A Place to Live, Work, Play

-

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN DREAM A PLACE TO LIVE, WORK, PLAY

-

-

-

-

-

-

3332630 LUEN RIA TUMBALI SAMONTE STUDIO LEADERS - ROB BROWN & CARLY MARTIN

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CONTENTS

-

-

-

-

-

-

DESIGN BRIEF

05

CULTURAL & SOCIAL CONDITIONS

06

SCHEDULE OF SPACES

08

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

09

MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION

11

PRECEDENT STUDIES

12

DESIGN PROCESS

22

RESOLVED DESIGN

36

REFERENCES

47

-

-

-

WORK

LI

FE

HOM E

MILY FA

-

-

Collective - Individual Activities

4

-

DESIGN BRIEF

-

-

Faced with the reality that low density suburbs are where most Australians live and will continue to live in the future, the brief is to design a case study house that responds to specific current and projected social, cultural and economic needs of suburbanites in a selected Australian climatic zone.

-

-

Apart from responding to the recent push to create models of an affordable house by maximising the efficiency of space and attending to the means of construction and ease of duplication, this project also considers the notion of an “affordable home.”

AN AFFORDABLE ‘HOME’ RATHER THAN A HOUSE -

-

The whole notion of affordability usually applies to the idea of an affordable house, but what if we look at it from the perspective of a home rather than a house? “What vision of life and happiness should an affordable home be proposing?”1 What is a home? A home is where a myriad of activities happen.

Where activities flex between the collective to the individual. Where an individual’s activity affects the collective - and the collective, the individual alike. A home is filled with activities that foster interdependency. A home is defined by the connection between activities and people rather than walls, a roof and a floor.

5

CULTURAL & SOCIAL CONDITIONS

-

WHO AM I BUILDING FOR?

Considering these population growth facts, the case study house proposed in this project addresses the social, cultural and economic needs of a multigenerational migrant family of six.

NTS RE A P

GRA N

Australia’s population growth has grown more than 50% since 1984, from 15 million people to 23 million in three decades.2 Research shows that our population growth peaks at 1.8% per year with two thirds of this coming from migration alone.3

Father - migrated to Australia before the family, employed, runs a business from home

•

Mother - employed, runs a business from home

•

Youngest child - studying full-time and working part-time, still living with the parents and grandmother

Frequent visitors: •

•

6

Eldest child - employed, family with two children, have their own home but regularly visits the family, wife attends to home duties Middle child - employed, family with one child, have their own home but regularly visits the family, husband employed, child stays with great grandmother when both parents are working

-

HILDRE D C N N RA

•

T GRAN EA

-

G

Great grandmother - takes care of her great grandchild, runs a business from home

-

HILDREN DC

•

GR

Occupants:

ER OTH M D

Relationship between the generations

-

CULTURAL & SOCIAL CONDITIONS

-

WHAT ARE THEIR NEEDS? The needs and concerns of this family revolve around accessibility and flexibility.

ENTS PAR

CHILDREN ND RA

Aging in place

-

Accessibility in this case refers to making the house friendly for elderly people (great grandmother) and addressing the notion of “aging in place� (father and mother). This means that the architecture should propose thoughtful solutions to change in levels and choice of furniture and furnishings.

HER OT

T GRAN EA

HILDREN DC

GR

-

GRAN DM

-

Downsizing

Flexibility on the other hand is multi-faceted, taking into account downsizing (youngest child moving out) and additions (grand children visiting and staying for short amount of time with their families) as well as the balance between work, life, home and family. In essence, the house should embody the capability to contract and expand, and explore communal living whilst affording a retreat for the individual, both spatially and seasonally.

G

Additions

Key concerns of the multigenerational family

7

SCHEDULE OF SPACES

-

-

-

SCHEDULE OF SPACES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS The spaces in this case study house project respond to the activities that undulate between the collective and the individual. Below is a list of spaces to be included in the program of the house.

