BOGOTA - HISTORY AND CONTEXT
7
7 3 2
MONTERREY SAN DIEGO
MEXICO CITY PANAMA CITY BOGOTA 2003
BOGOTA 1993 WASHINGTON RIO DE JANIERO SAO PAULO
CARACAS MEDELLIN 2003
CRIME AND SAFETY: CITY SCALE
140 133 120 97 92 100 80 80 62 60 50 39 40 28 27 27 23 20 19 20 0
SITE - NEIGHBORHOOD
HOMICIDE RATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTS (1985-2004)
CRIME RATES IN BOGOTA, COLOMBIA
DEATHS PER 100,000 INHABITANTS
HOMICIDE RATES IN CITIES IN THE AMERICAS (2004)
LEVEL OF CRIME CRIME INCREASING IN THE PAST 3 YEARS WORRIES HOME BROKEN AND THINGS STOLEN WORRIES BEING MUGGED OR ROBBED WORRIES CAR STOLEN WORRIES THINGS FROM CAR STOLEN WORRIES ATTACKED WORRIES BEING INSULTED WORRIES BEING SUBJECT TO A PHYSICAL ATTACK -RACISM PROBLEM PEOPLE USING OR DEALING DRUGS PROBLEM PROPERTY CRIMES SUCH AS VANDALISM, THEFT PROBLEM VIOLENT CRIMES: ASSAULT, ARMED ROBBERY PROBLEM CORRUPTION, BRIBERY
YEAR
52 20 37 68 47 37 37 39 16 50 47 56 75
SITE - SPATIAL DESIGN
VISUAL CONNECTIVITY VISUAL BARRIER
EDGE PERMEABILITY
COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL INSTITUTIONAL POLICE/MILITARY EDGE PERMEABILITY
LAND USE ANALYSIS OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD AROUND PARQUE TERCER MILENIO
PRIMARY CIRCULATION SECONDARY CIRCULATION TERTIARY CIRCULATION
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
VISUAL CONNECTIVITY FROM INSIDE OUT
VISUAL CONNECTIVITY VISUAL BARRIER
VISUAL CONNECTIVITY FROM OUTSIDE IN
MAX. INTENSITY OF USE MIN. INTENSITY OF USE
INTENSITY OF USE
SOCIAL STRATA 1 SOCIAL STRATA 2 EDGE PERMEABILITY
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL STRATA IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD AROUND PARQUE TERCER MILENIO
HOMELESS/DRUG ADDICT SLEEPING LOCATIONS
ROADS ALLOWING EASY ACCESS MAIN ACCESS POINTS ROADS RESTRICTING ACCESS
ACCESS TO SITE
VISUAL DISCONNECTS CHILDREN’S PLAY AREAS
SAFETY OF CHILDREN’S PLAY AREAS
PUBLIC SPACE
Parque Simon Bolivar
COMPARATIVE PUBLIC SPACE TYPOLOGY FOR BOGOTA Parque Tercer Milenio
TYPOLOGY:
PLAZA
LINEAR: TREE-LINED
MEMORIAL PARKS
WHEN:
COLONIAL ERA
MID 1800’s
LATE 1800’s
WHAT:
CENTER FOR GOV., SOCIAL, RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY EVERYONE
AVENUES
HISTORICAL HERO OF INDEPENDENCE, PASSIVE USES OPEN TO EVERYONE
WHOM:
OPEN TO EVERYONE, BUT DOMINATED BY UPPER CLASS
RECREATION
NEIGHBORHOOD
1930’s, ONWARD IN AND OUT OF Parque Urbano El Virrey
FASHION SOCIAL INTEGRATION, PUEBLA PLAZA OF IMMIGRANTS USED BY LOWER AND MIDDLE CLASSES
RECREATION SPACE
SERVED MIDDLE AND LOWER CLASSES THAT DIDN’T HAVE ACCESS TO PRIVATEBonito Parque Patio SPORTS CLUBS
METROPOLITAN
CITY-CENTER
ECOLOGICAL
1980’s, ONWARD
RECENTLY
1990’s, ONWARD
LARGE SPORTS AND EVENTS
SMALL-MEDIUM CULTURAL PARKS
CITIZEN GROUP-RUN
OPEN TO ALL, UNDER-USED BY ELITE
OPEN TO ALL
OPEN TO ALL, USE RESTRICTIONS DUE TO HIGH VIGILANCE
COMPARISONS: BRYANT PARK, NYC
SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT OF PARKS
COMPARISONS: COLOMBIA Plaza De Bolivar Parque Tercer Milenio Bryant Park, NYC
BRYANT PARK
PARQUE TERCER MILENIO MOVEABLE SEATING
BENCHES UNUSED
Parque Urbano El Virrey
Parque Patio Bonito
PLAN OF BRYANT PARK SHOWING DRUG USE AREAS FOOD KIOSKS, TABLES, CHAIRS
Plaza De Bolivar
SPATIAL DESIGN TYPOLOGIES
INFORMAL MARKET KEPT OUT OF PARK
Bryant Park, NYC
SECTION THROUGH THE BRYANT PARK
LOW GATE + LOW VEGETATION= VISUAL CONNECTION
SLOPED MEDIAN IS BARRIER
TRIANGULATION
PATH WIDTH
PATH GEOMETRY
EDGES AND ACCESS
STREET PARK ELEVATION RELATIONSHIP
WATER SOUND, TOUCH
LIGHTING - NATURAL AND REFLECTED LIGHTING, STREET LIGHTING
3-D VIEW OF THE BRYANT PARK
LUXURIOUS PUBLIC RESTROOMS,MAINTENANCE
STREET IS BARRIER TO ACCESS
STREET FURNITURE
PATHS: VISIBILITY
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ENTRY AT GRADE LEVEL
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OUT OF SCALE? UNUSED?
