Voyages in English 2018, Practice Book, Grade 6 by Loyola Press

PRACTICE BOOK

I N

E N G L I S H

GRAMMAR AND WRITING

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Contents TIPS FOR DAILY MAINTENANCE

GRAMMAR SECTION 1—Nouns 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

Daily Maintenance 2 Singular and Plural Nouns 5 More Singular and Plural Nouns 6 Concrete and Abstract Nouns 7 Nouns as Subjects and Subject Complements 8 Nouns as Objects 10 More Nouns as Objects 12 Possessive Nouns 13 Nouns Showing Separate and Joint Possession 15 1.9 Appositives 17 1.10 Words Used as Nouns and Verbs 18 1.11 Words Used as Nouns and Adjectives 19

SECTION 2—Pronouns Daily Maintenance 2.1 Personal Pronouns 2.2 Agreement of Pronouns and Antecedents 2.3 Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns 2.4 Subject Pronouns 2.5 Object Pronouns 2.6 Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives 2.7 Pronouns in Contractions 2.8 Demonstrative Pronouns 2.9 Interrogative Pronouns 2.10 Indefinite Pronouns 2.11 Indefinite Pronouns and Double Negatives

20 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 34

SECTION 3—Adjectives Daily Maintenance 36 3.1 Descriptive Adjectives 39 3.2 Definite and Indefinite Articles 40 3.3 Numerical Adjectives 41 3.4 Adjectives as Subject Complements 42 3.5 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 44 3.6 More Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 45 3.7 Few and Little 46 3.8 Demonstrative Adjectives 47 3.9 Interrogative Adjectives 48 3.10 Indefinite Adjectives 49 3.11 Adjective Phrases 50

SECTION 4—Verbs 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

Daily Maintenance Principal Forms of Verbs, Verb Phrases Regular and Irregular Verbs Troublesome Verbs Transitive Verbs Intransitive Verbs

51 55 56 58 60 61

4.6 Linking Verbs 4.7 Simple Tenses 4.8 Progressive Tenses 4.9 Perfect Tenses 4.10 Agreement of Subject and Verb 4.11 Active and Passive Voice 4.12 Indicative Mood 4.13 Emphatic Mood 4.14 Imperative Mood 4.15 Subjunctive Mood 4.16 Modal Auxiliaries

62 64 65 67 68 70 71 73 74 75 77

SECTION 5—Adverbs Daily Maintenance 5.1 Adverbs of Time, Place, and Manner 5.2 Adverbs of Degree, Affirmation, and Negation 5.3 Comparative and Superlative Adverbs 5.4 Adverbs and Adjectives 5.5 Negative Words 5.6 Adverb Phrases and Clauses

79 81 82 83 85 86 88

SECTION 6—Sentences Daily Maintenance 6.1 Subjects and Predicates 6.2 Natural and Inverted Order 6.3 Kinds of Sentences 6.4 Simple and Compound Sentences 6.5 Punctuation of Compound Sentences 6.6 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 6.7 Using Prepositions Correctly 6.8 Prepositions and Adverbs 6.9 Adjective Phrases 6.10 Adverb Phrases 6.11 Complex Sentences, Adverb Clauses

90 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

SECTION 7—Conjunctions, Interjections, Punctuation, and Capitalization Daily Maintenance 104 7.1 Conjunctions 107 7.2 Interjections 108 7.3 Periods 109 7.4 Commas 110 7.5 Exclamation Points and Question Marks 111 7.6 Semicolons 112 7.7 Colons 113 7.8 Quotation Marks 114 7.9 Apostrophes 115 7.10 Hyphens 116 7.11 Capitalization 117 Contents • iii

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SECTION 8—Diagramming

CHAPTER 6—Business Letters

Daily Maintenance 118 8.1 Subjects and Predicates 121 8.2 Direct and Indirect Objects 122 8.3 Subject Complements 123 8.4 Appositives 124 8.5 Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns 125 8.6 Prepositional Phrases 126 8.7 Compound Sentence Parts 127 8.8 Compound Sentences 128 8.9 Interjections 129 8.10 Adverb Clauses 130 8.11 Diagramming Practice 131

LESSON 1 What Makes a Good Business Letter? 157 LESSON 2 Audience, Tone, and Formal Language 158 LESSON 3 Suffixes 159 LESSON 4 Expanding Sentences 160 LESSON 5 Writing to Professionals 161