• •

BATHROOM

integrated open and green spaces communal living space - kitchen - dining - living - work/study space

•

3 bed spaces

•

service spaces - 2 bathrooms - 2 car spaces

Allowable total floor area: 150 sqm

WORK/STUDY SPACE

BED SPACE KITCHEN

CAR SPACES

-

LIVING

DINING

BED SPACE BATHROOM

Relationship between spaces

8

BED SPACE

-

-

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

-

-

-

WHERE AM I BUILDING AND WHAT DO I NEED TO CONSIDER? Whilst studies show that migrants have a significant impact on Australia’s population growth, it is also of equal importance to identify where they settle.

Most recent reports from the Australian Bureau of Statistics identify that 82% of migrants settle in major urban areas.4

-

For the purpose of this project, the case study house locates itself in the suburbs of Western Sydney - the population of which is 37.7% born overseas in comparison to 34.2% in Greater Sydney.5 It is also the centre of future urban development with the construction of Badgerys Creek Airport,6 expansion of the South West Rail Link,7 campaign for “Fair go for the West”8 and relocation of thousands of public servant jobs to the west.9

-

The metropolitan Western Sydney area is part of climatic Zone 6 - mild temperate. This zone covers parts of greater Sydney and Melbourne where majority of migrants locate themselves. Responding to localities in the mild temperate climatic zone the design of the case study house must take into account:

-

-

Western Sydney Area

•

day-night temperature range - low near the coast + high inland;

•

four distinct seasons - summer + winter exceeding human comfort;

•

mild to cool winters with low humidity;

•

hot to very hot summers with moderate humidity10 9

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

-

To address the characteristics of the mild temperate zone, the building materials and construction systems used should consider: •

achieving low - zero heating and cooling energy use

•

building inland mainly concerned with overheating during the summer season;

•

reduce heat gain through glazing

•

maximise cooling comfort through cross ventilation, use of shading, insulation and minimising areas of east and west facing walls

•

use of thermal mass for passive solar heating

•

maximise solar access to north-facing living spaces

•

use lightweight materials and construction when solar access is unavailable

•

optimise roof space as a thermal buffer zone to ventilate summer heat gain and retain heat in winter11

-

1. Zone 6 - passive solar orientation

-

-

2. Zone 6 - sun position + prevailing winds

10

-

MATERIALITY & CONSTRUCTION

-

WHAT DO I BUILD WITH AND HOW SHOULD I BUILD?

-

Given the climatic design considerations, the case study house should also push its capacity to utilise innovatively existing and emerging material technologies.

Glazing + Shading Devices

-

3. Timber framed glazing

4. Rammed earth

•

low U-value glazing with high solar heat gain coefficient

•

use double glazing for areas with higher heating needs

•

use timber framing (natural insulator) for glazing units to maximise the thermal performance

•

use light coloured roof materials

Insulation + Thermal Mass •

bulk and reflective insulation to ceilings

•

bulk or reflective insulation to walls

•

insulate elevated concrete and lightweight floors

•

seal to prevent draughts and use entry airlocks when appropriate

•

use earth coupled slabs to maintain temperatures during summer and winter seasons such as rammed earth or concrete

Lightweight construction materials

-

-

5. Structural Insulated panels

•

timber and steel structure for walls and roofs as they rapidly respond to temperature changes

•

consider the use of structural insulated panels comprised of environmentally preferred materials

•

use cladding that have low embodied energy such as colorbond sheets, fibre cement sheet and plywood 11

PRECEDENT STUDIES

-

-

-

a

b

c

d

e

During the research and design concept stage several precedents were deconstructed to extract architectural qualities that can be explored in the design development of the proposed case study house. These precedents were sourced from the Case Study House Program in Los Angeles, the architect-designed homes movement in Australia and the Habitat for Humanity organisation. Below lists the houses deconstructed and the following pages document some of the qualities explored in the design development stage. a.

Greenbelt House by Ralph Rapson

b.

