Leabhar Oibre 2012 by Lurgan

Clár Éist & Freagair..........................................................................3 Briathra....................................................................................17 Chit Chat..................................................................................47 Frásaí.......................................................................................61 Ainmfhocail & Aidiachtaí..........................................................83 Leathnú Foclora......................................................................99 Foranimneacha Réamhfhoclacha............................................115 Saibhriu Teanga......................................................................129

Ă&#x2030;ist & Freagair The who?/ what ?/ when ?/ where? / why?and how?

The Éist & Freagair section focuses on the most commonly posed questions in everyday dialogue and how to deal with them. The who?/ what ?/ when ?/ where? / why? and how? Many conversations are about exchanging simple information. This section focuses on the most commonly posed questions in everyday dialogue and how to deal with them. Being comfortable with the materials in this section will be a great help to you in inquiring about and exchanging information with your fellow learners. Lessons are arranged in a question-answer format with the content further reinforced by the use of associated images.The grammatical constructions are repeated a number of times using different examples leading to better retention.

Céard ?

Cén uair?

Cár?

Cé?

Cén chaoi?

Cén fáth ?

Cén áit?

Cá bhfuil?

Cé mhéad?

Céard é seo ? Céard iad seo?

Céard é seo ? Céard iad seo? / What is this? What are these? When identifying things the construction “ Is _______ é” is used. Nouns in Gaeilge are either masculine or feminine and are referred to as being “he” or “she”. There is no word in Gaeilge for “it”

Is úll é

Is bróg í

–

It (he) is an apple –

Is fáinní iad

It (she) is a shoe – They are rings

3 Céard é seo?

3 Céard iad seo?

Céard atá á dhéanamh aige / aici / acu ? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) á dhéanamh (á dhéana’) aige/aici/acu ? What is he/she/they doing?

This is an important construction and really needs to be nailed down. Tá sé ag aclaíocht – He is exercising Tá sé á ghléasadh féin – He is dressing (himself) Tá sé á scrúdú – He is examining it Tá an leaba á cóiriú aici – She is making the bed.

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

3 Céard atá á dhéanamh aige? Céar’ ‘tá á dhéana’ aige?

3 Céard atá á dhéanamh aici? Céar’ ‘tá á dhéana’ aici?

8/ 1

3 Céard atá á dhéanamh acu? Céar’ ‘tá á dhéana’ acu?

3 Céard atá á dhéanamh agat? Céar’ ‘tá á dhéana’ ‘ad?

Céard atá air/uirthi? Céard atá cearr leis/léi? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) air/uirthi? Céard atá cearr leis/léi? What is the matter with him / her? What is wrong with him / her? Tá tart air - He is thirsty (There is a thirst on him) Tá imní uirthi – She is worried (There is worry on her) Tá pian ina bholg aige – He has a pain in his tummy. Tá pian ina fiacail aici – She has a toothache.

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

3 Céard atá air? Céar’ ‘tá air?

3 Céard atá uirthi? Céar’ ‘tá uirthi?

3 Céard atá cearr leis? Céar’ ‘tá cearr leis?

3 Céard ata cearr leí? Céar’ ‘tá cearr leí?

Cé hé / hí / hiad seo? Cé hé / hí / hiad seo? Who is he / she? Who are they? Who are we? Is é (‘sé*) sin / Sin é Paul O’Connell - That’s / It’s Paul O’Connell Is í (‘sí*) sin / Sin í Katie Taylor - That’s / It’s Katie Taylor Is iad (siad*) / Sin iad U2 - That’s / It’s U2 Is muidne (muide*) Laurel agus Hardy – We are Laurel and Hardy.

3 Cé hé seo?

3 Cé hí seo?

3 Cé hiad seo?

3 Cé muidne? Cé muide?

Céard atá uaidh? Céard a theastaíonn uaidh? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) uaidh? Céard a theastaíonn uaidh? Céard atá (Céar’ ‘tá*) sé ag iarraidh ( ‘g iarra’ *)? What does he want / require ? What is he looking for?

Tá mil uaidh – He wants honey Teastaíonn cúnamh uaidh – He wants / requires help Tá sé ag iarraidh ( ‘g iarra’ *) dul abhaile – He wants to go home.

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

3 Céard atá uaidh? Céar’ ‘tá uaidh?

3 Céard a theastaíonn uaidh?

3 Céard atá se ag iarraidh? Céar’ ‘tá sé ‘g iarra’?

3 Céard is maith leis/ leí?

Cé as é / leis é / d(h)ó* é / aige a bhfuil sé? Cé as é ? - Where is he from? Cé leis é? - Who’s is it? Cé dó (dhó*) é? - Who is it for? Cé aige a bhfuil sé ? - Who has it? (Is) as an Iodáil é – He is from Italy (Is) le Indiana Jones é – It belongs to Indiana Jones (Is) don Phápa é – It’s for the Pope (Is) ag an slumdog atá sé – It’s the slumdog that has it.

3 Cé as é?

3 Ce leis é?

3 Ce dó é? Cé dhó é|?

3 Cé aige a bhfuil sé ?

Cén chaoi a bhfuil / a n-airíonn tú? Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú?(Ce’ chaoi ‘bhfuil tú?*) / a n-airíonn tú? How are you? How do you feel? How did you get on? How is the craic? Tá mé togha go raibh maith agat - I’m fine thanks! Airím thar cionn – I feel great! D’éirigh thar barr liom – I got on really well! Tá an chraic mighty – The craic is brilliant

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

3 Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú? Ce’ chaoi ‘ bhfuil tú?

Cén chaoi an airíonn tú? Ce’ chaoi a’ nairíonn tú?

Cén chaoi ar éirigh leat? Ce’ chaoi ar éirigh leat?

Cén chaoi a bhfuil an chraic? Ce’ chaoi ‘il an chraic?

Cá bhfuil ......? (Cá ‘il* ) ? Cá bhfuil ......? (Cá ‘il* ) ? Where is ......?

In Conamara “Cá bhfuil” is abbreviated to “ Cá ‘il*” . Here are a selection of possible answers to the question “cá ‘il”

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?

Cá bhfuil ......? (Cá ‘il* ) ? Cá bhfuil ......? (Cá ‘il* ) ? Where is ......?

In Conamara “Cá bhfuil” is abbreviated to “ Cá ‘il*” . Here are a selection of possible answers to the question “cá ‘il”

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

3 Cá bhfuil ....? Cá ‘il ...?

Cá bhfaca...? Cá ndearna ..? Cá ndeachaigh...? Cá bhfaighfeá ...? Cá bhfaca...? Cá ndearna ..? Cá ndeachaigh...?

Cá bhfaighfeá ...?

Some irregular verbs have completely different positive and negative forms These need special attention as they are commonly used in conversation. Cá bhfaca tú an fógra ? - Chonaic mé ar chlár na bhfógraí é. Cá ndearna sé an stóilín? - Rinne sé sa rang adhmadóireachta é Cá ndeachaigh sibh ar laethanta saoire? - Chuaigh muid chuig an Spáinn Cá bhfaighfeá stampa? - Gheofá in oifig an phoist é.

3 Cá bhfaca ......?

3 Cá ndearna ...?

3 Cá ndeachaigh ...?

3 Cá bhfaighfeá ...?

Cár ....? Cár ....? Where did....? Cár thit siad? - Where did they fall? Cár fhoghlaim sé a chuid Gaeilge? - Where did he learn his Gaeilge? Cár rugadh é? - Where was he born? Cár smaoinigh sé air? - Where did he think of it?

3 Cár .........?

BRIATHRA Most everyday conversation revolves around asking and answering simple questions in the past, present and future tenses. It is essential for learners to master the basic skill of asking and answering simple questions in these tenses.

Briathra Gaeilge is a Verb Subject Object (VSO) language

D’ith an buachaill úll (ate boy apple) the verb is at the very beginning of a sentence. English on the other hand is a Subject Verb Object language i.e. The boy ate an apple.

Gaeilge has three verb groups

Group 1 - Regular verbs with one syllable roots, i.e. bris, glan, caith, pioc, ól. Group 2 - Regular verbs with roots of more than one syllable, i.e. ceannaigh, bailigh, inis, freagair. Group 3 - Irregular verbs. Gaeilge has 11 irregular verbs: Abair, beir, bí, clois, déan, faigh, feic, ith, tabhair, tar, téigh.

The three main difficulties encountered by English speakers when coming to terms with verbs as used in Gaeilge are:

1. 2.

There isn’t an equivalent to the yes / no answer as is in English. Instead the verb is always repeated in the answer.

Initial consonants are changed according to the tense and whether answers are positive or negative. Séimhiú - where a h is added after the initial consonant changing the sound Urú - where the sound of the initial consonant changes by placing another letter before it:

Gaeilge has two forms of the verb “to be” which can be represented as follows An bhfuil sé fuar? Is it cold? An scannán é? Is it a film?