WRITING CHAPTER 1—Personal Narratives LESSON 1 What Makes a Good Personal Narrative? 132 LESSON 2 Introductions and Conclusions 133 LESSON 3 Dictionary 134 LESSON 4 Revising Sentences 135 LESSON 5 Exact Words 136

CHAPTER 2—How-to Articles LESSON 1 What Makes a Good How-to Article? 137 LESSON 2 Order, Accuracy, and Completeness 138 LESSON 3 Transition Words and Phrases 139 LESSON 4 Sentence Types 140 LESSON 5 Instructional Graphics 141

CHAPTER 3—Descriptions LESSON LESSON LESSON LESSON LESSON

1 2 3 4 5

What Makes a Good Description? 142 Writing a Description 143 Sensory Language 144 Misused and Confusing Words 145 Thesaurus 146

CHAPTER 4—Persuasive Writing LESSON 1 What Makes Good Persuasive Writing? 147 LESSON 2 Fact and Opinion 148 LESSON 3 Outline 149 LESSON 4 Prefixes 150 LESSON 5 Expanded Sentences 151

CHAPTER 5—Expository Writing LESSON 1 What Makes a Good Expository Article? 152 LESSON 2 Interviewing 153 LESSON 3 Using Quotations 154 LESSON 4 Taking Notes 155 LESSON 5 Homophones 156

CHAPTER 7—Creative Writing: Trickster Tales LESSON 1 What Makes a Good Trickster Tale? 162 LESSON 2 Characters and Setting 163 LESSON 3 Dialogue 164 LESSON 4 Homographs 165 LESSON 5 Rhyming Stanzas 166

CHAPTER 8—Research Reports LESSON 1 What Makes a Good Research Report? 167 LESSON 2 Gathering and Organizing Information 168 LESSON 3 Citing Sources 169 LESSON 4 Roots 170 LESSON 5 Using the Library and the Internet 171

BONUS WRITING CHAPTER 9—Argumentative Writing LESSON 1 What Makes Good Argumentative Writing? 172 LESSON 2 Strong Evidence and Credible Sources 173 LESSON 3 Punctuating Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Elements 174 LESSON 4 Domain-Specific Vocabulary 175 LESSON 5 Digital References and Glossaries 176

CHAPTER 10—Literary Analysis LESSON 1 What Makes a Good Literary Analysis? LESSON 2 Comparing Literary Works LESSON 3 Using Transitions LESSON 4 Precise Language LESSON 5 Close-Reading a Literary Text

177 178 179 180 181

CHAPTER 11—Poetry LESSON LESSON LESSON LESSON LESSON

1 2 3 4 5

What Is a Narrative Poem? 182 Description and Plot 183 Using Transitions in Narrative Poetry 184 Figurative Language 185 Active Reading 186

iv • Contents

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Tips for Daily Maintenance Dear Student: The Daily Maintenance is a daily exercise that allows you to practice grammar skills you have already learned. Recall these tips as you complete each Daily Maintenance set: • First, read the sentence and all the questions in the set. • Think carefully about what will answer each question: Will the answer be the name of a part of speech? Will you need to identify a particular word from the sentence? • Identify the parts of speech used in the sentence. • Recall what you have previously learned about grammar. • Write answers first for any questions you find easy. • Once you have answered all the items you can, diagram the sentence. Diagramming helps you see how the parts of a sentence work together. A diagram might help you figure out the answers you don’t know. • Remember to work neatly as you write your answers and draw the diagram. • If you are still unsure of an answer, use what you know to write the best answer you can. • Read over your answers carefully. • Check that you have written an answer for each question. • Check that you have spelled words correctly.

• When your teacher reviews the answers, listen attentively and ask questions if something is unclear. Be sure to pay close attention to the questions that you had trouble answering. What you find out today may appear on the next day’s Daily Maintenance set. The Daily Maintenance allows you to check your progress in the grammar skills you are studying this year. It can help you figure out where you need to focus your energy. By using these tips and monitoring your own progress, you can master grammar skills for your grade. With practice, grammar skills will become second nature, and your writing will be stronger.

Tips for Daily Maintenance • 1

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SECTION 1 Daily Maintenance Daily Maintenance Grade 6 1.1 1.1 The presidential candidates will give their speeches tonight. 1. What is the simple predicate in the sentence? 2. What tense is the verb? 3. What is the simple subject of the sentence? 4. What is the object of the verb? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.2 I will have completed the assignment by tomorrow.

