SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) Lucie Linderova
1. Sustainability………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 1.1. Energy…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 1.2. Sustainable materials……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6 2. Hamburg introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13 3. IBA Hamburg………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..18 4. Wilhelmsburg Mitte – Energybunker……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19 5. Wilhelmsburg Mitte – neighbourhood…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24 6. IBA smart and hybrid houses……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….26 7. KBNK ARCHITEKTEN GmbH………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….29 8. Other ideas………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….33 9. Sources…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….35
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Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
1. Sustainability Sustainability is the capacity to endure. It´s long-term maintenance of responsibility which has economic, environmental but also social condition. We need to satisfy requirement of contemporary society, the comfort, modern technologies, diversity, accessibility, respect space they need. But also we need to think about future generations which will need to live somewhere too so we don’t have unlimited space to occupy. The building now is trying to be multifunctional so it could change the use later. We should think about materials which can be recyclable or upcyclable. And also know the energy they need during life cycle assessment, the materials is judged according to energy needed for creating but also for demolishing. We have a lot new products which connecting 2 materials using their properties like fibrocement but then after they won´t be useful anymore we won´t be able to disconnect these materials and use them again. Nowadays, our biggest problem is energy consumption. We use lots of machines needed energy and it´s bigger amount each year. That´s why we are trying to use different technics, using climate, the soil conditions, rain water to create renewable energy. We have building requirements to lower needed energy too. We want to build houses properly with right materials using the location like the advantage to not need so much energy during maintenance of building. And also we want to refurbish old building as much as we can because it´s still better according CO2 emissions than demolished them and build again. We are trying to use the local materials to save energy by transport, reuse the heating losses and create new innovate ideas how to save energy. We build passive energy houses, zero energy houses and hybrid houses.
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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A life cycle assessment can help avoid a narrow outlook on environmental, social and economic concerns by assessing each and every impact associated with all the stages of a process from cradle-to-grave to cradle-to-cradle, from raw materials through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. We are trying to achieve cradle –to-cradle with all materials. Three main principles of C2C are: • waste = food • use renewable energy • valuing diversity In high-performance buildings we are using less operating energy, the embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and install building materials may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy consumption. That´s why we want to use local materials from local factories. Passive design uses natural processes – convection, absorption, radiation, and conduction – to minimize energy consumption and improve thermal comfort. All added technologies consumed more energy, to build houses efficiency with lower maintenance is the goal. Green building try to avoid wasting energy, water and materials during construction. Design and building professionals can reduce construction waste through design optimization, the air-tight building choosing right materials can provide stable climate inside without other devices. Sustainable building reduces energy consumption during the life-cycle perspective, provided health, comfort also cultural and social value.
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Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
1.1. ENERGY Renewable energy technology ranges widely, now we can choose a lot of products using sunlight, rainwater, wind or earth to supply building with energy. The most energy we need for cooling and heating. By lowering the air temperature we are also lowering conductive heat loss and loss by ventilation. The worst we can use are electric heaters for large CO2 emissions. The answer is in designing building to not need to many additional heaters. Renewable energy technology
Properties  application
Solar thermal (evac. tube)
Upgrading domestic hot water system for hotels, schools, hospitals; contribution to space heating in buildings with low energy demand and integrated storage system; installation can be integrated with roof refurbishment-cost effective
Solar thermal (flat plate)
Low temperature application such as swimming pool; even unglazed flat-plate collector can be effective
Solar thermal (cladding collector)
Re-cladding in conjunction with external insulation; heated air collected between light-weight absorber and external insulation – best for ventilation pre-heating
Solar water heating
A well-designed, well-installed and well-controlled solar water system can provide around 50% of domestic hot water use
Passive solar design
Use sun´s energy to heating or cooling living space; no mechanical system required; using operable windows, thermal mass, and thermal chimneys; managed through building design
Photovoltaic (grid interface)
Uses power from the central utility when needed and supplies surplus home-generated power back to the utility; re-cladding panels and roof tiles; opaque PV used as shading device, geometry for optimum collection and shading tends to coincide; semi-transparent PV used for reduces transmissions glazing panels in large spaces, not optimum shading since PV is about 85% absorber and re-radiates absorbed energy inwards
Photovoltaic (stand-alone)
Requires batteries to store power for the times when the sun is not shining, does not use electric utility power
Photovoltaic/thermal
Re-cladding with air-cooled panels; electricity generation and ventilation pre-heating; cooled panel work at higher efficiency
Biomass heating
Requires space for fuel delivery and storage; local emissions regulation need consulting; less effect on the environment than fossil fuels; using often combined heat and power
Ground source heating
Uses heat pump; utilize air ducting for the distribution system, and polyethylene piping in the earth for the heat exchanger; operates at low temperature requiring an appropriate delivery system, normally underfloor heating
