such as an earplug) designed to lessen the transmission of excessive or damaging sound to the auditory receptors of the inner ear

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN BY AUTODESK AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

60 - 64 dB

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

55 - 59 dB

174<

µg/m3 30

PRODUCED BY AN EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BYAUTODESK AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

172<

PM 10

µg/m3

PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN BY AUTODESK AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCT

171

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

170<

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

23.00

Motorways cause noise due to the high speed at which vehicles pass. People living around motorways can find this noise especially distracting.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

21.00

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

168<

11.00

18.00

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

08.00

15.00

164<

PRODUCED PRODUCED BYBY ANAN AUTODESK AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

07.00

158<

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

00.00

INTENDED motorways 1975

156<

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK PRODUCED EDUCATIONAL BY ANPRODUCT AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY PRODUCED AN AUTODESK PRODUCED BY AN EDUCATIONAL AUTODESK BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

145

PRODUCED PRODUCED BYBY ANAN AUTODESK AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCT

144<

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

143

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Belfast - Present Day Population - 280,000

The Westlink QUADRANT STREET BEFORE VERSUS TODAY

22<

The automobile, a passenger vehicle designed for operation on ordinary roads and typically having four wheels and a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine.

VISUAL PERCEPTION SPEED IS VARIABLE

188<

191

193

197

198<

199

201

203

204<

Flow Patterns in Gradients

Study 1: Machine Perception: The Supertruck 2025. Capable of precisely measuring clearances and distances through a network of short range cameras and long range sensor systems, a stereo camera identifies single and double lanes, pedestrians, moving and stationary objects. As such the Supertruck 2025 is capable of perceiving everything that should occupy the motorway environment, this study sets the machine-equivalent to object perception and identification during the effects of high speed travel. 205

206<

207

WORKS CITED

EDGES AND ENDINGS

210<

1. 2.

Jacobs, J., (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York City: Random House Inc. Johnston, W., (2014) The Belfast Urban Belfast Motorway. Engineering ambition and social conflict. Newonards: Colourpoint House. Johnston, W., (2014) The Belfast Urban Belfast Motorway. Engineering ambition and social conflict. Newonards: Colourpoint House. Johnston, W., (2014) The Belfast Urban Belfast Motorway. Engineering ambition and social conflict. Newonards: Colourpoint House.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Toole, S (2006), Sub Urban to SuperRural, Cork: Gandon Editions Waldheim, C (2006) The Landscape Urbanism Reader, Princeton Architectural Press Jacobs, S (2014) A Clockwork Jerusalem, The British Council Ellul, J (2014) http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/59700.Jacques_Ellul Accessed 20/10/2014 Smithson, A (1967) team 10 primer, Great Britain; Studio Vista Limited, Blue Star House Toole, S (2006), Sub Urban to SuperRural, Cork: Gandon Editions Sudjic, D (2014) B is for Bauhaus: An A-Z of the Modern World, Particular Books Smithsons A &P (1967) Urban Structuring: Uppercase 3

LANDSCAPES 13. 14. 15.

16.

Sennett, Richard. (2011) Boundaries and Borders from Living in the Endless City. Edited by Ricky Burdett and Deyan Sudjic. London: Phaidon.

17. 18. 19.

Lash, S. & Urry, J. (1994) Economies of Signs and Space. London: Sage Publications. Virilio, P. (1977) Speed and Politics. 2006 Ed. Los Angeles: Semiotext(e). Hogarty, D. 2007) The Hallways of New York [Newspaper] At: http://gothamist.com/2007/04/26/the_ hallways_of.php (Accessed on: 23.10.14) Clark, G. () Freeway Pollution Extends Further than Previously Thought [Newspaper] At: http://www.cleanairplus.com/blog/freeway-pollution-extends-further.html (Accessed on: 17.10.14) Ibid.

20.

13 The Westlink [Screenshot] https://www.google.com/maps/place/Westlink,+Belfast+BT12,+UK/@54.3992939,6.75 76652,10z/daa=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4861085212cb26a7:0xdc902753ee56344d (Accessed 18.10.14) 14 Lisnafadden Way 2014[Screenshot] https://www.google.com/maps/place/Westlink,+Belfast+BT12,+UK/@54.3992 939,6.7576652,10z/daa=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4861085212cb26a7:0xdc902753ee56344d (Accessed 18.10.14)

4 (Original image courtesy of:)Cecil Newman, (1979) Land cleared for Westlink still vacant in 1979 [ photograph] In: Johnston. W, (2014) T he Belfast Urban Motorway, Engineering, ambition and social conflict. Newonards: Colourpoint House.