Tá / Níl It is / It isn’t Is ea / Ní hea It is / It isn’t

Séimhiú / Urú Gaeilge is a Celtic language. One of the features of Celtic languages is that changes can occur at both the beginning and at the end of words (and even sometimes in the middle!) Changes to the beginning of words always relate to the preceding word or term. These changes are a hugely important feature of the language, and are used extremely frequently. Indeed, it is impossible to speak fluently without being able to master these changes. Séimhiú A séimhiú (or lenition in English) only affects certain consonants. It consists of adding the letter h after the initial consonant. The following consonants are affected: b > bh c > ch d > dh f > fh g > gh

m > mh p > ph s > sh t > th

The letters h, n, l and r remain unchanged, as do the vowels.

Urú An urú (or eclipsis in English) affects both vowels and consonants. It consists of adding an extra letter before the first letter of the word. This new letter is pronounced instead of the original first letter. Only the following consonants are affected: m before b

--> mb

n before g

-->

g before c

-->

b before p

-->

n before d

-->

d before t

--> dt

bh before f

-->

bhf

Eclipsis affects all the vowels in the same way: a > n-a e > n-e i > n-i

o > n-o u > n-u

Note: in certain cases, the letter ‘t’ can appear before words beginning with vowels or the letter s, and ‘h’ can appear before words beginning with nouns. These are not eclipsis. Finally, if a word begins with a letter not affected by séimhiú/urú, this word will remain unchanged – séimhiú/urú only affect the letters above.

Briathra aonsiollacha - Group 1 verbs Group 1 Regular verbs with one-syllable roots, i.e. bris, glan, caith, pioc, ól A séimhiú (h) is added when • asking a question in the past tense • giving a positive answer in the past tense • giving a negative answer in all tenses An urú is added (b>mb, c>gc, d>nd, f>bhf, g>ng, p>bp, t>dt.) when • asking a question in the present and future tenses

Verb Endings The verb endings change according to tense used and whether the last vowel is either slender (i,e,í,é) or broad (a,o,u,á,ó,ú) ...(e)ann is added in the present tense • bris - briseann • dún – dúnann

if the final vowel in the verb is slender the verb takes a slender ending. if the final vowel in the verb is broad the verb takes a broad ending.

...f(a)idh is added in the future tense • caith - caithfidh • glan – glanfaidh

if the final vowel in the verb is slender the verb takes a slender ending. if the final vowel in the verb is broad the verb takes a broad ending.

Indirect speech Past tense: gur + (h) / nár + (h) Present tense: go + urú / nach + urú Future tense: go + urú / nach + urú

Dúirt sé gur chaith / dúirt sé nár chaith

Dúirt sé go gcaitheann / dúirt se nach gcaitheann Dúirt sé go gcaithfidh / dúirt sé nach gcaithfidh

These points may initially seem daunting but will become second nature after successfully completing the tasks and exercises.

Briathra aonsiollacha - Group 1 verbs AbairLeat! concentrates on a selection of 20 group 1 verbs (verbs with one-syllable root).It deals comprehensively with their usage in simple conversation in the past/ present and future tenses. The verbs are grouped into 4 units of five verbs with each unit having 8 associated tasks.

Béic

Ar bhéic tú ? An mbéiceann tú? An mbéicfidh tú?

Bhéic mé / Níor bhéic mé. Béicim / Ní bhéicim. Béicfidh mé / Ní bhéicfidh mé.

Blais

Ar bhlais tú ? An mbaiseann tú? An mblaisfidh tú?

Bhlais mé / Níor bhlais mé. Blaisim / Ní bhlaisim. Blaisfidh mé / Ní bhlaisfidh mé.

Brúigh

Ar bhrúigh tú ? An mbrúnn tú? An mbrúfaidh tú?

Bhúigh mé / Níor bhrúigh mé. Brúnn / Ní bhrúnn. Brúfaidh mé / Ní bhrúfaidh mé.

Caith Ar chaith tú ? An gcaitheann tú? An gcaithfidh tú?

Chaith mé / Níor chaith mé. Caithim / Ní chaithim. Caithfidh mé / Ní chaithfidh mé.

Caoin Ar chaoin tú ? An gcaoineann tú? An gcaoinfidh tú?

Chaoin mé / Níor chaoin mé. Caoinim / Ní chaoinim. Caoinfidh mé / Ní chaoinfidh mé.

Dreap

Ar dhreap tú ? An ndreapann tú? An ndreapfaidh tú?

Dhreap mé / Níor dhreap mé. Dreapaim / Ní dhreapaim. Dreapfaidh mé / Ní dhreapfaidh mé.

Éist

Ar éist tú ? An éisteann tú? An éistfidh tú?

D’éist mé / Níor éist mé. Éistim / Ní éistim. Éistfidh mé / Ní éistfidh mé.

Fáisc

Ar fháisc tú ? An bhfáisceann tú? An bhfáiscfidh tú?

D’fháisc mé / Níor fháisc mé. Fáiscim / Ní fháiscim. Fáiscfidh mé / Ní fháiscfidh mé.

Gléas Ar ghléas tú ? An ngléasann tú? An ngléasfaidh tú?

Ghléas mé / Níor ghléas mé. Gléasaim / Ní ghléasaim. Gléasfaidh mé / Ní chaithfidh mé.

Íoc Ar íoc tú ? An íocann tú? An íocfiadh tú?

D’íoc mé / Níor íoc mé. Íocaim / Ní íocaim. Íocfaidh mé / Ní íocfaidh mé.

Measc

Ar mheasc tú ? An meascann tú? An meascfaidh tú?

Mheasc mé / Níor mheasc mé. Meascaim / Ní mheascaim. Meascfaidh mé / Ní mheascfaidh mé.

Pioc

Ar phioc tú ? An bpiocann tú? An bpiocfaidh tú?

Phioc mé / Níor phioc mé. Piocaim / Ní phiocaim. Piocfaidh mé / Ní phiocfaidh mé.

Séid

Ar shéid tú ? An séideann tú? An séidfidh tú?

Shéid mé / Níor shéid mé. Séidim / Ní shéidim Séidfidh mé / Ní shidfidh mé.

Caith Ar chaith tú ? An gcaitheann tú? An gcaithfidh tú?

Chaith mé / Níor chaith mé. Caithim / Ní chaithim. Caithfidh mé / Ní chaithfidh mé.

Teip Ar theip ort ? An dteipeann ort? An gteipfidh ort?

Theip orm / Níor theip orm. Teipeann orm / Ní theipeann orm. Teipfidh orm / Ní theipidh orm.

sea)”

Tá & Is - two ways of expressing the English verb “to be”. Tá is used to associate a noun with an adjective – Tá an teach mór Tá is the positive present tense form of the irregular verb “Bí” (to be) The positive answer “Tá” applies only as an answer to the question “An bhfuil .....?” – it translates as “I am” or “it is”. Tá = ‘I am’ or ‘It is’

Tá = Yes

Níl is the negative present tense form of the irregular verb “Bí” (to be) The negative answer “Níl” applies only as an answer to the question “An bhfuil .....?” – it translates as “I’m not” or “It’s not”. Níl = ‘I’m not or ‘It’s not’

Níl = No

The verb tá is used to describe actions, conditions, locations and emotions

Chun gníomhartha a chur in iúl - Actions: An bhfuil tú ag éisteacht? - Tá / Níl mé .......

An bhfuil tú ag dul amach? - Tá / Níl mé ....... An bhfuil tú ag smaoineamh? - Tá / Níl mé .......

Chun staideanna a chur in iúl - Conditions: An bhfuil sé ag báisteach? - Tá / Níl sé .......

An bhfuil an praghas ceart? - Tá / Níl sé ....... An bhfuil an cúrsa go maith? - Tá / Níl sé .......

Chun suímh a chur in iúl - Locations An bhfuil sé ann? - Tá / Níl sé .......

An bhfuil sé thuas? - Tá / Níl sé ....... An bhfuil sé ag an scoil? - Tá / Níl sé .......

Chun mothúcháin a chur in iúl - Emotions: An bhfuil ocras ort? - Tá / Níl ocras orm. An bhfuil tart ort? - Tá / Níl tart orm. An bhfuil tuirse ort? - Tá / Níl tuirse orm.

Tá & Is - two ways of expressing the English verb “to be”. Here are some common idiomatic phrases that use the verb “Bí” An bhfuil tú in ann ....?

An bhfuil a fhios agat ....?

An bhfuil tú réidh?

Níl

Tá / Níl Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú cinnte faoi? An bhfuil tú sásta leis?

Tá

Tá / Níl Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú ag dul ann?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú ag teacht abhaile?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú ag iarraidh ceann?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú ceart go leor?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil sé ag báisteach ?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú i ndáiríre ?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú in ainm é a dhéanamh?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú ar tí imeacht?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil tú i do sheasamh?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil sé ina shuí?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil sé ina chodladh?

Tá / Níl

An bhfuil sé ina dhúiseacht?

Tá / Níl

Tá & Is - two ways of expressing the English verb “to be”. The copula “Is” is not quite a complete verb. It is used to identify / define things, to associate one thing with another thing. An múinteoir é?

Is he a teacher?

Is / Ní múinteoir é.

He is / isn’t a teacher.

An cóta atá ann? Is it a coat?

Is / Ní cóta atá ann. It is / isn’t a coat.

An lá breá é?

Is / Ní lá breá é.

Is it a fine day?

