ILR 2001 - 011 by Luminous – International Lighting Magazine - ILR

Revue Internationale de l’Eclairage

Internationale Licht Rundschau

Revista Internacional de Luminotecnia

ILR 011: OFFICES

International Lighting Review

11:41

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25-07-2001

Atelier Kim Zwarts

a.cover1-4 BC Pagina B

Offices

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Back Numbers 003 ROADS

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International Lighting Review ISSN 0020-7853

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An online overview of the current issue of ILR and the Quick-Reference Index of the backnumbers from 1998 onwards is available. These ILR online versions represent a key-selection of the contents of the printed versions of ILR. See www.lightingreview.com

ISSN 0165-9863 Revue Internationale de l'Eclairage ISSN 0035-3388 Revista Internacional de Luminotecnia ISSN 0167-7608 52nd year / issue 011

ILR Reader-service 002 SHOPS

Founded in 1949, International Lighting Review is devoted to all aspects of lighting. Published three times a year, it reports extensively on developments and trends in lighting, on actual problems encountered in lighting design and technology, and on outstanding projects from all over the world. ILR is richly illustrated with colour photographs and drawings covering more than 50 pages. Published by Philips Lighting, Luminaire Group Produced by LiDAC, Lighting Design and Application Centre, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Editorial office

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993 INDUSTRY

Photography: Rien Valk. Artwork: Jo van Hemert. Layout: Marie-Louise Mannaerts. Client services: Franka Heesterbeek. Translation: Philips Translation Services. Pre-publishing by Neroc, Eindhoven. Printed by Roto Smeets Services, Eindhoven. Copyright Normally speaking, articles published in International Lighting Review may be reprinted, either completely or in part, with prior written authorisation from the publisher. However, in those cases where the artwork concerned is not the property of ILR, it is not in our

992 LANDMARKS

power to grant permission to reproduce this. The views expressed in this journal by third parties are not necessarily those held by the publisher. The editor reserves the right to edit and abridge articles for publication.

991 SHOPS AND STORES Philips Lighting BU Luminaires

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Front cover: Højgaard & Schultz,Denmark,see page 36

I n t e r n a t i o n a l Lighting Review Contents

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http://www.lightingreview.com

Forum News from the world of lighting

Editor’s notes

Fingertip comfort The Netherlands and Germany

Offices Projects Bank employees use remote controlled office lighting scenes at ABN AMRO

The works The Netherlands

Theo Gielen and Marius Wouters

Not a single light switch to be seen in the new Philips Lighting Head Office, and a constant lighting level of 1000 lux. p.22 Alan

p.9 Rogier van Dis

p.12 Theo Gielen

River of Light United

Kingdom

Alan Nicholson

A brand new office building with interesting architectural and design features in Three Rivers Housing Association, Durham

p.12 Marius

In Broad Daylight The Netherlands

Laurens Zonneveldt

Natural and artificial light in the Palace of Justice, Den Bosch with light, climate and sunblind management systems. Plus a feature on lighting controls by Chris Holder

42 p.36 Morten

Morten Reimann

Ambience and comfort in the various office spaces of Højgaard and Schultz

p.33 Chris Holder

p.28 Laurens

Light Construction Denmark

p.36 Freddy Degn

From bank to bureau The Netherlands Schwencke Rosbach Architects, Amsterdam. A firm of architects are put to the test when renovating their own new office accommodation

Imaginative lobbies The lobby is the showpiece and interface between the world outside and the various office working areas – examples from the 18th IALD Contest 2001

p.42 Gerard

p.42 Christof

p.42 Sandra Bos

p.42 Roeland van

Trends 34

Light and Health

Gerrit van den Beld

Most people now work mainly indoors, often in offices, making it necessary to take health effects into account

Design 40

X-tend New series of stylish luminaires for use in office areas. Incorporating the latest optical systems for top visual performance at the desk top

Concepts 16

Mastering Office Lighting

Heinrich Kramer

The eight commandments of lighting design to promote efficient working conditions and also take into account the needs of the individual

The Daylight Challenge

Laurens Zonneveldt and Ellie de Groot

The natural way of illuminating spaces is to make use of daylight. The combination of this and artificial lighting determines visual comfort in a work environment.

The new office world

Marius Wouters and Brigitte Liem

World’s largest purpose-designed lighting demonstration facility presents the very latest developments in office lighting.

Conceptual Office Design A perfect match between needs of both personnel and customer - a view of ‘Ineenontwerp’ (In one design) Interior Design Consultancy

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GTI, Oisterwijk, Netherlands

European Green Light Programme

Flexible and glare-free

A new tailor-made lighting installation

An initiative promoted by the European Commission

North Shore City Environmental Services, Auckland, New Zealand

Launched in February 2000 by the European Commission Directorate for General Energy and Transport, the Green Light Programme is a voluntary pollution prevention initiative encouraging nonresidential electricity customers to install energy-efficient lighting technologies. The objective is to reduce energy consumption, thereby reducing pollution. This is achieved by the upgrading of lighting installations in existing spaces, where profitable, reducing the total lighting electricity consumption by at least 30%. In new spaces, energy efficient lighting would be installed from the outset. Within five years of joining the programme, the electricity consumer should complete the necessary upgrades, submit an annual progress report and appoint a Corporate Manager to assure the programme is executed. There are various benefits of becoming involved in the Green Light Programmes. Consumers save money, have better

North Shore City environmental services, concerned with building consents, property information and environmental issues, currently operate from several buildings. An efficient consolidation of their services, by centralising the processing, filing and environmental divisions, means that more individual space will be gained for the 150 staff but they will use less space overall. This new building is divided into cellular offices, which have glass walls, and openplan offices. Emphasis has been placed on flexibility of the office space so it is able to adapt to future changes in office layout. A difficulty faced by the lighting designers was the strict requirement that glare should be avoided throughout the office space. Maximum flexibility of usage has been achieved by employing a regular arrangement of TBS369 luminaires housing 2 x TLD36W/84 lamps and D6 OLC optic. The OLC optic of the TBS369

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More information about this programme can be found at www.eu-greenlight.org

provides the solution here, giving the good uniformity required and providing exceptional glare control. This arrangement is designed to give an average of 500 lux throughout. Architect: Frank Tonetti, Creative Spaces Ltd,

Craig Johnston – working with Philips Lighting,

30 Kilometres of light Vienna Twin Tower, Austria

TBS 600 range The range of innovative ‘TL’5 recessed luminaires TBS 600, from Philips Lighting, are specifically intended for use in office areas, such as Cell, Hive and Club, where they are used with a choice of five high quality optics, three of which are Omni-directional Luminance Control (OLC). These Best-in-Class optics, represent the optimum in top quality - best aesthetics, highest efficiency and optimized brightness control. For Meet and Lobby areas, the TBS600 can also be used with Best-Buy optics which offer affordable solutions. The full range of optics includes: closed, decorative, bi-directional, very wide beam, asymmetrical, and low brightness high/semi high gloss. Luminaires can easily be operated on electronic gear to allow regulation of the lighting. These recessed luminaires are designed to fit perfectly with the four main types of

lighting conditions for their employees and clients, they obtain technical assistance and free publicity about their participation, and the consumer can be identified as an environmentally-conscious company. Green Light is actively supported by the Commission and by the national energy agencies of 14 European countries.

The Vienna Twin Tower forms the main part of one of the largest urban development projects in Vienna - the Wienerberg City. The total office space amounts to 48 500m2, and will be the largest centrally managed office location in Vienna. The ‘Living Office’ - the philosophy behind the Twin Tower project - is based on the idea of a new working environment in which buildings are integrated in living spaces, containing a great deal of greenery, light and air. The open functional design of the offices is a natural catalyst for teamwork and communication. The ‘Living Office’ concept addresses the needs of the companies and their workforces and this integration of the office space into the surroundings produces an environment that improves job satisfaction, creativity and motivation.

The EyeOasis™ ceiling systems: visible profile, strip ceilings, concealed profile and panel ceiling systems, in modules of varying size. Extended luminaires can be offered up to 2000mm. The TBS600 series are also perfect to use in schools, shops and general applications.

A PC Lighting System specifically designed to ease the visual demands of using a computer. The flickering of a computer screen, even when barely perceptible, often leads to eye strain, headaches, blurred vision and contributes to general stress and fatigue. Jay Dillon, a researcher, inventor and artist from the United States, has developed a device which alleviates the associated problems of prolonged staring at a computer screen. This is the Eye Oasis, a bank of small coloured lights that sits in the workstation near the user's computer. Every hour or so during the working day, the user takes a few minutes break and watches the device, which produces a cascading pattern of coloured lights. Patterns, colours and pulse rate can be varied by the user depending on what feels best. The effect is

restful, relaxing and enjoyable, both visually and emotionally, leading to less fatigue and stress, greater alertness and efficiency for the PC user. In 1995 the Eye Oasis was recognised by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America as a potentially valuable ergonomic tool.

More information about this device can be found at www.lightncolor.com

Photos Andreas Draxler

GTI Installatietechniek is one of the largest technical installation companies in the Netherlands. Their new building in Oisterwijk is an open structure with small windows and the interior design exposes the thermal installation, reflecting the nature of the company. A particular feature of the office space inside the building is the presence of baffles on the ceiling. These are intended to absorb the noise in the office areas. However, this unusual addition created a problem for the lighting designers. Luminaires could not be fitted directly to the ceiling because then the baffles would affect the lighting level, making it uneven. Therefore the lighting had to be designed around the baffles. The solution was to integrate the luminaire into the baffle itself. Each one is 12cm wide and 3.25m long, so each luminaire was adapted to be twice its normal size. The luminaires employed in the office area are the TPX700, fitted with D7-60 optics with Omni-directional

Luminance Control (OLC). This eliminates glare and gives the user maximum freedom when positioning the computer monitor in the office. Each luminaire houses two ‘TL’5 35 W lamps. Despite the initial inconvenience, the presence of the baffles afforded an opportunity to streamline the project by concealing all the ballasts and wiring inside the baffle. Lighting controls are provided by Luxsense, LRL1220. This system assesses the amount of daylight and gradually dims the lamps accordingly, which has obvious energy-saving advantages. In the walkway areas there are no baffles, so different luminaires have been fitted here. These are the Kristea suspended luminaires with metal reflectors to control glare, each one using a PL-T 42 W lamp. This whole installation provides an excellent example of how the lighting products can be adapted to the very specific needs of the customer. Lighting design: GTI in co-operation with Philips Lighting

In addition, these lamps are state-of-the-art with regard to both energy use and lighting technology. In addition, OLC (Omni-directional Luminance Control) louvres were used to ensure glare protection. Architects: Fuksas.

The whole project has been lighted by Philips Lighting from the 2nd to the 35th floors. As the ‘TL’5 series is half the thickness of conventional fluorescent tubes, they were installed, as the overall height of the lights - and therefore the ceiling height - could be considerably less.

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GTI, Oisterwijk, Netherlands

European Green Light Programme

Flexible and glare-free

A new tailor-made lighting installation

An initiative promoted by the European Commission

North Shore City Environmental Services, Auckland, New Zealand

ilr 011 forum3

More information about this programme can be found at www.eu-greenlight.org

Craig Johnston – working with Philips Lighting,

30 Kilometres of light Vienna Twin Tower, Austria

More information about this device can be found at www.lightncolor.com

Photos Andreas Draxler

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Prize-winning offices

Town Hall, Burgos, Spain First Prize

Award winners in the Philips Millennium Lighting Contest

Lighting of the façades and all indoor areas of a fully refurbished four-storey municipal building, with strong emphasis on energy conservation. There is a very sophisticated lighting control, combining automatic regulation by daylight and presence detectors with individual control by the occupants of the offices.

The Millennium Lighting Contest, for installations designed by members of the Philips Lighting organisation using the company’s products, attracted 82 entries from 33 Lighting Organisations. The prize-winning offices in the category Commercial and Public Service Areas are featured here

The Lighting Office areas: TL-5 fluorescent lamps of 28 W, colour 840, in TBS 630 two-lamp luminaires with OLC optics, partly with light regulation. Circulation areas: PL-C compact fluorescent lamps of 18 W, colour 827, in FBH 145 twolamp downlights; PL-C compact fluorescent lamps of 13 W, colour 827, in 813 downlights. Lighting control: Helio, coupled to the building management system, Scenio in the auditorium. Façade lighting: CDM-T and CDM-TD Mastercolour compact metal halide lamps of 70 W, colour 830, in MBF 505 Pompeï ground-mounting floodlights and MWF 130 Tempo 1 floodlights, respectively; QL induction lamp systems of 85 W in existing lanterns; fibreoptic installation with two Focus light generators. The Jury expressed its admiration for this interesting and very complete civic-building project, which makes use of the most innovative products and very sophisticated lightingcontrol facilities.

The 18th Philips International Lighting Contest - the Millennium Lighting Contest covered the period from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 1999. Projects could be entered in any of the six Application Groups into which the Contest was divided. These were: Commercial and Public Service Areas, Industrial Areas, Social Areas, City Beautification, Sports, and Traffic and Transport. As this issue of ILR is devoted to office lighting, we have featured the entries in the Application Group; Commercial and Public Service Areas. But we begin with the Special Millennium Prize, which was awarded to the best entry of all those received.

Entry: Philips Ibérica de Alumbrado S.A., Madrid. Messrs Juan Carlos Cristóbal, Félix Funes, Francisco Alonso and José Gil.

Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey Special Millennium Prize This installation was in the department: Education and Culture Centre of the Middle East. The main hall has a very sophisticated acoustic ceiling, and the lighting installation has been installed so as not to interfere with this. Furthermore, the lighting conforms to the building management system (BMS) installed by the client. The energy-effective lighting solution emphasises the architectural elements of the various foyers, exhibition hall, lecture theatres and offices.

The Lighting High-ceilinged areas: An effective solution has been obtained using high-luminance tubular fluorescents (TL-D Reflex) to provide indirect lighting.

Halls: The combined use of fluorescent and incandescent lamps provides the possibility of making different lighting combinations for different illuminance levels and different visual effects. The latter (PAR + halogen) are used mainly for the purpose of dimming, their warm colours also being in line with the specifications of the existing BMS. The Jury was impressed by the extremely high standard of design and execution, down to the smallest detail, of this prestigious installation. The lighting solutions show endless variety, but are always fully in accordance with the bold architecture.

1, 2 Education and Culture Centre of the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey. 3, 4 Town Hall, Burgos, Spain.

Entry: Türk Philips Aydinlatma Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S., Istanbul. Ms Tülin Için, Mr Haldun Demirdes. 4

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Prize-winning offices

Town Hall, Burgos, Spain First Prize

Award winners in the Philips Millennium Lighting Contest

Entry: Philips Ibérica de Alumbrado S.A., Madrid. Messrs Juan Carlos Cristóbal, Félix Funes, Francisco Alonso and José Gil.

The Lighting High-ceilinged areas: An effective solution has been obtained using high-luminance tubular fluorescents (TL-D Reflex) to provide indirect lighting.

1, 2 Education and Culture Centre of the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey. 3, 4 Town Hall, Burgos, Spain.

Entry: Türk Philips Aydinlatma Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S., Istanbul. Ms Tülin Için, Mr Haldun Demirdes. 4

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BASF, Prague, Czech Republic

European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Second Prize

Third Prize

Renovation of the lighting of all indoor areas of a multistorey office block - Charlemagne building- with a modular layout. Very energy-effective lighting solution, requiring only two single-lamp luminaires per building module (1.35 x 5.2 m).

Lighting of all indoor areas of a national head-office building. The lighting blends extremely well with the architecture of the building.

The Lighting TL-5 fluorescent lamps of 28 W, colour 830, in TBP 600 single-lamp luminaires with OLC optics (project version of TBS 600). Lighting control by Helio. The Jury considered this an excellent example of the energy saving that can be obtained by the use of highefficiency optical systems in combination with clever lightregulation strategies, and appreciated the high commercial value of this project.

The Lighting Office areas: TL-5 fluorescent lamps of 28 W, colour 840, in TBS 630 two-lamp luminaires with OLC optics. Circulation areas: PL-C compact fluorescent lamps of 18 W, colour 840, in FBH 145 twolamp downlights; CDM-T Mastercolour compact metal halide lamps of 70 W, colour 942, in MBR 600 Odyssey asymmetrical downlights. The Jury admired the high standard of design and execution of this prestigious project, which also brought in excellent commercial results.

Entry: Philips Lighting Belgium, Luminaire Department, Brussels. Messrs Xavier De Blocq and Henri Leclercq.

Entry by: Philips Ceská Republika S.R.O., Division Lighting, Prague. Mr Martin Matoušek.

5, 6 European Commission, Charlemagne building, Brussels, Belgium.

Siemens, Frankfurt, Germany

7, 8 BASF head-office, Prague, Czech Republic.

Renovation of the lighting in a five-storey office building of the open-plan type, with dividing walls. The new luminaires are incorporated in the existing false-ceiling system. An energy saving of 30 per cent was achieved, a significant improvement on the old installation.

9 Siemens, Frankfurt, Germany.

Honourable Mention

The Lighting TL-5 high-output fluorescent lamps of 39 W, colour 840, in TBS 785 single-lamp luminaires with OLC optics. The Jury congratulated the winner on the very good results achieved in terms of energy saving, especially in view of the severe limiting circumstances. Entry: Philips Licht, Geschäftsbereich Leuchten, Region West, St. Sebastian. Mr Ralf Marschall.

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BASF, Prague, Czech Republic

European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Second Prize

Third Prize

Lighting of all indoor areas of a national head-office building. The lighting blends extremely well with the architecture of the building.

Entry: Philips Lighting Belgium, Luminaire Department, Brussels. Messrs Xavier De Blocq and Henri Leclercq.

Entry by: Philips Ceská Republika S.R.O., Division Lighting, Prague. Mr Martin Matoušek.

5, 6 European Commission, Charlemagne building, Brussels, Belgium.

Siemens, Frankfurt, Germany

7, 8 BASF head-office, Prague, Czech Republic.

9 Siemens, Frankfurt, Germany.

Honourable Mention

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Projects

From surfaces to spaces

Two branches of the ABN AMRO bank, the new Head Office in Amsterdam and a branch in Frankfurt, have provided state-of-the-art comfort control systems for their employees

Editor’s notes

Indoor lighting and outdoor lighting have seldom the same conceptual priorities. Today in some areas of application, like offices, there seems to be an increased interest for similar concepts in both application fields, for example a shift from ‘surface’ to ‘space’. Traditionally the surface is the main object of interest in lighting: outdoors a road surface, to avoid any ‘obstacle’ on it; indoors a desk surface in the office, or perhaps even more precisely, the piece of paper on this desk. Today, as it is confirmed in Kramer’s article, the space itself starts to play a major role. We noticed this evolution outdoors in our previous Roads issue. This is indeed quite logical. After all, the boundaries of the office are the ‘box’ in which the workers have to spend long hours staring at a computer screen. It is hard to believe, but actually it was not so long ago that the legibility of a pencil written text was considered as an important criteria for the quality of the lighting (with respect to specular reflections on it). Today the laser printer delivers perfectly sharp, matt, black texts which makes the lighting of such a visual task a piece of cake. But it is important now to light the space itself, which is of course an other piece of cake, and truly a design job.

yet this not the case even these days in which ‘natural’ is a reference and a favoured selling argument. Mankind has worked outdoors for time immemorial and yet when we moved indoors to work, not so long ago, we accepted light levels which were only fractions of the outdoor level, as van den Beld explains further in this issue. In offices today 500 lux is the horizontal illuminance considered as being acceptable, but this is a mere tenth of the light on the street on a dark winter morning. It is definitely the time to start research projects to establish the value of having more light at work, for the satisfaction of employees and even for economic reasons. The extra cost of providing more light on a workstation could have an extremely short payback time one single day less illness in a year saves the community, or the employer, more than the extra electricity expenses incurred over a full year.

J F Caminada

Health If there is one area which would seem to be an absolute model for healthy lighting conditions this is the outdoor world, by day that is. And

Fingertip comfort 4

Automated control systems for the ABN AMRO, Netherlands and Germany

Each individual remote control unit had to serve to select the appropriate lighting level, the climate, and the setting of the sun-blinds

T 1

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The cost of running lighting, heating and airconditioning systems represents a large part of the operating budget of most large companies. The inefficient use of lighting contributes considerably to this expense. Lights are often left on in conference rooms after meetings, and the lighting systems on many floors continue to operate long after the last employee has gone home for the evening. But much energy is also wasted in maintaining unoccupied offices at high temperature levels, and in failing to deploy sun blinds to keep down the heating effect of sunlight, putting extra pressure on the airconditioning system. Energy saving apart, the ABN AMRO Head Offices in Amsterdam and Frankfurt were anxious to ensure that their new office accommodation should satisfy two other very

important requirements. Firstly that the occupants should be able to control for themselves factors such as temperature, the ingress of sunlight, and lighting level, which influence the comfort of the working environment. Secondly that the technical installations should accommodate any changes to the layout of an office space. Technical management decided that some form of combined network use was essential to satisfy these requirements. Having compared the various systems available, the one finally chosen for this application was the extremely flexible LonWorks platform - a standard widely used to build automated control applications. In Amsterdam, this Local Operating Network (LON) is employed in conjunction with the Philips HELIO lighting control system (see ILR

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Projects

From surfaces to spaces

Two branches of the ABN AMRO bank, the new Head Office in Amsterdam and a branch in Frankfurt, have provided state-of-the-art comfort control systems for their employees

Editor’s notes

J F Caminada

Health If there is one area which would seem to be an absolute model for healthy lighting conditions this is the outdoor world, by day that is. And

Fingertip comfort 4

Automated control systems for the ABN AMRO, Netherlands and Germany

Each individual remote control unit had to serve to select the appropriate lighting level, the climate, and the setting of the sun-blinds

T 1

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1-7 Exterior and interior views of the new head office of the ABN AMRO in Amsterdam. 6 Specially-designed dimmable ‘TL’5 luminaires house either 2 x 49 W lamps or 2 x 28 W (short version).

luminaires to provide direct and indirect lighting. 8, 9 The new head office of ABN AMRO in Frankfurt, Germany. Here the LON system is coupled to Luxsense sensors on the lamps.

7 Suspended 7

954) and is a so-called open-bus system that makes possible the integration of other building systems, along with the lighting. In Frankfurt, the LON system is coupled to Luxsense sensors on the lamps. Personal climate control Using this system, the occupant of an office employs a single remote-control unit to select his or her personal preference for the lighting, the temperature, the setting of the sun-blinds, and even the do-not-disturb sign over the office door. The HELIO sensor passes this information on to the LON bus system and the individual building systems connected to this are instructed to act accordingly. After a predetermined time, the lighting will automatically switch off, the air conditioning will revert to a stand-by setting and, if the sun is shining, the sun-blinds will close to prevent unnecessary heating up of the building. Quick changes to office layout The ABN AMRO experiences frequent organisational changes and so often has to adapt the layout of its office spaces accordingly. With traditional vertical cabling methods, this invariably involves the expenditure of much time and money because internal walls have to be moved and cables have to be re-routed. This is why the bank insisted that it should be possible to make any changes to the technical control network needed as a result of changes to the office layout using computer software rather than having to make changes to the physical layout. This is possible thanks to the LonWorks standard employed, in which all connections between the various facilities of the comfort system are softwired. Any required changes to the control of climate, lighting and sun-blinds can be made within a minute by a few clicks of the mouse. Custom-made luminaires The lighting installation is particularly energy efficient and offers optimal lighting comfort. The luminaires employ the new ‘TL’5 tubular

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fluorescent lamp and were specially designed for the ABN AMRO. The diameter of this lamp is a mere 16 mm, which meant that the luminaires could be kept slim. At the same time, the special mirror optics provide a better, more uniform distribution of both the direct and the indirect light, so affording increased comfort when working with computers. The luminaires also ensure a constant lighting level on the desk top is possible. This is due to the built-in light sensor. If this senses that the amount of light is increasing due to more daylight, it dims the light output of the luminaire accordingly. The result is a more comfortable lighted environment and an important saving in energy. The luminaires are connected to HELIO control units coupled to the LonWorks network. These ‘listen’ to the separate buttons on the remote control unit, one set controlling the row of luminaires by the windows and the other set control the luminaires adjacent to the aisle. At the end of the day, the lighting is switched off in two stages so the office is not suddenly plunged into darkness. If desired, the lighting can be switched on again using the remote control unit. ■

ABN AMRO Amsterdam Architects: Henry Cobb, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, New York Lighting design: Henry Cobb in co-operation with Technical Management Consultancy, Amersfoort and Philips Lighting ABN AMRO Frankfurt Architects: Zäske+Maul, Wiesbaden Lighting design: Ebener und Partner, Frankfurt Ingenieurbüro, Dr Klaus Petry, Offenbach Lighting equipment: Philips Lighting

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e.edn abnamro 8-11

25-07-2001

11:57

Pagina 10

1-7 Exterior and interior views of the new head office of the ABN AMRO in Amsterdam. 6 Specially-designed dimmable ‘TL’5 luminaires house either 2 x 49 W lamps or 2 x 28 W (short version).

luminaires to provide direct and indirect lighting. 8, 9 The new head office of ABN AMRO in Frankfurt, Germany. Here the LON system is coupled to Luxsense sensors on the lamps.

7 Suspended 7

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f.philipsoffice12-15

25-07-2001

12:03

Pagina 12

Projects Theo Gielen and Marius Wouters

In a move to make more efficient use of its office accommodation, Philips Lighting decided to use part of one of its existing properties in the centre of Eindhoven

The works Philips Lighting Head Office, The Netherlands

The basic idea is to have a representative and stimulating accommodation equipped with the latest state-of-the-art IT-facilities and a purpose-designed lighting installation 3

Organisations need to be flexible in their office layouts in order to be able to adapt to changing needs. The present-day office worker is quite accustomed to remote working, using the internet, the laptop and the mobile telephone, and so office areas have to be made available for visiting employees, with so-called touch-down working stations for those who are not working on a regular office-time schedule. There is also a need to increase the number and diversity of the formal and informal communication and meeting areas in the office space. The new Head Office of Philips Lighting in the centre of Eindhoven will answer all these requirements. Occupying a large part of what

was formerly purely a laboratory building, the new interior architecture makes use of warm furnishing materials and natural colours. Desks and cupboards in natural wood finishes are abundant, and doors in restful shades of green blend with the soft-yellow wallpaper and the various autumnal hues of the floor coverings.