ATMOSPHERE 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

1 DRD Road Service. (1967) Photomontage of the Belfast Urban Motorway proposed in the 1967 report [photograph] In: Johnston, W. (2014) The Belfast Urban Motorway, Engineering, ambition and social conflict. Newonards: Colourpoint House.

5 The Pound Loney Men. Falls and Pound Loney photos Part 1 - Screenshot (2014). http://youtu.be/umVKJaB2llc (Accessed 18.10.14)

Allen, S. (2000) Practice: Architecture, Technique and Representation. 2nd Ed. Abingdon: Routledge. Cullen, G (1971) Townscape, Architectural Press Borden, I (2012) Drive: Journeys through Film, Cities and Landscapes, Reaktion Books Wells, H.G (2013) The Time Machine, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform Goldstein, B (2009) The Ecology of J.J. Gibson’s Perception Latin Quote (2012) www.thesource.com Accessed 20/10/2014

6 Urban Motorway Depicted as a Monster [cartoon] In: Johnston. W, (2014) The Belfast Urban Motorway, Engineering, ambition and social conflict. Newonards: Colourpoint House. 7 Old Pound Street. [Screenshot] Falls and Pound Loney photos Part 1 (2014). http://youtu.be/umVKJaB2llc (Accessed 18.10.14)

TIME, RHYTHM & SPEED Nona (2013) Time, Rhythm and speed on a motorway [Type of image e.g. diagram] At: http://www.naturephotolease.nl/blog/fotografietips/ (Accessed on: 14.10.14)

MODERNITY

Small, J. (2010) Noise, crowding and pollution on motorways [Type of image e.g. diagram] At: http://justinksmall. com/2010/06/30/low-income%C2%A0branding/ (Accessed on: 23.10.14)

16 Forum for Alternative Belfast, (2011) http://www.forumbe;fast.org/projects/shared-space-2011.php. Accessed 25/10/2014 17 Waldheim, C (2006) The Landscape Urbanism Reader, Princeton Architectural Press

ATMOSPHERE

18 Detroit riots 1967 (2012) http://life.time.com/history/detroit-is-burning-photos-from-the-1967-riots/attachment/10_00986142/. Accessed 25/10/2014

Car Driver Diagram. http://dc436.4shared.com/doc/sLkkVdjV/preview_html_69b823ad.gif Accessed 20/10/2014

LANDSCAPES Arm Diagram. http://dc436.4shared.com/doc/sLkkVdjV/preview_html_m766c8852.gif Accessed 20/10/2014

8 Where Pound Street Was. [Screenshot] https://www.google.com/maps/place/Westlink,+Belfast+BT12,+UK/@54.3992 939,6.7576652,10z/daa=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4861085212cb26a7:0xdc902753ee56344d (Accessed 18.10.14)

Tunnard C, & Pushkarev, B (1966), Man Made America: Chaos or Control, Connecticut Printers Corner, J & Maclean, A (1996), Taking Measures Across the American Landscape, Yale University Press

BOOKS Allen, S & McQuade, M (2011) Landform Building, Lars Muller Publishers Allen, S. (2000) Practice: Architecture, Technique and Representation. 2nd Ed. Abingdon: Routledge. Augé, M (2009) Non places: an introduction to anthropology of supermodernity, Verso Books; Bridle, R & Porter, J (2002) The Motorway Achievement: Frontiers of knowledge and practice, ICE Publishers Borden, I (2012) Drive: Journeys through Film, Cities and Landscapes, Reaktion Books Cullen, G (1971) Townscape, Architectural Press Drake, J, Evans, D I, and Yeadon, H L. (1969) Motorways. London: Faber and Faber Ltd. Giedion, S (2008) Space, Time and Architecture: The growth of a new tradition, Harvard University Press; 5th Revised and Enlarged¬ Ed edition Goldstein, E.B (2001) Sensation and Perception, Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc; 6th Revised edition edition Goldstein, B (2009) The Ecology of J.J. Gibson’s Perception Harvey, D. (1989) The Condition of Post-Modernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Hassan, R & Purser, R (2007) Time and Temporality in the Network Society. Stanford University Press. Heidegger, M. (1953) Being and Time. Albany: State University of New York Press. Kaijima, M & Kuroda, J (2001) Made in Tokyo: guide book, Kajima Institute Publishing Koolhaas, R (2011) Junkspace, Payot Publishers Lash, S & Urry, J (1994) Time and Memory in Economies of Signs and Space, Sage Publications; First Edition edition Lynch, K (1960) Image of the city, MIT Press; First Edition edition May, J. & Thrift, N. (2001) Timespace: Geographies of Temporality, London: Routledge Pallasmaa, J. (1996) The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses, New York: John Wiley & Sons Townroe, P.M. (1974) Social and Political Consequences of the Motor Car, David & Charles; 1St Edition edition Tschumi, B (2001) Event Cities, MIT Press Venturi, R & Scott Brown, D (1977) Learning from Las Vegas, MIT Press; Revised edition edition Virilio, P (2006) Speed and politics, MIT Press; New edition edition Waldheim, C (2006) The Landscape Urbanism Reader, Princeton Architectural Press