Pavilion House by Ken Woolley

c.

ecoMOD4 by Univeristy of Virginia and Habitat for Humanity

d.

Loggia House by Whitney Smith

e.

Omega House by Richard Nuetra

-

-

12

-

GREENBELT HOUSE SENSE OF ARRIVAL + TRANSITION

-

-

-

-

-

13

GREENBELT HOUSE

-

INFILL PANEL SYSTEM FOR EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR

-

-

-

-

-

14

-

PAVILION HOUSE SHIFTING THE GRID SYSTEM

-

-

-

-

-

15

PAVILION HOUSE

-

CIRCULATION CORRIDOR + FINGERS

-

-

-

-

-

16

-

ecoMOD4 EXTENDING THE ROOM

-

-

-

-

-

17

ecoMOD4

-

EXTENDING THE ROOM

-

-

a

-

a

-

b

b 18

-

LOGGIA HOUSE DISSOLVING WALLS + FLOATING SPACES

-

-

H EUH SOD I

-

-

-

19

OMEGA HOUSE

-

DISSOLVING WALLS

-

-

-

-

-

20

-

OMEGA HOUSE COURT FUNCTIONS

-

-

-

-

-

21

DESIGN PROCESS

-

-

-

Exploring the ground plane and roofscape

This chapter documents the design process in creating the proposed case study house. Below is a list of design explorations which are documented in detail in the following pages. a.

Sequencing of activities

b.

Spatial relationships and passive orientation

c.

Spatial qualities

d.

Exploration of the ground plane

e.

Exploration of the roofscape

f.

Landscaping

-

-

22

SEQUENCING OF ACTIVITIES

-

LAYERING OF SPACES

KITCHEN

BED SPACE

-

WORK/STUDY SPACE

BED SPACE

Plan

Plan LIVING

-

BED SPACE

Section

Section DINING

CAR SPACES

OPEN/GREEN SPACES BATHROOM

Plan

Plan

-

BATHROOM

Section

Section

23

SEQUENCING OF ACTIVITIES

-

CLUSTERING OF SPACES

KITCHEN

LIVING

-

WORK/STUDY SPACE

DINING

Collective OPEN/GREEN SPACES

CAR SPACES

BATHROOM

BED SPACE

Individual

-

COLLECTIVE TRANSITION

BATHROOM

BED SPACE

BED SPACE

INDIVIDUAL GREEN/OPEN SPACES

24

Individual

-

-

SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS + ORIENTATION MAPPING SPACES