It is / isn’t a fine day

Questions constructed with the copula can be answered with Is ea (‘sea) or Ní hea. ‘Sea translates as “It is” not “Yes”. Ní hea translates as “It isn’t” not “No”. ‘Sea = ‘It is’ Ní hea = ‘It’s not’

‘Sea = Yes Ní hea = No

Céard é? Is leon é. Céard atá ann? Is leon atá ann. An madra é? Ní hea. Ní madra é, is leon é. An leon atá ann? Is ea (‘sea*). Is leon atá ann.

Céard iad? Is cnónna iad. Céard iad seo? Is cnónna iad. An fataí iad? Ní hea. Ní fataí iad, is cnónna iad. An cnónna iad? Is ea (‘sea*) is cnónna iad.

An garda é? Is garda é Céard é fhéin? Is garda é. An múínteoir é? Ní hea. Ní múinteoir é, is garda é. An garda é? Is ea (‘sea*), is garda é.

Céard é fhéin? Is Sasanach é. Cé as é? Is as Sasana é. An Francach é? Ní hea. Ní Francach é, is Sasanach é. An Sasanach é? Is ea (‘sea*), is Sasanach é. 26

Tá & Is - two ways of expressing the English verb “to be”. Here are some common idiomatic phrases that use the verb “Bí” An maith leat …. ?

Is / Ní maith liom ….

An cuimhin leat …. ?

Is / Ní cuimhin liom ….

An fearr leat …. ?

Is / Ní fearr liom ….

An féidir leat …. ?

Is / Ní féidir liom ….

An cuma leat …. ?

Is / Ní cuma liom ….

An miste leat …. ?

Is / Ní miste liom ….

An mian leat …. ?

Is / Ní mian liom ….

An dóigh leat …. ?

Is / Ní dóigh liom ….

An breá leat …. ?

Is / Ní breá liom ….

An fada leat …. ?

Is / Ní fada liom ….

An eol d(h)uit*…….

Is / Ní heol d(h)om ……

An fiú d(h)uit*…….

Is / Ní fiú d(h)om ……

Nach fíor d(h)uit*……. Is / Ní fíor d(h)om …… Nach méanar d(h)uit*… Is / Ní méanar d(h)om ……

An ea? (Ab ea?*)

Is ea (‘Sea*) / Ní hea

An é sin é? (Ab ‘in é?*)

Sin é / Ní shin é

An iad sin iad? (Ab ‘in iad?*) Sin iad (‘siad*) / Ní shin iad (Ní hiad). An é seo é? ( Ab ‘eod é?*)

Seo é é ( ‘s ‘eod é*) Ní hé seo é (Ní h’eod é*)

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

Briathra mírialta – Group 3 verbs – Irregular verbs Gaeilge has 11 irregular verbs. Abair, beir, bí, clois, déan, faigh, feic, ith, tabhair, tar, téigh. They also happen to be the most commonly used verbs so they cannot be ignored. The verbs are irregular because different roots are used to form different tenses

Clois

chuala

cloiseann

cloisfidh

Feic

chonaic

feiceann

feicfidh

Abair

dúirt

deireann

déarfaidh

Beir

rug

beireann

béarfaidh

Bí

bhí

tá / bíonn

beidh

Téigh

chuaigh

téann

rachaidh

Tar

tháinig

tagann

tiocfaidh

Dean

rinne

déanann

déanfaidh

Faigh

fuair

faigheann

gheobhaidh

Ith

d’ith

itheann

íosfaidh

Tabhair

thug

tugann

tabharfaidh

Some irregular verbs have completely different positive and negative forms These need special attention as they are commonly used in conversation.

In the past tense: Bí: Déan: Feic: Téigh:

An raibh ...? An ndearna ....? An bhfaca...? An ndeachaigh...?

Bhí / Ní raibh Rinne / Ní dhearna Chonaic / Ní fhaca Chuaigh / Ní dheachaigh

In the present tense: Bí:

An bhfuil ...?

Tá / Níl

In the future tense: Faigh:

An bhfaighidh ....?

Gheobhaidh / Ní bhfaighidh

Briathra mírialta – Group 3 verbs – Irregular verbs

* San aimsir chaite úsáidtear An in áit Ar and Ní in áit Níor. NB** Tá foirm dhifriúil dhearfach agus dhiúltach ag an mbriathar san aimsir seo. NB

An raibh tú?* An bhfuil tú? An mbíonn tú? An mbeidh tú?

Bhí mé. / Ní raibh mé.** Tá mé. / Níl mé. Bíonn mé. / Ní bhíonn mé. Beidh mé. / Ní bheidh mé.

An ndearna tú?* An ndéanann tú? An ndéanfaidh tú?

Rinne mé. / Ní dhearna mé.** Déanaim. / Ní dhéanaim. Déanfaidh mé. / Ní dhéanfaidh mé.

An bhfaca tú?* Chonaic mé. / Ní fhaca mé.** An bhfeiceann tú? Feicim. / Níl fheicim. An bhfeicfidh tú? Feicfidh mé. / Ní fheicfidh mé.

The Diabhailíní Beaga characters outline the irregular verbs, one at a time. One character represents the positive answer while another represents the negative answer.

Téigh amach - téigí amach An ndeachaigh * ? Chuaigh / Ní dheachaigh .**

An dtéann ? téann / ní théann An rachaidh ? rachaidh / ní rachaidh

Lá i nGaillimh le Deasún. Des’s day out in Galway.

Clois Bí

Learn the irregular verbs by following the storyboard of

Ar chuala / An gcloiseann / An gcloisfidh ? An raibh / an bhfuil / An mbíonn / An mbeidh?

Beir

Ar rug / An mbeireann / An mbéarfaidh?

Tar

Ar tháinig / An dtagann / An dtiocfaidh?

Feic

An bhfaca / An bhfeiceann / An bhfeicfidh?

Faigh

An bhfuair / An bhfaigheann / An bhfaighidh?

Téigh

An ndeachaigh / An dtéann / An rachaidh?

Tabhair

Ar thug / An dtugann / An dtabharfaidh?

Abair

An ndúirt / An ndeireann / An ndéarfaidh?

Ith Déan

Ar ith / An itheann / An íosfaidh? An ndearna / An ndéanann / An ndéanfaidh? 30

Clois

Chuala / cloiseann / cloisfidh sé tuar na haimsire.

Bí

Bhí / tá / bíonn / beidh báisteach geallta.

Beir

Rug / beireann / béarfaidh sé ar a chóta

Tar

Tháinig / tagann / tiocfaidh sé go Gaillimh ar an mbus

Feic

Chonaic / feiceann / feicfidh sé leabhar sa leabharlann

Faigh

Fuair / faigheann / gheobhaidh sé ar iasacht é.

Téigh

Chuaigh / téann / rachaidh sé chuig an mbialann.

Tabhair

Thug / tugann / tabharfaidh an freastalaí píotsa dó.

Abair

Dúirt / deireann / déarfaidh sé gur breá leis píotsa.

Ith Déan

D’ith / itheann / íosfaidh sé chuile phioc de. Rinne / déanann / déanfaidh sé a chuid oibre. 31

Briathra mírialta – Irregular verbs - common phrases Many phrases / sayings incorporate irregular verbs in their construction. The most common phrases that incorporate the irregular verbs Déan, Tabhair, Téigh, agus Tar are thoroughly dealt with using a number of associated tasks.

Nathanna - DÉAN

Ag déanamh dearmaid Ag déanamh gaisce Ag déanamh iarrachta

Ag déanamh iontais Ag déanamh aithrí

forgetting boasting at-

wondering repent-

ing Ag déanamh amhlaidh

ingly

Ag déanamh an diabhail

Ag déanamh neamhairde de Ag déanamh comhbhróin

acting accord-

making mischief

ignoring commiserat-

ing

Praiseach a dhéanamh Rogha a dhéanamh Cinneadh a dhéanamh

Casaoid a dhéanamh Gar a dhéanamh Do dhícheall a dhéanamh

make a mess choose make a decision

complain do a favour do your best

NATHANNA - Téigh

Ag dul ar aghaidh proceeding Ag dul as a chiall - mheabhair losing his mind Ag dul amú going astray

Ag dul dó Ag dul ó mhaith Ag dul go maith

Ag dul chun tairbhe Ag dul i bhfeabhas Ag dul in olcas

Ag dul faoi sciain tion Ar aon dul le

Ag dul le fána Ag dul le sruth Ag dul thar fóir

coasting downhill going with the flow going to-far

Ag dul i méid Ag dul i laghad Ag dul in aois

increasing decreasing ageing

deserving going off going well

benefitting improving deteriorating undergoing an operasimilar to

NATHANNA - TABHAIR

Ag tabhairt faoi deara Ag tabhairt le tuiscint Ag tabhairt faoi

Cluas bhodhar a thabhairt Aitheantas a thabhairt D’fhocal a thabhairt

to ignore to recognise to give your

Iasacht a thabhairt Cúnamh a thabhairt Comhairle a thabhairt

to loan to help to advise

Cead a thabhairt Cead do chinn a thabhairt Móid a thabhairt

to allow do what you like to take an oath

Tacaíocht a thabhairt Tosaíocht a thabhairt Fianaise a thabhairt

to support to give precedence to give evidence

Ag tabhairt airde Ag tabhairt aire Ag tabhairt amach

noticing explaining attempting

paying attention taking care giving out

NATHANNA - TAR

Ag teacht ar (rud) Ag teacht as (rud) Ag teacht le (rud)

Teacht aniar Teacht aniar aduaidh Teacht i dtír (ar)

recover from setback unexpected happening to take advantage of

Teacht isteach ar (rud) Teacht roimhe Teacht gan choinne

to get the hang (of something) preventative action unexpected arrival

Ocras ag teacht orm Tart ag teacht orm Tuirse ag teacht orm

getting hungry getting thirsty getting tired

Teacht i láthair Teacht i gcabhair Teacht slán - ó bhaol

presence come to the aid escape from danger

Ag teacht chuige féin Ag teacht chun deiridh Imeacht gan teacht ort!

recovering coming to an end May you never return!

finding (something) recovering from (something) agreeing to (something)

Modh Coinníollach – Conditional tense Learning to use the conditional tense is very straightforward and doesn’t deserve the bad press it has received.