Ground source cooling
Uses heat pump too; increases efficiency of refrigeration due to lower temperature cold sink; displaces electricity; often used in conjunction with heating
Micro-combined heat and power
Heat supplied from an individual microCHP system can provide sustainable heating system where demand is high
Energy recovery ventilator
Type of mechanical equipment that features a heat exchanger combined with a ventilation system for providing controlled ventilation into a building; with humidity regulation will remove humidity from humid summer fresh air and add humidity to the incoming dry winter air; typically installed in attic
Gas water heating
provide space heating as well as water heating; allow venting of the water heaters through a wall instead of a chimney; less space is needed compared to two separate systems; circulates hot water from the water heater through a heat exchanger in the air handler
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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1.2. Sustainable materials WOOD
durable material, recyclability, renewability aspects, less energy to produce, dominance in low-rice construction, malleable, scheduling and speed of construction, conduciveness to fire- and noise-rated construction, natural insulating properties, natural finish, structural integrity, light weight and weatherproof qualities, also improve air quality by absorbing or releasing moisture in the air to moderate humidity, hypoallergenic, wood products lower greenhouse gas emissions, good choice for most green building projects, 40% reduction in embodied energy (energy required to extract, process, transport and install building materials may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy consumption) compared to steel and concrete alternatives for both new construction and renovations, wood industry reduces waste by using wood chips and sawdust to produce paper and composite products, or as fuel for renewable bioenergy, can last for centuries when it´s used properly, can be redesign to suit changing needs not so strong, less efficient and ultimately costs more when long spans are called for, deforestation, needs fire protection
Wood-frame construction has improved dramatically: faster construction, better utilisation of fibre, less waste and better quality control. Now we can compete in the construction of much larger and more complex structures. And we don’t need to use just plywood, there are solutions even from recycled wood achieving the same or even better properties. DIMENSIONAL LUMBER - used in constructing the wall, floor and roof framing of a house, price is quite high, certified wood needed, reduce forests as balanced ecosystems I – BEAMS – recycled wood, the tolerances in stability, consistency, straightness, and strength are more precise than dimensional lumber, making the products easier to work with, minimize the amount of waste, reconstituted web material, typically of OSB), and solid wood flanges, flanges should not be cut or notched. LAMINATED BEAMS - can be nailed or bolted together to form multiple member beams for heavy load requirements, allows smaller dimensions for the same load FINGERJOINT FLUDS - reduce waste in two ways, short pieces that normally would be unusable are combined rather than disposed and the engineered quality of fingerjointed materials eliminate warping or cracking 6
Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
STRUCTURE STONE – excessive weight → need to pay attention for load capacity especially in foundation, veneers need noncombustible support such as concrete grade beams or footings, anchoring of veneers must follow Uniform Building Code (UBC) guidelines + in many areas is available from the local region, the building site can be utilized, can be used for structural block, facing block, pavers, and crushed stone, aesthetically pleasing, durable, low maintenance, creates stable climate inside BRICK – consume a lot of energy for creating, + come in many forms, including structural brick, face brick, roof tile, structural tile, paving brick, and floor tile, aesthetically pleasing, durable, low maintenance, excellent thermal mass, is used to provide radiant heat, cool in summer and possessing good thermal properties for passive solar heating, recyclable material, can be crushed and recycled and either returned to the manufacturing process, fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials CALICHE – very important to have soils tested for construction material use, emphasizes labor in construction methods, a big amount needed, not commonly used as building material + soft limestone material which is mined from areas with calcium-carbonate soils and limestone, strength, low moisture absorption, limited shrink reaction, high resistance to erosion and chemical attack bedrock, best known as road bed material, can be processed into an unfired building block, stabilized with an additive such as cement, can be produced on-site, inexpensive The use of locally available and indigenous earth materials reduce of energy costs related to transportation, reduction of material costs due to reduced transportation costs, especially for well-established industries. It supports of local businesses and resource bases. FLYASH CONCRETE - is a by-product of coal-fired electric generating plants, environmental advantages by diverting material from waste stream, reducing the energy investments, affects the plastic properties of concrete by improving workability, reducing water demand, reducing segregation and bleeding, and lowering heat of hydration, increases strength, reduces permeability, reduces corrosion of reinforcing steel, increases sulphate resistance, and reduces alkali-aggregate reaction, wall-form products – some are made from EPS and also fibre-cement wall-form products that can contain wood waste, EPS/concrete systems offer high insulating qualities and easy installation, EPS blocks are typically stacked as exterior walls Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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ROOFING In consideration
weight durability effect on water falling heat- holding qualities fire rating maintainability installation characteristics
CLAY, CEMENT – heavy + excellent durability FIBROCEMENT – no recyclable + lighter, also use fibre from waste paper or wood, long-lasting, class A fire rating METAL – cost, requires premium metal coatings, factory-finished panels, or watertight construction detailing, needs protection from oxidation (zinc coating) – 5 years life span → maintenance, aluminium coating 20 years life span, thermal movement, respond to temperature, galvanic reaction – need to protect on the anodic end from fasteners and flashings on the cathodic end to prevent corrosion + high percentage of recycled content, easily recycled in post-use, lightweight, durable ASPHALT SHINGLES – don’t last so long, life of 20-30 years, not easily recycled, recycled plastic roof materials are starting to be introduced as lightweight option + use recycled, mixed paper in their base and some use reclaimed minerals in the surface aggregate 8
Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
INSULATION CELLULOSE INSULATION – critical moisture control, can get nasty and moldy, weight may cause ceilings to sag, need trained installers, over time losing some of its effectiveness, air infiltration can significantly reduce effectiveness + made from recycled newspaper and treated with fire retardants and insect protection, can be sprayed into cavity walls or to attics, the best thermal resistance, the smallest gap can be filled, excellent protection from heat, able to collect moisture in fibres without loss of insulation value, wind tight, good soundproof, resistance of fire – product moisture, not harmful to environment CFC – caused increased release of chlorine molecules into the atmosphere contributing to ozone depletion + low density polymeric foam material expanded with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) blowing agents, are found in extruded polystyrene foam boards, isocyanurate foam boards, phenolic foam boards, and polyurethane blow-in insulation, the best R-value CEMENTIOUS FOAM – cost, not usual, requires trained installers, can crack walls if installed incorrectly, is easily crumbled when dry + made from magnesium from sea water and blown in place with air, the most benign from an indoor air quality standpoint, fire proof, insect proof, and non-toxic, contains a lot of water and will need a drying period before a wall can be closed up, doesn´t expand PERLIT – water trapped in the structure of the material vaporises and escapes – expand to 7-16 times, not strong, non-renewable-source + made from a natural occurring volcanic mineral and is often used as loose fill insulation in concrete block cavities, can be bound into other materials and used in sheet form, used in commercial roofing material, can be used as an aggregate in concrete, non-flammable, lightweight, chemically inert, lowdensity, low price ROCKWOOL – weighs more than fiberglass, non-recyclable, energy intense production process + is recycled steel slag 75% with some basalt rock 25%, available as blow-on wall/attic insulation, very good energy performance, will not burn, chemically inert, the only insulation which will stop fire Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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SPRAY FOAMS – environmental effect, lots of energy needed, some are chemical minefields, while others, are water blown and produce no offgasses, cost three to four times more than traditional fiberglass, release toxic fumes when they burn, cost, not fire-proof, degradation of R-value with ages, require protection from sunlight and solvents, difficult to retrofit + start out in liquid form, and expand and solidify almost instantaneously to fill minute cracks and crevices, act as a vapour barrier, , flexible, allow trapped moisture to evaporate, work well in tight space, providing excellent resistance to air infiltration, increases structural stability SHEEP WOOL – must be treated with a non-toxic fire retardant, available in limited areas, should not be compressed when installed in order to retain its full insulating qualities, difficult to cut, requires a vapour barrier, hard to dry if a leak allows excessive moisture into the insulated cavity + form of cotton insulation made with mill waste, low grade, and recycled cotton, comes in batts comparable to fiberglass insulation batts, naturally produced fibre, requires less than 15% of the energy required to produce glass fibre insulation, renewable resource, zero ozone depletion potential, can be remanufactured or biodegraded, safe and easy to handle, no protective clothing or special breathing apparatus is required to install it, fibres do not cause itchiness, no cancer risk from airborne fibres, no reduction in performance even when condensation is present, good thermal and acoustic insulation, can absorb significant levels of condensation and be still dry, long life span over 100 years FIBERGLASS - similar in structure to asbestos - raises similar health concerns with unclear evidence, has been connected with black mold, difficult to work with, even with proper installation, batts do not completely seal the cavity against air movement, energy intensive production process + it comes in batts and blankets, cost, equivalent U-value, WOOD FIBER - requires a vapour barrier, made by gluing, additives such as latex or bitumen are added to increase water resistance + from recycled materials, available as loose fill, flexible batts and rigid panels for all thermal and sound insulation uses, can be used as internal insulation, used under timber floors to reduce sound transmittance, AEROGEL – non recyclable, non-energy-efficient, cost, not any better for your health than fiberglass when exposed to skin and lungs + firstly use to collect space dust, super-futuristic form of “frozen silica smoke” – made of a special type of super-porous silicon foam that is 99% air, incredibly strong, incredibly insulating and incredibly light, small pores- strong insulator, absorbs infrared radiation, and allowing light enter, is light and transparent – insulated windows and skylights, prefab panels are completely safe DENIM INSULATION – boric acid is used as a flame retardant, required fire and water protection + organic insulation is made from recycled blue jeans, 100% recycled, installs quickly, comfortably and easily, requiring no special equipment and no protective clothing, energy-efficient
WINDOWS AND DOORS In refurbishment, we are often replacing glazing but also framing is important. Aluminium framing increases U-value by 70%. We have 3 options: 1. 2. 3.
insulate mullions – inside + outside – it´s intensive, may present problems due to change of appearance, 25 mm thickness secondary glazed screen of high performance glazing and thermally insulated framing – inside or outside, form the main air-tight layer replace glazing and framing system with high performance glazing and thermally insulated framing, involved high cost of money and CO2
Shading system - is not just for reducing quantity of radiation but also improves the distribution of daylight in a room. - internal curtains, blinds, louvres - minimize disbenefits: increase the luminous efficiency by specification of glazing improve the special distribution to reduce over-illumination respond to the varying ability of light of diurnally and seasonally to prevent over- or underillumination MODERN – increasing glazed area → elimination of poor daylight performance but we need glass of low transmission, obstruction due to framing or poorly designed fixed shading devices, low reflectance of interior surfaces in other case it could cause overheating!