The Lighting The lighting provides a blanket illuminance of 1000 lux throughout the various types of office spaces. This is considerably higher than that required by the new European CEN recommendations covering office lighting, but was considered necessary in order to ensure a stimulating working environment. The lighting is a combination of daylight and artificial light, with controls that automatically adjust the level of the latter to give a constant 1000 lux as daylight levels fluctuate. One of the first things the visitor becomes aware of is that there is not a single light switch to be 1, 2 ,5 Open-plan Hive office. On the north side of the building the lighting is provided by three rows of TBS 630 luminaires (2 x ‘TL’5 35 W/830), with the D7 optics for

3 Lobby. A row of ceilingrecessed PLC 26 W downlighters provide the main illumination to about 450 lux. Decorative Adante wall luminaires (‘TL’5C) and

4 Coffee corner. Warm, low-key lighting for relaxation is provided by 50 W SDW-T and 50 W low5

ilr 011 offices/projects

f.philipsoffice12-15

25-07-2001

12:03

Pagina 12

Projects Theo Gielen and Marius Wouters

In a move to make more efficient use of its office accommodation, Philips Lighting decided to use part of one of its existing properties in the centre of Eindhoven

The works Philips Lighting Head Office, The Netherlands

The basic idea is to have a representative and stimulating accommodation equipped with the latest state-of-the-art IT-facilities and a purpose-designed lighting installation 3

3 Lobby. A row of ceilingrecessed PLC 26 W downlighters provide the main illumination to about 450 lux. Decorative Adante wall luminaires (‘TL’5C) and

4 Coffee corner. Warm, low-key lighting for relaxation is provided by 50 W SDW-T and 50 W low5

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f.philipsoffice12-15

25-07-2001

12:03

Pagina 14

6 6 Cell office. Ceiling-recessed TBS 785 luminaires (1 x ‘TL’5 49 W/830) with D7 optics ensure glarefree working, whatever the viewing direction.

9 Conference room. The lighting, provided by a combination of PLC and low-voltage halogen downlighters, can be selected to suit the needs of the

occasion. 10 groundplan: Lighting design plan with numerical indication of the various working and

7 Cocoons. Lighting for concentration and communication provided by four decorative TPX 700 suspended luminaires. 8 Manager’s offices. Here the lighting is the 7

seen! Whatever office space is entered, a presence detector linked to a Helio lighting control system will tell the lighting to switch on. And it will tell the lighting to switch off again when you leave. Particular care has also been taken to create high lighting levels on vertical planes, as this is known to positively influence the performance and general well-being of the employees.

2 1

3 6

Efficient luminaires The office lighting luminaires are the highly efficient TBS 630 and the TBS 785, for two 35 W and a single 49 W TL5 lamp, respectively. These are both provided with (D7) OLC optics (see ILR 981) to ensure reflection-free lighting in spite of the many computer screens. But besides being extremely efficient, the lighting was also required to reinforce the warm, domestic nature of the furnishings. Hence the choice of TL5 colour 830 (3000 K) and the warmwhite of the SDW-T White SON (2700 K), PL and halogen decorative lighting employed in the

entrance Lobby, coffee corners and informal meeting areas. The Lobby The decorative lighting begins in the entrance hall and corridor part of the Lobby. Here a row of ceiling-recessed PLC downlighters provide the main illumination to about 450 lux, with decorative Adante wall luminaires and small halogen spots being used to highlight the architectural elements. Cell offices These are one or two-person offices opening off the corridor on the south side of the building. The lighting comes from five ceilingrecessed TBS 785 luminaires (1 x TL5 49 W/830) in a staggered arrangement. The (D7) optics provide a delta-shaped light distribution to ensure glare-free working, whatever the desk arrangement. Open-plan Hive office On the other side of the building, the north side, is the open-plan Hive office area. The lighting here is provided by

three rows of TBS 630 luminaires (2 x TL5 35 W/830), again with the D7 optical system for comfortable computer-screen working. The same lighting is employed in the glass-fronted manager’s offices to obtain uniformity of appearance and maximum flexibility. Cocoons Adjoining the open office area are a number of small, glass-fronted ‘cocoon’ offices, each provided with its own ‘touch-down’ connection to the internet. These can be used by anyone wishing to escape from the hustle and bustle of the open Hive office. The lighting is different in that it is based on decorative suspended fluorescent luminaires (TPX 700 with D7 optics and 2 x TL5 49 W) providing both direct and indirect lighting. Coffee corner The wide circulation space between the cocoons and the open-plan area, which contains the coffee corner and informal meeting place, has been given a very warm lighting treatment. Ceiling-recessed SDW-T

downlighters provide the main illumination, while small halogen 50 W downlights built-into ‘triangles’ suspended above the tables provide accent-rich local lighting. The walls of the cocoons are illuminated by TL5 luminaires. Meet Each of the six office floors is provided with a number of different-sized formal and informal meeting areas and rooms. Each meeting room has its own pre-programmed set of lighting ‘scenes’ suited to different activities (meetings, video-conferencing, presentations, celebrations), which can be selected at the press of a button. ■

Interior design: VEG Interior Building Systems BV, Eindhoven, and architect Bert Staal Lighting design: Marius Wouters and Theo Gielen, LiDAC, Philips Lighting, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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f.philipsoffice12-15

25-07-2001

12:03

Pagina 14

6 6 Cell office. Ceiling-recessed TBS 785 luminaires (1 x ‘TL’5 49 W/830) with D7 optics ensure glarefree working, whatever the viewing direction.

9 Conference room. The lighting, provided by a combination of PLC and low-voltage halogen downlighters, can be selected to suit the needs of the

occasion. 10 groundplan: Lighting design plan with numerical indication of the various working and

7 Cocoons. Lighting for concentration and communication provided by four decorative TPX 700 suspended luminaires. 8 Manager’s offices. Here the lighting is the 7

2 1

3 6

Interior design: VEG Interior Building Systems BV, Eindhoven, and architect Bert Staal Lighting design: Marius Wouters and Theo Gielen, LiDAC, Philips Lighting, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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g.masteroffice16-21

25-07-2001

12:05

Pagina 16

Concepts Photos: Luc Laurent

The lighting and spatial arrangement of the modern office environment should be designed to facilitate efficient working and also take into account the needs of the person

Mastering Office Lighting Heinrich Kramer

An increasing number of people are performing activities that in the broadest sense of the term can be described as office activities. They spend their working time sitting at a desk in an office environment. Linking up these workstations with others in the same firm and throughout the world means that each has to meet new requirements. Some are already being designed as teleworking or job-sharing workstations, utilising modern communication systems (telephone, fax, e-mail, computer networks) to transmit and receive various types of information from databases worldwide. Face-to-face communication is becoming less important. Office work can be understood as comprising a host of frequently varying activities, involving the processing of ‘files’, communicating with other workstations, operating the communication media, communicating with other members of staff, thinking, organising, and so on. Each activity imposes different requirements on the office space, workstation, surroundings, furnishings, equipment, and also the lighting. Equally, each activity demands a different relationship with other rooms in the building or elsewhere. As every company or public authority differs in structure and organisation, so does the emphasis put on each specific activity, therefore affecting these relationships. The result is that individual workstations have to meet very complex requirements. Irrespective of the requirements that have already been discussed above, a number of basic human needs have to be taken into account in the design of office workstations. These human needs reflect a person’s desire for: • orientation in space and time (genius loci, culture, tradition, spirit of the times, biorhythm) • privacy and communication • information and familiarity • variation and surprise (not monotonous) These human needs can be incorporated into a scheme for lighting designers: The eight commandments of good lighting design. The eight commandments of lighting design 1. The lighting should facilitate orientation and definition of a person’s location in space and time. Spatial location refers not only to the physical co-ordinates in metres and centimetres, but also to people's location in society and culture their relationship with history and tradition. 2. Lighting should be an integral part of the architecture and interior design, viz. planned from the beginning and not added as an afterthought.

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3. Through the choice of form, colour and material and in its design and details, lighting should support the intentions of the architecture and interior design rather than function independently. 4. Lighting should create a mood and atmosphere that meets people's demands and expectations (e.g. formal, intimate, official, sober, cheap, bright, dim, homely, valuable, wide, inviting, unfriendly, etc.). 5. Lighting should facilitate and promote communication among people. 6. Lighting should make a statement and convey a message over and above mere brightness. It should express something. 7. Lighting should be original in its basic forms of expression. It should not be a mass product that simply reproduces what already exists. 8. And, last but not least, lighting should also facilitate perception and recognition of people's surroundings. The requirements that a new lighting code should fulfil in terms of ambience and light could be formulated as follows. General requirements The lighting and ambience of a workplace has to fulfil the users' expectations, which are determined by culture, society and education. The expectations relate to the functionality, aesthetics, ergonomics, etc. of the rooms and their furnishings. They have to be designed so as to support people's biorhythms or circadian cycles (orientation in space and time). People must be able to concentrate without any disruption (privacy) and be able to converse with their colleagues when necessary (communication). The work zones should be arranged so that the windows, the room, the entrances and exits, as well as the activity of others, can be observed. Everything should be visible ‘at a glance’ and familiar. Dark and indistinct zones should not be created (information and familiarity). The rooms should offer variation and surprise. Lighting must not distract as a result of being conspicuous, non-functional or ugly (style) or as a result of creating an inappropriate atmosphere (dazzle, flicker, reflection). Disruptive effects on the biorhythm are particularly serious.

Typical design and lighting atmosphere of an open-plan office in the 60s and 70s – ‘standard

The lighting fixtures are out of proportion and ‘threatening’ rather than pleasant. The nature of the material and the brightness of the ceiling are

Very ‘misty’ lighting atmosphere, the proportion of direct light from the suspended luminaires is too low. A new lighting level is created by the

Office workplaces with no visual link to the outside are 'inhuman'. Artificial light should

A daylight atmosphere at night leads to a lower acceptance of artificial lighting. The numerous standing luminaires represent visual, spatial unrest.

Typical open-plan atmosphere with no visual link with the outside. Ceiling design is poor and there

During the day, lighting should be enlivening, activating and motivating in accordance with the human biorhythm. For their own well-being, people need appropriate visual contact with the outside world, with the cycle of day and night, seasons, weather and the environment (quality of the view, size/direction of windows, nature of the surroundings in the field of vision, arrangement of the workstation in

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g.masteroffice16-21

25-07-2001

12:05

Pagina 16

Concepts Photos: Luc Laurent

The lighting and spatial arrangement of the modern office environment should be designed to facilitate efficient working and also take into account the needs of the person

Mastering Office Lighting Heinrich Kramer

ilr 011 offices/concepts

Typical design and lighting atmosphere of an open-plan office in the 60s and 70s – ‘standard

The lighting fixtures are out of proportion and ‘threatening’ rather than pleasant. The nature of the material and the brightness of the ceiling are

Very ‘misty’ lighting atmosphere, the proportion of direct light from the suspended luminaires is too low. A new lighting level is created by the

Office workplaces with no visual link to the outside are 'inhuman'. Artificial light should

A daylight atmosphere at night leads to a lower acceptance of artificial lighting. The numerous standing luminaires represent visual, spatial unrest.

Typical open-plan atmosphere with no visual link with the outside. Ceiling design is poor and there

ilr 011 offices/concepts

g.masteroffice16-21

25-07-2001

12:05

Pagina 18

An office with a personal atmosphere. Artificial light ornamentation is a little too direct.

Personal atmosphere with untidiness and chaos.

relation to the window, visual protection, dimming, sun protection, openability of windows, etc.). People have to get the biologically necessary dosage of visible radiation (2000 to 3000 lux 3 to 4 hours per day). Artificial light must not be a substitute for poor daylight; it should only support daylight. Different artificial light is expected in the daytime than at night.

Office design The workstation and its surroundings (i.e. the whole room) have to be designed in accordance with human needs. Particular attention needs to be devoted to the provision of daylight and the creation of zones for privacy and communication. There are two aspects to sufficient daylight. Firstly, people require a proper link with the circadian cycle (day and night), seasons, weather, nature and the environment. This calls for good visual contact from the workstation through a window or skylight. It is not possible to compensate for poor daylight with artificial light, because artificial light does not provide contact with the accustomed cycle of day and night. Furthermore, artificial light during the day makes us conscious of a lack of daylight. Daylight has to provide the biologically effective dosage of visible radiation (particularly in the winter) for workstations that are continually occupied. The necessary illuminances in the visible range have already been mentioned above. We still lack proper knowledge about the dosage in the ultraviolet and infrared range of the spectrum. It is certain, however, that this spectral range is also necessary for our health. If daylight is regarded in this way, then the majority of office workstations in the industrialised western nations are undoubtedly ‘underlighted’. Zoned lighting and the warm colour rendering of a table luminaire are greatly appreciated during transitional hours (mornings and evenings). Only when there is absolutely no more daylight is it desirable to have artificial light that is so differentiated that the various tasks described above can be performed and the lighting can be adjusted to the individual wishes of the user. Controlling light according to criteria other than personal ones will always be regarded by the user as patronising. For automatic control of artificial light it is necessary to know the individual wishes of the user. However, these wishes are so diverse that no control programme could do justice to them. Privacy requires that a room or an area of a room should be sufficiently

At night, light has to be soothing, relaxing and restful, in accordance with the human biorhythm. Together with the way the room is fitted out, artificial light has to create the appropriate atmosphere (festive, intimate, soothing ...) depending on function, activity and mood. It should be possible, moreover, for the user to alter this atmosphere according to needs. Atmosphere is created through: • View to the outside (even at night a window is important) • Diffusion of light in the room (wall, ceiling, floor) • Zoning of the room and the work zone in relation to the other zones • Light and colour patterns (light and luminaire patterns in the room and on the boundaries of the room) • Design of the luminaires and their integration in the room (type of luminaire, height of luminous point, dimensions, the way it is mounted, visibility) The design of any office, including the organisational forms that go with it, should take these needs into account. All the studies on the acceptance of offices in the past decades have demonstrated that lack of privacy and inadequate daylight (view of the outside) were the main causes of complaint. It would appear appropriate, therefore, to derive criteria for the design of offices from human needs, the eight commandments, and the plan for a new ‘lighting code’.