Neither ‘Mé’ nor ‘tú’ are used in the conditional. Instead they are integrated into the verb. ‘An’(+ urú) is used to ask a question Positive answers take a séimhiú or d’ (as in the past tense) and ‘Ní’ (+ séimhiú) is used in the negative.

Group 1 verbs Verb endings ...fainn/-finn are used instead of “mé” and ...fá/-feá are used instead of “tú”

An dtabharfá cúnamh? An íosfá plaic? An ndéarfá sin? An gceapfá go bhfuil? An ndéanfá gar dom? An dtiocfá ar ais? An ólfá braon? An gcaithfeá go leor? An bhfágfá in am? An mbeifeá sásta?

Thabharfainn D’íosfainn Déarfainn Cheapfainn Dhéanfainn Thiocfainn D’ólfainn Chaithfinn D’fhágfainn Bheinn

Ní thabharfainn Ní íosfainn Ní déarfainn Ní cheapfainn Ní dhéanfainn Ní Thiocfainn Ní ólfainn Ní chaithfinn Ní fhágfainn Ní bheinn

Group 2 verbs Verb endings ....óinn/-eóinn are used instead of “mé” and ...ófá/-eofá are used instead of “tú”

An inseofá an fhírinne? An gceannófá mórán? An imreofá cluiche? An bhfoghlaimeofá? An osclófá an fhuinneog?

D’inseoinn Cheannóinn D’imreoinn D’fhoghlaimeoinn D’osclóinn

Ní inseoinn Ní cheannóinn Ní imreoinn Ní fhoghlaimeoinn Ní osclóinn

MODH COINNÍOLLACH

An gcuirfeá glaoch orm? An mbeifeá in ann cabhrú liom? Dá dtiocfadh cuairteoir, céard a dhéanfá?

Céard a dhéanfá dá mbeadh tráthnóna saor agat? Dá dtabharfainn deich euro duit céard a cheannófá? An dtaithneodh leat dul chuig an trá ?

Dá mbeadh an doras oscailte... Dá gcaithfinn cónaí in áit éigin eile ... Dá mbeadh tart orm....

Dá mbeadh dúil agam iontu Dá mbeadh ocras orm Dá mbeadh spéis agam san ábhar

An Cónasc Murach:

5 6

Ní aithneoinn tú murach gur labhair tú. Bheinn in am don rang murach go raibh an bus mall. Rachainn ag siúl murach an lá a bheith fliuch.

Thiocfainn leat go dtí an baile mór murach go bhfuil orm dul chuig cluiche. Déarfainn amach é murach go bhfuil mé cúthail. Ni chreidfinn go mbeidís ann murach go bhfaca mé ann iad.

MODH COINNÍOLLACH

Frásaí

Chodaileoinn ar phíce D’iosfainn den úrlár é D’ólfainn as wellington é

Thabharfainn tír is talamh lena haghaidh Sheasfainn sa sneachta ag éisteacht léi. Shiúlfainn ó cheann ceann na tíre ar a shon.

D’ólfadh sé an chrois den asal. Dhéanfainn i mo chodladh é. Ní bhuailfeá / bhuaifeadh sé tóin bó le sluasaid

Ní dhéanfainn ar ór na cruinne é. Ní chreidfinn focal as do béal. Ní fheicfeá a leithéad aon áit éile.

Dá dtabharfaí milliún euro duit, céard a dhéanfá ? Dá bhfeicfeá timpiste ag tarlú, céard a dhéanfá? Dá mbeithfeá i do Thaoiseach, céard a dhéanfá?

Briathra - Bain / Buail

Frásaí

Cáil a bhaint amach to achieve fame Gradam a bhaint amach to win an award Ceann scríbe a bhaint amach to arrive at the final destination

Baineadh geit asam Baineadh siar asam Baineadh gáire asam

Ní bhaineann sé leat. Níl baint ná pairt agam leis. Bhain se lán na súl as.

It is none of your business It has nothing to do with me, He ogled it.

Bhuail sé bob orm. Bhuail an t-ocras / tart mé Bhuail sé bleid chainte orm.

He tricked me The hunger/thirst came on me. He struck a conversation.

Buail fút! Sit down Buail isteach ar ball. Call in later Tá sé ar buile. He is mad/furious

Ar bhuille a sé. Ar bhuille boise Bhuail siad lena chéile. Bhuail siad a chéile.

I was startled I was taken aback I had to laugh

At the stroke of six Instantly They met. They hit / struck each other

Briathar - Cuir

Nathanna - Cuir 1

Stró a chur ort féin Iallach a chur Locht / milleán a chur

to exert yourself to compel to blame (to criticise)

Ag cur a chosa uaidh Ag cur dallamullóg orm Ag cur dúil i rud

throwing a tantrum deceiving me to desire something

(rud) a chur in iúl (rud) a chur i gcuimhne (rud) a chur ina luí

to inform -to let it be known to remind to impress upon

a chur i bhfeidhm a chur i bhfeighil a chur ar an méar fhada

to impose to place in charge to delay / procrastinate

Curtha i bhfolach hidden Curtha i dtaisce in safe keeping Curtha amú wasted

ag cur in aghaidh ag cur thar maoil ag cur as dom

opposing overflowing bothering me

Briathar - Cuir

Nathanna - Cuir 2

Rud a chur ina cheart to rectify something Rud a chur as rocht to put something out of kilter Rud a chur de ghlanmheabhair to learn by heart

ag cur allais ag cur amach / aníos ag cur chun cinn

sweating vomiting promoting / advancing

Bhí sé ag cur as dom Bhí sé ag cur dó Chuir sé faoi i nGaillimh.

bothering / annoying me giving out / complaining he setteled in Galway

planda / siol a chur faobhar a chur tuairisc a chur

Cur síos ar rud to describe something Cur suas le rud to tolerate something Bac / cosc / sriain a chur le rud to impede / restrain somthing

rud a chur le chéile rud a chur ó chéile rud a chur trína chéile rud a chur ó mhaith

to sow a plant / seed to sharpen to inquire

to assemble something to dismantle something to mix up / to confuse something to render useless

An tAinm Briathra (Verbal noun) The verbal noun is used to refer to a continuous or progressive action eg eating, talking, writing. Verbal nouns end in -ing in English. Verbal nouns cannot be followed by the pronouns mé, tú, é, í, muid, sibh, iad. This difference in word order needs to be carefully noted by English speakers. Tá mé á rá

I’m saying it .

Tá mé ag rá é

This construction is very frequently used in speech. The ‘it’ in question is always the masculine singular form (and so a séimhiú is added):

....ing it / him

....ing her

á+h

á (gan séimhiú)

Doing it

á dhéanamh

ag déanamh é

Cleaning it

á ghlanadh

ag glanadh é

Walking it

á shiúl

ag siúl é

Kissing it (him)

á phógadh

ag pógadh é

á pógadh (kiss-

ing her)

Answering it (him)

á fhreagairt

Pushing it (him)

á bhrú

ag freagairt é

á freagairt (answering her)

ag brú é

á brú

(pushing her)

Praising it (him)

....ing me / you

á mholadh

ag moladh é

do (gu*) mo / do (gu*) do

Knocking me Pulling you

do (gu*) mo leagadh do (gu*) do tharraingt

ag leagadh mé ag tarraingt tú

Blinding me Bringing you

do( gu*) mo chaochadh do (gu*) do thabhairt

ag caochadh mé ag tabhairt tú

Paying me Ordering you

do (gu*) m’íoc do (gu*) d’ordú

ag íoc mé ag ordú tú

Annoying me Inticing you

do (gu*) mo chrá do (gu*) do mhealladh

ag crá mé ag mealladh tú

In Conamara “do mo” is pronounced as “gu* mo” and “do do” is pronounced as “ gu *do” * Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. AbairLeat! highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

á moladh (prais-

An tAinm Briathra (Verbal noun)

Tá sé á scrúdú.

Tá sé á shábháilt

Tá sí á bholú.

Tá an x-ray á scrúdú aige.

Tá an pheil á sábháilt aige.

Tá an bláth á bholú aici.

Tá sí á mheascadh

Tá sí á bhualadh.

Tá sé á pógadh

Tá an cáca á mheascadh aici.

Tá sí do (gu*) mo bhualadh. Ta sí do (gu*) do bhualadh.