1.2

1. What is the simple predicate in the sentence? 2. What tense is the verb? 3. What is the subject of the sentence? 4. What is the person of the subject? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.3 The steam engine clatters across the wooden tracks.

1. What is the complete subject in the sentence? 2. What tense is the verb? 3. What is the prepositional phrase? 4. What word describes engine? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.3

2 • Section 1

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1.4 We saw Mrs. Lopez at the supermarket today.

1. What is the common noun in the sentence? 2. What is the proper noun? 3. Is the verb regular or irregular? 4. What part of speech is the word today? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.4

1.5 After dinner they tossed the cans into a big bin.

1.5

1.6

1. What is the pronoun in the sentence? 2. Is the pronoun singular or plural? 3. What is the object of the verb? 4. Which word is an adjective? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.6 The girl in the pink dress is my sister.

1. What is the subject complement? 2. What noun does it rename? 3. What is the simple predicate of the sentence? 4. What kind of verb is it? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.7 His sister is older than my brother.

1.7

1. Is the sentence imperative or declarative? 2. What are the possessive adjectives? 3. Which word is an adjective? 4. What kind of adjective is this word? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

Section 1 • 3

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1.8 Place your dirty clothes in the hamper.

1. Is the sentence imperative or declarative? 2. What is the subject of the sentence? 3. What kind of word is your? 4. What is the article in the sentence? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.8

1.9 The Wilsons’ house is the biggest one on our block.

1. What is the simple predicate in the sentence? 2. What kind of verb is it? 3. What kind of adjective is biggest? 4. Which word shows possession? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.9

1.10 My sister and I play volleyball and tennis.

1.10

1. What is the complete subject of the sentence? 2. What kind of subject is this? 3. What are the objects of the verb? 4. What part of speech is and? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.11 Our friend trains dogs, but he owns cats.

1. Is this sentence simple or compound? 2. What is the coordinating conjunction? 3. What are the direct objects in the sentence? 4. Which word is a possessive adjective? 5. Diagram the sentence on another sheet of paper.

1.11

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1.1

Singular and Plural Nouns A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. A plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea.

Write the plural form of each noun.

1. dish

7. fish

2. box

8. peach

3. valley

9. leaf

4. batch

10. window

5. deer

11. gentleman

6. spyglass

12. chief

Underline the singular nouns once and the plural nouns twice.

13. The books for my report are on the top shelf. 14. Some children ride to school on a bus. 15. I visited twenty stores at the mall to find this dress. 16. We trimmed the bushes and mowed the lawn. 17. Yesterday he bought a new cage for his mice. 18. I have three brothers and one sister. 19. Our backyard includes benches and a barbecue. 20. The pool is full of swimmers on hot summer days. 21. Can you put the boxes and shoes in the closet? 22. The principal reminded the students to report to the gym. 23. The artist gathered the supplies she would need for her project. © Loyola Press. Voyages in English Grade 6

24. I don’t want any tomatoes or bits of onion on my taco. 25. Several moose wandered across the highway, blocking vehicles for hours. Write three sentences. Circle the singular nouns. Underline the plural nouns.

For additional help, review pages 2–3 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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1.2

More Singular and Plural Nouns To make some nouns plural, you must change the spelling before you add -s or -es. Some plural nouns have irregular spellings. The plurals of some compound nouns are made by adding -s to the principal word.

Write the plural form of each noun. Use a dictionary if necessary.

1. country

7. hero

2. shelf

8. classroom

3. echo

9. sister-in-law

4. chimney

10. belief

5. city

11. secretary

6. crisis

12. chief of staff

Complete each sentence with the plural form of the word in parentheses.

13. These outdated

(stereo) should go in the trash.

14. It is not wise to make 15. What kind of

(enemy). (berry) are in the fruit salad?

16. We saw some cute baby 17. These roasted 18. The men’s

(monkey) at the zoo. (potato) are delicious. (wife) meet for breakfast on Sundays.

19. Strong winds broke several 20. There were 21. Parasitic

(branch) of the oak tree. (calf) born last spring on this farm. (louse) live in the hair of humans.