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The importance of a visual link to the outside through a window at different times of year and day and night.

Desk luminaires are important components for creating 'private' ambience.

separate, optically and acoustically, from other workstations and that there should be certain rules governing access for others (e.g. having to knock or report, etc.). The area concerned should be fitted out in a personalised fashion and should fulfil the requirements of job, activity and personality. In accordance with the individual need for privacy, an office workplace should include an area to which people can withdraw in order to work and think without disruption. Evenly-distributed ceiling luminaires do not create light that is personal and private. Furthermore, light has to be capable of being adjusted to needs and the different activities in the office. A reduction in the average lighting level does not affect the privacy of an office. It is only changing from uniform to zoned light, from indirect to direct light, or the changing (enlarging or shifting) of the light zones that alters the atmosphere of the lighting. This means that, according to the activity and the needs of the

user, we need several lighting systems present that can be adjusted to suit the current activity. Communication is understood here to mean the exchange of information among people who are in close proximity to one another and ‘communicate’ with one another. Communication via telephone, fax, email, etc. is a separate matter, as is the question whether improved communication via the aforementioned media can fully or partially replace the direct form of communication. What is certain is that all these media permit communication in a more or less reduced form and that restricting ourselves to only one of these forms of communication would lead to changes of perception and people may be misinterpreted. This means that for direct communication it is necessary to have a place where people meet to talk and negotiate with one another. Depending on the situation – a simple rendezvous or a company meeting – different places will be chosen. Since office work often involves communicating with colleagues, a meeting place should be in the immediate vicinity of the workstations (in the same room). It should facilitate communication by virtue of its spatial arrangement, its furnishings and its light. The atmosphere and the furnishings of this place are extremely important. Light can help to create the right mood and to differentiate the area from the actual workstation. Communication requires that proper recognisability of the faces of those concerned should be created. This calls for very balanced vertical illuminances on people's faces. The correct illuminance on the desk or conference table is by no means a guarantee of clear recognisability of faces. Two rows of strip lighting on or mounted in the ceiling, or suspended parallel to the frontage, certainly will not create a suitable negotiating atmosphere. As people often communicate between two opposite desks, the workstation light also has to meet the requirement for

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g.masteroffice16-21

25-07-2001

12:05

Pagina 18

An office with a personal atmosphere. Artificial light ornamentation is a little too direct.

Personal atmosphere with untidiness and chaos.

ilr 011 offices/concepts

The importance of a visual link to the outside through a window at different times of year and day and night.

Desk luminaires are important components for creating 'private' ambience.

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g.masteroffice16-21

25-07-2001

12:06

Pagina 20

A modern administration building with group offices during day ...

...and night.

Lighting design in corridors.

A conference room with a good daylight atmosphere.

good communication light. This requirement for a ‘communicative atmosphere’ is particularly important in meeting and conference rooms separated from the workstations. The size and shape of the work room, and its fittings and furnishings, have to fulfil the personal requirements of the user. It is often thought that, in order to meet these requirements, it is enough to have an ergonomic design of the office chairs and equipment. Even a shabby, poor-quality fitted carpet or failure to meet personal wishes regarding the furnishing can result in a lower work performance. Standardised offices with standardised furnishing that suggests absolute uniformity are certainly not appropriate for highly specialised, sensitive ‘brainworkers’. Similarly, lighting or furnishing that suggests that ‘economy’ is the basic criterion shows that importance is attached to interests other than the needs of the users. The personal touch in an office lies not only in the fact that someone has put up his or her own posters or pictures on the wall or is allowed to personalise his or her desk to some extent, but in the degree to which the user of an office personally identifies with the room, the furnishings and the working conditions. An array of hundreds of offices of the same calibre with the same furnishing and equipment and the familiar two strip luminaires (reflector grids 1 x 58 W that comply with the BAP standard) parallel to the frontage are not calculated to create a rapport between user and office workstation. Basically, artificial light has to create the right atmosphere for work. To this end, it should be zoned (clearly noticeable concentration of light) and adaptable to personal needs. In order for light to be ‘personal light’, it is essential that people should be able to dispose over it and be involved in its design. A luminaire, moreover, does not become better by the mere fact that it is controlled as a function of daylight. Nor do imitations of daylight cycles in artificial light affect the acceptance of an office workstation, because artificial light, however good, shows during the day that the natural light

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is not sufficient or of sufficient quality. A room has to be designed so that it is easy to survey (no dark, visually inaccessible areas) and the workstation should make it possible to direct one's gaze to the window and to the entrances/exits. Light and ambience should not create an atmosphere of monotony and should be re-designed at appropriate intervals, since changing attitudes and fashions call for changes to the furnishings and materials. If one compares the lighting design criteria referred to in this article with current practices, one finds considerable differences. Given the evergrowing importance of the service sector, it would appear to be urgently necessary to reconsider current lighting and design practices in workplaces and to create a working environment that does greater justice to people. ■ Office lighting details. Finely distributed light in the coffered ceiling and architecture-oriented indirect light and direct light for specific zones.

Author: Professor Dr. Ing. Heinrich Kramer, General Manager, Licht Design GmbH, Cologne, Germany, and Professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the RheinischeWestfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany.

Excellent daylight, the clear ceiling and lighting design, together with personal touches in the workplace design, result in good working

ilr 011 offices/concepts

g.masteroffice16-21

25-07-2001

12:06

Pagina 20

A modern administration building with group offices during day ...

...and night.

Lighting design in corridors.

A conference room with a good daylight atmosphere.

ilr 011 offices/concepts

Excellent daylight, the clear ceiling and lighting design, together with personal touches in the workplace design, result in good working

ilr 011 offices/concepts

h.3rivers 22-23

25-07-2001

12:09

Pagina 22

Projects Alan Nicholson

A brand new office building with interesting architectural and interior design features in the North of England

River of Light Three Rivers Housing Association Office Development, Durham, United Kingdom

This office lighting solution is flexible, economical and can adapt itself to fluctuations of the daylight level 2 1 The office building was designed in two halves: a large openplan office with a curved, sloping roof and a section on two levels containing a number of cell offices. 2 Three rows of TPS 672 luminaires were suspended at 3m, 5.5m and 7.5m from the floor to achieve uniform illumination. 3 Recessed downlights were used to illuminate the ancillary areas. 4 A south-facing rooflight allows natural light to wash over the

ilr 011 offices/projects

The Lighting

This new purpose-built office development houses the head office of the Housing Association in the North East of England. Taking its name from the three major rivers in the area, the Tyne, the Tees and the Wear, around 100-150 employees work from this building. The office building has been designed with two distinct parts. One half is a large open plan office with a curved roof, sloping from a height of 8m down to 3m at the lowest point. The other half of the building has been constructed in two levels where there are a number of smaller cell offices.

The lighting solution for this new office building had to be energy efficient and also complement the modern design of the building. The cascading ceiling posed a particular design problem for the lighting of the open plan office area because of the need to ensure a uniform lighting level, coupled with the requirement that the luminaires should be suspended at equal distances from the ceiling. Three rows of TPS 672 luminaires were suspended at 3m, 5.5m and 7.5m above the floor. These luminaires allow different types of TL5 lamps to be fitted. At the lower level one 35 W lamp was employed in each luminaire and at the higher levels one of 49 W. This ensured a uniform lighting level in the office and made sure that it was possible to employ visually identical luminaires. A further feature of the sloping ceiling is a highlevel south facing roof-light, allowing natural light to wash over the ceiling down into the open plan office. Because of the varying levels of daylight entering the building via the roof-light and windows, the lighting system had to be able to respond to this. When the daylight level is low, the use of lighting controls allows the artificial lighting to emulate its effect. Because of the high input of natural light, regulating gear and LRL1220

Luxsense detectors were used in selected luminaires. Recessed luminaires, TBS133, were installed in the smaller cell offices and controlled by the Occuswitch, LRM1050, enabling the user to control the lighting level according to the amount of daylight entering the room. This system also provides automatic presence detection and auto switch off when staff leave the office. Ancillary areas were fitted with Europa 2 recessed downlights using two 18 W compact fluorescent PL-C lamps. ■

Architect: Chris Perkin, Ryder Co., Newcastle-uponTyne Consultant Lighting Engineer: Brian Watts, WSP Consulting, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Lighting Design: Alan Nicholson, Philips Lighting, UK. Electrical Contractor: NG Bailey

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h.3rivers 22-23

25-07-2001

12:09

Pagina 22

Projects Alan Nicholson

A brand new office building with interesting architectural and interior design features in the North of England

River of Light Three Rivers Housing Association Office Development, Durham, United Kingdom

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The Lighting

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i.daylight 24-27

25-07-2001

12:12

Pagina 24

Concepts

The Daylight Challenge Laurens Zonneveldt and Ellie de Groot

The natural way of illuminating spaces is to make use of daylight. The unique feature of daylight is that it is not just light but also a vital source of environmental information

Daylight is associated with a view, it tells us about the time of day and the weather, and its variations in intensity and colour are stimulating. At the same time, this dynamic character of daylight forms a challenging opportunity for designers. Daylight in work environments Daylight is highly appreciated in working environments. It does not necessarily have to be the primary light source. The intention is to let people enjoy the benefits of natural daylight. But daylight does have its drawbacks. Direct sunlight, bright clouds and reflective buildings can cause glare and serious discomfort. The interior should therefore be shielded from direct sunlight, which can often be diffused or deflected so that only diffuse daylight can enter. Secondly, the luminance ratios in the field of vision must be within certain limits. Too large, and it will be difficult for our eyes to adapt; too small, and there will be difficulties in estimating depths and distances. Thirdly, reflections in VDUs should be avoided. The brightness of the monitor screen determines the maximum acceptable brightness of the surroundings, although modern screens are more tolerant in this respect, and do permit higher daylight levels. Daylight solutions A good daylight solution generally calls for more than a simple daylight opening in the façade. Depending on climate, building orientation and environment, additional elements may be needed. These additional elements or adaptations of the daylight opening are generally referred to as daylight systems. Their purpose is to avoid glare, and often to improve the distribution of daylight in the room in order to avoid large differences in illuminance. For example, daylight systems can be used to throw more light on the ceiling, making it brighter and appear higher. This is particularly important where there is a need to counter the creation of a dark ceiling produced by the highly-shielded luminaires which are employed in conjunction with VDU work stations. Daylight systems range from simple static elements (such as overhangs) to adaptable dynamic elements (such as blinds, but also adaptable glazing), and combinations of these. Good solutions start from exploring the simple elements first and then adding dynamic elements only where needed (see figures 1-3).

Most daylight systems will reduce the average level of daylight in the room, so a combination of too many systems may lead to a larger opening in the façade than is acceptable from the thermal point of view.

1 Window without protection: direct sunlight creates too much contrast.

Daylight opening The most important aspect of the daylight opening is its size and location. In the fashionable transparent buildings of today, many lighting problems are caused by the glazed areas being too large. Without proper shading there will be large bright surfaces and back-lighting, and employees will be inclined to keep the window blinds permanently closed, with the result that the transparent building has become completely opaque. (To avoid surfaces and back-lighting being too bright we advise limiting the luminance of the desk and window to a maximum of 200 cd/m2 and 2000 cd/ m2, respectively).Large windows also cause a thermal problem, which is often solved by using heat-reflecting glazing or foils. These foils form another visual problem, because they change the colour of the daylight slightly, creating the impression that the world outside is dull and sombre. The position of the opening in the façade is also important. Many good solutions make use of a window split into two parts: the upper part is used to bring light farther into the room, while the lower part provides a view of the outer world (see figures 4-7). This type of daylight entry can be integrated very nicely with artificial lighting that is also split into a direct and an indirect component. Dark-coloured elements in the façade, such as dark window frames or shades, should be avoided. This is because contrasts in the facade create ‘visual noise’, whereby the eyes have to continually adapt. This is both tiresome and an unnecessary reason to close the blinds. In general window design practice it is best to have about half the required daylight illumination in the worst-case situation (viz. overcast conditions). This gives acceptable window dimensions and avoids many problems due to over-lit situations.

2 Window with overhang: sufficient result with high sun positions but still too much contrast at lower sun positions. 3 Window with overhang and horizontal sun blinds: good protection against direct sunlight. With correct lamellae positioning a split of daylight into downward and upward components is obtained. The upward component is brought into the room, via reflection on the ceiling, at a greater distance from the window.

Adaptations to the construction The positioning and design of the fixed elements of daylight systems such as overhangs and light shelves are based on the solar track across the sky. Orientation and obstructions of the façade are important parameters. These elements can be interior or exterior, for example light shelves; however, most of these systems were originally developed for sunny 3

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Concepts

The Daylight Challenge Laurens Zonneveldt and Ellie de Groot

The natural way of illuminating spaces is to make use of daylight. The unique feature of daylight is that it is not just light but also a vital source of environmental information

1 Window without protection: direct sunlight creates too much contrast.

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cd/m2

cd/m2 4-7 Luminance measurement plots (with scale at right) and corresponding photographs.

