Copenhagen
Yorkshire Chartists
Danish protestors After earlier protests failed, demanded greater Chartists in Yorkshire took personal freedom. This led up arms and practiced to events in Schleswig (see drills in June. box on opposite page).
Young Irelander Rebellion On July 29, Young Irelander protestors exchanged gunfire with the Irish Constabulary. The rebels were defeated.
Yorkshire
London petition
5
In April, the Chartist Movement held a peaceful protest and asked Parliament for a people’s charter, including votes for all men.
Ballingarry
Schleswig
London Frankfurt 6 Mannheim 1
Rouen In April, the working classes barricaded the streets in their fight against the aristocracy.
Rouen
7 Karlsruhe
Paris
Lyon
February Revolution Angry mobs barricaded Paris in February, overthrowing the king and declaring a French republic. This lasted until December 1851, when Louis Napoleon declared himself emperor.
Silk workers, called canuts, fought for workers’ rights. They attacked factories that used machines rather than employing people. Limoges
Limoges Rural areas such as Limoges joined in a second wave of violent uprisings that started in Paris when the new Republican government did not provide people with jobs.
Milan Lyon
Sonderbund War Years of unrest in Switzerland led to a 25-day war, because seven Catholic regions wanted to govern themselves. They lost the war, but the government Marseille gave people greater freedom.
Marseille Influenced by the events in Paris, workers in the port of Marseille rose up for their rights.
1848
SWITZERLAND
Bologna
Milan In March, people fought against, and drove out, Austrian troops and tax collectors from the Austriancontrolled state.
A year of revolutions
In 1848, people came out onto the streets to fight for their rights: for better working conditions; for democracy (votes for all men, not just the ruling classes); and, in the German and Italian states, for their states to unite into independent countries. Some revolts had short-term success, but most were put down with much bloodshed. By 1849, people had lost hope, yet in the following decades many of their goals would be achieved.
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THE FRANKFURT ASSEMBLY PROPOSED USING THE REVOLUTIONARIES’