Rewrite the sentences so the plural nouns are spelled correctly. © Loyola Press. Voyages in English Grade 6

22. Mary’s daughter-in-laws have the most amazing lifes.

23. These womans plan partys for Hollywood movie studioes.

24. Many employee help the ladys plan and prepare for these eventes.

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For additional help, review pages 4–5 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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1.3

Concrete and Abstract Nouns A concrete noun names something that can be experienced by the five senses. An abstract noun names something that cannot be experienced by the five senses. It expresses an idea, an emotion, a quality, or a condition.

Underline the concrete nouns once. Underline the abstract nouns twice.

1. Alyssa told me she values our friendship. 2. I owe some of my success to my parents. 3. Our discussion resulted in many positive changes. 4. Carl’s enthusiasm made other students join the cause. 5. We watched the fireworks in amazement. 6. This book features stories about heroes who overcame adversity. 7. Firefighters and police officers often face danger. 8. As an artist, I sometimes find inspiration in my garden. 9. I admire Martin Luther King Jr. for his strength and determination. 10. Regular activity is one way to improve your health. Write whether each noun is abstract or concrete.

11. computer

17. criticism

12. peace

18. water

13. friend

19. staircase

14. bravery

20. motherhood

15. success

21. sincerity

16. invitation

22. telephone

Rewrite each sentence. Replace each concrete noun with an abstract noun.

23. I admire my mother’s shoes.

24. He was honored for his invention.

25. He greatly values money.

For additional help, review pages 6–7 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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1.4

Nouns as Subjects and Subject Complements A noun used as a subject tells what a sentence is about. A noun used as a subject complement renames the subject. A subject complement follows a linking verb.

Underline the subject in each sentence.

1. The championship players felt nervous before the game. 2. The girl with red hair is my sister. 3. At the last minute, Jenny canceled the surprise party for Sara. 4. The tickets for the concert are on the dining room table. 5. On warm summer days, my family goes to the beach. 6. These earrings will be a lovely gift for my mother. 7. After the play the audience clapped and cheered for the performers. 8. Matt’s face turns red due to his nervousness. Underline the subject complement in each sentence.

9. On cold winter days, cats are cozy companions. 10. After the game, the coaches were the only people on the field. 11. The tall man on the right is my father. 12. This locker is the location for my books. 13. The last book on the reading list is a biography. 14. The students on stage are members of the drama club. 15. After a workout at the gym, my favorite snack is a banana. 16. These pink balloons will be the perfect decorations for Lin’s birthday party. © Loyola Press. Voyages in English Grade 6

Write two sentences for each word. In one sentence, use the word as a subject. In the other sentence, use the word as a subject complement.

17. gift

18. goal

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For additional help, review pages 8–9 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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1.4

Underline each subject once. Underline each subject complement twice. Not all sentences have a subject complement.

1. William Shakespeare was a famous playwright in England. 2. Many words we use today were invented by Shakespeare. 3. Stratford-upon-Avon was the location where Shakespeare was born. 4. Shakespeare is also known as “The Bard.” 5. The Globe Theatre in London was home to Shakespeare’s acting company. 6. Audience members paid a penny to stand in front of the stage. 7. All the performers were men. 8. King James I was a patron of Shakespeare’s work. 9. The king gave special honors to the acting company. 10. Today, Shakespeare’s plays are performed in many different languages. Underline each subject complement twice. Underline the subject it renames once.

11. Mrs. Kodama is a writing teacher at our school. 12. The technology center is the location where students can find online resources. 13. The last student in the library is Kendra. 14. These books are resources for her report on Kenya. 15. The band members are all accomplished musicians. © Loyola Press. Voyages in English Grade 6

16. Their music director is Mr. Wilson. 17. Jim is the quarterback for the football team. 18. A mustang is our school’s mascot. 19. Too many students will be passengers on the school bus. 20. Those eight videos are my favorite movies. On another sheet of paper, write two sentences, each using the words friend and reward as subject complements. Circle the subject each subject complement renames. For additional help, review pages 8–9 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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Nouns as Objects A noun used as a direct object answers the question whom or what after an action verb. As an indirect object, it tells to whom or to what, or for whom or for what the action is done. A noun can also be the object of a preposition.

Underline the direct object in each sentence.