Mediterranean or sub-tropical regions and therefore not particularly useful in duller, more northern climates. Additional elements The additional elements comprising the daylight system are indoor or outdoor solar blinds. In most projects, solar blinds are used to help control the indoor temperature. But since they also have an effect on the lighting, we prefer to refer to these elements as glare protection. In office environments, the blinds are mostly either horizontal or vertical. It is preferable to use light, diffusive materials. Dark materials will negatively affect the luminosity ratio of the façade and reflecting materials will throw bright spots onto walls and ceiling. The individual strips making up the blinds should be narrow, for the wider the strips, the larger the undesirable light-dark patterns. Slim, light-coloured, horizontal blinds offer the best control of brightness and light distribution.

Control of daylight and electric lighting Glare protection It is important that each individual employee should be able to close or open the blinds to suit his or her preference. But no two people are the same, and they do not perform the same task all day long. So theoretically blinds should be as versatile as possible. In practice, however, it is usually only on entering the room that decisions regarding the lighting will be made: electric light on or off, blinds up or down, closed or open. Once seated, only very bad lighting situations will make the occupants get up to change the settings.

cd/m2

4 Window with large opening without a daylight system causes problems, especially when the sun is shining (L desk >> 200 cd/m2 and L window >> 2000 cd/m2 )

cd/m2

6 Screening only the high sky is no longer sufficient when direct sunlight enters the room (L desk > 200 cd/m2 and L window >>2000 cd/m2 )

Daylight control of electric lighting By day, it is the combination of daylight and electric lighting that determines the visual comfort in a work environment. And whereas glare protection can control the ingress of daylight, total control over our environment means controlling the electric lighting as well. Indeed, electric lighting was invented as a supplement to daylight, and this is still the best way to handle it. However, when designing the former, the aim should be to do more than simply look for a solution that that will complement the daylight. Good integration between the two will make it possible to gradually dim the amount of electric light if there is enough daylight. Recently, systems for daylight controlled electric lighting have been improved considerably and will be of great use in addressing the daylight challenge described above. ■ 7

Authors: Laurens Zonneveldt, MSc and Dr Ir Ellie H De Groot are researchers in the Buildings and Systems Division at TNO Building Research, Netherlands.

ilr 011 offices/concepts

5 Screening the high sky is sufficient as long as direct sunlight does not enter the room (L desk < 200 cd/m2 and L window < 2000 cd/m2 )

7 Screening the lower part of the sky is also required when direct sunlight enters the room. Nevertheless a direct outside view is still possible (L desk < 200 cd/m2 and L window < 2000 cd/m2 ).

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cd/m2

cd/m2 4-7 Luminance measurement plots (with scale at right) and corresponding photographs.

cd/m2

4 Window with large opening without a daylight system causes problems, especially when the sun is shining (L desk >> 200 cd/m2 and L window >> 2000 cd/m2 )

cd/m2

6 Screening only the high sky is no longer sufficient when direct sunlight enters the room (L desk > 200 cd/m2 and L window >>2000 cd/m2 )

Authors: Laurens Zonneveldt, MSc and Dr Ir Ellie H De Groot are researchers in the Buildings and Systems Division at TNO Building Research, Netherlands.

ilr 011 offices/concepts

5 Screening the high sky is sufficient as long as direct sunlight does not enter the room (L desk < 200 cd/m2 and L window < 2000 cd/m2 )

7 Screening the lower part of the sky is also required when direct sunlight enters the room. Nevertheless a direct outside view is still possible (L desk < 200 cd/m2 and L window < 2000 cd/m2 ).

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Pagina 28

Projects Laurens Zonneveldt

Atelier Kim Zwarts

j.justice 28-33

A building for the public with a design that is truly perspicuous 1

In Broad Daylight Palace of Justice, ’s Hertogenbosch, Netherlands

Natural and artificial light are used in all areas of the building in a unique way

The Lighting

The Palace of Justice in s'Hertogenbosch, built in 1997, has an unusual appearance. This is a result of the design of the Belgian architect Charles Vandenhove. The building has been constructed in four sections around a central courtyard. There are two main sections, a public area with courtrooms, and an office block for administration. Administrative areas are located in a block of brick-built sections, which dominate the surroundings by their height and their approx. 100m length. The public spaces in the building adjoin a spacious central courtyard. The architecture is such that the lighting design has combined the use of natural light and artificial light in a unique way. Decorating the complex are many woven tapestries illustrating themes related to the activities in the building.

Atelier Kim Zwarts

Public Area Entering the public area we find ourselves in the central hall. This is directly connected to the courtrooms, which are situated on two levels. Primarily this space is lit with daylight. To prevent glare from the large façade, the exterior is equipped with horizontal metal slats. In this way most daylight comes from above, which gives the space a natural ambience. Additional lighting is supplied by transparent suspended luminaires. On lower parts of the ceiling where fluorescent lighting is applied, the ‘TL’5 luminaires are perfectly integrated in the concrete construction. Daylight responsive lighting controls are installed in the luminaires where necessary.

1,2 Constructed in four sections, surrounding a central courtyard, there are public spaces, courtrooms and offices in the building. 3 The central hall is primarily lit with daylight, giving the

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Projects Laurens Zonneveldt

Atelier Kim Zwarts

j.justice 28-33

A building for the public with a design that is truly perspicuous 1

In Broad Daylight Palace of Justice, ’s Hertogenbosch, Netherlands

Natural and artificial light are used in all areas of the building in a unique way

The Lighting

Atelier Kim Zwarts

1,2 Constructed in four sections, surrounding a central courtyard, there are public spaces, courtrooms and offices in the building. 3 The central hall is primarily lit with daylight, giving the

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Pagina 30

4 Daylight is used in the courtrooms. Curved sheds in the ceiling direct natural light onto the judges’ desk. If needed the day light is supplemented with luminaires using

5 Most of the 600 rooms in the office block are cell offices. Windows are large, supplying adequate

daylight to the rooms. 6 Artificial lighting in the offices can be controlled by the individual user and set within a range from 25 to 800 lux. Each

The courtrooms The courtrooms situated on the first level have an ingenious daylight system, which is not noticed immediately by a visitor. Daylight enters the room through curved sheds in the roof. This design directs the daylight to illuminate the judges’ desk, and very delicate glare protection has been applied to prevent any visual discomfort for the people looking in this direction. Again the artificial lighting is integrated into the fabric of the building, provided by specially designed conical luminaires to fit in with the concrete ceiling panels, using fluorescent lamps. The office blocks There are about 600 rooms in this section of the Palace of Justice. Most of these are cell offices and a smaller number are hives. In the corridors connecting the offices downlighters are used with energy saving compact fluorescent lamps. Walking through this area, the visitor is pleasantly surprised by daylit rooms. The windows are well designed, being large and

high enough to supply adequate daylight to the room. Light coloured window frames and adjacent surfaces ensure that the luminance ratios are reduced. Recent scientific research has shown that people need higher lighting levels to perform their visual tasks than previously thought. Artificial lighting in these offices has been designed in accordance with this knowledge, and is provided by recessed luminaires. Users can set the lighting level within the range from 25 lux right up to 800 lux with a default level being set at 500 lux. The intention was to give the individual user maximum control over the lighting and the climate in the room, to achieve optimum comfort and at the same time ensure the lowest possible energy use. This is achieved with an advanced HELIO lighting management system and the exterior sun-screening system used with the extremely flexible LonWorks platform – a standard widely used to build automatic control applications. The building was specially selected to install this system because it has very good daylight utilization. This is a prerequisite for

achieving substantial energy savings. The lighting system is controlled through a manual infrared remote system, and automatic daylight and occupancy sensors. Lighting of the office rooms is achieved utilizing as much daylight as possible. The amount of daylight entering the room is controlled by two systems. Light screens on the exterior façade act as the first system. These screens are controlled for each façade on the basis of the measured illuminance on that façade and they are very effectively integrated in the façade. The users are able to override the action of the automated control and may lower or raise the screens in front of their window as they like. The second system consists of horizontal Venetian blinds mounted on the interior of the window. These manually controlled blinds may be used as glare protection and for redirecting sunlight and daylight towards the ceiling. The slats of the blinds are narrow and are light in colour. Therefore it is possible for the user to still have a view through the window when they are in use.

When the lighting is in use, the ceiling mounted ‘TL’5 luminaires provide 500 lux on the work surface. This is the mandatory illuminance level according to Dutch building codes. Through the use of High-Output 49 W lamps the installation is capable of providing more than 800 lux. Daylight responsive control maintains the lighting at the level selected by the user. This is a feature that is known to make considerable energy savings, possibly 40-60%, during the time the electric lighting is in use. When the user leaves the room for more than 15 minutes and forgets to turn off the light, the lighting is switched off automatically. Upon return the lighting has to be switched on again by the user. Offices on the top floor are directly under the curved roofs and these rooms have interesting bowed windows demonstrating again how daylight can be used to provide sufficient, good lighting in the office space.

User support Special training sessions were organised for employees to increase their awareness of the potential comfort and energy savings aspects offered by the new system. The emphasis was put on the manual and automatic control facilities and also the user-friendly nature of the lighting management and sun-screening systems. ■

7 Corridors connecting the offices are lit by downlighters using energy saving compact fluorescent lamps PL 26W. 8 Light screens on the exterior of the building provide the first sunscreening system. 9 A HELIO light management system is employed in conjunction with the external sun-screens

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7 ilr 011 offices/projects

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4 Daylight is used in the courtrooms. Curved sheds in the ceiling direct natural light onto the judges’ desk. If needed the day light is supplemented with luminaires using

5 Most of the 600 rooms in the office block are cell offices. Windows are large, supplying adequate

daylight to the rooms. 6 Artificial lighting in the offices can be controlled by the individual user and set within a range from 25 to 800 lux. Each

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7 ilr 011 offices/projects

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Pagina 32

Chris Holder, ECS Philips Lighting Controls

Lighting controls Use of lighting controls has many advantages compared with conventional wiring.

The benefits of using lighting controls are undeniable. However, factors that are important to one user may be insignificant to another. So the first step must be to assess the various benefits. Architects: Charles Vandenhove and Prudent De Wispelaere Tenant and commissioning agent: Government Buildings Agency, Southern Directorate, Eindhoven. Project management: P Hoppenbrouwers, GBA, The Hague Lighting: - design: Charles Vandenhove in cooperation with Government Buildings Agency - Consultancy: Becks, Vught, in cooperation with Rogier van Dis and Frans van den Broek, Philips Lighting The Netherlands - Installation: Frans Bosman Elektrotechniek, Soest

The benefits Installation savings Labour is the largest cost. Often it is cheaper to use a lighting control system than conventional wiring. Lighting is software controlled, so alterations to the switching arrangement by the architect or client do not result in a re-installation of the lighting installation.

Energy savings Lighting controls can contribute significantly to energy savings, often producing savings of over thirty per cent. This is achieved by simply switching lights off or dimming them to a lower output when appropriate. Comfort Lighting controls create visual comfort by giving control to the office workers themselves. Work performance is improved by using appropriate lighting scenes, for example, for reading, writing, working at a VDU, conferencing and so on. Flexibility Advanced systems employ computer controlled distributed intelligence. If changes in office layout are necessary, the switching regime can be reconfigured using a PC rather than rewiring the ceiling. Building management Building managers can configure automatic control of the lights to suit working patterns. Standard days, weekends and holiday periods can be set up and managed differently. Interoperability Systems based around the Echelon’s LonWorks™ open system technology allow a number of different building systems to communicate with each other on high level of integration. For example, occupancy sensors to control both lighting and HVAC, to set activation and stand-by levels. Building regulations In many countries, governmental Building Regulations are tailored to promote energy efficiency. The use of a control system often enables the user to meet these statutory requirements. Maintenance costs Sophisticated systems offer automatic monitoring of hours of run-time. This enables lighting costs and lamp replacement schedules to be calculated.

8 Author: Laurens Zonneveldt, MsC, is working in the Division Building and Systems of TNO Building and Construction Research in Eindhoven The Government Buildings Agency and the Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment commissioned a research project into the acceptance and cost-effectiveness of a number of energy saving schemes. This research was completed by a collaboration of the TNO (research institute for environment, energy and process innovation), the Technical University of Eindhoven Building and Construction Research Centre, and the University of Maastricht. The project dealt with various issues, including lighting, and also the response of the users of the systems in 9 the Palace of Justice.

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Service and maintenance The best system at peak efficiency is one that works without the user being aware of it. A policy can be established for automatically maintaining the system, and consideration should be given to maintenance contracts. Safety and security Lighting-control systems can provide centralized emergency lighting linked to fire alarm systems to switch luminaires automatically. With occupancy sensors becomes a tool to reduce vandalism and theft.

www.ecs-lightingcontrols.philips.com

Lighting is highly flexible, software controlled and visualised on the VDU

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Chris Holder, ECS Philips Lighting Controls

Lighting controls Use of lighting controls has many advantages compared with conventional wiring.

ilr 011 offices/projects

www.ecs-lightingcontrols.philips.com

Lighting is highly flexible, software controlled and visualised on the VDU

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k.health 34-35

25-07-2001

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Pagina 34

Trends

Light and Health

Cortisol

Gerrit van den Beld

Melatonin

Alertness

Bodytemp.