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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Materials: uPVC – vulnerable to UV degradation, greater environmental impact, CO2 during manufacturing, difficulty in recycling + low maintenance, long life, acoustic and thermal properties, cheap, life time span 20 years, 0,2 W/m°C WOOD – cost, need good quality wood: high-altitude grown resinous pine, spruce, fir + almost carbon neutral, need more care than UPVC, can last for centuries, 0,15 W/m°C ALUMINIUM – the most expensive, worse acoustic and thermal properties, could be thermally broken, + the strongest and most durable material, easy to clean and maintain, suitable for large glazing Modern is composite products. They are easy to care for, and their thermal performance is superior to wood. Important strides have been made in UV resistance. Also recycled material can be used but must be of high quality. uPVC + ALUMINIUM - stability of aluminium profile, acoustic energy efficiency and acoustic and thermal insulation of uPVC, outstanding static properties, ideal for large glazed areas, economical: for manufacture, maintenance and energy consumption WOOD + ALUMINIUM – improve durability and resistance to climate, reduce necessity of maintenance, wood in aluminium frame protected from weather and UV-impact, can be build in large sizes and all thinkable shapes and options Double pane - reduce heat loss in winter, with special low-e coating reduce heat gain in summer, in the north low-e applied to inside surface of outside glass to keep heat inside, reduce noise and incidents of condensation 12
Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
2. Hamburg introduction Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany, ninth in Europe, the second largest port in Europe and tenth worldwide. Still the city doesn´t belong to the top of tourist attractions. That leads to big changes in Hamburg to entice people inside.
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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There is whole new project called HafenCity. It´s area of 157 hectares on the Elbe waterfront just next to the old city centre. Project started in 1997 by HafenCity Hamburg GmbH, a 100 % subsidiary of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, so the land is owned by the City of Hamburg. First was announced masterplan competition which won Kess Christiaanse/ASTOC. And then were announced other competitions for individual districts and finally for individual houses. The Hafencity will provide place for work, living, arts, leisure, education, tourism and shopping and will expand Hamburg City of 40 %. About 2000 residents will attract a growing number of visitors; more than 500 companies including 40 larger businesses will be located there. Also cultural institutions are placed there, the most famous Elbphilharmonie Concert Hall; concert hall of world class at an altitude of 50 meters with 2,100 seats from Herzog & de Meuron architects, and on the roof we can find a freely accessible place with a 360 ° panoramic view over the city; then International Maritime Museum, Prototype automobile museum. There will be 8 schools including HafenCity University. The main goals of whole project are open space and mixing users. There are new promenades, parks to move people outside to streets. Hamburg is the city with the biggest 14
Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
amount of millionaires but also homeless. Here are together social housing, apartment houses and some luxurious flats. Around whole HafenCity are 10,5km of waterside walks open for public. There were also problem with flood risk so whole area was elevated according to old city. There rest few old buildings which served before to harbour but now they are refurbish and convert to hotels for example, around these buildings you can notice the elevation. The HafenCity provides water floating promenade, the longest shopping street in the city, a lot of new public squares designed for meeting people, public concerts, dancing performances, new green areas with playgrounds designed by children not served just to people living in this area but also for whole city. Hafencity is connected with 2 metro stations so in few minutes you can be in the transfer station or city centre. Another aspect how to make space in whole area more accessible is elevated 1st floor, in each building first floor is opened for public, there are shops, cafes, restaurants, open spaces. There was also effort to eliminate cars so each building has carpark underground. Innovations also include new approaches to heat supply, a tailor-mode certification system for buildings and sustainable intermodal mobility concepts .Still a lot of districts not finished yet but whole project should be done in 2025.
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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There are also other quarters trying to improve. Wilhelmsburg became a diverse setting for living, working, and leisure. Wilhelmsburg Central is IBA Hamburg’s biggest urban planning project, an important stepping stone for the leap across the Elbe and also one of the most innovative districts in Europe. The master plan for this area envisages a colourful mixture of housing, offices, retail, and service establishments such as new building of the State Ministry for Urban Development and Environment and new district of smart houses. The pivot of the district is the area around the main entrance to Wilhelmsburg Island Park. In addition to attractive open spaces with promenades and stretches of water, some ambitious buildings were constructed for a huge variety of uses. Apartment blocks and buildings for events, sports facilities, a medical centre and a senior citizens’ centre all contribute to the vibrant mix. Just next to we can find Wilhelmsburg Mitte. This quarter was bombed during Second World War and people were evacuated to the bunker in the middle. So a lot of buildings were in poor condition after war and in the middle was 42 m high concrete giant. Whole district was reconstructed and the bunger is now using for energy supply especially for district heating for surrounding. Also new schools were built to improve local lifestyle. Still it´s district mostly for social living and sometimes it´s called ghetto, but they are trying to mix users and bring more students there.
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Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
The city has also houses from 20´s-50´s in bad condition, not convenient of our building regulations anymore. And since our natural sources are not infinite, we need to thing about recycling materials and using materials which are recyclable or better upcyclable. That´s why we do refurbishments and conversions because it consumes less energy according to life cycle assessment that demolish everything and start again. There are a lot of energy sustainable refurbishments in Hamburg like apartment houses, social housing, single houses and conversions to commercial spaces. One of the architectural offices concerning that is kbnk ARCHITEKTEN. So the city is becoming more and more attractive.