1. I mailed two large packages to my cousin in Arizona. 2. She wrote a thank-you note for the gift. 3. The guests brought many tasty dishes to the potluck. 4. The students will sell raffle tickets to raise money for their trip. 5. After the play the excited fans tossed flowers on the stage. 6. Every morning Kate prepares breakfast for her family. 7. Before each final exam, the students carefully review their notes. 8. Brian researches and writes articles for the school newspaper. Underline the indirect object in each sentence.

9. Eliza sent her sister an invitation to the party. 10. Each night, my dad tells my younger brother a bedtime story. 11. Mom promised Jackie a new case for her guitar. 12. I bought my friend a new wallet for his birthday. 13. Mrs. Rios gave many students their grades on the last day of school. 14. Grant offered Nick a slice of pizza. 15. Our biology teacher shows our group pictures of interesting plants and animals. 16. We handed the exhausted racers cups of water during the marathon.

Underline the object of the preposition in each sentence.

17. The baby cried when his favorite toy rolled under the bed. 18. Keith happily drove his new car around the block. 19. Last Sunday the hot-air balloons floated high above our house. 20. Please place your completed essays on my desk. 21. A group of students organized the holiday concert. 22. During the storm, thunder boomed and lightning flashed.

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For additional help, review pages 10–11 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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1.5

Add an indirect object to each sentence. Underline the direct object.

1. Liz lent

a pretty blue dress for the party.

2. We sent

some flowers as a surprise.

3. Yesterday Ryan told

a funny joke.

4. I gave

the paper that was due today.

5. Please show

the way to the gym.

6. Did you buy

the toy he wanted?

Add a preposition and an object to each sentence. Circle the object.

7. The strange sound came

8. Chris found his homework

9. Because it had just rained, we stepped carefully 10.

, they walked to the park.

11. I watched the dog chase the cat

Write whether each underlined word is a direct object (DO), an indirect object (IO), or an object of a preposition (OP).

12. I showed my friends photos of my trip to Mexico. 13. Claire found the key under the couch. 14. The pitcher threw the ball to first base.

15. Jeff handed me a pencil for the geometry test. 16. Mrs. Endo posts challenging brainteasers on the board. 17. The server brought me a salad by mistake. 18. Don’t forget to give Mark his book about sharks. 19. The attendant gave the young girl a magazine. 20. She thanked the woman for her thoughtfulness. On another sheet of paper, write a sentence that includes a direct object, an indirect object, and an object of a preposition. Label each object. For additional help, review pages 10–11 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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More Nouns as Objects A noun used as a direct object answers the question whom or what after an action verb. As an indirect object, it tells to whom or to what, or for whom or for what the action is done. A noun can also be the object of a preposition.

Underline the verb in each sentence and add a direct object.

1. The little boy accidentally kicked the

over the fence.

2. The company sent me this

in response to my letter.

3. After the awards ceremony, Elise hugged her 4. I carefully pushed the

. across the floor.

5. Our class made

for the art show.

6. We completed our

before the deadline.

7. They ordered

for the soccer team.

8. In my rush for the bus, I dropped my

Add an indirect object to each sentence and underline the direct object.

9. Paul often offers

tickets to his band’s shows.

10. They will build

a new home.

11. He usually makes

dinner on Friday nights.

12. Cindy might bring

a souvenir from Rome.

13. Did Mr. Barber teach

the new song?

14. This tour bus provides 15. We will give

many opportunities to explore Boston. the keys to the cabin this weekend.

16. Do you know who sent

these beautiful roses?

17. I checked the closet, and Alex searched

18. The next performance starts

19.

, a crowd of people gathered on the sidewalk.

20. This author’s latest book features stories

21. Every weekend Tori takes her younger sister

22.

, my family likes to take trips.

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For additional help, review pages 12–13 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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Complete each sentence with a preposition followed by an object.

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Possessive Nouns A possessive noun expresses possession or ownership. Possessive nouns have singular and plural forms.

Write the singular possessive form and the plural possessive form of each noun.

1. man

2. author

3. headdress

4. scientist

5. lady

6. teammate

7. inspector

8. musician

9. secretary

10. mouse

Underline the possessive nouns once and the thing owned or possessed twice.

11. It took me more than 10 hours to sew the twins’ dresses. 12. My mother-in-law’s garden contains flowers that attract butterflies. 13. The strong wind blew Frank’s hat right off his head. 14. A shark’s mouth is big enough to hold hundreds of teeth. 15. Are these the new offices for the company’s employees? 16. The two countries’ presidents have been friends for many years.