Most people now work mainly indoors, often in offices. And in all cases the lighting is still based upon the requirement that whatever the time of day or night, the tasks should be carried out efficiently, safely and with a certain degree of visual comfort. We believe that it is time to take health effects into account

The species Homo sapiens appeared on earth around 250 000 years ago and evolved under the daily 24-hour light-dark cycle. Life was dominated by a natural wake/sleep rhythm: active, mostly outside during the day, and resting during the night. During the last couple of centuries this natural pattern changed rapidly, initially due to the industrial revolution, and then to the subsequent technological inventions, including electric light, and the move towards the global, 24-hour society. The biological clock Over the past few decades medical science and research has discovered that almost all human physiological and psychological processes exhibit rhythms that are linked to the natural daily (circadian) and seasonal (annual) cycles of light and dark. Earth rotation blueprinted the 24-hour rhythm as a feature of all life on earth. In humans the brain contains the internal biological clock, which is synchronised daily to the outside clock through the medium of ocular light (light passing through the eye). Ocular light stimuli from the retina result in signals being sent to the various glands controlling the rhythmic secretion of melatonin, the sleep hormone, and cortisol, the stress hormone (figures 1 and 2). In this way, day/night light patterns control many rhythmic body processes such as the sleep/wake cycle, alertness, performance, body temperature, heart rate, mood, fatigue, and so on. (See also ILR 981, page 26 article: ‘not only for your eyes’). And yet, in the present lighting recommendations and standards covering office work, only the requirements for the visual aspects of the task are considered. Clearly, our lighting needs go far beyond this if our well being and health are not to suffer. The question is, how serious are the consequences of working and living more and more indoors and at more ‘unnatural’ times with much less light than is present outdoors, and how can ‘healthy’ light compensate for this? Consider a daytime office worker. Any light deficiency might result in the de-synchronisation of the biological clock. The result is that the body and

mind prefer to rest, but in reality they need to remain active. This feels like ‘jet-lag’ and lowers performance, alertness, sleep quality and in the longer term, well being and health. Conversely, sufficient light received during the natural light period (daytime) synchronises the bio-clock and provides the direct stimuli needed to function and feel well and healthy. Research projects show that intense light during the day has a positive effect on amongst other things alertness, performance, vitality, energy level and mood. This is more evident in cases researched in the ‘dark’ season, where there is less light and short days. Some three per cent of the population suffers from winter depression (Seasonal Affective Disorder or SAD), and the so-called winter blues is quite common. Intensive bright light through the eye mitigates these feelings and is even the first line of treatment for SAD. Healthy light It is evident that light is needed to optimise the working of the biological clock, with all the benefits that accrue from this. It is a basic need, as is a healthy diet and good-quality air and water, and one we know little about. But what exactly is healthy light? Research into people’s preferences regarding lighting in offices reveals a number of interesting facts. Firstly, although we are used to enormous variations in the level and duration of daylight, office lighting practice would seem to ignore this. For example, variations range from over 100 000 lux on a sunny day to a few thousand lux on a dark, overcast winter day, and for periods of only a couple of hours up to more than 20 hours daily. Actual levels are on average 800 lux higher than that of the incoming daylight, resulting in an overall level in the order of 1500-2500 lux - about the level of daylight encountered on a dark day outdoors. Secondly, just as the spectral composition of daylight shows large variations, so do people prefer variations in the colour temperature of the artificial light: the higher the overall lighting level, the higher its colour temperature. Thirdly, daylight is dynamic, and it seems that people prefer to be kept aware of this in that they want contact with

the world outside. And finally, it has been shown that there is a wide spread in sensitivity, personal preference and lighting needs according to the age of those questioned. As far as seeing is concerned, our eyes can cope with an extremely wide range of lighting levels: from 0.1 lux to more than 100 000 lux (figure 3). The receptors for the biological system are not known, but there are indications that the green/blue part of the light spectrum is more effective in achieving the biological effects. This fits in with the fact that it is the morning light, which in nature has a higher colour temperature, that synchronises the daily setting of the internal biological clock with the outside world. Healthy work lighting Combining medical research, the natural daily cycle and people’s preference, leads to the hypothesis that healthy lighting for daytime indoor activity can be achieved with lighting levels in the order of 2000 lux for certain periods of the working day. This should preferably be a combination of daylight and electric light having a relatively high colour temperature (cool appearance) and a limited degree of movement, the electric light alone serving to take over when natural daylight fails in the winter. Although there is convincing evidence from research, such lighting recipes need to be tested on a larger scale to determine their effectiveness and sustainability. ■

1 Rhythms in human beings on a 2x24-hour scale. 2 Visual (red) and photobiological (blue) pathways between the eye and the brain.

3 Lighting levels under outdoor daylight and under artificial light.

DAYLIGHT LEVELS >100 000

1000 LUX

100.0 10.00 1.000 100 10 Healt Wor hy k-

3000 ELECTRIC LIGHT

Author: Gerrit van den Beld works in Advanced Lighting Concepts, Philips Lighting Eindhoven.

Hom e

Outdoo

1 LUX MOON LIGHT

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k.health 34-35

25-07-2001

12:58

Pagina 34

Trends

Light and Health

Cortisol

Gerrit van den Beld

Melatonin

Alertness

Bodytemp.

1 Rhythms in human beings on a 2x24-hour scale. 2 Visual (red) and photobiological (blue) pathways between the eye and the brain.

3 Lighting levels under outdoor daylight and under artificial light.

DAYLIGHT LEVELS >100 000

1000 LUX

100.0 10.00 1.000 100 10 Healt Wor hy k-

3000 ELECTRIC LIGHT

Author: Gerrit van den Beld works in Advanced Lighting Concepts, Philips Lighting Eindhoven.

Hom e

Outdoo

1 LUX MOON LIGHT

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l.hogaard 36-39

25-07-2001

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Pagina 36

Projects The new domicile of Højgaard & Schultz represents their expertise in modern building construction and architecture, and their style and image

Photos Philips

Morten Reimann

Light Construction

Højgaard & Schultz, one of Denmark’s largest building contractors, have structured the interior of their new head office building in accordance with the New Office Concept of Cell, Club, Hive, Lobby, Meet (see the article on page 44). A flexible working environment has been created, relating to the different office functions and activities. Office spaces are characterised by openness and visibility. To ease communication and the transfer of information, there are no barriers between the individual workstations, and there are few single offices. The interior landscape is equipped with informal meeting places , conference rooms and island meeting tables for easy conversation and discussion. The impressive atrium comprises a library, restaurant, café, travel agency, visitors’ pavilion and a Japanese inspired garden, creating a calm and relaxed ambience.

The Lighting The lighting solution was based on Philips’ recently developed office lighting concept, which corresponds directly to the New Office concept. Key qualities of this lighting model, such as promoting visual activity, ambience and comfort were realised by utilising a variety of luminaires and light sources. The lighting did become a part of the architecture, creating

4 2

A specific lighting model, devised for the New Office concept, has been applied, creating comfort, ambience and promoting visual activity

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3 1 Great openness and visibility characterise the building. Large glass windows create a daylight link to the outside world.

pavilion and a Japanese inspired garden. 4 The building covers a total of 12 700 m2 . There are many open

2, 3 The communal area includes a library, restaurant, visitors’

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l.hogaard 36-39

25-07-2001

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Pagina 36

Projects The new domicile of Højgaard & Schultz represents their expertise in modern building construction and architecture, and their style and image

Photos Philips

Morten Reimann

Light Construction

4 2

A specific lighting model, devised for the New Office concept, has been applied, creating comfort, ambience and promoting visual activity

ilr 011 offices/projects

3 1 Great openness and visibility characterise the building. Large glass windows create a daylight link to the outside world.

pavilion and a Japanese inspired garden. 4 The building covers a total of 12 700 m2 . There are many open

2, 3 The communal area includes a library, restaurant, visitors’

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Pagina 38

variation in the illumination and ensuring that the lighting in delimited areas was regulated separately, in accordance with the overall control. The general office lighting is provided by elegant, recessed luminaires, TBS 630, each housing three 14 W TL5 Fluorescent lamps. These luminaires were supplied with special low luminance optics, D7-60, developed for the TL5 fluorescent lamps to minimise direct and indirect glare. To avoid all office areas looking similar, lighting was supplemented with white, wide-beam halogen downlights, QBD 5640, using 45 W Masterline ES lamps. These were mainly used for illuminating artwork, but also used as ceiling lighting in a few places. Passage areas in the open plan offices are visually emphasised by the luminaires. Downlights with 18 W PL-C lamps have been selected throughout the remaining areas of the building. These luminaires, Point 373 20/15, are fitted with an opal glass plate that yields a fine light, drawing in the ceiling and softening the light. Cell offices only make up a small area on each

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floor. Here each employee has the choice of which luminaire he wishes to use, making it possible to adjust the lighting according to the task. The lux levels in the office areas are approximately 500 lux on the working plane (0.85m above the floor). In meeting rooms the level is 200 lux on the working plane and the corridors are 150 lux at the floor. Dimmable halogen downlights were installed in conference rooms, the lighting is adjustable according to the situation, thereby increasing the choice of presentation possibilities. The creation of atmosphere in the high-ceilinged atrium has played an important part, here there is no general lighting, the lighting level being dependent upon the amount of daylight. The large glass windows draw in the landscape outside, forming a natural connection between the inside and outside space. In most other places the light setting has been conducted according to functionality, to be fitting to various moods. Point lighting of different kinds has been selected for each area to

promote intimacy in the various spaces. There is no high-seated lighting at all. The system for lighting controls for office areas, service areas and basement was based on Philips Helio lighting control products. Throughout the building the lighting can be controlled to create a general atmosphere and can be regulated independently in each separate area. For example, it is no problem to hold a concentrated project meeting in the restaurant at the same time as having a business dinner meeting or a company presentation in the café. The lighting design is completely based on the specific office activities and locations. ■

Builder and investor: Nykredit Bank A/S, Copenhagen Builder and tenant: Højgaard & Schultz A/S, Copenhagen Commissioner: Højgaard & Schultz A/S, Copenhagen Architect: Dissing + Weitling, Copenhagen Lighting design: Morten Reimann and Freddy Degn, Philips Lighting A/S, Copenhagen Denmark and Martin Danmark A/S, Århus Installation: Højgaard & Schultz A/S, Copenhagen

5, 7 Corridors are illuminated to 150 lux at floor level. 6 Passage areas in the open plan offices are visually emphasised by

the luminaires. 8 Illuminance levels in the offices are 500 lux on the working plane.

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5, 7 Corridors are illuminated to 150 lux at floor level. 6 Passage areas in the open plan offices are visually emphasised by

the luminaires. 8 Illuminance levels in the offices are 500 lux on the working plane.

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Design

X-tend

a b

c 4

Versatile luminaire The elegant TPS 498 suspended wing luminaire can be employed to provide either direct lighting only, or direct and indirect lighting simultaneously. With the optional feature of a top-mirror, the lighting can be directed downwards with even greater efficiency. Here, the choice is between either symmetrical or asymmetrical direct lighting. Jos Stuyfzand: ‘In some cases, perhaps where the ceiling is too high for the luminaires to be surface mounted, or for aesthetic reasons, it is preferable to opt for suspended mounting. The luminaires then become architectural elements of the working environment. This is where the optional indirect - or uplighting - facility really comes into its own.’

to appear on the market with the new optics, but others will follow. As far as its use in offices is concerned, the intention is to achieve an even light distribution with good illumination on the desktop, whilst keeping the number of luminaires needed to a minimum.’ New generation TL optics - compatible with both the ‘TL’D and the ‘TL’5 tubular fluorescent lamps - provide the delta-shaped beam needed for uniform light distribution and also ensure a very high light output ratio. Both flat and 3-D lamellae are available. The flat lamellae have been much improved by making them curved to restrict the view of the lamp even further. The omni-directional lighting control (OLC) provided by the 3-D lamellae is particularly effective where the very highest degree of glare control is required, typically in VDU-screen based office environments. 2

Other features The X-tend series of high-performance luminaires are available with highfrequency electronic or conventional control gear. The series can also be incorporated and used in an emergency lighting system and also used with Luxsense for automatic energy-saving dimming when there is sufficient daylight. ■

Ergonomic housing Much thought went into the design of the housing. Creating an ideal housing that would be equally suitable for either surface or suspended mounting was investigated, but this was found to be inappropriate as both surface mounted and suspended luminaires have their own specific visual design and ergonomic requirements. Jos Stuyfzand of Philips Design: ‘The design requirements are completely different. With surface mounting, you are dealing with a functional ‘light box’ that should offer maximum flexibility, ease of installation and unobtrusive visual appearance. With a suspended luminaire, we strived for visual reduction of the physical volume to an almost floating and shallow element to enhance the openness of the office environment. After considering the visual appearance, the focus was then to avoid compromising on light comfort - direct and indirect lighting effects included.’ Easy installation The TCS 398 for surface mounting has been specially designed to make installation as quick and as easy as possible. Instead of having to take the luminaire apart to get at the mounting points, the installer simply removes the end caps to reveal two mounting holes. The main body of the luminaire with its lamps and optics in situ remains sealed off, so no dust from drilling can enter the interior.

