Fuel testing portfolio guide.

Providing confidence in marine fuels, their management and performance.

October 2019. Version 1.0

S UMM AR Y AN D EXPERIENCE

Supporting you to source the fuel you need.

We help to ensure you receive the quality and quantity you expect, manage it safely and optimise its performance.

With fuel accounting for up to 60% of a ship’s operational costs, quality is vitally important. Off-specification or contaminated fuel can adversely affect performance and cause serious damage. Globally, however, fuel quality varies significantly and finding the right fuel will potentially get more difficult with the added pressure on supply from the forthcoming International Maritime Organization (IMO) Sulphur 2020 regulation.

Our world-class fuel specialists can help you validate fuel quality and quantity. We can also support you to manage fuel safely and optimise performance.

We offer technical support and advice at every stage from supply and bunkering to fuel management and system performance. Our fuel database, LR Fuel Finder, is easily accessed online, enabling informed choices about fuel purchasing and management. We can carry out accurate and independent surveys to ensure that you receive the quality and quantity of fuel that you require.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Our fuel testing solutions can reduce the risk of potential problems and our specialist Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis Advisory Service (FOBAS) teams provide 24/7 support, should poor quality fuel be identified. Through our training and advisory solutions, we can also help you to manage fuels safely and effectively and optimise the performance of your fuel system.

To give you added confidence, we have developed a package of services to enable you to comply with the IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation safely and with minimal impact on your operations.

This includes training on the effective management of very-low sulphur fuel oils (VLSFOs) identifying fuel availability through our online LR Fuel Finder, fuel oil chemical screening and compatibility testing. All designed to support you with a smooth transition to new fuels.

We have invested over 40 years in the development of our comprehensive fuel testing and advisory service, FOBAS. With our support, you can feel assured in the quality of your fuels and your regulatory compliance, and rely on the safe, optimised performance of your vessels.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

S UMM AR Y AN D EXPERIENCE

Our fuel testing portfolio.

Click to jump to each section.

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

Fuel quality testing

Fuel quality testing

Fuel system audit

Fuel quality testing

Fuel database

Training

FOBAS engine

Fuel oil chemical screening

Pre-bunker analysis

Ship implementation plans

Lube oil analysis

Fuel oil compatability assesment

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)

Fuel management plan

FOBAS engine assessment programme

Cold flow property analysis

Engineering investigation and advice

Engineering investigation and advice

Fuel oil chemical screening

Bunker quantity survey

Fuel system audit

Ship implementation plans

Training

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

B UN K E R IN G P URCHA S E S UPPO RT

Reduce the uncertainty in bunker purchasing.

Specialist testing and advice to give confidence in the quantity and quality of your fuels.

We understand the challenges you face, as a shipowner or operator, when purchasing marine fuels. Globally, it’s difficult to be certain of quality, and it’s not always easy to check that it’s being delivered in the correct quantity either. As well as providing independent assurance about the quality of fuel, we can verify that you receive the quantity you are expecting too.

Access to our LR Fuel Finder database allows you to make better-informed decisions by comparing data for ports and suppliers and checking availability. Once you’ve chosen a supplier, our bunker purchase support, fuel management and performance services can help you to identify and protect yourself against poor quality fuel. We can test fuel – before, during and after bunkering, and throughout the fuel

system – to help identify and prevent potential problems.

Should poor quality fuel be detected, our world-class FOBAS fuel specialists are available 24/7 to provide expert advice on managing it safely.

We analyse tens of thousands of samples every year and, for over 60% of them, we need to include technical and engineering advice in our reports to ensure safe usage.

When the IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation comes into force, the need to replace around four million barrels a day with 0.50% sulphur fuels will put even more pressure on the supply chain and checking quality will become even more vital.

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

Fuel quality testing

Fuel database

Pre-bunker analysis

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)

Fuel oil chemical screening

Bunker quantity survey

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

Our fuel database helps you to make betterinformed decisions as well as providing independent assurance.

menu

B UN K E R IN G PURCHA S E S UPPO RT

Managing poor quality bunker handling - case study.

CHALLENGE

SOLUTION

A client had bunkered poor quality fuel oil from India resulting in the vessel suffering severe operational problems. Despite having serious operational issues caused by the fuel, they had no choice but to continue the voyage.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

OUTCOME

We provided a step-by-step guidance on how best to continue using the poor quality fuel, along with technical and operational data and evidence to be collected. The fuel supplier was put on on notice with an analytical summary of the fuel quality analysis along with possible problems/damages that could occur during the use of the fuel.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

Our practical guidance on the use of poor quality fuel enabled the vessel to continue.

Guidance received from the FOBAS team helped minimise damage to the engine.

Based on the advice, evidence gathered, and process followed the fuel supplier paid in full for the excessive wear of the damaged engine parts.

menu

B UN K E R IN G P URCHA S E S UPPO RT

Fuel database.

Fuel availability is often a concern, and understanding which fuels are available and which supplier to choose can be a real challenge. With around tens of thousands of fuel samples taken and analysed each year, we hold a wealth of fuel data covering the major ports and suppliers globally. As a fuel testing customer you have access to the fuel database, LR Fuel Finder, via our online customer portal. This data will provide you with the information to make the best decisions on your fuel supply.