17. By spring’s end, many deer’s antlers litter the forest floor. Rewrite each phrase using a possessive noun. Use the new phrase in a sentence.

18. frustration of the travelers

19. rooms of the children

20. cat that belongs to Mr. Walters

For additional help, review pages 14–15 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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1.7

Possessive Nouns A possessive noun expresses possession or ownership. Possessive nouns have singular and plural forms.

Rewrite each phrase using a possessive noun.

1. scent of the roses 2. recipes of the chef 3. whistle of the referee 4. possessions of the man 5. needles on the compasses 6. charts of the patients 7. strategy of the opponent 8. guests of the hotel 9. luggage of the travelers 10. masterpiece of Mr. Jones Underline the possessive noun once. Underline the thing owned or possessed twice.

11. The attorneys for both sides will meet in the judge’s chambers. 12. Do you know what happened to Nicole’s notebook? 13. My children’s teachers are all very good. 14. Have they delivered the secretaries’ new desks? 15. The players’ uniforms are worn and need to be replaced.

Complete each sentence with the correct possessive form of the noun in parentheses.

17. These

(girl) dresses have red stripes.

18. Have you seen my 19. That

(father-in-law) glasses? (supervisor) office is on the second floor.

20. My older 21. The

(brother) rooms are bigger than my room. (woman) restroom is closed for cleaning.

22. This weekend the

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(museum) new exhibit opens. For additional help, review pages 14–15 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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16. My son-in-law’s hair is very short.

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1.8

Nouns Showing Separate and Joint Possession Separate possession occurs when two or more people own things independently. Joint possession occurs when two or more people own something together.

Underline the phrase that shows possession. Write whether the phrase shows separate or joint possession.

1. Kim and John’s house is next to the park. 2. We searched for Carla’s and Lisa’s cars in the parking lot. 3. Tina’s and Tom’s books are on the table. 4. This morning the store will deliver Ana and Pablo’s TV. 5. The dog’s and cat’s pet licenses need to be renewed. 6. I enjoyed Jason and Steve’s new song. 7. Jim and Pamela’s boat is moored at the new marina. 8. Mom’s and Grandma’s childhoods were equally fascinating. Rewrite each expression to show separate or joint possession. Then use the new expression in a sentence.

9. the books shared by Molly and Nick

10. the baby of Mrs. Sims and the baby of Mrs. Cortez

11. the tail of the horse and the tail of the dog

12. the vacation that Taylor and Keesha took together

13. the car that my mother and father own

14. the house of Eva and the house of Paulo

For additional help, review pages 16–17 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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Nouns Showing Separate and Joint Possession Separate possession occurs when two or more people own things independently. Joint possession occurs when two or more people own something together.

Rewrite each sentence, changing the spelling and punctuation to indicate separate or joint possession.

1. Evan and John team won the game.

2. Misty and Cara presentation was very informative.

3. Tom and Tina class schedules are the same.

4. Noel and Jacob skateboards are next to the door.

Rewrite each sentence with the correct possessive forms of the nouns.

5. Carrie’s and Leah’s cat has orange stripes.

6. Will you be attending Mark’s and Julie’s wedding this weekend?

7. They want to buy Trent and Jason’s surfboards.

Write two sentences. Show separate possession in the first sentence and joint possession in the second sentence.

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For additional help, review pages 16–17 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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8. The topics of Sofia and Gilbert’s personal narratives are very different.

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1.9

Appositives An appositive is a word that follows a noun and explains its meaning. An appositive phrase is an appositive and its modifiers.

Underline the appositive phrase once and the noun it explains twice.

1. We vacationed in Florida, the Sunshine State. 2. The Tour de France, a bicycle race, has cyclists from all over the world. 3. The explorer Meriwether Lewis recorded information about the Louisiana Purchase. 4. I held onto the locket, my lucky charm. 5. Mr. Davis, the soccer coach, set up the goal on Saturday morning. 6. Susan Robinson, a doctor, sees many patients every day. 7. We had a cup of gazpacho, a cold soup, for lunch. 8. Paul shared his pet, a furry, brown hamster, with the class. 9. We read The Cay at the request of Mrs. Levenson, our English teacher. 10. I baked my mom a yellow cake, her favorite dessert. 11. Her birthday, the first day of September, is coming up soon. The appositive or appositive phrase in each sentence is underlined. Circle the noun it explains. Then write whether the appositive is restrictive or nonrestrictive.