-

-

-

-

-

25

SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS + ORIENTATION

-

MAPPING SPACES

-

-

-

-

-

26

SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS + ORIENTATION

-

RESOLVED MAPPING

-

Collective BATHROOM

-

Individual BED SPACE

WORK/STUDY SPACE

BED SPACE

KITCHEN

CAR SPACES

LIVING

-

DINING

Individual

BED SPACE BATHROOM

-

27

SPATIAL QUALITIES

-

ABILITY TO RECONFIGURE

-

-

-

-

-

Flexibility to moveable walls

28

Exploring prospect and refuge

-

SPATIAL QUALITIES

-

ACTIVITY FOCUSED

-

-

-

-

-

-

Activities in one room

Positioning the place of eating and conversation as the heart of the home

29

EXPLORATION OF THE GROUND PLANE

-

ELEVATING THE KITCHEN

-

-

-

-

-

Sectional explorations

30

-

EXPLORATION OF THE GROUND PLANE

-

PLANES OF ACTIVITY

-

-

-

-

-

-

Activities - collective

Layering activities

31

EXPLORATION OF THE GROUND PLANE

-

PART MODELS

-

-

-

-

Transition to the kitchen + dining - the highest plane

32

EXPLORATION OF THE ROOFSCAPE

-

PART MODELS

-

-

-

-

Placing emphasis on the kitchen + dining

33

EXPLORATION OF THE ROOFSCAPE

-

OVERLAPPING + FLOATING ROOF PLANES

-

-

-

-

Flat roofs

Stepping flat roofs

Stepping sloping roofs

Stepping flat + sloping roofs

34

LANDSCAPING

-

COURT FUNCTIONS

edible garden

social court

-

-

-

drying court

entrance court

-

35

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

PLAN 1

2 3000

3 3000

4 3000

5 3000

6 1000

7 3000

8 3000

-

4000

A

-

2000

B C 3000

-

D 3000

-

3000

E

-

F COLLECTIVE TRANSITION INDIVIDUAL

36

-

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

PLAN - ADDITIONAL BEDROOM 1

2 3000

3 3000

4 3000

5 3000

6 1000

7 3000

8 3000

-

4000

A

-

2000

B C 3000

-

D 3000

-

3000

E

F

COLLECTIVE TRANSITION

-

INDIVIDUAL

37

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

PLAN - SPLIT STUDY SPACES 1

2 3000

3 3000

4 3000

5 3000

6 1000

7 3000

8 3000

-

4000

A

-

2000

B C 3000

-

D 3000

-

3000

E

-

F COLLECTIVE TRANSITION INDIVIDUAL

38

-

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

PLAN - INDEPENDENT WING 1

2 3000

3 3000

4 3000

5 3000

6 1000

7 3000

8 3000

-

4000

A

-

2000

B C 3000

-

D 3000

-

3000

E

F

COLLECTIVE TRANSITION

-

INDIVIDUAL

39

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

SECTIONS AA + BB

-

-

-

Section AA

B

A

COLLECTIVE TRANSITION

Section BB

INDIVIDUAL

40

-

RESOLVED DESIGN SECTION CC

-

-

-

C

COLLECTIVE TRANSITION INDIVIDUAL

41

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

SECTION DD - CONSTRUCTION

04

D

01 02

03

05

01

Suspended plasterboard ceiling

02

Steel structural framework inÀlled with SIP panel system with plasterboard interior Ànish and colorbond panels exterior Ànish

03

Polished concrete slab on grade

04

Corrugated iron roof attached to steel beams and C channels insulation to the underside of channels

05

-

-

-

Steel plate pop out window bay cladded with dressed timber

42

-

RESOLVED DESIGN BACKYARD

-

-

-

-

-

43

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

NORTH + SOUTH ELEVATIONS

-

-

North Elevation

-

-

-

South Elevation

44

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

EAST + WEST ELEVATIONS

-

-

East Elevation

-

-

-

West Elevation

45

RESOLVED DESIGN

-

INTERIOR PERSPECTIVES

-

-

Entry corridor

Entrance

-

-

Kitchen

46

Backyard

-

REFERENCES

1 The Perfect Home, Online Video TV Mini-series, directed by Neil Crombie (2006; London: Seneca Productions, 2006).

2 McCrindle Research, “Big Australia,” McCrindle Research, http:// www.mccrindle.com.au/BlogRetrieve. aspx?PostID=363632&A=SearchResult&SearchID=7143261&ObjectID=363632&ObjectType=55 (accessed 29 March 2014).

-

3 McCrindle Research, “Skilled Migrant Increase: Aussies Too Posh for Menial Work,” McCrindle Research, http://www.mccrindle.com.au/BlogRetrieve. aspx?PostID=361670&A=SearchResult&SearchID=7143261&ObjectID=361670&ObjectType=55 (accessed 29 March 2014).

-

-

-

1. Jessica Gottlieb, Patrick Gilling and Wade Cogle, “ARCH7111 New Directions for the Australian Dream” (presentation, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 25 March 2014).

2. Winjing Lim, Suek yi Lim and Ingrid O’Ryan, “ARCH7111 New Directions for the Australian Dream” (presentation, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 25 March 2014).

3. Centre for Alternative Technology, “Should I get double glazing?” Centre for Alternative Technology, http://info.cat.org.uk/sites/default/files/images/ecobuild/WISE_glazing.jpg (accessed 29 March 2014).