Using our online fuel database, LR Fuel Finder, you will have instant access to analysis reports, sample statistics, customisable searches, reports on your fleet data, monthly bunker reports, technical bulletins, bottle tracking and stock control.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

The specialist mapping and comparison functionality of LR Fuel Finder makes it is easy to view, analyse and compare fuel data for different ports and suppliers. It also makes it easy to to visualise the global availability of different fuel products. Designed with usability in mind, LR Fuel Finder intuitively allows you to select up to four ports and/or suppliers and visualise the results graphically to help you to identify the specific information you are looking for. These combinations can be saved for easy reference and you can store as many variations as you wish.

With uncertainty around the availability and quality of the new, low sulphur fuels required to comply with the IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation, our fuel database provides the facility to identify ports that have compliant fuels. Plus as more become available you will be able to visualise this growing global infrastructure.

Key benefits: • Online access anywhere in the world via our online portal.

• Port and supplier fuel comparison and mapping tools.

• Enables visualisation of fuel availability, including IMO Sulphur 2020 compliant fuels.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

Our LR Fuel Finder database will enable you to: • Focus on the quality of IMO Sulphur 2020 compliant fuel and identify ports/suppliers that have supplied 0.50% sulphur compliant fuels via a user-friendly world map.

• View information from the past three months for any port/ supplier combination graphically with the ability to look at the individual results by test parameter. Limits and averages are added to assist in easy visual analysis of the data.

• Download fuel quality data from the past three months for any port/supplier combination. This can be downloaded in either CSV or XLSX formats.

• Compare up to four port/supplier combinations and view the comparison results graphically using two different charting techniques presented side by side in order to help you hone in on the specific information you’re looking for.

• Download a detailed PDF of your compared port / supplier combinations, providing a fuel quality summary including the number of tests that have failed the ISO8217 specification limits per test.

Find out more here

menu

B UN K E R IN G PURCHA S E S UPPO RT

Pre-bunker analysis.

Our pre-bunker analysis service provides an independent assessment of the quality of the fuel while it’s still on the bunker barge prior to delivery. Our surveyor takes representative samples from the barge tanks and sends them for testing in a local laboratory. You’ll receive the analysis before the fuel is delivered, so you can decide with our experts to either accept or reject the fuel based on objective and empirical data.

With the variability of global fuel quality, it is important to avoid the cost of removing and replacing poor quality fuel by preventing it from being delivered onboard in the first place.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Pre-bunker analysis requires careful management of processes and stakeholders. A global network of experienced surveyors are ready to help support and advise you on what is required to achieve a successful analysis. It should be considered early in the procurement process and would include agreement that the bunker barge would be sampled and providing instructions to the supplier.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

Having your fuel tested before bunkering also shows your supplier that you take fuel quality seriously. As one of the industry’s most respected names – and longest-established fuel testing services – LR has credibility and authority with all reputable suppliers. Our logo is your assurance of impartiality and expertise, wherever you are in the world.

With access to a global network of laboratories, we can carry out local fuel oil compatibility testing. This fast turnaround enabled by local low sulphur fuel testing, can provide you with confidence on whether to receive bunkers and how to safely manage a new fuel on board.

Key benefits: • Independent assessment of fuel quality before bunkers are delivered.

• Reduce the risk of the delivery of poor-quality fuel on board.

• Pre-bunker analysis available in all major ports, globally.

• Local facilities in key ports allowing fast turnaround of analysis if required.

• Local fuel oil compatibility testing to enable safe management of low sulphur fuels.

menu

B UN K E R IN G PURCHA S E S UPPO RT

Fuel quality testing.

Poor quality or contaminated fuel can put the safety, operational and environmental performance of ships at risk.

Bunker quality is highly variable across the world, with secondary refining and blending processes increasing the risk of contamination. Therefore it’s vital you know the fuel you are buying and using is precisely as specified and suitable for use. You need to know that it is not likely to cause damage to the engine, machinery, be a threat to the environment or indeed a danger to the crew.

and analysis reporting. Plus when faced with suspected fuel-related problems, our experienced professional engineers can also provide practical guidance in dealing with fuel quality issues, supported by detailed analysis reports and a wealth of experience.

The most effective way to manage fuel quality is through regular fuel sampling, analysis and quality assessment.

Our fully integrated testing solution provides ship operators and managers with independent verification of fuel quality as it’s delivered. This is verified and compared to international standards and environmental legislation.

• Analysis results are available within 24 hours of sample receipt at one of our laboratories.

• Uninterrupted access to our online portal for analysis, reporting and stock control.

• High level technical and engineering advice on fuel related matters, 24/7.

• Up-to-date information on key bunker quality issues and changes in legislation or standards.

• Reduced risk and cost of downtime and repairs associated with the use of poor-quality fuel.

We have access to a worldwide network of testing and inspection facilities, so wherever your ships are in the world, we provide rapid response in both sample turnaround times

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Key benefits:

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

B U N K E R IN G PURCHA S E S UPPO RT

Effective fuel management and evidence - case study.

CHALLENGE

SOLUTION

Limiting potentially damaging effects of confirmed off-specification fuel loaded into two empty ship storage tanks. A continuous drip sample was taken during the bunkering operation.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

OUTCOME

The ship was informed of the very poor quality of the fuel and advised not to use it. However the ship was en route at sea with no planned stoppage for 7-10 days.