Tá siad á leanacht

Tá sé á bhrú.

Tá sé á bhodhrú.

h (kiss-

her)

brú

(prais-

Tá siad do (gu*) mo leanacht Tá siad do (gu*) do leanacht.

Tá sé do (gu*) mo bhrú Tá sé do (gu*) do bhrú

Tá sé do (gu*) mo phógadh Tá sé do (gu*) do phógadh

Tá tú do (gu*) mo bhodhrú Tá mé do (gu*) do bhodhrú

Má if

- A séimhiú is added to the verb after má

Má is used in the past and present tenses. Má cheannaím : An dtiocfaidh tú liom má cheannaím ticeád dhuit? Má thugann : Gabhfaidh mé in éineacht leat má thugann mo mháthair cead dom. Má bhíonn : Beidh ócáid iontach ann má bhíonn an lá go breá. Má bhí : Bhí, má bhí! Má chonaic : Ní dúirt tú tada liomsa faoi má chonaic tú é. Má cheannaigh : Má cheannaigh sé ceann, bhí sé ar an t-aon duine a cheannaigh.

Má is not used with the future tense. Instead, the present tense is used: Má thagann sé amárach – if he comes tomorrow Beidh chuile dhuine sásta má thagann an beart amárach. Má tharlaíonn sé an bhliain seo chugainn beidh muid réidh lena aghaidh. Má dhéanann tú an obair anocht beidh muid saor amárach.

“Má” combines with “is” to form “más”: Más maith leat! Rachaidh mé leat, más rud é go mbeidh tú ag dul ann. Beidh mé buíoch más féidir leat é a dhéanamh. Fanfaidh muid sa mbaile más fear leat é.

Mura - if not / unless An urú is added to the verb. Mura gcuirim: Cuireann mo chairde glaoch orm mura gcuirim glaoch orthu. Mura gcuirfidh: Beidh tú fliuch mura gcuirfidh tú ort cóta. Mura gcuirfeadh: Thiocfadh an cat isteach mura gcuirfeadh sí glas ar an bhfuinneog.

Mura ndéanann: Bíonn sé déanach don rang mura ndéanann sé deifir. Mura ndéanfaidh: Beidh sé déanach don rang mura ndéanfaidh sé deifir. Mura ndéanfadh: Bheadh sé déanach don rang mura ndéanfadh sé deifir.

Murar - Past Tense - A séimhiú is added to the verb after murar Murar chuir: Beidh sí briste murar chuir sí airgead sa chuntas. Murar fhág: Beidh sí déanach murar fhág sí in am. Murar ith: Beidh ocras uirthi murar ith sí béile.

Exceptions - Mura is used in the past tense for the following irregular verbs téigh / déan / feic / bí / faigh / abair.

bí - mura raibh faigh – mura bhfuair abair – mura ndúirt

téigh – mura ndeachaigh déan - mura ndearna feic - mura bhfaca

SULA before

An urú is added to the verb after sula

Sula gcuireann : Ním an cupán sula gcuireann mé/ gcuirim sa chófra é. Sula gcuirfidh : Nífidh mé an cupán sula gcuirfidh mé sa chófra é. Sula gcuirfeadh : Nífinn an cupán sula gcuirfeadh mé/gcuirfinn sa chófra é.

Sula ndéanann : Itheann sé a dhinnéar sula ndéanann sé an obair bhaile. Sula ndéanfaidh : Íosfaidh sé a dhinnéar sula ndéanfaidh sé an obair bhaile. Sula ndéanfadh: D’íosfadh sé a dhinnéar sula ndéanfadh sé an obair bhaile.

Sular - Past Tense - A séimhiú is added to the verb Sular cheannaigh: Bhain sé triail as sular cheannaigh sé é. Sular thrasnaigh: Bhreathnaigh sé soir agus siar an bóthar sular thrasnaigh sé é. Sular shuigh: Rinne sé a chuid oibre sular shuigh sé síos.

Exceptions - Sula is used in the past tense for the following irregular verbs téigh / déan / feic / bí / faigh / abair.

téigh - sula ndeachaigh déan - sula ndearna

bí - sula raibh faigh - sula bhfuair

CHIT CHAT The key to becoming a confident Irish-language speaker lies in your ability to engage in basic everyday dialogue. Developing a habit of partaking in casual informal conversations as Gaeilge is central to building up confidence and in bonding with the language.

This is a fun part of language learning as it requires social interaction with other learners. As the majority of brief casual conversations are restricted to generalities it is possible to conduct them predominantly as Gaeilge if you have the necessary dialogue that is used in everyday chit chat. This section focuses on common sayings, greetings, and questions that are most frequently used in general everyday dialogue. Getting into the habit of incorporating basic Gaeilge into your daily encounter with fellow learners is only a matter of practice. AbairLeatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role is to coordinate the delivery of learning materials and outlining concise step by step direction on how to engage with them online. However, there is no substitute to using the language in meaningful interaction in real life situations. Willingness to communicate as Gaeilge with each other is the single most important requirement for learners.

Leaganacha coitianta 1 - Common everyday phrases 1 A challenging aspect of learning a language is moving from the book or Internet to the real-life situations and interacting with others. The following phrases and interjections can be useful as icebreakers to begin a conversation and to indicate that you are able and willing to speak Gaeilge.

Thaitin sé go mór liom I liked it/him very much D’éirigh liom I succeeded Go n-éirí leat! Good luck! Tabhair dom (toram*) é Abair leat! Abair amach é!

Give it to me Say it! Out with it!

Fág mé! Ceist agam ort Ní dóigh liom é

Let me alone! A quick question I don’t think so

Céard a cheapann tú faoi? Cén t-am é? Feicfidh mé ar ball thú.

What do you think/make of it? What time is it? I’ll see you later.

Airím uaim mo chairde A Mhaighdean! Go bhfóire Dia orainn!

I miss my friends Holy Mary! Oh my God! God help us!

Go sábhála Dia sinn! God save us! Tabhair dom (toram) ceann! Give me one An bhfuil tú ag iarraidh ceann? Do you want one?

Leaganacha coitianta 2 - Common everyday phrases 2 This lesson presents another 18 widely used phrases, interjections. Including them in your general conversation makes learning Gaeilge much more engaging and will add a great deal to your level of fluency

Fág seo! Déan deifir. Tóg d’am! Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il) do dheifir? Éirigh as! Éirigh as an tseafóid!

Come on! Hurry up! Take your time!

Where is your hurry? Give it up / Stop it! Don’t be silly!

Fág an bealach! / Fan as an mbealach! Stay out of the way! Gabh i leith anseo! Come over here! Téigh i dtigh diabhail! Go to hell! Lean ort! Ar aghaidh leat! Bailigh leat / gread leat!

Keep going! Go ahead! Get lost! / Clear off!

Cé mhéad atá air? Céard a chosnaíonn sé? Is mise an chéad duine eile.

How much is it? How much does it cost? I’m next!

Cá bhfuil tú ag dul? Fan nóiméad! Oíche mhaith, codladh sámh!

Where are you going? Wait a minute! Good night, sleep well!

Cé leis? Cé ag?

Cé do?

Cé air?

Some more questions and answers that are essential for everyday conversations. These phrases use the prepositional pronouns which do not exist in many other languages, so becoming comfortable with phrases such as these indicates an increasing level of fluency.

An leatsa é seo? Cé leis é? Is liomsa é! Is linne é.

An agatsa atá sé? Cé aige a bhfuil sé? Is agamsa (a’msa) atá sé. Is againne atá sé.

An duitse é? Cé dó é? Is domsa é. Is dúinne é.

An ortsa atá an milleán? Cé air a bhfuil an milleán? Is ortsa atá an milleán. Is orainne atá an milleán.

Is this yours? Whose is it? It is mine! It is ours!

Have you got it? Who has it? I have it. We have it.

Is it for you? Who is it for? It is for me. It is for us.

Are you to blame? Who is to blame? You are to blame. We are to blame.

Comhairle a thabhairt – Giving advice Giving and receiving advice is part and parcel of everyday dialogue. This lesson gives very good advice on how to advise as Gaeilge.

Comhairle a chur..... Glac le comhairle... Mo chomhairle duit ná ... ‘Sí an chomhairle a chuirfinn ort ná .... Mholfainn duit ..... B’fhearr duit ...... Ní mór duit ..... Ar chraiceann do chluaise ...... Ar a bhfaca tú riamh ...... Tabhair faoi deara .... Glac foighid - Foighid ort - Bíodh foighid agat. Coinnigh ort - Lean ort! Ná luigh ar na maidí

Coinnigh do mhisneach Coinnigh an cloigeann Ná caill an block. Seachain - Fainic thú féin Seachain / Fainic a ndéarfá/ a ndéanfá / a rachfá Tabhair aird ar a ndeirim leat ...

6 Chás Tábhachtach - 6 special cases. There are six ocassions where vebs display a compleatly different form for a positive or a negative answer.. They are used very frequently and need to be given special attention by learners.

An bhfaca tú é? Chonaic mé é. Ní fhaca mé é.

Did you see him/ it? I saw him/ it. I didn’t see him/ it.

An ndeachaigh tú ann? Did you go there? Chuaigh mé ann. I went there. Ní dheachaigh mé ann. I didn’t go there. An ndearna tú é? Rinne mé é. Ní dhearna mé é.