12. Marco, my older brother, likes to play tennis. 13. Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath depicts hardships for families. 14. Dara Torres, an Olympic swimmer, practices several hours a day. 15. Trish’s favorite show, Survivor, airs on Thursday nights. 16. Eric Clapton’s song “Tears in Heaven” is dedicated to his son. © Loyola Press. Voyages in English Grade 6

17. I earned a B in biology, my most difficult subject. 18. Fallingwater is a residence designed by the architect Frank Lloyd Wright. 19. I sent my friend Alicia flowers for her birthday. 20. Maria’s dog, a beagle, won best in show for the first time. 21. We were surprised to see Tom Hanks, the movie star, at the bank. 22. The inventor Thomas Edison slept very little each night. 23. The flowers, roses and lilies, were a thoughtful gift. For additional help, review pages 18–19 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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1.10

Words Used as Nouns and Verbs Many words can be used as nouns or verbs. Nouns are naming words. Verbs express action or a state of being.

Use each word in the box to complete two of the sentences below. For each sentence, write whether the word is used as a noun or a verb. skate paint step

1. It’s muddy, so watch where you

2. The blade on his 3. Mariah can

needed sharpening. quite gracefully across the ice.

4. The top

of the staircase is icy.

5. I usually

landscapes with watercolors.

6. Clark chose green

for the bedroom walls.

Write whether each italicized word is a noun or a verb.

7. Did Patty call you last night after practice? 8. Flip the switch to illuminate this darkened room. 9. I cook dinner for my family on Friday nights. 10. I have a question about this math problem. 11. Mr. Stevens cannot take your call right now. 12. Let’s switch sides for the next game. 13. Franco is employed as a cook at the diner on Main Street. 14. The investigators question all witnesses at the crime scene.

For each of the following words, write a sentence that uses the word as a noun and another that uses it as a verb.

16. reply

17. break

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For additional help, review pages 20–21 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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15. We called off the search for the missing dog when it became dark.

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Words Used as Nouns and Adjectives Many words can be used as nouns or adjectives. A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. An adjective describes a noun.

Write whether each italicized word is a noun or an adjective.

1. The fire truck raced to the scene of the accident. 2. Chemistry studies the changes in energy and matter. 3. Who is on the cover of that magazine? 4. Our new history teacher is Mr. Delgado. 5. The police completed an accident report. 6. I need to renew my magazine subscription this month. 7. History is Robert’s favorite subject. 8. His sister prefers the challenges posed by her chemistry class. Write a word that can be a noun or an adjective to complete each sentence pair. Use the sentence context as clues. Write if the word is used as an adjective (ADJ) or as a noun (N).

9. The Flores family attended the antique

show at

the convention center. The family

was packed and ready for the trip.

10. Mom bought this begonia at the The banana

11. Tina’s ninth

sale on Sunday. grew five feet that season. is a week from Tuesday.

She will invite many guests to her

party.

For each word, write a sentence that uses it as a noun and another that uses it as an adjective.

12. plastic

13. kitchen

14. professional

For additional help, review pages 22–23 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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LESSON

What Makes a Good Personal Narrative? A personal narrative describes an actual event the writer experienced. It includes an interesting introduction, a body with facts and details, and a conclusion.

Read the personal narrative. Then answer the questions.

Have you ever seen an alligator in the wild? The only alligator I had ever seen was in photographs. Then on our trip to Florida, we traveled on Alligator Alley through the Everglades. Once on this road, I wondered if we’d actually see an alligator from the highway. At first I only saw sunny patches along the sandy banks, but then I saw not one, but many alligators! They looked like muddy, black slabs of clay drying in the warm sun along the canal. Egrets were wading in the shallow water. I certainly didn’t want to get any closer. 1. Underline the sentence that is the narrative’s introduction. Write another introduction for this narrative that might attract the reader’s attention.

2. From what point of view is this paragraph written? How can you tell?

3. Circle the letter of the item that best describes the order of the body in this paragraph. a. travel through Alligator Alley, wonder about alligators, see many alligators b. see many alligators, can’t see their faces, travel through Florida c. travel through Alligator Alley, alligators drying, see many alligators

4. Which sentence does not relate well to the writer’s topic?

5. What specific details does the writer include?

Why are these details effective?