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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3. IBA Hamburg International Building Exhibitions (IBA) are instruments for sustainable, environmentally friendly, and socially balanced urban development. In Hamburg IBA developed and implemented in the last eight years, a total of 70 projects, of which 63 are structural in nature. These projects, including residential houses, innovative case studies, education and sports organizations, senior centres, places for local economies and the creative scene, the well-known energy bunker, but also parks and open spaces are now characterize the city in the south of Hamburg; the long-neglected neighbourhoods William Castle, Veddel and Harburg port have gained regional, national and even international attention from the International Builders. The IBA Hamburg has been charged by Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg and has provided new solutions and ideas for building the future. They are trying to achieve high quality architecture and modern energy standards. Providing living for all population groups with importance to public green areas and open space. They made 2 structural developments: creating educational network in Elbe island climate protection called Renewable Wilhelmsburg …after investigation what district needs they built great potential areas with new apartments, social facilities, day care centres, areas for residential acceptable and service industries. They made 2 new family-friendly neighbourhoods Vogelskam Neugraben Fishbeker Heidbrook …bordering two of the most beautiful nature reserves in Hamburg with possibilities of friendly neighbourhood, high energy efficiency, small gardens, sport places and traffic connection. GOAL: Open and diversity city in the city! 18
Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
4. Wilhelmsburg Mitte – Energybunker Built: 1943 Blast inside: 1947 Start of the conversion: 2010 Completion: 2013 Size: Area: 57 x 57 m Height: 42 m Energy Source: 5,625 sqm Solar panel facade: ca. 1,350 sqm (roof); 750 kW; 600 MWh / a Photovoltaic: about 670 square meters (south side); 100 kWp; 90 MWh / a Heat storage: 2.000 cbm Overall performance heat: 22,400 MWh - enough for 3,000 households Electricity: 2,850 MWh - enough for 1,000 homes Builders: IBA Hamburg GmbH (building) HAMBURG ENERGIE (power supply) Architect: HHS Hegger Hegger Schleiff Planer + Architekten AG, Kassel
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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The former anti-aircraft bunker in William Castle has become a symbol of climate protection concept Renewable Wilhelmsburg. The bunker was built in 1943 as a symbol to defend the home. It provided protection for thousand people against Allied air raids. In 1947 the interior was damaged by British army, the explosion inside caused crack all around the massive concrete object and can´t be used anymore, six of eight floors collapsed. Just 3 m thick walls rest untouched for more than 60 years. To destroy that object will be so expensive and ineffective so IBA Hamburg redeveloped this project to regenerative power plant with large heat storage. It supplies the Reiherstieg district with climate-friendly heat and renewable electricity fed into the hamburger a distribution network. The building was stabilized before collapsing and saved as memoriam, there is exhibition documenting its history. Also there is CafÊ with terrace in 30 height open for public with stunning view to Hamburg City. The building has become the solar cover on the roof and on the south side of the bunker and highly visible energy is an important milestone on the way to a renewable energy supply of the Elbe islands. With an intelligent combination of power generation from solar energy, bio-methane, wood chips and waste heat they are planning to connect also other districts. In the final stage of the energy bunker will produce approximately 22,500 megawatt hours of heat and almost 3,000 megawatt hours of electricity. As a local powerhouse of energy bunker is also an example of a decentralized energy policy that creates jobs and income locally.
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Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
The energy bunker is the result of a four-year planning and optimization process and the energy concept enters into many ways uncharted territory. For the purpose of a safe and economic the operation required the simultaneous reflection adequate storage facilities and complementary technologies. Therefore, the planners decided to combination of various renewable energy sources and types of production: 1. A solar thermal system runs solar heat 2. The photovoltaic modules on the south faรงade generate electricity. 3. Inside biogas drives a cogeneration unit generated into the power and heat 4. Industrial waste heat from a nearby operation is made available and redistributing the bunker supplied. 5. Wood chips from local resources are burned to generate heat. 6. Natural gas condensing boiler is flexible for peak load supply and could be switched ensure security of supply 7. The large heat buffer "hoarding" the heat generated. 8. A heat network distributes the heat produced finally to connected consumers.
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
The energy bunker is a unique combination of innovative technologies for the production of renewable energy. Biogas and Biomass: CPH (Combined Heat and Power system) in the basement of the bunker creates renewable heat and electricity from biogas and biomethane. The big burning boiler is fired by woodchips from surrounding. Electrical output is 600 kW, Power production 2700 MWh/yr, Heat production 3750 MWh/yr. Photovoltaic: On the roof and southern façade is total amount of 3,000 m2 producing climatefriendly electricity and heat. Photovoltaic modules are on steel frame anchor to the concrete. The problem with shading is eliminated and wind flowing is used like natural cooling. It´s made of strong solar glass Solon. Power rating 0,1MW with current production 78MWh/yr, energy is used for pumps, controls and surpluses to public network. Solar thermal: Vacuum tube collectors Ritter XL Solar with double-walled glass pipes isolated like thermos connected together to the huge collector. CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) serves for optimal utilization of direct and diffuse sunlight. It´s supported in embedded tubes which reflect sunlight back, inside tube create warm layer, constant process 60-180° C, and it´s transform by water with glycol for better efficiency. Industrial waste heat: previously unused waste heat from the nearby Nordic factory is branched off and storing and redistribution in the Energybunker. It fills about 4,000 MWh of heat production per year. The warm memory: an oversized water tank with 2000m3 volume is the heart of the energy bunker. High temperature differences in the 20 m high and about diameter of 12 m well-insulated steel tank full of warm demineralized. Depending on the thermal energy consumption situation can absorb or emit. There are different temperature levels with 40 ° temperature difference, over 90 ° the hottest above. Output of 2MW, heat production 10,500 MWh/yr, it´s almost half of the generating heat. The Climate: Saving CO2 is for the sake of climate conservation. Main causes of climate changing are greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that are emitted in the burning of fossil fuels in large amount. In contrast, very little CO2 is released during the production of renewable energies. So the energy bunker saves compared to conventional heat generation up to 6.6000.000 kg of CO2 per year. This corresponds to a CO2 saving of around 95%. Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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5. Wilhelmsburg Mitte - neighbourhood Start of construction: 2009 Completion: early 2015 Total Apartments: 820 apartments (publicly subsidized rental apartments, 1 conveyor) Conversion: 402 apartments Recent house: 284 apartments Major renovation: 67 apartments Commercial units: 46 (including 40 in the world-industrial complex) Investment volume: more than 100 million euros Architect: KFS architects, L端beck (1st prize) Energetic data: Renovated buildings: two phases built according EnEV 2007 standard Further modernization measures after EnEV 09 Primary energy demand: reduction of approximately 300 to 71 kWh / m2 New building: passive house, primary energy consumption: 6 kWh / m2 Connection to the district heating network of the energy bunker with Energy Source and thermal power, for generating renewable energy