Did you do it? I did it. I didn’t do it.

An raibh tú sásta? Bhí mé sásta. Ní raibh mé sásta.

Were you pleased? I was pleased. I was not pleased.

An bhfuil tú in ann feadaíl? Can you whistle? Tá mé in ann. I am able. Níl mé in ann. I am not able. An bhfaighidh tú litir? Gheobhaidh mé litir. Ní bhfaighidh mé litir.

Will you get/receive a letter? I will get/receive a letter. I won’t get a letter.

Cur síos ar rud – Describing things Describing things / events / happenings is another “must have” ability so as to communicate effectively as Gaeilge.

Tá sé sin ....... Ta sé áiféiseach Tá sé áisiúil Tá sé aisteach Tá sé fiúntach Tá sé éifeachtach Tá sé tairbheach

It is ridiculous / outlandish It is convenient / handy It is peculiar / weird It is worthwhile / has merit It is efficient / effective / capable It is beneficial

Tá sé tubaisteach Tá sé tromchúiseach Tá sé truamhéalach

It is tragic / disastrous It is a grave / serious matter It is pityful / pathetic

Tá sé ina phraiseach / chac. Tá sé ina chnámh spáirne Tá sé ina shamhradh

It is (the situation ) a mess / shite It is a bone of contention It is (the weather) summer like

Tá sé dochreidte Tá sé domhaite Tá sé dodhéanta

It is unbelievable It is unforgivable It is undoable

Tá sé barrúil It is funny Ta sé uaillmhianach It is ambitious Tá sé coitianta / neamhchoitianta It is common / uncom.

Céard ..........?

Céard ....... ? Céard é an scéal? Céard ata ar siúl - ar bun? Céard sa diabhal atá ar siúl Céard atá air? Céard atá ag cur as dó? Céard atá ag déanamh imní dó? Céard atá uait? Céard atá tú ag iarraidh? Céard é do phointe? Céard faoi? Céard faoi atá tú ag caint? Céard a cheapfa / é do bharrúil faoi? Céard a tharla / atá ag tarlú? Céard sa diabhal a tharla? Céard a thit amach? Céard atá cearr - mí-cheart? Céard atá i gceist / ar intinn agat a dhéanamh? Céard a dhéarfá anois faoi?

TUAIRIM A NOCHTADH Céard é do thuairim faoi ? ……. Is é mo thuairim go /gur……. Níl aon tuairim agam faoi ……. Níl tuairim faoin spéir agam faoi !....... Braitheann sé……. Déarfainn go /gur /nach /nár…….

Céard a cheapann tú ............? Ceapaim go / cheapfainn go ….. Ceapaim gur /cheapfainn gur……. Ceapaim nach / cheapfainn nach ……. Ceapaim nár / cheapfainn nár……. Ní cheapaim go/ gur / ní cheapfainn go /gur…….

An dtagann tú leis an tuairim ?....... Tagaim go hiomlán leis … Tagaim le cuid de ……. Ní thagaim leis ar chor ar bith…….

Céard é do bharúil faoi ?....... Is é mo bharúil go / gur……. Is é mo bharúil nár / nach……. Níl aon bharúil agam faoi bealach amháin ná bealach eile …….

Céard a déarfá faoi ?....... Déarfainn go / gur……. Déarfainn nach / nár……. Níl tada le rá agam faoi …….

Céard atá ar intinn agat / fút / i gceist agat a dhéanamh? Céard atá fút a dhéanamh ag an deireadh seachtaine? Tá fúm bualadh le mo chairde ag an deireadh seachtaine. Tá fúm féin agus mo chairde dul chuig cluiche peile/iománaíochta. Níl fúm mórán a dhéanamh ach an féar a bhaint agus an madra a thabhairt ag siúl!

Céard atá fút a dhéanamh ag an deireadh seachtaine? Tá sé ar intinn agam dul amach le mo chairde. Tá sé ar intinn agam dul ag siúl agus ansin dul ag obair. Níl aon rud ar leith ar intinn agam, breathnóidh mé ar scannán, b’fhéídir.

Céard atá fút a dhéanamh ag an deireadh seachtaine? Tá sé i gceist agam dul ar aghaidh go dtí an tríú leibhéal. Tá sé i gceist agam dul ag obair ar feadh bliana ar dtús. Tá sé i gceist agam dul le ceird.

Pearsantachtaí agus tréithe – Personalities and characteristics This section has three lessons about describing people’s personalities, characteristics and traits.

Tréithe a thaitníonn leis /léi: Fírinneacht Cairdiúlacht Measarthacht Oscailteacht Freagracht Prionsabáltacht Spraíúlacht Dáiríreacht Macántacht

Truthfulness Friendliness Moderatiom Open / frank Responsibility Moral Principles Playfulness Earnestness Honesty

Iompar nach dtaitníonn leis /léi: Cur i gcéill Bréaga Foréigean Éagóir Fimínteacht Ciníochas Maistíneacht Aineolas Mímhacántacht

Pretentiousness Lying Violence Injustice Hypocrisy Racism Bullying Ignorance Dishonesty

Pearsantachtaí agus tréithe – Personalities and characteristics This section has three lessons about describing people’s personalities, characteristics and traits.

Dea-thréithe atá aige /aici: Duine fial Duine gealgháireach Duine greannmhar Duine lách Duine ionraic Duine meabhrach Duine aireach Duine cróga Duine foighneach

generous light-hearted with sense of humour gentle honest intelligent aware brave patient

Droch-thréithe atá aige/aici: Duine santach Duine éadmhar Duine gruama Duine garbh Duine leithleasach Duine diúltach Duine ardnósach Duine mí-ionraic Duine cúlchainteach

greedy jealous gloomy rough egotistic negative snobbish dishonest gossip

Pearsantachtaí agus tréithe – Personalities and characteristics This section has three lessons about describing people’s personalities, characteristics and traits.

Tréithe eile: Duine ciúin quite Duine cúthalach shy Duine fiosrach inquisitive Duine dearmadach forgetful Duine neirbhíseach nervous Duine bródúil proud Duine mothálach sensitive Duine cliste clever Duine neamhurchóideach harmless

Fadhb / Fadhbanna atá aige /aici: Fadhb sláinte health Fadhbanna clainne family Fadhb drugaí drugs Fadhbanna airgid money Fadhb fostaíochta employment Fadhb cearrbhachais gambling Fadhb óil alcohol

FRĂ SAĂ? Set phrases and figures of speech are a central component of any language. In this section focus is placed on common phrases as Gaeilge that are frequently used and heard.

If you want your Gaeilge to sound natural, a good way to start is to work with authentic sentences. Set phrases and figures of speech are a central component of any language. In this section focus is placed on common phrases as Gaeilge that are frequently used and heard. Most set phrases, and especially figures of speech are unique to Gaeilge and cannot be translated literally. They are varied, some can be quite rude and can be a source of fun and amusement, as you make progress with your language learning. One highly recommended approach is to learn the new words as part of an entire phrase. If you want your Gaeilge to sound natural, a good way to start is to work with authentic sentences. This ensures that the Gaeilge you are learning is really used and not something just out of a textbook.

Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 1 AbairLeat! places great emphasis on the importance of figures of speech. A number of lessons each containing 18 themed collections of phrases are presented. All of these lessons have accompanying tasks with the view of thoroughly acquainting you with the content.

i ndeireadh na feide i ndeireadh na dála faoi dheireadh thiar

to be at the end of your tether in conclusion /at the end of the day at long last

droim ar ais bunoscionn bun ná barr

back to front upside down disorganized - pointless

aniar aduaidh unexpected / coming from the north west know how ciall cheannaithe tásc ná tuairisc without trace / sight nor light lá bog braonach gearr gonta gíog ná míog

a soft rainy day short and sweet without sound /as quiet as a mouse

de réir a chéile bit by bit de réir dealraimh seemingly de réir mar a chuala / tharla / dúirt according to what ....... idir mhagadh agus dáirire idir óg agus aosta idir dhá cheann na meá

to be serious for a moment everybody / both young and old it’s in the balance / touch and go

Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 2 Relating sayings to characters and people’s traits is common in Irish-language phrases. Here are some examples

Tadhg an dá thaobh. Tuigeann Tadhg Taidhgín. Gáire Sheáin dóite. Oisín i ndiaidh na Féinne Cothrom na Féinne Fáilte Uí Cheallaigh

Two faced Birds of a feather ironic laugh pining away the Fianna’s equality hearty welcome

Dúirt bean liom go ndúirt bean léi. hearsay Ná bac le mac an bhacaigh is ní bhacfaidh mac an bhacaigh leat. Ualach ghiolla na leisce. lazy man’s load Scéal chailleach an uafáis. doomsday scenario Roinnt na caillí mar is áil léi féin. Two for me - one for you Chomh sean leis an gcailleach Bhéara Old Woman (Hag) of Beare Lá Philib an Chleite. Beidh lá eile ag an bPaorach Mallacht Chromail.

The day of reckoning Live to fight another day Cromwell’s curse

Cuid Pháidín den mheacan. short end of the stick Bíodh an diabhal agat! damnation Níos Gaelaí ná na Gaeil gone native

Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 3 Most Irish –language sayings and expressions are unique to the language and cannot be translated literally.