The situation was reviewed with a plan of mitigating actions to minimise the potentially damaging effects.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

The supplier was put on notice, informed of the FOBAS analysis results and advised of the mitigating actions the ship was taking.

The supplier agreed to compensate for the additional samples and any undue wear on the fuel system and engine components.

menu

B U N K E R IN G PURCHA S E S UPPO RT

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).

FAME is good for the environment, it creates lower exhaust emissions, has low sulphur and is biodegradable. Should FAME be used as a blend stock in marine fuels and what affects will it have on the safe operation of the vessel?

As a result of regulatory requirements to reduce emissions, the use of FAME for transport is rapidly increasing.

Government mandates or incentives are now in place in various parts of the world and serve to encourage inclusion of biodiesel into the conventional diesel fuel pool. Conventional diesel fuel can sometimes be the source of marine distillate fuels i.e. marine diesel oil (MDO) or marine gas oil (MGO) under ISO specification 8217. As such, use of these diesel fuels may result in marine diesel fuels onboard a ship containing biodiesel up to 7.0% v/v.

FAME is a relatively new product to the marine sector with limited long-term practical experience in its effects on marine propulsion systems. However, the information available has identified that there may be specific issues with treatment, engine operations, storage and handling.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Characteristics of FAME that should be considered for use in the marine application are: • Poor oxidation stability leading to long term storage issues.

• Hygroscopic affinity to absorb water with increased risk of microbial growth.

• Difficulties in maintaining homogenous blends.

• FAME material sticks to exposed surfaces (metal and glass) including filter elements.

• Demonstrated poor flow characteristics when at low temperatures.

• It may be corrosive to certain materials. Rubber gaskets, hoses and seals may swell.

Considering the above information, we would always recommend special care to be taken with any fuel that contains FAME as it becomes an increasingly accepted component of bunkers. We can provide a FAME (biodiesel) screening option so that you can be sure what you ordered is what has been delivered.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

We would always recommend care with any fuel that contains FAME as it becomes an increasingly accepted component of bunkers.

menu

B U N K E R IN G PURCHA S E S UPPO RT

Fuel oil chemical screening.

Marine fuels are occasionally prone to the ingress of chemical species that may be harmful to the fuel system and machinery plants on board. These chemicals, if undetected, can cause varying degrees of operational problems or even severe damage to a ship’s fuel system and engine components. In view of this we are well placed to offer additional chemical screening as required.

Screening can be used to identify target chemicals such as styrene, styrene glycol, DCPD, indene (ethylene cracking residues), phenols, chlorinated solvent (dichloroethane), dimethyl adipate (plasticiser), and more. Our screening options are designed to give you a progressive approach for identifying chemical species that may cause damage. These additional layers of protection and assurance over the quality of the fuel being used will provide you a further level of confidence to operate safely.

LEVEL 1 SCREENING:

Our in-house ChemScan procedure uses Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and linked GCMS methodology to trigger the identification of common contaminants within fuel oil samples.

LEVEL 2 SCREENING:

A more comprehensive, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) test method whereby fuel samples are tested to identify the prescribed 27 different chemicals contaminants – in accordance with the industry standard ASTM D7845 – and a further growing list that we have developed over time from experience to give added assurance.

LEVEL 3 SCREENING:

If contamination is suspected but not identified through level 1 or level 2 screening then we can also provide a full forensic assessment to establish any other, less common, contaminants.

Key benefits: • Additional protection and level of assurance of fuel quality to further minimise the risk of damage potentially associated with chemical contamination.

• Increased confidence to operate safely.

• Progressive test methods to enable identification of a wide range of potentially harmful chemicals.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

B UN K E R IN G PURCHA S E S UPPO RT

Chemical contamination of marine fuel - case study CHALLENGE

SOLUTION

Severe operational problems, such as filter blockages and heavy sludge, occurred when a client’s vessel loaded HFO bunkers off Luanda.

The extent of the problems meant that the vessel could not use the fuel.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

OUTCOME

Our FOBAS experts ran an in-depth analysis on the sludge scrapings, storage tank fuel and the supplier commercial sample.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

Based on the analytical comparison of the samples, it was concluded that the fuel loaded was contaminated with some extraneous chemicals (bisphenol, FAME and fatty acids). This was causing problems for the vessel. The client was alerted about the potential damaging effects of such fuel on the fuel system and engine components if usage continued. Following our advice and detailed report, the vessel immediately stopped using the fuel and a case was brought against the fuel supplier.

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

B UN K E R IN G PURCHA S E S UPPO RT

Bunker quantity survey (BQS).

Bunkers still represent the biggest single cost for shipowners and operators. Effective fuel management starts with ensuring that you have received the correct quantity and quality of fuel. Our BQS service gives you this assurance. Experienced bunker surveyors provide accurate and independent bunker inspection and measurement worldwide, for all types of marine fuel grades.

A BQS involves an approved surveyor taking measurements on board the delivery barge or at the shore tank and on the receiving vessel before and after transfer of oil takes place.

The surveyor will check for any irregularities that occur during the bunkering including, for example, checking for any evidence of entrained air (the ‘cappuccino effect’) and take a bunker drip sample in line with industry best practice. A detailed report is provided after each bunker quantity survey, which will also be available on our client online portal.