Present Day Road Section : Combination of sources http://catedu.es/aragonromano/roads.htm (Accessed on: 18.10.14) http://www.romanobritain.org/12_innovations/inv_roads.htm#.VE0abousXWM (Accessed on: 18.10.14)

15 Scotch St 1960s. Falls and Pound Loney photos Part 1 - Screenshot (2014). http://youtu.be/umVKJaB2llc (Accessed 18.10.14)

Car Axo Diagram. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZV1FJWIlyGY/TgcyWE5O8KI/AAAAAAAAAA4/DAIRE6dMfnQ/ s400/Picture6.jpg Accessed 20/10/2014

9 Urban planners seen as inconsiderate [cartoon] In: Johnston. W, (2014) The Belfast Urban Motorway, Engineering, ambition and social conflict. Newonards: Colourpoint House.

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WEBSITES aeroSCAPE (2011) The Tunnel Effect [Blog entry] At: http://aeroscape.org/2011/12/01/der-tunneleffekt/ (Accessed on: 08.10.14) AQICN (2008) Belfast Centre Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index (AQI) [Blog entry] At: http://aqicn.org/ city/united-kingdom/belfast-centre/ (Accessed on: 22.10.14) Baird, Trevor and Hardy, Elaine. (2014) http://www.righttoride.co.uk (Accessed on: 17.10.14) Chen, X. (2011) Seeing Differently: Cartography for Subjective Maps Based on Dynamic Urban Data [Paper] At: http://descomp.scripts.mit.edu/www/_main_dir_link/images_projects/takehiko_01/xiaoji_map/xiaoji_map.html (Accessed on: 21.10.14) Johnston, W. (2009) History - Belfast Urban Motorway & Westlink [Blog entry] At: http://www.wesleyjohnston. com/roads/belfasturbanmotorway.html (Accessed on: 13.10.14) Mc Cabe, P. (2012) Atlas of Change: Mapping identity for next generation Dublin [Blog entry] At: http://www. pivotdublin.com/index.php/blog/entry/atlas_of_change._mapping_identity_for_next_generation_dublin (Accessed on: 15.10.14) The Motorway Archive. http://www.ciht.org.uk/motorway/niconcept.htm (Accessed on: 13.10.14) Tobler, W. (1993) Three Presentations on Geographical Analysis and Modeling [Report] At: http://www.geodyssey.com/papers/tobler93.html (Accessed on: 21.10.14) Toffer, Jim. (2014) http://www.highwaysmaintenance.com (Accessed on: 22.10.14) US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Admisitration http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/publications/flexibility/ch06.cfm (Accessed on: 13.10.14)

Reynor Banham : Loves Los Angeles (1972) Motion Picture: Reyner Banham View From The Road (1958) Motion Picture: Kevin Lynch London Orbital (2002) Motion Picture: Iain Sinclair, Christopher Petite Crash (1996) Motion Picture: David Cronenburgh

11 Quadrant St. [Screenshot] Falls and Pound Loney photos Part 1 (2014). http://youtu.be/umVKJaB2llc (Accessed 18.10.14) 235

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MOVIES

10 Quadrant Street 1930s. [Screenshot] Falls and Pound Loney photos Part 1 (2014). http://youtu.be/umVKJaB2llc (Accessed 18.10.14)

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WORKS REFERENCED

Roman Road Section : Combination of sources Detailing of Deck Waterproofing, Part 4 BD47/99 Volume 2, Section 3 http://www.dft.gov.uk (Accessed on: 14.10.14) Example Diagram of a Basic Medium to Heavy Duty Road Pavement http://www.highwaysmaintenance.com (Accessed on: 14.10.14)

HISTORY

2 Murph. (2010) St. Peter’s Parish Before Redevelopment [Photograph] At: http://www.belfastforum.co.uk/index.php?topic=8142.7245 (Accessed on: 19.10.14) 3 Cecil Newman, (1979) Land cleared for Westlink still vacant in 1979 [Photograph] In: Johnston. W, (2014) The Belfast Urban Motorway, Engineering, ambition and social conflict. Newonards: Colourpoint House.