Olav Scholte

A new series of stylish, easy-to-install luminaires designed for use in office areas. Incorporating the very latest in optical systems for optimum visual performance at the desktop, these luminaires are extremely efficient in use and easy to maintain

Today, luminaires designed for office lighting must combine an elegant visual appearance with economical use. Their light distribution must be effective enough to keep the number of luminaires needed in a given area to the absolute minimum. They must promote the visual comfort of individual office workers, which means providing good, even and glarefree illumination on the desktops, however the work area is arranged. But efficiency of the lighting is not enough, it must also be quick and easy to install, and simple to maintain, thereby ensuring low installation costs. The X-tend series of luminaires Olav Scholte, Product Manager responsible for the series: ‘The luminaires in the X-tend series from Philips Lighting satisfy all the above requirements. There are three basic models to choose from, all of which incorporate the very latest developments in luminaire optics to ensure the

Olav Scholte and Jos Stuyfzand, of Philips Lighting, Winterswijk and of Philips Design, Eindhoven, respectively, are both members of the X-tend luminaires development team.

ilr 011 offices/design

maximum possible efficiency in use. There is an elongated model, the TCS 398 standard, for either one or two ‘TL’D or ‘TL’5 tubular fluorescents, that can be mounted on the ceiling or suspended from it. There are two square models, the TCS 398 square and the FCS 398 for either three or four ‘TL’D or ‘TL’5 lamps or two PL-L lamps, respectively, for surface mounting. And there is a second elongated model, the TPS 498, the most sophisticated in the range, again for one or two ‘TL’D or ‘TL’5 lamps, designed purely for suspended use.’ New optical systems for office lighting The new optical systems incorporated in the X-tend series of luminaires were in fact designed quite separately from the housings. Olav Scholte: ‘The aim was to develop a superior optical system that could be employed in various ranges of luminaires. The X-tend series of luminaires is the first

Jos Stuyfzand

Examples of optics in the range Direct optics C6, D6, M6

g light beam

material: C6 high gloss reflector, 3-dimensional D6 semi-high gloss reflector cross louvre M6 matt reflector

q y g quantity estimation diagram

polar intensity 120

180

120

LOR

Direct/indirect M6 optics

400 30

TLD 0,70

C6, D6,

γ 30

500 (cd/1000lm) 0 o 0-180

0 20

90-270

light beam

polar intensity o

180

150

100

140

180 (m )

quantity estimation diagram

nr. of luminaires

400 20

300 120

200 100

400

7.5

: UGR viewed endwise : UGR viewed crosswise

16 16

500 lx

Y : Parallel to viewing direction

5.0

300 lx

16 19

2.5 0 20

90-270

h room: 3.2 m Reflectances: 0.70 0.50 0.20 Suspend ed at h=2.10m

750 lx

200

(cd/1000lm) 0 o 0-180

UGR diagram 10.0

hroom: 2.8 m Reflectances: 0.70, 0.50, 0 .20 Maintenance factor: 1.0 Suspended at h=2.10m

30 90

100

300

hive, cell, and club

diagrams valid for X-tend TCS 398/128 D6

150

material: C6 high gloss reflector, 3-dimensional D6 semi high gloss reflector cross louvre M6 matt reflector applications: offices

500 lx

300 lx

hive, cell, and club

TL5 0,79

750 lx

200 300

applications: offices

hroom: 2.8 m Reflectances: 0.70, 0.50, 0 .20 Maintenance factor: 1.0 Ceiling mounted

100 60

1-3 Three luminaires in the X-tend series: suspended, square, and ceiling mounted.

nr. of luminaires

diagrams valid for X-tend TPS 498/128 dir/indir D6

100

140

180 (m )

2.5

5.0

7.5

10.0

4-6 Coupling piece for added flexibility. Flexible cable duct for angled lighting. Easy removable cover for direct/indirect lighting 7 Concave 3-D louvre High gloss C6 a Contoured sidescreen for diagonal light and uniformity b Closed top of the

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m.x-tend 40-41

25-07-2001

13:03

Pagina 40

Design

X-tend

a b

c 4

Olav Scholte

Olav Scholte and Jos Stuyfzand, of Philips Lighting, Winterswijk and of Philips Design, Eindhoven, respectively, are both members of the X-tend luminaires development team.

ilr 011 offices/design

Jos Stuyfzand

Examples of optics in the range Direct optics C6, D6, M6

g light beam

material: C6 high gloss reflector, 3-dimensional D6 semi-high gloss reflector cross louvre M6 matt reflector

q y g quantity estimation diagram

polar intensity 120

180

120

LOR

Direct/indirect M6 optics

400 30

TLD 0,70

C6, D6,

γ 30

500 (cd/1000lm) 0 o 0-180

0 20

90-270

light beam

polar intensity o

180

150

100

140

180 (m )

quantity estimation diagram

nr. of luminaires

400 20

300 120

200 100

400

7.5

: UGR viewed endwise : UGR viewed crosswise

16 16

500 lx

Y : Parallel to viewing direction

5.0

300 lx

16 19

2.5 0 20

90-270

h room: 3.2 m Reflectances: 0.70 0.50 0.20 Suspend ed at h=2.10m

750 lx

200

(cd/1000lm) 0 o 0-180

UGR diagram 10.0

hroom: 2.8 m Reflectances: 0.70, 0.50, 0 .20 Maintenance factor: 1.0 Suspended at h=2.10m

30 90

100

300

hive, cell, and club

diagrams valid for X-tend TCS 398/128 D6

150

material: C6 high gloss reflector, 3-dimensional D6 semi high gloss reflector cross louvre M6 matt reflector applications: offices

500 lx

300 lx

hive, cell, and club

TL5 0,79

750 lx

200 300

applications: offices

hroom: 2.8 m Reflectances: 0.70, 0.50, 0 .20 Maintenance factor: 1.0 Ceiling mounted

100 60

1-3 Three luminaires in the X-tend series: suspended, square, and ceiling mounted.

nr. of luminaires

diagrams valid for X-tend TPS 498/128 dir/indir D6

100

140

180 (m )

2.5

5.0

7.5

10.0

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n.rosbach 42-43

25-07-2001

13:06

Pagina 42

001041637006 001041637012

001041637001

001041637005

Projects

2 1, 4 The reception area on the ground floor. Artificial lighting is provided by X-tend luminaires, type TPS 498, from Philips Lighting, housing the TL5 49 W colour 830

5 exterior of the building with its series of hexagonal windows.

tubular fluorescent.

2 The distinctive black 3 Luminaires for the work-stations are suspended from the 2.7 m-high ceiling,

which is painted white immediately above the luminaires to help reflect the light downwards, the intervening space being covered by sound-absorbing

A firm of architects, with experience in unusual assignments, was put to the test when renovating their own new office accommodation

From bank to bureau Schwencke Rosbach Architects, Amsterdam

From the outset, the choice for the lighting was for suspended fluorescent luminaires providing a satisfying combination of direct and indirect illumination

ilr 011 offices/projects

The Lighting The initial intention was to have a combination of direct and indirect lighting provided by suspended luminaires. The uplighting creates an awareness of the illumination, and also increases the apparent height of the rather low ceiling. The lighting helps to create a sense of spaciousness in the various office areas. A conscious decision was taken not to employ work-station lighting, as the level of the general lighting was designed to be adaptable, providing well-illuminated work-stations that can easily be relocated within the office space, should the need arise. However, there are a number of lighting accents on the walls provided by Mini Mezzo spots. The suspended luminaire employed throughout for the general lighting is the TPS 498 model from the X-tend series. These are wide-beam units, particularly suitable for use in areas where reflections in computer monitors must be

avoided. They house the TL5 49 W colour 830 tubular fluorescent, whose strong white light in combination with the white and violet-tinted walls give the desired greyish colour effect. The lighting can be dimmed in sections using wall-mounted manual controls. ■

Architects: Schwencke Rosbach Architects, Amsterdam. Partner of ‘Equator European Architects’ Lighting design: Sandra Bos, - Project coordination Roeland van Bijnen - Philips Lighting , The Netherlands together with Schwencke Rosbach

3 001041637002

Christof Schwencke and Gerard Rosbach entered into partnership in 1988. Their first office was in the centre of Amsterdam, but in April this year they relocated to newly renovated premises in the Metropool building. Designed by Arthur Staal, the first two floors of the five-storey building previously housed a branch of the ABN AMRO bank. The property was divided into a multitude of small, lowceilinged offices, and as such, it presented the new occupants with something of a challenge when it came to creating the spacious interior they were looking for. Consequently, many of the walls have been removed to provide a topfloor, north-facing work studio, meeting areas, concentration areas, and secretarial areas. The main entrance is situated on the ground floor, with reception desk, a number of meeting rooms and cell offices.

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n.rosbach 42-43

25-07-2001

13:06

Pagina 42

001041637006 001041637012

001041637001

001041637005

Projects

2 1, 4 The reception area on the ground floor. Artificial lighting is provided by X-tend luminaires, type TPS 498, from Philips Lighting, housing the TL5 49 W colour 830

5 exterior of the building with its series of hexagonal windows.

tubular fluorescent.

2 The distinctive black 3 Luminaires for the work-stations are suspended from the 2.7 m-high ceiling,

which is painted white immediately above the luminaires to help reflect the light downwards, the intervening space being covered by sound-absorbing

A firm of architects, with experience in unusual assignments, was put to the test when renovating their own new office accommodation

From bank to bureau Schwencke Rosbach Architects, Amsterdam

From the outset, the choice for the lighting was for suspended fluorescent luminaires providing a satisfying combination of direct and indirect illumination

ilr 011 offices/projects

3 001041637002

ilr 011 offices/projects

o.lac 44-51

25-07-2001

13:09

Pagina 44

Concepts Brigitte Liem and Marius Wouters

The Philips Lighting Application Centre, the world’s largest purpose-designed lighting demonstration facility, can now present the very latest developments in office lighting

The new office world New office lighting application demonstration facility in Eindhoven, The Netherlands

The Philips Lighting Application Centre (LAC) in Eindhoven first opened its doors to visitors in 1991 (see ILR 1991/3). The main purpose of the office lighting demonstration was to show how different office environments could be created and to compare them in terms of energy consumption. This has proved a great success. But the office world is rapidly changing as a result of all kinds of influences. The Internet in particular has had an enormous impact on the way we do our work, and this has impacted on the organisational structure of businesses. Part-time jobs, teleworking, and flexible work, all have their influence on the interior design and the occupation of the workplaces. The specific office concept that will be realised in a particular organisation is largely dependent upon the type of organisation, the autonomy of the employee (working alone, or as part of a team), the autonomy of the department, and the importance and required impact of internal and external communication. And last but not least, the office workers themselves are looking for a pleasant environment in which to work. So the office is no longer merely a place where you are just present eight hours a day to perform your work. The office is becoming more and more a place where people meet, communicate, work together and make use of shared facilities. The new LAC office Philips Lighting developed a single office model that clearly classified all offices according to their function (see ILR1998/1). This model enables the lighting and lighting hardware to be defined in order to satisfy the requirements of the organisation in question. The five office functions defined in the model, Hive, Cell, Club, Meet and Lobby, provided the basis for the new design of the LAC office demonstration. Each of the five office functions is shown with dedicated lighting solutions ranging from standard to advanced.

ilr 011 offices/concepts

o.lac 44-51

25-07-2001

13:09

Pagina 44

Concepts Brigitte Liem and Marius Wouters

The Philips Lighting Application Centre, the world’s largest purpose-designed lighting demonstration facility, can now present the very latest developments in office lighting

The new office world New office lighting application demonstration facility in Eindhoven, The Netherlands

ilr 011 offices/concepts

1 Overview of the office lighting demonstration. Visitors are seated around the centrally placed meeting table where they are able to

Pagina 46

experience fully the different lighting solutions. 2 Meet: In meeting rooms, where important communication takes place, it is particularly

important to get the right lighting at the right moment. Architecture, interior design, furnishing and light all complement each other.

The five office functions based on the degree of autonomy of the employee and the importance and essence of communication are the basis of the new office demonstration.

Meet

Club Lobby Cell

Hive

–

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tion unica Comm

o.lac 44-51

–

omy Auton

Hive The Hive function is named after a beehive as it is an area full of activity. And, just like a beehive, individual work is being carried out, but all activities are part of a single process. Typical examples of Hive offices include open-plan administration offices, help desks and call centres.

Cell An office with a Cell function has a quiet, relaxing atmosphere, and accommodates employees who operate individually, carrying out work that requires a high degree of concentration. Examples of these offices include those of insurance

Club

Club offices combine activities that demand concentration and communication. Employees here often work on multi-disciplinary projects in project teams set apart from other office organisations, and usually come in the form of medium-sized open-plan offices with a set up that

The first major difference in the new office demonstration area involves the seating arrangements for visitors. In the past they were seated in a theatre-like environment some distance away from the lighting ‘stage’. Now they are able to sit inside the demonstration itself as if they were working in the office concerned. During the main part of the tour, the visitors are seated around the centrally placed meeting table, from where they have a good view over the whole office. From here the demonstrations are carried out in detail for the various office functions. A very large number of different lighting solutions are shown for the office activities. Visitors are shown how lighting can be used to provide effective functional lighting and also how lighting can help to provide a pleasant working environment. Different lighting levels, accents, contrasts, colour impression, colour rendering and even the use of coloured light are demonstrated, as are the lighting effects obtained using lighting control systems and the latest luminaires and lamps. The running costs of the many different lighting solutions are also considered. A dynamic show is offered in which the visitor is able to select his or her favourite lighting setting. A full day in the office can be experienced, from early morning until the time we go home. And throughout the demonstrations, it is shown how architecture, interior design, furnishings and light can complement each other to enhance the ambience.

Meet An area with a Meet function is intended for intensive communications. These areas are set up for employees who work together and where communication is essential. Meet is not limited to specific meeting rooms but includes all areas of important communication; conference halls, reception desks, video-conferencing rooms and the meeting table in a smaller office.