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Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
In southern Reiherstieg district called Weltquartier live people from more than 30 countries, for this multicultural living the developing of district was needed. Quarter was largely built in the 1930s and was originally intended for workers at the nearby port operations. The small apartments needed sound and thermal insulation, solve problem with cold bridges and air-tight whole building. The biggest problem was more space needed but the part of this reconstruction was promise that each tenant can come back to their apartments after reconstruction and more than 80% came back actually. This cause a little bit problem because constructor couldn´t join apartments together to provide space for big families, the number of apartments had to be preserved. So apartments were increased by extensions something like winter gardens joined to the existing buildings. And so far as it´s social living another aspect was lower price for future energy demand but also not increase the rent. You cannot find cheaper flat in Hamburg. Apartments start to be offer also for student to mix community and improve social standards. The project was found on different people living there, so they had the opportunity to decide what they want in their district, what they need and then the project was based on that research. Now residential area provides open space, small private gardens/ boxes which share few families together, children playgrounds, places to sit and chat in the surrounding. Also parking was rerouted and new paths and sidewalks were created. The goal was to provide the residents quality and diverse recreational opportunities. Individual tenants could say what they want. The pavilion was built in the middle of Weltquartier for that purpose; everyone could go inside and tell ideas how to improve that district. The pavilion was also used as cafe and lounge for residents, as well as for temporary exhibitions and events for the IBA. Large windows and bright and airy design of the interior make it a popular meeting place and supposed to be able used also for weddings and other social activities. Now there is construction problem so it cannot be used any more. This project is not only about apartments as the community wanted the commercial units were redeveloped. Now there is centre for new businessmen from former not legal car service. You have to meet certain condition to get office there but the rent is really cheap and space is various and available for different type of starting companies. Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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6. IBA smart and hybrid houses IBQ Project cost: 4.5 million euros Energy Standard: Passive House Power: Energy Wilhelm castle centre It´s the world's first building with bioreactor facade. In glass elements of this "Biohouse" microalgae are grown, which are used for energy and at the same time are able to control light and shadow and protect from rain and cold, also is a little bit soundproofing. Between the sun facing side of the façade and the actual building façade is place, where microalgae are produced. It´s the smallest plants, usually no larger than bacteria and they ensure that the BIQ is a house that can be self-sufficient with energy. Through a separate water cycle in the facade they are therefore supplied continuously with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide. The BIQ concept refers all energy needed to produce electricity and heat from renewable sources – no fossil fuels. Using the harvested algal biomass in its own envelope can generate the BIQ energy without absorbing light which can then be either used directly for hot water and heating or in the ground using geothermal probes. Smart is green Project cost: 4.4 million Euro Energy Standard: Passive House Power supply: local heating network Wilhelmsburg Mitte , solar thermal, PCM memory, photovoltaics An "energy-intelligent façade" that stores and produce energy every season. This is a model project of "Efficiency House Plus" so house that can even produce more energy than they consume its users. This is possible thanks to clever PCM materials. The façade has 3 layers: planted façade elements as heat protection in summer, double glaze as heat and cold insulation and a curtain of PCM material. PCM stands for "Phase Change Material" which is always located on the boundary of the solid and liquid state. Materials absorb the sun's heat energy and release it again later in night hours what provides pleasant living environment. Two tanks of PCM used as storage for central heating, the excess heat from solar system on the roof is used for floor heating and surpluses come to Wilhelmsburg district heating network. They also use this network to additional heat in cold winter days. 26
Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
Soft house Project cost: 2.4 million euros Energy Standard: Passive House Power: photovoltaic elements, facade membrane, heat pumps and district heating Wilhelmsburg It´s using dynamic textile membrane facade with solid wood construction as an example of sustainable construction. The textile membrane façade on the south side responds flexibly to sunlight, turns to the sun. In the membrane are incorporated photovoltaic cells, the best use for energy production from the sunlight. At the same time the facade elements provide shade in the summer, in winter they minimize energy losses and allow light to invade deep into the rooms. The solid wood construction is considered environmentally friendly alternative to traditional masonry by CO2-reducing properties of the building material.
WOODCUBE Energy Standard: Efficiency House 40 Power supply: photovoltaics, ventilation with heat recovery WOODCUBE consists almost entirely of wood, no use of glue and any protective coatings. Façade is from untreated, naturally aging wood with wooden balcony panels. But also in interior, ceilings, exterior walls and floors show wood surfaces. As an absolute novelty all-wood exterior walls are made without the use of films and adhesives. In addition to the structure of the building, the 32 cm thick solid wood walls take insulation over the entire building. The goal was to construct a building that is emitted throughout the lifecycle greenhouse gas and completely biologically recyclable. All the building materials were checked for their CO2 potential and building biological compatibility. Electricity and heat energy derived CO2 from renewable sources. In the life cycle assessment it achieves much better values and more sustainability than conventionally built passive houses.