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EDGES AND ENDINGS

IMAGES

TIME, RHYTHM & SPEED

The value and meaning of objects in the environment which can be directly perceived

Movement of observer causes textures in environment to flow

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HISTORY

MODERNITY

Affordances

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M:NI, Motorways Northern Ireland analysis Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 2014-2015

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Foundation pile restoration project Venice. Aim masterplan: remind people about two things: the hidden gardens and the modern architecture in Venice. Aim restoration project: provide Venice with enough trees that they can restore their wooden foundations without any imported wood. Program: alder plantation, public space, sawmill, biomass installation. Design: the entire proces from tree to foundation pile happens on one site (former car park). Even wood rests are used to provide the neighborhood and the installations with electricity. In the masterplan, the alder plantation expands over empty spaces all over Venice.

Model masterplan pile restauration project Venice, Italy 2014-2015

... -15 m

9-12 m

electricity

bio-mass installation

wood shred

wood shredding machine wood rests

wood milling machine

1.5-3 m

wood cutting machine wood rests

thickness planer machine treatment wood

storage wood

Process scheme: Biomass installation and sawmill Plan: zoom of the building and Southern facade Southern Facade In one long stretched out building, the full proces from alder tree to foundation pile happens. Every phase of the proces has his own place and all wood rests are transported back to the head of the building: the bio-mass installation.

study area Venice

empty places in Venice where trees could grow

Expansion alder plantation over Venice On site 576 trees 5000 years to renew piles Expansion 100x more trees 50 years to renew piles To make sure there will be enough trees as foundation piles needed, the project should be extended over all the empty places in Venice. Than we can reduce the years of growing trees drastically and will Venice be restored in 50 years without any import of wood.

Sketches of design process The alder plantation will be the biggerst green area of Venice. So it can become a landmark for nature on the island. People will be attracted to relax and enjoy nature and make it a valuable public space.

CĹ&#x201C;ur Corridor | Redevelopment of a site with old warehouses. Aim: create an expansion for an existing neighborhood and activate the natural environment near the river. Program: housing, service flats, offices, library, public space. Design: double function of the green space as a public park with focus on productive landscapes and re-use of wastewater. By adding a road, new connections between housing and the parc are created. Every housing unit has a possibility to expand or integrate working in the living environment.

Site Coeur Corridor Mechelen, Belgium 2013-2014

Masterplan Coeur Corridor New road from north to south. Contrast between historic, paved site (north) and park (south) open public space (west) and private housing (east)

extention appartment or studio:

Plan expanding apartment Example of a housing unit that can be expanded/used for working. Every apartment has one or more private terrace or garden.

Neo BXL 2.0 | New international metropolis for Brussels. Aim: create a place where working, housing and relaxing takes places in the same environment Program: housing, offices, culture, sports, relaxation, public space, green space Design: hills and contours form the base layer of a connection between two green spots in Brussels: Ossegempark and Jean Palfynlaan. Besides the park you find a gridded plan of new housing, sport facilities and offices to make the place an attractive metropolis for the capital city of Belgium and Europe.

Model Masterplan Neo BXL 2.0 Brussels, Belgium 2013-2014

Facade/section of apartments Neo BXL 2.0 Apartments resident families from two to six people, everyone has a private outdoor space. Car park can be used by visitors and residents.

Model Masterplan Neo BXL 2.0 Picture of the model seen from the Jean Palfynlaan. Existing pavilions play an important role in the environment.

Project #5: Infrastructure of a small mobile shop. Organisation: C-RE-A.I.D. Aim: As a project, C-re-aid wants to help this woman and her family with a material possession that could lead to a more sustainable income. With their own income, they could themselves decide what their priority is. Design: In participation with the mother and her oldest sons, the decision was made to construct a mobile infrastructure that would encourage to be a selling point. The reason to make the infrastructure mobile is for practical and flexible reasons. It is important to easily move the infrastructure from the storage place to the city center or market, but also that it could be moved to different selling points within a day. The infrastructure itself could not be, for this reasons, too heavy by itself. The back wheel of the bicycle was cut off and a box was welded onto two wheels. A combination of steel and aluminum was used for the box. Within the box, several drawers with different sizes were made. The infrastructure was designed in a way that a light roof could slide out of the box. A steel drawing and the name of the mother are placed at one side of the box. Bright colors are used to paint the framework and were chosen by the family.

From left to right: the mother (Mama Waziri), me (Louise Van Eecke), the oldest son (Waziri) and the craftsman who made the bicylce. Moshi, Tanzania, 2013