With the implementation of and growing popularity of volumetric flow and mass flow meter custody transfers, engaging a bunker quantity surveyor to verify the delivered quantity is recommended. Relying on the meters alone does not guarantee that there will be no discrepancies. Surveyors are needed to ensure that the meters system is verified and maintained on a continuous basis to ensure ongoing integrity of the system in accordance with industry practices.

BQS is delivered by a global network of bunker surveyors and is centrally managed by a dedicated team who are available 24/7 to support your needs.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Our surveyors fully understand the international and local regulations that govern bunkering operations and ensure that they are complied with when conducting inspections.

We also offer additional BQS services to help you assess the correct quantities of residual fuel oil, gas oil, lube oil and sludge on board. All surveys are followed by a comprehensive report together with collected historical data from the engine room logbooks (if required). Additional services include: on and off hire surveys, remaining on board (ROB) quantity surveys, witness sampling, witness analysis/seal breaking, sampling jobs and bunker detective surveys.

Key benefits: • The most detailed and comprehensive bunker quantity survey report in the industry.

• Easy access to all reports through our online portal.

• A high level of technical advice and guidance available 24/7.

• Accurate and independent fuel quantity measurement giving assurance of fuel costs.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

F UEL MAN AG EM ENT

Achieve proactive, safe and effective fuel management.

Support, training and testing solutions to help you better understand fuel management, including the new very low sulphur fuel oils (VLSFOs), and help you prepare for and comply with regulation.

FUEL MANAGEMENT Careful planning and management of fuel systems is key to trouble-free ship operations. Failures in this area can have serious consequences. Indeed, a 2018 report by the Swedish Club identified poor fuel management as one of the top three causes of main engine damage, with an average cost per incident of nearly $350,000* Our fuel management support and advisory services can help you to minimise the consequences of poor fuel management.

Tackling the main issues involves regular fuel testing, ensuring that your crew are fully informed and prepared, keeping up to date with the regulatory requirements, and understanding the potential issues around new marine fuel blends.

face-to-face or through our eLearning platform. We can also advise you on the best way to prepare your ships for the IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation and the associated fuel changeover procedures and support you with compliance issues.

Whether it’s understanding fuel oils, how to handle the new very low-sulphur fuels safely, or preparing for the IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation, we can provide specialist training and compliance support.

Fuel quality testing

Training

Ship implementation plans

Fuel management plan

As well as our fuel testing services, we offer practical training courses for the safe and effective management of fuels developed by subject matter specialists, delivered

$350,000

Poor fuel management, according to a 2018 Swedish Club report, is one of the top three causes of main engine damage, with an average cost per incident of nearly $350,000.

*Source: The Swedish Club Main Engine Damage report. https://www.swedishclub.com/media_upload/files/Loss%20Prevention/Main%20Engine%20Damage%202018/TSC-main-engine-web%202018%20%281%29.pdf

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

F UEL MAN AG EM ENT

Ship implementation plan (SIP).

To help prepare ships to meet the upcoming IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation, the IMO is recommending the development of SIPs. A SIP outlines the aspects of ship design and operation that will be directly impacted by the change in regulation and is aimed at encouraging ships to itemise the critical tasks that need to be carried out. These include fuel change risk assessments, switch-over timing, any structural tank or fuel system modifications, cleaning of tanks and crew awareness programmes along with addressing new bunker compatibility challenges and cold flow storage considerations.

For those choosing to comply by using low sulphur fuel we can help you pro-actively manage the transition. The one-off switch from high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) to defined 0.50% maximum sulphur content fuels, will require significant planning with a number of operational aspects being affected.

Our specialists can assist you in the management of fuel risks allowing you to effectively prepare and implement your compliance strategy ahead of the 1 January 2020 deadline and beyond.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Our specialists can assist you in the management of fuel risks, allowing you to effectively prepare and implement your compliance strategy ahead of the 1 January 2020 deadline and beyond.

Key benefits: • Ensure you have the right plan for changes to meet sulphur regulations.

• Reduce risks of changes to design and operation.

• Understand and manage the fuel switch from high-sulphur residual fuel oil.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

F UE L M AN AG EM ENT

Operational problems - case study.

CHALLENGE

SOLUTION

Severe sludging problems caused by fuel were suffered on a new build vessel’s maiden voyage. The vessel had to be anchored to address the fuel issues.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

OUTCOME

The vessel’s technical manager and engineering superintendent requested rapid fuel sample analysis to enable the vessel to continue the voyage. A prompt analysis followed by the results summary, with possible causes and mitigating actions the vessel could take, were provided.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

Our practical guidance on the use of suspected poor quality fuel enabled the vessel to continue her voyage while using the fuel as per guidance received from the specialist team and thus reduced the downtime of the vessel’s operations.

Our fuel oil analysis reports also highlighted the malfunctioning of the automatic viscosity controller which proved to be the right diagnosis which was actioned immediately to save the vessel from any further damage.

As a direct result of dealing with this case the client contracted FOBAS to provide fuel oil analysis to the rest of their fleet.

menu

F UEL MAN AG EM ENT

Training.