In uair an ghátair in time of need nuair a thagann an crú ar an tairne when it comes to the test nuair a théann tú sa mbearna bhaoil heading towards danger Tá sé ina chíor thuathail Ta sé ina phraiseach / chiseach Ta sé ina chac.

topsy turvey / upside down in a mess it’s shite

ceann scríbe a bhaint amach an sprioc a aimsiú tá a chúrsa rite

to arrive at final destination to achieve the target it has run it’s course

uisce faoi thalamh conspiracy caimiléireacht crookedness mí-ionracas / mímhacántacht dishonesty cur i gcéill mislead / pretend dallamullóg a chur ort pull the wool over your eyes an dubh a chur ina gheal to convince that black is white Tá ag éirí thar barr/ thar cionn leis Tá sé faoi lán seoil Tá sé ar mhuin na muice.

He is getting on very well. well under way / in full swing He’s on the pig’s back.

Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 4 Most Irish –language sayings and expressions are unique to the language and cannot be translated literally.

i mbarr a réime an lámh in uachtar ag dul ó neart go neart

at the height of his/ her power the upper hand going from strength to strength

in ísle brí tá sé thíos ann féin ag snámh in aghaidh easa

run down / feeling low he is depressed futile / going against the tide

níl cuma na caoi air níl sé thar mholadh beirte ní fiú cac an diabhail é

neither shape nor make it is unpraiseworthy it is worthless

dearcadh dearfach dearcadh cloite dearcadh páistiúil

positive attitude / disposition defeated attitude / disposition childish attitude

Tá /níl sé d’acmhainn agam Tá acmhainn grinn aige. acmhainn foghlamtha

I can / cannot afford He has a sense of humour. a learning resource

As go brách leat! Buail bóthar ! Bí dá ghearradh

of you go / be on your way of you go / be on your way of you go / be on your way

Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 5 Most Irish –language sayings and expressions are unique to the language and cannot be translated literally.

Cé is moite de / Seachas Pé ar bith duine / Cibé rud Faraor! Dála an scéil Ar ndóigh Is dóigh liom/ is dócha

except for whoever / whatever it’s a pity / alas! by the way of course I suppose - it’s likely

Mar a bhí mé ag rá As I was saying Le scéal fada a dhéanamh gearr. To make a long story short Bíodh sin mar atá.. Be that as it may B’fhéidir .......... B’éigean dom - bhí orm ....... Is ar éigean ....... Rith sé liom .... Meas tú an ..... ? Cé a cheapfadh .....?. Maidir le ....... As ucht Dé ....... Go bhfios dom ...........

maybe ......... I had to ........ just about ....... It occurred to me ...... Do you think... ? Who would think ....... ? As for .......... For God’s sake ...... As far as I know ....

Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 6 Most Irish –language sayings and expressions are unique to the language and cannot be translated literally.

Chuir sé thar bharr mo chéillíe mé. It/he drove me demented Ar do chonlán féin of your own accord / initiative Ar an dé deiridh on the last legs Droim láimhe a thabhairt Is é an dá mhar a chéile é. Tá a phort seinnte

to walk away from something same difference he’s had it

Fágtha tóin le gaoth an chloch is mó ar an bpaidirín Ní bffuair se saol fata i mbéal muice

exposed the most pressing question It did not last long

Níl tuairim dá laghad aige Níl seans dá laghad aige Níl béasa dá laghad aige

He hasn’t a clue He hasn’t a chance He hasn’t any manners.

Is beag an baol ar ór na cruinne Níl bealach ar bith go .......

it is unlikly / little chance for all the gold in the world there is no way that .............

Níl cuma na caoi air Nil bun na barr leis Níl tóin ná ceann air.

It has neither shape nor make It’’s meaningless It has neither shape nor make

Leaganacha Cainte (gan íomhánna) 7 Most Irish –language sayings and expressions are unique to the language and cannot be translated literally.

Is beag an baol Níl baol orm é a dhéanamh. ag dul sa mbearna baoil

there is little chance there is no way that i will it going into the lion’s den

croílár an scéil cnámha an scéil scéal uafáis

the heart of the matter the gist of the story a horror story

cnámh spairne coimhlinteach gangaideach

bone of contention confrontational / competitive bitter / spiteful

suarach petty / mean / miserable tuatach crude / mean / rude santach greedy / covetous cuireadh cor coise ionam baineadh tuisle asam ar mhullach mo chinn

I was tripped I was tripped head over heels

láithreach / anois díreach i bpreabadh na súl ar an bpointe boise

immediately in the blink of an eye immediately

Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 1-1

Ag déanamh an diabhail

Ag déanamh aithrise

Ag déanamh gaisce

Ar nós na gaoithe

Dallamullóg

Téigh i dtigh diabhail

Tá sé ag déanamh an diabhail ar an rothaí.

Tá an marcach agus an capall ag imeacht ar nós na gaoithe.

I bhfostú

Tá an carr i bhfostú idir an dá bhus

Tá na páistí ag déanamh aithrise ar shiúl an fhir.

Tá sí ag cur an dallamullóg ar an mbeirt acu.

Idir óg agus aosta

Bhí idir óg agus aosta ag an gcóisir

Tá sé ag déanamh gaisce ar chomh láidir is atá sé.

Sin é a chiallaíonn an gheaitse seo.

In ainm a bheith

Íomhá d’éadan Chríost atá in ainm a bheith sa Turin Shroud.

Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 1-2

An bhfuil tú i ndáiríre?

Ag snámh in aghaidh easa

Go tobann

Ar tí

Gabh i Leith

D’aon turas

Thar mholadh beirte

Fág an bealach

Is annamh

Is annamh a bhíonn cat agus luch cairdiúil

Las an spéir go tobann le lasair tintrí.

Is d’aon turas a chaith sé an t-uisce ar an bhfear

An bhfuil tú ag magadh fúm nó an bhfuil tú i ndáiríre faoi?

Tá an liathróid ar tí titim isteach sa bpoll.

Níl obair na beirte seo thar mholadh beirte.

Níl sé éasca ag an mbradán snámh in aghaidh easa.

Gabh i leith anseo nóiméad- tá me ag iarraidh focal leat.

Fágaigí an bealach tá muid ag teacht.

Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 2-1

Ar fhaitíos na bhfaitíos

Go deo na ndeor

I ndáiríre píre.

Sáimhín só

Te teolaí

Fite fuaite

Mór millteach

Beag bídeach

Docht daingean

Chlúdaigh an póilín baill phríobháideacha an fhir ar fhaitíos na bhfaitíos go bhfeicfí iad.

Tá an chuma ar an mbéirín beag go bhfuil sé ar a sháimhín só.

Tá an t-iasc seo mór millteach

.... agus mairfidh siad go sona sásta lena chéile go deo na ndeor

Tá cuma te teolaí ar an mbeirt saighdiúirí

Is ainmhí beag bídeach é an luch.

Thug mo mhamaí cead dom - tá mé i ndáiríre píre faoi

Bhí an fear fite fuaite sa suíochán mar gur theastaigh uaidh a bheith i bhfolach.

Tá an rópa ceangailte go docht daingean timpeall a riostaí.

Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 2-2

Rí rá agus ruaille buaille

Beo bocht

Clú agus cáil

Ceannann céanna

Ar mhuin na muice

Rogha agus togha

Anois ‘s arís

Fial flaithiúil

Ní mar a síltear a bítear

Bhí rí rá agus ruaille buaille ar na sráideanna le linn na hagóide

Tá an gúna ceannann céanna á gcaitheamh acu.

Bíonn an bhanríon í féin ag piocadh a sróine anois is arís

Tá na céadta milliún duine san triú domhan beo bocht

Ní ar chapall atá an marcach seo ach ar mhuin na muice.

Caitheann scoláirí a gcuid airgid go fial flaithiúil i Siopa GOAL.

Tá clú agus cáil ar Einstein ar fud an domhain

Bhí rogha agus togha an bheatha ar fáil ag an bhféasta

Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 3-1

Go bhfóire Dia orainn!

Ag cur as (dom)

Ar bís

Fiosrach

I sáinn / i bponc

Éirigh as sin Leag as sin

Go bhfóire Dia orainn ! - ní chreidim é.

Tá sí chomh fiosrach, agus tá sí sách dána chomh maith.

I bhfolach

Ní bealach an-chliste é seo dul i bhfolach.

Bhí an fear ag cur as don chailín.

Tá an racoon seo i bponc / i sáinn. Níl in ndán dó ach titim san uisce.

In áireach a chéile

Tá na himreoirí in áireach a chéile.

Bhí sí ar bís tar éis di an rás a bhuachaint

Éirigh as sin, níl cead lámh a leagan ar na deilbh.

Breathnaigh air sin – a’ bhfaca tú é sin Breathnaigh air sin a réiteoir! – a’ bhfaca tú é?

Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 3-2

I ndán

In ann

Mór lena chéile

Is mise an chéad duine eile

Bunoscionn

Seachain (tú féin) / fainic

Tá scaill air

De ló is d’óiche

Creideann daoine gur féidir a bhfuil i ndán dóibh a léamh ó bhos na láimhe.