SCALE OF STREET
VENDORS, CAFES, KIOSKS
WHAT KIND OF INSTITUTION? AND FOR WHOM? SURROUNDING INSTITUTIONS SERVING NEIGHBORHOODS
MEDICAL CHURCHES MUSEUMS
N
LIBRARIES
THE COMMUNITY BACKYARD PROJECT: SERVING BOGOTA
SAN BERNANDO NEIGHBORHOOD FARMERS COOPERATIVE : SERVING THE NEIGHBORHOOD
600 households
100 hh
400 households 500 households
N
food selling - farmers markets community building exercises workshops and training programs community dining halls maintenance and resource management seed banking construction of gardens and ancillary facilities food harvesting and processing vegetable planting irrigation and water management composting
2013
2018
2023
50
50
50
50
50
50
INITIAL UP FRONT GOVERNMENT FUNDS
2028
PERSONAL INVESTMENT FROM PARTICIPANTS
SUSTAINED ECONOMY
IMPLEMENTATION AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH FUNDING PHASES
COMMUNITY GARDENING
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION/AGENCY - The Community Backyard Project
+
SAN BERNANDO NEIGHBORHOOD FARMERS’ CO-OPERATIVE
SEED BANK MAINTENANCE + RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
MAINTENANCE + RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COMPOSTING VEGETABLE PLANTING FOOD HARVESTING WATER MANAGEMENT
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION/AGENCY
SELF CONSUMPTION
FOOD SELLING COMMUNITY DINING HALLS (food for the homeless)
TRAINING PROGRAMS + EDUCATION PARTNERSHIPS WITH SCHOOLS/UNIVERSITIES + VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS
COMMUNITY/NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FARMERS’ MARKETS RESTAURANTS
50
RECREATION
INCOME
Health Access to healthy food Raising awareness Physical activity
Social Integration between social strata Removal of social stigma Empowerment and Mobilization Education Food security Safety Stewardship
Economic Source of income Employment generator Formalization of informal vendors
Ecological Water remediation Soil improvement Dust mitigation Noise absorption Increasing biodiversity
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
RECREATION + RETAIL
Passive recreation
Active recreation
Inter-generational bonding
Restauranting
Farmers markets
Value-added products
Volunteer programs
Team building
Youth leadership training
Community partnerships
School partnerships
Health and wellness education
Food system training
Cooking and nutrition education
Agricultural education
50
Environmental education
Community dining halls
Upkeep and maintenance
Resource management
Seed banking
Food selling
Food harvesting and processing
Vegetable planting
Water management
Rainwater harvesting
Efficient irrigation
Vermi-composting
Organic composting
50
Construction/Woodworking workshops
EDUCATION
Sales training
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION Community based research and organization
FARMING
COMMUNITY GARDEN TYPOLOGIES
EDGE CONNECTION NETWORK
IMPERMANENCE
PERMANENCE
RETAIL/MARKET TYPOLOGIES
STRIP SCHEME WITH DIAGONAL CONNECTORS
STRIP SCHEME WITH RIGHT ANGLE CONNECTORS
STRIP SCHEME WITH SECTIONAL WEAVING
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM EDGE
PEDESTRIAN INTERSECTION EDGES
ULTRA NETWORKED EDGE NODES