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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Hybrid House Hamburg - IGS center Project cost: 5 million euros Energy Standard: EnEV 2009 minus 30% minimum requirement. KfW Efficiency House 70 Power supply: local heating network Wilhelmsburg, geothermal heat pump system The 4-storey building sits on concrete piles inside a mound, which grows out of the park and forms the ground floor with the exhibit space. Thanks to the hybrid concept the IGS centre provides diverse possibilities of a mixed living and working or intergenerational cohabitation. A system of supports and variable elements ensures that even the upper floors are flexibly partitioned and adaptable to the changing needs. The heat supply of the IGS center is controlled by local district heating from energy network Wilhelmsburg and a heat pump. In winter, the energy is taken from the earth. The heat pump switchs for the summer months and supply a cold storage, which protects the building from overheating.
Hybrid House Project cost: 5 million euros Energy Standard: EnEV 2009 minus 30% minimum requirement. KfW Efficiency House 70 Power supply: local heating network energy network Wilhelmsburg Mitte It consists of two buildings and it is based on using for living and working throughout the day with different optimal lighting conditions. Flats are aligned by the combination of an east-west and a north-south module in all four directions. Thanks to this construction arising per unit in all directions we have specific daylight situations. A central external opening by a common staircase allowed the implementation of the modular system and sharing free time space. To achieve even greater variability of layouts, both buildings provide additional units in the first and third floor, which can be added to the adjacent duplexes when needed. Due to its flexibility in terms of size and layout of the house units can respond to changing circumstances and needs of its environment. The Hybrid House uses environmentally friendly building techniques and the material consumption as low as possible. 28
Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
7. KBNK ARCHITEKTEN GMBH Grosse Rainstrasse 39a 22765 Hamburg
Architectural office, which realized few interesting refurbishments and conversions in Hamburg. They are trying to reuse old building from 20´s and 50´s and give them new utilization. Even their office is conversion from old fabric. They want to improve living with sustainable way, not demolished everything old but improve it. Usually people are living inside apartments during reconstruction so they are focus mostly on new façade and balconies problems. Also they put importance on common spaces, redo it the way so inhabitants will start to use it. Their goal is reduce amount of needed energy in projects with sustainable materials. These: Architecture shapes complex conditions to an understandable concept. Architecture combines context of function, economy, ecology and technology. Architecture means aesthetics and generates feelings. Architecture needs good shape, selected colours and sustainable materials. Architecture requires reliability, care and consistent details. Architecture is teamwork. Architecture has happy users and convinced builders. Architecture has always new challenges.
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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LeNa – Rungehaus It´s unique project of refurbishment of barrier-friendly living in Rungehause. The building was in poor condition in 2011 when the project starts. It provides familiar surrounding of apartment houses from 20´s for people who are disabled of need professional help. LeNa stands for independent living and aimed for young and older people from the age of 60, as well as disabled people or families in need of support. There are supportive assistance and care services ready for inhabitants but they allow tenants to live their lives largely on its own. There are 73 barrier-free apartments, between 45 to 65 square meters, were created in the Runge House as a modern housing for seniors and people with assistance needs. All apartments are equipped with a loggia, a fitted kitchen, a shower room with walk-in shower, as well as living room and bedroom. Bedrooms are situated with view to courtyard which should be used like common space. The front part of building is totally new connected to 3 long existing segments of whole complex. In that part was made common kitchen with common room serves people to meet to integrate to community and support themselves. Also events organizes with help from residents are placed here. Sometimes it´s problem with older people, they don’t want to leave their apartment, in groundfloor there are placed seat so they could rest there and meet. In courtyard they have possibility of little garden with herbs. There are paths to walk, all handicap free. And each apartment has balcony or its own courtyard to enjoy sunlight. It all offers a high level of quality of housing and space for leisure activities. Cost of the project is 10 million euros. 30
Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
Kattensteert Energetic façade renovation This building is one of the typical buildings of the 60s in the east of Hamburg and enjoyed in the past 45 years of not getting the same popularity. Structural damages and needs of the tenants led to restructuring the residential area. The design concept was using clear structure and conserves the original character of the building. For upgrading envelope, building is divided horizontally with arcades on north side and regular balconies on south side. Balconies were made new from prefabricated elements fastened by galvanized steel right into existing storey partitions panels. Railings supposed to remind net so anodized aluminium sheet was used, it´s light, breathable and not see-through. Around whole façade is placed of 18 cm thick mineral wool insulation cover by colour of red bricks to harmonize with surrounding. The wooden windows sit in the insulation level and have been optimized by glazing. The renovation of the building envelope also included the repair of the existing roof, which was worn down to the support structure and newly insulated. The energy demand of the building of 127 kWh / m2 was lowered to 27 kWh / m2. This corresponds to an energy cost savings of about 80%. Cost of the project is 3.7 million euros. From inside the structure of apartments stayed but bathrooms and kitchens were rehabilitated and central ventilation unit with heat recovery was installed. Other important components in energy concept are solar system on roof and hydraulic balancing of the heating system. Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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Metamorph Building right next to the busy road needed to improve energy efficiency and give the building new facelift. That´s why architects decide to do new façade with organic shape to reflect traffic nearby. The façade is from polystyrene insulation trimmed to special shape on special order going around whole building with thickness 20-45 cm. The most striking feature of the floor plans are organically shaped precast balconies. The new spacious balconies are closed with perforated parapets in alternating rhythm. The thermally separated places on the façade ensure economic and energy unproblematic outdoor areas with high quality, which is amplified by the selected surface. The residence reached high quality level of living. Another new symbol is new entrance with elevator tower of coloured range glass panels cutting with organic shapes. The result is a building with a play of light and dark plaster and glossy painted metal panels which provide a high-quality open and modern expression. Also locally arranged ventilation units with heat recovery are important component in the energy concept. The energy demand of the building of 229 kWh / m2 was lowered to 44 kWh / m2. This corresponds to an energy cost savings of about 80%. These measures propose the transformation of grey skyscraper to energetically optimized building with contemporary and high-quality appearance. The individual design of the façade will strengthen the building for the long-term use. Cost of the project is 3.1 million euros.