4 Australian Bureau of Statistics - Australian Census Analytic Program, “Australia’s Most Recent Immigrants,” Australian Bureau of Statistics, http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/free. nsf/0/2C95BF6FB48F0F2BCA256ECE007C345E/$File/20530_2001.pdf (accessed 29 March 2014).

4. anArchitecture, “100% Earth House - House Rauch,” anArchitecture, http://2.bp.blogspot. com/_ScdnDt-ZTeI/SbZ_n2lW7ZI/AAAAAAAABBc/s5bJtfvVusM/s1600-h/rammed_earth_sample. jpg (accessed 29 March 2014).

5 .id The Population Experts, “WSROC Region Birthplace,” .id The Population Experts, http:// profile.id.com.au/wsroc/birthplace (accessed 29 March 2014).

5. Kingspan, “Structural Insulated Panel Systems,” Kingspan, http://www.kingspantek.co.uk/ ktek_cms/media/media.global/TEK-Cladding-product-banner.jpg (accessed 29 March 2014).

6 The Sydney Morning Herald, “Abbott confirms Badgerys Creek airport plan,” Fairfax Media, http://www.smh.com.au/national/abbott-confirms-badgerys-creek-airport-plan-2014041536p0w.html (accessed 21 April 2014).

PRECEDENT REFERENCES

7 The Sydney Morning Herald, “Badgerys Creek railway mapped out as Tony Abbott promises airport decision,” Fairfax Media, http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/badgerys-creek-railwaymapped-out-as-tony-abbott-promises-airport-decision-20140205-3211n.html (accessed 21 April 2014).

KC Modern, “Greenbelt House,” KC Modern Blog, http://kcmodern.blogspot.com. au/2009/08/case-studyhouse-no-4-greenbelt-house.html (accessed 5 March 2014).

8 The Daily Telegraph, “Daily Telegraph’s Fair Go For The West campaign ramps up in a bid to secure fairer funding for schools, hospitals, roads, parks and rail, “ News Ltd., http:// www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/daily-telegraphs-fair-go-for-the-west-campaignramps-up-in-a-bid-to-secure-fairer-funding-for-schools-hospitals-roads-parks-and-rail/storyfni0cx12-1226876442639 (accessed 21 April 2014).

9 The Daily Telegraph, “Three thousand state public servant jobs moving to the West, “ News Ltd., http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/three-thousand-state-public-servant-jobsmoving-to-the-west/story-fni0cx12-1226860692882 (accessed 21 April 2014).

-

IMAGE REFERENCES

Ethel Buisson and Thomas Billard, The Presence of Case Study Houses (Basel; Boston: Birkhauser, 2004).

Arts and Architecture, “Greenbelt House,” Arts and Architecture, http://www. artsandarchitecture.com/case.houses/pdf01/04.pdf (accessed 5 March 2014).

Judith O’Callaghan, Designer Suburbs - Architects & Affordable Homes In Australia (University of New South Wales: NewSouth Publishing, 2012).

In the mind of the architect - Episode 3 Corrugated Dream, Digital Streaming Film. Directed

by Tim Clark, David Wenham and Janne Ryan. 1999: Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

David Hinson and Justin Miller, Designed for Habitat - Collaborations with Habitat for Humanity (New York: Routledge, 2012).

10 Chris Reardon & Paul Downton, “Passive Design: Design for Climate,” Australian Government: Your Home, http://www.yourhome.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pdf/ YOURHOME-2-PassiveDesign-1-DesignForClimate-%284Dec13%29.pdf (accessed 29 March 2014).

Hugh Nagle, Laura Robles, Rena Wang and Daniel Bogaz, “ARCH7111 New Directions for the Australian Dream” (presentation, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 25 March 2014).

11 Ibid.

Kristina Todik, Jonathan Kim and Randy Liang, “ARCH7111 New Directions for the Australian Dream” (presentation, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 25 March 2014).

47

-

-

-

-

-

-

-