Through training courses with LR, you have direct access to the skills and knowledge of world-class subject specialists and professional trainers who make marine training relevant, engaging and effective for participants. You can be confident that you’ll receive training that meets your objectives, develops your staff, and improves your business performance.

BESPOKE TRAINING TO MEET CLIENT SPECIFIC NEEDS

ONBOARD SHIPS - 2020 READINESS FOR USING 0.50% FUELS - eLearning

This course is designed to help you develop the basic knowledge of marine fuel systems and other quality issues.

This will benefit anyone involved in vessel chartering, operations, bunkering processes, fuel oil analysis and procurement or similar commercial roles. No prior knowledge of fuel management is assumed.

With the regulatory landscape changing, there is pressure on marine fuel supply chains which puts extra pressure on all individuals involved to execute a smooth transition to 0.50% fuels. In addition there are other issues facing the marine industry such as the quality of and cost impact of marine fuels on vessel operations. We have in-house experts available to provide bespoke training for your specific needs.

This online course will explore the implications of changing to 0.50% maximum sulphur fuel in 2020. You will find out what you need to do to be prepared and how to mitigate risks by optimising fuel management.

Key benefits:

Key benefits:

• Understand basic components and functionality of marine fuel systems (bunker manifold to exhaust emissions).

• Understand marine fuel quality parameters and their significance on ship operations and impact on machinery.

• Interpret fuel oil analysis reports and identify potential problems.

• We can provide training at a time and location to suit your needs.

• The training can be structured to your specific knowledge gaps and requirements i.e marine fuel management, fuel cost impact analysis.

Find out more here

Find out more here

PRACTICAL APPROACH TO MARINE FUEL MANAGEMENT 1 DAY CLASSROOM BASED COURSE

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

The key objective is to bring awareness onboard ships to understand the variabilities of using 0.50% marine fuels when compared with the fuels they are familiar with using today. This will equip them to know the specific aspects of 0.50% fuels they will need to be alert to and make the necessary adjustment to temperature control, machinery plant arrangements and settings from storage through to combustion, ensuring a safe switch over.

Our eLearning courses benefit from the same level of technical expertise as our proven face-to-face courses, while enabling delegates to access the course online and study at their own pace, at a time and place to suit them making it ideal for training both onboard and onshore team members.

eLearning Key benefits: • Enhance the knowledge and understanding needed to prepare for the receipt and use of 0.50% fuel bunkers.

• Convenient and flexible, easily accessible anywhere online.

• Time and money saving compared to classroom based courses.

• Easily accessed by ship’s staff and senior engineers.

Find out more here

menu

F UE L M AN AG EM ENT

Fuel management plan.

To help you comply with the IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation and beyond, our fuel management plan provides step-by-step procedural guidance covering all aspects of change-over to low-sulphur fuel, data recording and documentation.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Unless they are using an approved exhaust gas cleaning system (EGCS), or other alternative equivalent arrangement, operators must demonstrate that the ship has changed over from high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) to low-sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) before entering an emission control area (ECA). They must also demonstrate that it has not used HSFO before exiting the area.

The plan takes into account numerous factors affecting fuel changeover including fuel sulphur content, fuel consumption and fuel tank arrangement. You receive a shipboard manual which provides a record of the ship’s equipment, fuel tank arrangements, fuel capacities and equipment data, together with a list of actions to be taken in each operational mode when entering or leaving an ECA. It covers all potential scenarios and provides clear instructions and safety guidelines

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

to help ensure a safe and controlled change-over process.

The plan simplifies the inspection and verification of the change-over procedure by inspectors and surveyors, and helps you easily demonstrate compliance.

Verification will provide assurance that the change-over procedure is being followed.

Along with each plan, we also provide a copy of our Marine Fuel Sulphur Record Book, which is endorsed by the UK’s Maritime and Coastal Agency (MCA). This is designed to capture the operational information needed to demonstrate that the changeover to LSFO complies with the area requirements.

• Provides step-by-step guidance to ships’ crews.

• Helps ensure compliance with existing and emerging regulations.

• Safety precautions are clearly outlined.

• Verification demonstrates that the change-over procedure is safe.

• One copy of the Marine Fuel Sulphur Record Book is included with the plan.

We can also carry out an optional verification survey and issue a certificate stating that the fuel change-over plan is being satisfactorily implemented in accordance with regulations.

Key benefits:

menu

P E R FO R MAN C E M A NAG EM ENT

Optimise the performance of your fuel system.

When it to comes to marine fuels, we do more than help you to source the right quality and quantity and manage it safely and effectively. With our performance management solutions, we can also monitor the efficiency of your entire fuel system and advise on the measures required to improve it.

A detailed audit of your entire fuel handling and treatment systems will check whether each component is working correctly. This will also identify any required adjustments to reduce the risk of potential damage and quality disputes.

Engine performance analysis will pinpoint key conditions that can compromise efficiencies, and we also offer periodic engine monitoring to provide insight into the performance of marine engines.

In situations where fuels may have caused systemic damage, our experts can investigate, advise on how best to proceed and reduce the risk of recurrence. Our combination of experienced chemists using the latest test equipment and marine fuel

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

consultants with in-depth, practical understanding of ships’ systems allows us to identify the root cause of the problem and to support and advise you in how best to proceed.