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Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
8. Other ideas NanaGlass Sl25 Balcony Glazing System Balcony Glazing allows the balcony to be used during all seasons, and provides passive solar and cross ventilation, reducing the need for conventional fuel based HVAC systems, while preserving natural resources and providing a comfortable living environment for occupants. Depending on the weather, the all-glass operable panels of the NanaGlass Sl25 Balcony Glazing System can be partially or fully opened and stowed to the side. This allows the balcony to be used as a thermal cavity when closed, for passive solar, or to gain the benefits of natural ventilation when partially or fully opened. Early studies showed a 60% reduction in carbon emissions for cooling compared to air conditional model. Properties:
NanaGlass SL25 system can accept up to 1⁄2” (12mm) thick glass to meet demanding wind loads of taller buildings NanaGlass SL25 provides design freedom for corner-less openings or segmented curves from 90 to 180 degrees the SL 25 glass is attached to the top and bottom rails using three methods for stronger bond than other all glass products each panel has 2 horizontal double stacked rollers each carrying a weight of up to 65kgs each roller is made of Polyamide with sealed bearings to ensure sound free running and resistance to changes in temperature and operation with unique roller release and panel catches there is no additional structural support needed at the stacking area. One roller is within the track at all times keeping the panels secure even when opened
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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Double skin façade – Albatros project - to avoid cold bridges from balconies - over existing skin supported by existing balcony structure - in summer – large inlet grilles in second skin are open to allow high ventilation - extra vents in the inner skin open under BEMS control to allow night ventilation driven by extra fans - when the solar irradiation is bigger than 200 W/m2 louvres blinds (transmission of 20 %) are deployed in the double skin void on the inside and outside glazing - in winter – reduce heat loss and also ventilation heat loss - heat recovery function + solar collection - solar gains present - air pre-heated in the double skin - heating is provided by natural convector at skirting level on the outer wall
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Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg) | Lucie Linderova
9. Sources:
http://www.florconstructores.com/en/sustainable.html LCA BOOKLET 1.Edition 15 August 2013 by Heidi Merrild, VIAUC Horsens Outline Proposal VIA By Heidi Merrild 10. February 2015 https://books.google.cz/books?id=rOzGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT28&dq=sustainable+refurbishment&hl=cs&sa=X&ei=XhxHVc6SNcHJsQH_toHIBQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false https://books.google.cz/books?id=FTQoAZighDwC&printsec=frontcover&hl=cs#v=onepage&q&f=false http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building_and_wood http://www.bdcnetwork.com/using-wood-sustainable-design-construction-1 http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/1039-A2.HTM http://sustainablesources.com/ http://www.sustainableconstructionservices.com.au/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_insulation_materials http://www.isocell.com/en/produkte/products/d%C3%A4mmstoffe/cat_201 http://inhabitat.com/lets-talk-about-insulation-baby/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HafenCity http://www.hafencity.com/ http://www.elbphilharmonie.de/elbphilharmonie-hamburg.de http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmsburg,_Hamburg http://www.iba-hamburg.de/en/projects/wilhelmsburg-central/projekt/wilhelmsburg-central-144.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/2014.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/energiebunker/projekt/energiebunker.html http://www.eneff-stadt.info/de/news/news/details/flakbunker-wird-energiespeicher/ http://www.iba-hamburg.de/en/2014/current-projects/wilhelmsburg.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/weltquartier/weimarer-platz-mit-pavillon/projekt/weltquartier-weimarer-platz-mit-pavillon.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/weltquartier/projekt/weltquartier.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/bauausstellung-in-der-bauausstellung/smart-material-houses/biq/projekt/biq.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/bauausstellung-in-der-bauausstellung/smart-material-houses/smart-ist-gruen/projekt/smart-ist-gruen.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/bauausstellung-in-der-bauausstellung/smart-material-houses/soft-house/projekt/soft-house.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/bauausstellung-in-der-bauausstellung/smart-material-houses/woodcube/projekt/woodcube.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/bauausstellung-in-der-bauausstellung/hybrid-houses/igs-zentrum/projekt/igs-zentrum.html http://www.iba-hamburg.de/projekte/bauausstellung-in-der-bauausstellung/hybrid-houses/hybrid-house/projekt/hybrid-house.html http://www.kbnk.de/ http://www.nanawall.com/blog/sustainability-balcony-glazing-technology-elm-park http://www.nanawall.com/flipbooks/Operable%20Balcony%20Glazing/files/assets/basic-html/page3.html
Lucie Linderova | Energy Sustainable Refurbishment and Conversion (Hamburg)
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