6. Which sentence acts as the conclusion for the narrative?

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For additional help, review pages 212–215 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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LESSON

Introductions and Conclusions An effective introduction engages and leads the reader into the personal narrative. The conclusion helps readers remember what is most important about the narrative.

Rewrite the following sentences to make them more interesting introductions.

1. I had a really bad day at school.

2. I found something interesting when I opened the door.

3. My trip to Alaska was quite memorable.

4. I really liked my mother’s dessert last night.

For each subject, write the letter of the matching conclusion.

5. a narrative about a sporting event

6. a personal narrative about a speech

7. a narrative report about a club’s event

a. However, as nervous as I was, I had looked at my audience, spoken clearly, and gestured as I talked. All my practice had paid off. b. The team’s incredible victory was the perfect ending to my first game as captain. c. As you can see, the funds raised, the recruiting of new members, and the involvement of our current members all helped make this event a success.

8. Choose one conclusion above. Explain why it is an effective ending to a personal narrative.

9. Choose one conclusion above. Write an introduction that might be used to start the narrative.

For additional help, review pages 216–219 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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LESSON

Dictionary A print dictionary contains an alphabetical list of words. Each entry includes the definition, the spelling, the part of speech, and the pronunciation. You use the guide words at the top of the page to quickly locate entries.

Use the guide words on the dictionary pages to write the page on which you would find each word. feedback– fiber

601

filament– flaky

flame– fluoride

602

603

flush– freckle

604

1. flexible page

5. filibuster page

2. fluster page

6. flute page

3. flagrant page

7. fiasco page

4. fitness page

8. feign page

Use the sample dictionary entry to answer the following questions.

rank (rank) n. an official position or job level. My brother holds the rank of lieutenant in the military. v. ranking, ranked To assign a position to something. The coaches ranked our team the highest in the league. adj. Having a strong and unpleasant odor. These gym shoes have a rank smell. 9. What parts of speech are listed for rank in the entry? 10. How many syllables does rank have? 12. Write three sentences using rank. Each sentence should demonstrate a different part of speech.

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For additional help, review pages 220–223 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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11. How many meanings does rank have as a verb?

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Revising Sentences Revise rambling sentences and run-on sentences that contain too many ideas. Use sentences of various lengths to make your writing clearer and more interesting.

Read each sentence. Write R if the sentence needs to be revised. Write OK if the sentence is correct.

1. There were too many cooks in the kitchen my sister Martha was stirring the pancake mix while Dennis tried not to pour too much juice into the glasses.

2. Many bats hibernate; they go into a deep sleep during cold winter months. 3. Weekend trips to the beach are so much fun there are so many things to do surfing, swimming, building sandcastles, playing volleyball.

4. Japan’s high-speed trains are called shinkansen they are also called bullet trains because they can reach speeds of almost 200 miles an hour.

5. This exam takes three hours; it includes sections on math, English, and writing. 6. A red-eye flight typically leaves late at night and arrives early in the morning its name comes from the red eyes passengers sometimes get because of fatigue.

7. We frantically rushed to finish cleaning the house before our guests arrived; Mom quickly vacuumed the living room, while Carrie dashed outside with the trash.

8. It was the worst day ever I spilled orange juice on my new white shirt I went to change and then I missed the bus Mom gave me a ride but I realized I had left my science project at home.

Choose three sentences that you marked with an R above. Revise the sentences to make them clearer. Add or change words and punctuation as needed.

10.

11.

For additional help, review pages 224–227 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

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Exact Words Exact words in a personal narrative help readers visualize the incident. Replace dull, overused words with ones that will create vivid pictures in readers’ minds.

For each set of words, underline the word that is the most exact. Use a dictionary if necessary.

1. fun exciting exhilarating 2. heartbroken upset 3. tiny

sad

microscopic small

4. smelly stinky putrid 5. speak

blurt tell

Use each word you underlined above in a sentence.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Rewrite each sentence with more exact word choices. Use a thesaurus for help.

11. Chris was tired and went to bed.

12. It was a good movie.

13. I was happy when we won the game.

14. We all said that the party was nice.

15. The man’s clothes were old and dirty.

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For additional help, review pages 228–231 in your textbook or visit www.voyagesinenglish.com.

~ pg 136 ~

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