Our performance management solutions draw on our in-depth understanding of fuels and their behaviour acquired over more than 40 years in fuel oil bunker analysis and advisory support services. By using this extensive knowledge and experience combined with our diagnostic tools or by utilising the wider breadth and depth of knowledge within the LR community, our specialists are here to support you to identify and resolve any problems that occur.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

Fuel system audit

FOBAS engine

Lube oil analysis FOBAS engine assessment programme Engineering Engineering investigation investigation and and advice advice

We can monitor the efficiency of your entire fuel handling and treatment systems and advise on the measures required to improve them.

menu

P E R FOR MAN C E M A NAG EM ENT

Fuel system audit.

Going beyond the testing of fuel quality during bunkering, a fuel system audit tests the effectiveness of the vessel’s treatment system. Carried out at regular intervals, fuel system audits reduce the risk of component damage and quality disputes.

A fuel system audit involves the crew taking measurements across the fuel system on board. From storage and settling tanks to the separator plant, line filters and engine inlet, it checks the fuel quality at every treatment stage. Analysis of samples is taken both before and after fuel passes through each system component. This analysis is used to determine whether each component is working correctly so that any required adjustments can be managed effectively.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Key benefits: • Brings confidence in the use of fuel and in fuel management system effectiveness.

• Reduced risk of component failure.

• Allows increased time between overhauls and therefore reduced running costs.

• Enablement of better specific fuel oil consumption.

• Informed management of the risks in cases of borderline quality fuels.

• Potential reduction in insurance premiums as it is often recognised by insurance companies as ‘good housekeeping’.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

P E R FOR MAN C E M A NAG EM ENT

Applying fuel management best practice - case study.

CHALLENGE

SOLUTION

Marine fuel oil contamination issues remain an underlying concern for ship operators. A ship under the FOBAS fuel testing programme recently reported operational problems during the use of a high sulphur residual fuel oil loaded in the USA. Standard fuel analysis tests showed the fuel met the requirements of the limits set by the ISO 8217. However when the fuel was used on the main engine, the ship immediately faced filtration problems, severely restricting the fuel flow to the main engine.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

OUTCOME

Our FOBAS experts provided support and guidance at an early stage, advising further samples be taken from across the fuel system, starting at the engine fuel inlet rail, working back to before and after the purification plant and from the original storage tank. The ship was also advised to keep the supplier informed and record all observations, events and actions taken whilst using this fuel.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

The fuel contained fatty acids, Bisphenol Tars, 1-tetradacene and ethylene-based polymer/copolymer - none being part of the refinery process or crude source and thus considered contaminants. The presence of these chemicals was deemed a major factor in the operational problems reported by the ship.

Although surprised at the analysis results, the supplier agreed to offload the fuel and replenish with fresh bunkers.

menu

P E R FOR MAN C E M A NAG EM ENT

FOBAS engine.

Our FOBAS engine analyses eight key condition indicators that significantly affect the efficient operation of your engine: • Fuel oil quality.

• Air cooler and scavenge air.

• Combustion performance.

• Cylinder oil feed rate.

• Cylinder drain oil condition.

• Liner and ring wear.

• System oil condition.

• Engine performance indicators.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

This is combined with advanced dilution theory (Flame ADT) from Flame Diagnostic, which normalises the effects of dilution within the system drain oil to allow meaningful analysis to be carried out. Without this vital process, changing conditions may not be revealed.

Through the combination of the eight-point analysis and ADT, FOBAS engine provides greater insight into the performance of marine engines. In addition, FOBAS engine can help demonstrate condition when proposing survey postponement within the normal survey cycle. The format is also accepted for consideration as part of audit requirements for vessels with the descriptive note, machinery condition monitoring (MCM).

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

Key benefits: • Reduced cylinder lubricating oil consumption.

• Less unplanned downtime due to repairs.

• More fuel-efficient operation, leading to reduced emissions.

• Can contribute towards reduced maintenance costs.

menu

P E R FO R MAN C E M A NAG EM ENT

Lube oil analysis.

Our lube oil analysis service is an independent testing and advisory service, providing an opportunity to establish lube oil characteristics. This serves as an ideal basis for regular condition monitoring of your machinery equipment.

This differs from fuel oil analysis in that we build up test history for each enrolled machine. This helps to identify trends that allow us to detect changes in condition status that may be indicative of issues that require further investigation. These trends can also be used to determine an appropriate course for remedial action. Such actions vary from a simple re-sample and oil top-up or change, through to fuel system maintenance activities such as filter changes or extended monitoring. In some circumstances, there may be emergency indications that machines should be removed from service immediately to prevent further deterioration and instigate repairs.

We have fully qualified and certified specialists (ISO 18436 pt4 Cat I & II), who can not only offer with confidence the requisite diagnostic advice but can also work with you to build and develop your oil analysis programme. Our experts can support

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

in forensic oil analysis and failure investigations to assess and advise you accordingly. This can enable you to identify the source of any oil related technical problem quickly and concisely.

Key benefits: • Reports that are independent of the ship, the lubricant or machinery manufacturer.

• Reports are reviewed individually by qualified analysts to ensure they are correct and technically robust.

• Direct advice is provided for the benefit of the shipowner, operator or manager.

• Recommended course of action and support supplied to ensure a successful implementation.