Lobby Offices which are classified under the Lobby function operate as the passageways connecting the various areas and departments in an office. They are used by all employees, but communications are usually superficial and relatively unconnected to work. These areas

Lighting specific office areas Meet The centrally placed meeting table forms the heart of this demonstration area in the LAC. Here the visitor is shown how different forms of communication require different lighting solutions. Diffuse lighting is used for group meetings, where the expression on the faces should be pleasantly visible. Light is focussed on the desk for meetings where concentration is the main issue. And a presentation situation where the 'audience' has to listen to one speaker (in this case the lighting level is very

ilr 011 offices/concepts

1 Overview of the office lighting demonstration. Visitors are seated around the centrally placed meeting table where they are able to

Pagina 46

experience fully the different lighting solutions. 2 Meet: In meeting rooms, where important communication takes place, it is particularly

important to get the right lighting at the right moment. Architecture, interior design, furnishing and light all complement each other.

The five office functions based on the degree of autonomy of the employee and the importance and essence of communication are the basis of the new office demonstration.

Meet

Club Lobby Cell

Hive

–

13:09

25-07-2001

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Club

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Pagina 48

4 In both the Cell and Hive areas, there are six different luminaires concealed above the ceiling in rotating drums to provide examples of the different lighting solutions. 5 Cell: Free, floor

standing and wall related up-lights make the room appear very spacious. 6 Cell: The more luxurious cell has a lighting system consisting of general lighting, suspended task lighting and also accent lighting, to create a stylish atmosphere, in keeping

with the office interior. 7 Cell: A traditional office lighting solution, applying luminaires with high brightness, resulting in a diffuse atmosphere. 8 Cell: Efficient lowbrightness luminaires with a delta-shaped

low, but just high enough to keep everyone awake!). There is also the informal meeting situation for birthdays and celebrations, in which coloured light provides an informal atmosphere. Cell In the LAC demonstration, there are two adjacent Cell offices. One is a standard Cell office, with only general lighting, while the other is a more luxurious manager’s office, with a split lighting system (viz. general lighting and also task and ambience lighting). Aspects such as flexibility, aesthetics and personal preference/control are demonstrated, and visitors are shown how the materials and colours employed in the décor also play an important role.

Hive Here, visitors are shown how uniform lighting is desirable so as to afford full flexibility in the placement and orientation of desks. They are also shown how low-brightness luminaires can be employed to avoid reflections in computer screens, and the effect of sun screening and indirect lighting in combination with daylight-linked control systems. Club It is possible to light a Club area with uniform general lighting, similar to that usually found in a Hive. However, to really underline the Club concept with its dedicated work stations, the lighting systems have been separated.

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4 In both the Cell and Hive areas, there are six different luminaires concealed above the ceiling in rotating drums to provide examples of the different lighting solutions. 5 Cell: Free, floor

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Pagina 50

9 9 Hive: Real windows show how daylight influences the appearance of the office during the day. Depending on the amount of daylight, artificial lighting is adapted to realise the optimum balance between natural daylight and artificial light. When there is

1 little or no natural light, artificial light is used to simulate the effect of the sun.

general lighting can be enhanced by additional free, floor standing, uplighting which can be switched on and off according to the preference of the individual.

10 Hive: The appearance of uniformly furnished office spaces with

11 Club: An example with general lighting only. Walls appear rather dark and the space seems small with a low ceiling. Although the lighting level on the

desks is according to the norms, this lighting solution does not do justice to the Club philosophy. 12 Lobby: The Lobby expresses the image of the company, therefore it makes the perfect place to use decorative lighting solutions.

The workstations and the space are illuminated. With architectural lighting in the form of coves, it is shown how a brighter, higher and bigger space can be created, with accents providing the correct visual ambience. Lobby The Lobby is a place which can be used to relax in. The lighting of this type of area can help to create a place where people feel comfortable. Using lighting control systems, different atmospheres can be created to suit the different times of the day. ■

13 Club: In the Club Concept and Lighting Design: Marius Wouters, Brigitte Liem, and Marike de Kruiff, LiDAC, Philips Lighting. Interior Design and Architecture: Ineenontwerp Interior design consultancy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Authors: Brigitte Liem and Marius Wouters are office lighting designers from the Indoor Lighting Design team of the Philips Lighting Design and Application Centre in Eindhoven.

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1 little or no natural light, artificial light is used to simulate the effect of the sun.

general lighting can be enhanced by additional free, floor standing, uplighting which can be switched on and off according to the preference of the individual.

10 Hive: The appearance of uniformly furnished office spaces with

11 Club: An example with general lighting only. Walls appear rather dark and the space seems small with a low ceiling. Although the lighting level on the

Authors: Brigitte Liem and Marius Wouters are office lighting designers from the Indoor Lighting Design team of the Philips Lighting Design and Application Centre in Eindhoven.

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13:17

Pagina 52

Photos PCM Interactieve Media

p.dia 52-53

Concepts

Communicative aims - To offer employees an inspiring, open, team-oriented work environment, with respect for the need for concentration. - To further the enthusiasm and self-confidence of the employees. - To reinforce job satisfaction. - To make the internal culture and corporate identity of the company tangible, and to stimulate this by means of an appropriate image. Organisational aims - To optimise the interior according to the work done. - To offer ultimate functionality at every workstation. - To offer suitable conditions and space for specific tasks such as work requiring concentration, communicating, telephoning and meetings. - To provide flexibility in ICT infrastructure, office furniture and layout. Cell offices fit where the employees have individual tasks to perform, but isolation is not good where teamwork is important. Extensive office landscapes are, however, not automatically to be preferred to a cell office as there are many tasks which require concentration. In new, or recently merged organisations, the physical layout of an office may even function as a driving force in stimulating a process of change. Then the conscious choice for an open office structure can support a new close organisational structure.’ ‘The solution lies in a division of the personal space versus communal space. Informal places for consultation with colleagues can be situated at refreshment points and near to printing and copying facilities. Working areas themselves will then be relieved of such activities. The old pattern of cell offices, with aisles did not lend themselves to a short informal chat or a planned meeting. Contemporary office designs offer more opportunity to separate concentration and communication. By adding some single-person concentration areas and a number of smaller meeting rooms, completes the range of concentration and communication levels.’ ‘The layout of communal and open communication areas may be somewhat more relaxed. Interior design and the lighting need to adhere to

”

less stringent ergonomic requirements than in the individual and closed concentration spaces. This unconsciously stimulates and controls either formal or informal patterns of behaviour. We are convinced that the somewhat higher level of investment that is needed to realise such an office is reimbursed in the form of heightened job satisfaction, and with it the increased enthusiasm of the employees. Colours, light, acoustics and spatial proportions are all aspects that influence the way people function. Lighting is a key tool to create the desired atmosphere. Interior designers consider the lighting of a space as one of the most important and integrated parts of the office. Manipulating these aspects in the correct way can certainly be advantageous to a company.’ ‘A good office is one that suits the organisation it accommodates. The impression given to customers must reflect the exact corporate identity. No single office can be copied. Forced imposition of something new does not work and something should not be modern or beautiful just for the sake of it. An office should offer employees a personal atmosphere and quality; and this same quality you should display to your clients.’ ■

Managing partners: Ank van der Meer, Eveline Hinfelaar and Franke van den Broek Ineenontwerp interior design consultancy is a member of BNI (the Professional Association of Dutch Interior Architects) and BNO (the Professional Association of Dutch Designers) and is situated in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. www.ineenontwerp.nl

Conceptual Office Design Office concepts are all to do with personality and quality. Consultancy for interior architecture and exhibition design, Ineenontwerp (In one design) designs office activity-related spaces, matching them closely to the needs of both personnel and of the customer

Established in 1988 as an interior architectural agency, Ineenontwerp have now built up extensive experience in developing innovative office concepts. The three partners, Ank van der Meer, Franke van den Broek and Eveline Hinfelaar work alongside six interior architects. Their dedicated office designs are brought to completion by an experienced core team of specialists, designers, drawers and a building construction manager. One of their latest designs has been the renovation of the Office Lighting Demonstration Space in the Philips Lighting Application Centre (LAC), Eindhoven. A perfect match between interior office design and lighting has been described in the article The new office world on page 44. Ineenontwerp: ‘Offices used to be dull rooms, desks and corridors. This lies far behind us, because new developments call for specific solutions. Nowadays office organisations form the internal ‘thinking core’ of many

“

Interior designers consider the lighting as one of the most important and integrated parts of the office-space.

ilr 011 offices/concepts

companies, and there is a need to demonstrate this to parties outside the organisation, as this core represents the values and standards of the company. In recent years the diversity of activities and functions within an office has increased. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will simplify the sharing of knowledge, extend team working and reduce the dependence on a fixed location of the workplace. The increasing number of employees working outside the office leads to the function of the office becoming a meeting place for all employees. And it is increasingly evident that customers, visiting the office, are sensitive to the right image and are willing to give their custom to a company that they feel confident with.’ ‘These developments have led to a number of new aims within the office organisation, both communicative and organisational.

1 Colours, light, acoustics and spatial proportions are all aspects that influence the way people function. Lighting is a key tool to create the

desired atmosphere. 2 The open spatial structure of an office area must certainly be suitable for many tasks

that need a considerable degree of concentration. 3 The increasing number of employees working from a

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13:17

Pagina 52

Photos PCM Interactieve Media

p.dia 52-53

Concepts

”

“

Interior designers consider the lighting as one of the most important and integrated parts of the office-space.

ilr 011 offices/concepts

1 Colours, light, acoustics and spatial proportions are all aspects that influence the way people function. Lighting is a key tool to create the

desired atmosphere. 2 The open spatial structure of an office area must certainly be suitable for many tasks

that need a considerable degree of concentration. 3 The increasing number of employees working from a

ilr 011 offices/concepts

q.lobbies 54

25-07-2001

13:20

Pagina 54

Photo Tom Bonner Photography

Projects 1 IXL Corporate Headquarters, Atlanta, Georgia. Lighting design: Sylvia Bistrong of ISP Design Inc., Miami, Florida. For architectural emphasis, the first ceiling zigzag is illuminated by 4200 K cold-cathode discharge lamps by Cathode Lighting Systems. Architects: ARQ (Architectonica) of Miami, Florida.

Photo Colin Ball

2 IBM E Business Innovation Centre, London, UK. Lighting design: Jonathan Speirs and

Colin Ball of Speirs and Major Ltd, London. Think Tank 1. This glass, egg-shaped area with beanbags and comfy chairs is used for rapid brainstorming sessions. Fifteen 250 W colourchange projectors are semi-recessed behind ceiling downstand, casting light onto angled glass surface. Central area spotlit by six 12 V/65 W halogen spots that can take coloured filters and gobo patterns if required.

Imaginative lobbies A look at some of the more attractive lobbies currently being created in the office world

ilr 011 offices/projects

Information provided courtesy of: IALD International Association of Lighting Designers, The Merchandise Mart, Suite 11-114A, 200 WorldTrade Center, Chicago, IL 60654 USA. e-mail iald@iald.org www.iald.org

The selection of lobbies presented made the final round in the 18th IALD Annual International Lighting Design Awards 2001

2 Photo Colin Ball

comfortable, even without the help of daylight. The use of dynamic lighting scenes and colourful schemes by means of interactive lighting control systems can realise extra effects relating to the required atmosphere. In the end it is the creativity of the architect and the lighting designer working together that determines the success or otherwise of the lobby. Their creation must help to provide a window, both literally and metaphorically speaking, through which those entering will be able to gain a first insight into the image that the company wishes to project. ■

3 Photo Nick Merricj, Hedrich Blessing

What is a lobby? As far as office buildings are concerned, a lobby is that space that is not directly associated with the office function itself. It is the space where people enter the building and where visitors meet with those working in the building. But a lobby has another very important function: it is the interface between the world outside and the various working areas. It acts as the company’s showpiece, the place where visitors gain their very first impression of the company, its status, and what it stands for. And what is particularly noticeable in recent years is that the lobbies in office buildings are getting larger. It is no longer just an uninteresting corridor of limited size, but a spacious, well-designed area with suitable, carefully located sitting areas where staff can receive guests and put them at their ease in comfortable surroundings. Indeed, a lobby owes much of its success to its architecture and interior décor, but without welldesigned lighting, even the most prestigious of lobbies will fail to impress. The lighting of a lobby starts with the lighting of the walls and the various architectural elements, particularly the vertical surfaces, for it is these that determine how the lobby will be perceived. Only when this has been done to satisfaction, can the lighting designer proceed to add general lighting to bring levels up to the rather high values needed to ensure that those using the lobby will feel

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11:44

Pagina D

Widest choice in 'TL'5 recessed luminaires

TBS 600

TBS 630

Philips has extended the options and possibilities of 'TL'5 recessed luminaires. In addition to the successful ‘Best-in-Class’ solutions, Philips now offers a complete range of ‘Best-Buy’ solutions, which means that you can take advantage of 'TL'5’s superior performance and aesthetic elegance in a whole new range of more costconscious applications. Clearly the best choice. Please ask your local Philips representative for more information.

4 Ground Zero Advertising Agency, Marina del Rey, California. Lighting design: E Teal Brogden and Le Nguyen of Horton Lees Brogden Lighting Design, Culver City, California. At the perimeter, the ‘jelly jars’ have coloured lamps and

ilr 011 offices/projects

Revue Internationale de l’Eclairage

Internationale Licht Rundschau

Revista Internacional de Luminotecnia

ILR 011: OFFICES

International Lighting Review

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25-07-2001

Atelier Kim Zwarts

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Offices