• Reduced likelihood of unplanned machinery downtime.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

P E R FO R MAN C E M A NAG EM ENT

FOBAS engine assessment programme.

The FOBAS engine assessment programme (FEAP) has been specifically designed as a periodic condition monitoring tool for two-stroke main engines. With over 40 years of FOBAS marine fuel testing and advisory experience combining with extensive engine diagnostic expertise, with no corporate pressure to sell hardware tools, fuels and lubricants, we have the strength and depth to offer objective, independent and pragmatic advice.

FEAP is an easy to use periodic data and sample collection process for ship’s crew providing greater insight into the performance of your engine. Without any capital expenditure required, it offers a significant increase in the day-to-day knowledge of the operational engine performance. This can empower shipboard crews, allowing them to make decisions that can further optimise the engine operating conditions.

Without this vital process, changing conditions may not be revealed.

There are important differentiators which make this FEAP distinctive from the standard drain oil analysis widely offered.

A key one is the unique correction factor applied to normalise the effects of dilution within the system drain oil, which allows us to provide a more meaningful engine condition assessment.

• Less unplanned downtime for repairs.

• Enables more fuel-efficient operation.

• The potential for reduced maintenance costs.

• Can assist with reducing cylinder lubricating oil consumption.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

FEAP is an easy to use periodic data and sample collection process for ship’s crew.

Key engine operational data

Assessment of fuel purifier performance

Fuel purifier samples

Wear condition of cylinder components

System lube oil sample

Sample analysis data processing

Combustion performance assessment

Cylinder drain oil samples

System lube oil performance

Fresh cylinder oil sample

Trends for key operational indicators

Key benefits:

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

P E R FOR MAN C E M A NAG EM ENT

Engineering investigation and advice.

Our experienced marine fuel consultants have a variety of analytical tools at their disposal to identify the root cause of any fuel issue. Suspected poor-quality fuels can be thoroughly investigated by our team to support ship operators and help build their evidence to support any fuel quality claim.

Depending on the problems encountered by the vessel, samples are taken from various points along the vessel’s fuel system. Advised by the marine fuel consultant, these samples can be taken either by the vessel crew or by an appointed independent surveyor. The samples are submitted to one of our designated laboratories where various standard and in-depth analyses can be performed. Forensic tests can be used to identify contaminants.

Key benefits: • Verified independent investigation and assessment by experienced fuel consultants.

• Complete marine testing service using the latest equipment and analytical techniques.

• Enables the successful identification of the cause of fuel related engine damage.

Our combination of experienced chemists using the latest test equipment and marine fuel consultants with in-depth, practical understanding of ships’ systems, allow us to support and advise you in how best to proceed.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

SUL P H U R 2 0 20

Enabling a smooth and safe transition to very-low sulphur fuels.

We’re here to help you to comply with the IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation, safely and with minimal impact on your operations.

The IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation enters into force on 1 January 2020. From that date, all ships will be required to use fuel oils with a maximum 0.50% sulphur content, except those in the existing emmission control areas (ECAs) where the limit remains at 0.10%.

To comply with the new regulation, shipowners or operators have the main options of – using compliant fuel or, with the approval of the ship’s flag Administration, combine HSFOs with an EGCS. Alternatively, they can switch to zero-sulphur fuels such as liquified natural gas (LNG) or methanol.

When the IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation comes into force, the need to replace around four million barrels a day with 0.50% sulphur fuels will put even more pressure on the supply chain, therefore checking quality will become even more vital.

The challenge for all suppliers is to ensure sulphur compliance as well as that of all other characteristics. As a direct result, reducing the sulphur content of a fuel oil can also alter

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

characteristics such as lubricity. Ships’ crews need to be aware of the variations between different fuel formulations and the implications for safe management. Potential incompatibility is a key issue and we are incorporating additional compatibility testing options within our fuel testing services, to help establish which fuels can be safely mixed and how. Furthermore, increased processing may also increase the likelihood of contamination of VLSFOs. To mitigate this risk, we’ve developed fuel oil screening options that provide you with assurance that fuels are safe to use.

The upcoming IMO Sulphur 2020 regulation will require careful planning and preparation to reduce the impact on ship operations, especially in the lead up to implementation.

Our Sulphur 2020 compliance package of services provides a flexible solution for those who decide to switch to VLSFOs. With the expert help of LR, you can prepare for IMO Sulphur 2020 with confidence, minimising the associated risks, so that you can operate safely with the new fuels.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

SUL P H U R 2 0 20

Fuel blending - helping ensure safe passage in fuel emergency - case study.

CHALLENGE

OUTCOME

High levels of silicon and aluminium identified in bunkered fuel, which could cause severe engine failure, on a ship with a critical onward voyage.

SOLUTION Blending of bunkered fuel with on-spec fuel to allow safe passage.

LR’s specialist team identified four separate instances of heavy fuel oil bunkers loaded onto ships in a port with high levels of silicon and aluminium (Si+AI); in excess of 180mg/kg. Such concentrations are far above the ISO 8217 limit of 80mg/kg for heavy fuel oil. The affected vessels were advised not to use the fuel, as this could cause severe engine failure. However, one of the vessels had to complete a long journey to Singapore and the remaining onboard fuel would not be enough to reach their destination, they had no choice but to use some of the fuel bunkered in the port.

The vessel owner contacted the LR FOBAS team and advised them of their intention to mix the fuels then offload the fuel on arrival in Singapore. The owners were asking our team for advice on if this would be achievable. Based on the owner’s information derived from the fuel tests, the experts were able to theoretically calculate the final blend and advised the owners to use the onboard compatibility test kit. This had been supplied to the vessel, to ascertain the potential likelihood that the fuels mixed together were unstable. The vessel confirmed a compatibility rating of #1, which indicated a stable blend between the fuel bunkered in both ports.

Although we generally recommend that fuels from different sources should not be blended, the all-inclusive FOBAS sample bottle kit allowed for an emergency assessment to be performed, to ensure the risk of compatibility problems between the fuels was mitigated.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

S UL P H U R 2 0 20

Our services to support you in compliance.

SULPHUR 2020

Fuel quality testing Fuel oil bunker analysis and advice to reduce the risk and cost of downtime and repairs associated with the use of poor-quality fuel.

Fuel quality testing

Read more

Fuel oil chemical screening We use level 1 screening (ChemScan) to reduce the risk of the common contaminants. Further screening options are available to identify a wider range of contaminants.

Fuel oil chemical screening

Fuel oil compatability assesment

Read more

Cold flow property analysis

Engineering investigation and advice

Fuel oil compatibility assessment An expansion of our fuel testing service to incorporate fuel compatibility assessment. This can be achieved through relatively minor amendments to the fuel oil testing procedure on board. For any incompatibility concerns further testing can be used to determine if you can mix fuels, how, and in what ratios.

Fuel system audit

Cold flow property analysis New low-sulphur residual fuel blends can produce wax related sludge during separation if fuel temperatures are set by only considering viscosity of the fuels. We offer analysis to determine the temperature at which fuel ceases to flow (pour point), the temperature at which wax in distillate crystalises to give a cloudy appearance (cloud point) and the lowest temperature that distillates will still pass through a fine filter on board (cold filter plugging point).

These tests will identify the optimum fuel temperature for purifier inlet, which may be slightly above the usual recommended temperature for corresponding fuel viscosity.

This reduces the risk of wax related sludge generation.

Engineering investigation and advice Our combination of experienced chemists and marine fuel consultants can help you to understand how best to proceed in the management of poor quality or contaminated fuel, or damaged fuel systems.

Fuel system audit Going beyond the testing of fuel quality during bunkering, a fuel system audit tests the effectiveness of the vessel’s treatment system. Carried out at regular intervals, fuel system audits reduce the risk of component damage and quality disputes.

Read more

Ship implementation plans Makes sure that you have the right plan in place to manage the ship design and operational changes required.

We’ll help you create and implement your strategy.

Read more

Training Ensure that your people, on board and onshore, understand the regulation and how to handle new fuels safely. This can be provided face-to-face or via our eLearning platform.

Read more

Read more

Ship implementation plans

Training

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

SULPHUR 2020

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

menu

Adding value to every stage

O U R W ID E R C A PA BIL ITY

One constant, wherever and whenever you need us.

LR’s network of 300 national and regional offices, spread across six operating areas, puts our customers around the world first, giving you access to our advice and expert service delivery from Ålesund to Zhoushan.

And, wherever you are, you can be confident that our entire team of specialists is never more than a phone call or email away.

SUMMARY AND EXPERIENCE

BUNKERING PURCHASE SUPPORT

FUEL MANAGEMENT

Innovation

CAPEX assessment

Design

Build and commissioning

Operation

Life extension

Decommissioning and recycling

We are conducting world-class research and development into design, construction and operation for the next 20 years and beyond.

Before committing time and resources to developing your asset, you need to be sure it’s technically, commercially and financially feasible.

You also need accurate valuations for cashflow purposes, and to ensure the asset delivers the expected lifetime return.

At the design stage, our appraisal services and software give you confidence that your asset will comply with all class and statutory requirements.

At the build and commissioning stage, we help you ensure that assets are delivered to meet all contractual requirements.

In service, we help you keep your assets compliant, safe and performing reliably, enabling you to deliver business as usual and minimise downtime.

We can help you best manage the operational life of your assets. By assessing their condition, we provide you and your clients with assurance of their integrity.

We can also help you implement the latest technologies, and understand what return on investment to expect, so that you can increase performance and be more competitive in the market.

We can also work with you to extend the life of your assets.

At the end of your asset’s life, our services help you comply with recycling requirements and provide added confidence that you are conducting a safe and sustainable decommissioning process.

If you are developing novel technology, we can qualify its compliance and performance, helping you attract investment, prove your business case and find a route to market.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

Our technical and financial specialists will help you identify operational benefits, potential risks and lifetime returns, and provide the clear, robust advice you need to make informed investment decisions.

SULPHUR 2020

We can also work with you to optimise your design so it achieves the best possible performance and return on investment.

OUR WIDER CAPABILITY

We also help you make the right decisions when investing in designs and technologies.

In line with your business needs, we can identify any remedial work or renovations that are required.

menu

lr.org/en/fuel-testing/

October 2019 Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.

Enquiries should be addressed to Lloyd’s Register, 71 Fenchurch Street, London, EC3M 4BS. © Lloyd’s Register 2019.