Is mise an chead duine eile sa scuaine

Tá scaill ar an bhfear seo.

An bhfuil tú in ann é seo a dhéanamh le do theanga?

Tá an fear bunoscionn.

Ceithre uaire fichead, seacht lá na seachtaine - bíonn gardaí i mbun oibre de ló is d’oíche.

Tá siad an-mhór lena chéile.

Seachain tú féin ar an mada (leon) seo.

Ag caochadh súl

Tá sé ag caochadh súl orm.

Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 4-1

Faraor nach / nár

Faraor nach bhfaca an réiteoir an feall seo (Thierry Henry)

As lámha a chéile

Is fearr oibriú as lámha a chéile.

I bhfoisceacht

Chuaigh an tarbh i bhfoisceacht cúpla orlach den cheamara.

Is ar éigean

Is ar éigean a bhí sé in am don bhus

Faoi chois

Tá an fear seo faoi chois ar chuile bhealach.

De réir a chéile

Imíonn an ghealach as radharc de réir a chéile agus ansin tagann sé ar ais arís. (Le linn urú gealaí)

Fág seo / fágaigí seo

Fágaí seo – a bhuachaillí tá cluiche le buachaint againn.

Gan aon stró

D’éirigh leis é a dhéanamh gan aon stró.

Ag tnúth

Bhí siad ag tnúth go mór le roinnt milseán a cheannach.

Nathanna Cainte le pictiúir 4-2

Ag fáil faoi réir

Tá na reathaithe ag fáil faoi réir don rás.

Sa todhchaí

Cá bhfios dúinn, cén teorainn luais a bheas ann sa todhchaí

Éirí in airde

Tá éirí in airde orthu.

Tabhair dom (Toram*) Tabhair dom (Toram*) síob, nílim ag iarraidh a bheith fliuch.

Ina phraiseach / ina chiseach

Ceann i ndiaidh a chéile

Óinseach

Go drogallach

San airdeall

Thit na boscaí fóin uilig, ceann i ndiaidh a chéile.

Is go drogallach atá an madra ag dul leis an bhfear.

Tá an áit ina praiseach ag an bpáiste.

Ná déan é, a óinseach!

Tá an t-éan airdeallach faoi na huibheacha

NATHANNA - Go.......

go smior go héasca go dtí

to the core easily until

go tobann suddenly go hiomlán fully go brách / go deo for ever go minic often go hionduil usually go hannamh seldom go ceann bliana / seachtaine ceann / bliain go leith oíche go maidin

for a year / week one (a year) and a half until all hours

Ní neart go cur le chéile Ní omós go haithris Ní mar a shíltear a bítear

Unity is strength Imitation is the best flattery It’s not as it seems

ó ghlúin go glúin ó bhun go barr ó am go ham

from generation to generation from top to bottom from time to time

NATHANNA - Os / de / le ......

os cionn above os comhair in front of os mo chomhair amach right in front of me os rud é os ard os íseal

seeing that loud softly

de réir mar de réir a chéile de réir dealraimh

according to little by little seemingly

de ghnáth de ghlanmheabhair de ló is d’oíche

usually of by heart day and night

le linn le chéile le meas

during together with respect

le tamaill anuas le gairid - le deireanaí le fada (an lá)

for a while lately for a long time

NATHANNA - Thar/Faoi.......

thar cionn - thar barr thar mholadh beirte thar fóir

excellent unpraisworthy over the top / excessive

thar sáile thar am thar a chumas

overseas about time beyond his ability

thar a chéile thar na blianta thar bharr mo chéille

differentiate over the years driven me demented

faoi bhrón faoi mhóid faoi chois

sorrowful under oath oppressed

faoi dheireadh faoi deara faoi rún

at last notice secret

faoi mar a bhí faoi dheifir céard faoi ?

as was in a hurry what about it?

NATHANNA - As & Chun.......

as láthair as bealach as amharc

absent wrong / inappropriate out of sight

as alt as ord as cuimse

dislocated out of order exceptionally

as an áireamh as a chiall as a chéile

not included out of his mind end to end

chun tosaigh in front chun deiridh behind chun sochair - chun tairbhe beneficial ag dul chun na trá going to the beach ag dul chun na scoile going to school ag dul chun na Fraince going to France chun na fírinne a inseacht to tell the truth suí chun boird sit at the table téigh chun na leapan go to bed

NATHANNA - Thar/Faoi.......

ar feadh ar son ar iarraidh

thar sáile thar am thar a chumas

for in support of missing overseas about time beyond his ability

ar aghaidh going forward ar iasacht on loan ar an dea-uair fortunately ar fhaitíos na bhfaitíos ar aon chuma -ar aon nós ar chor ar bith

just in case anyway not at all, at all

ar choinníoll ar meisce ar intinn

on condition drunk have in mind

ar fheabhas ar m’fhocal ar tí

excellent on my word about to

Ainmfhocail & AidiachtaĂ All nouns in Gaeilge are either masculine or feminine. There are no neutral nouns. The gender of nouns is important. There are some rules of thumb which can help you decide whether a noun is masculine or feminine, but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a good idea to learn a new noun along with its gender.

Gender of nouns is not always very logical – cailín (girl) is a masculine noun, stail (stallion) is feminine. In general, names of continents, countries, languages and rivers are mostly feminine. 1. Gaeilge has no indefinite article (a). Bord means ‘table’ or ‘a table’, while ‘cathaoir’ means ‘chair’ or ‘a chair’.

2. The definite article (the) has a singular and plural form an / na An bord na boird

the table the tables

an chathaoir - the chair na cathaoireacha - the chairs

3. Gaeilge doesn’t have a word for “it”: everything is either

é / í “he” or “she”

It’s (the weather) cold - Tá sí (an aimsir) fuar It’s (the day) cold . - Tá sé (an lá ) fuar. It’s a cat

- Is cat é

It’s a mouse – Is luch í.

4. The beginning of nouns can also change through either a séimhiú or an urú, depending on how the nouns are used. Definite Article The sound and spelling of a noun can change after an depending on the gender of the noun and whether it begins with a consonant / vowel or the letter s. Due to the changes that nouns can undergo in Gaeilge, it can be a little difficult to get used to at the beginning. This section aims to explain how nouns are used and what changes are needed, and this should help learners become more confident and comfortable using nouns in their everyday conversations.

An tAlt - alt roimh ghuta. The definite article before vowels. Nouns beginning with a vowel “t-” is added to masculine nouns ainm

(a) name

an t-ainm

the name

aer

air

an t-aer

the air

amadán

(a) fool

an t-amadán

the fool

iontas

(a) wonder

an t-iontas

the wonder

ól

(a) drind

an t-ól

the drink

aois

(an) age

an aois

the age

uair

(a) time

an uair

the time

áit

(a) place

an áit

the place

an t-anraith

an ubh

an t-iasc

an abhainn

an t-anlann

an t-arán

an t-oileán

an t-uisce

an t-úll

an eochair

an aimsir

an t-éan

an t-eas

an obair

an t-urlár

an oíche

an t-asal

an oifig

an uimhir

an t-airgead

An tAlt - alt roimh chonsain. The definite article before consonants. Nouns beginning with a consonant Masculine nouns beginning with a consonant remain unchanged after an buachaill

a boy

an buachaill

the boy

fear

a man

an fear

the man

teach

a house

an teach

the house

A séimhiú (h) is added to feminine nouns after an (only if possible – no séimhiú if the first letter is n for example). Exceptions are nouns beginning with the letters d or t bean

a woman

an bhean

the woman

maidin

a morning

an mhaidin

the morning

fiacail

a tooth

an fhiacail

the tooth

bliain

a year

an bhliain

the year

cloch

a stone

an chloch

the stone

Nouns beginning with the letters d or t remain unchanged tír

a country

an tír

the country

duais

a prize

an duais

the prize

an bhróg

an chathaoir

an fharraige

an ghealach

an fheadóg

an ghaoth

an chistin

an bháisteach

an fhuinneog

an bhrionglóid

an duilleog

an duais

an tír

an trá

an pháirc

An tAlt - alt roimh S The definite article before S Masculine nouns beginning with the letter ‘s’ remain unchanged after an solas

a light

an solas

the light

siopa

a shop

an siopa

the shop

The letter t is placed before feminine nouns which beginning with: s+ vowel

sl+ vowel

sn+ vowel

sr+ vowel

súil

an eye

an tsúil

the eye

sráid

a street

an tsráid

the street

srón

a nose

an tsrón

the nose

slí

a way

an tslí

the way

síleáil

a ceiling

an tsíleáil

the ceiling

seilf

a shelf

an tseilf

the shelf

seafóid

nonsence

an tseafóid

the nonsence

saoirse

freedom

an tsaoirse

the freedom

seoid

a jewel

an tseoid

the jewel

an tsubh

an scoil

an staighre

an seomra

an tsnáthaid

an tSín

an tSeapáin

an siopa

an tslí

an tsúil

an spéir

an stoirm

an sliabh

an solas

an sreangán

Urú roimh ainmfhocal An urú (eclipse in English) is when a letter related to the first letter of a word is put in front of the letter thus eclipsing the original sound and replacing it with a closely related sound. The table below shows how the relevant consonants may be eclipsed.

b > mb

ar an mbóthar , as an mbus , ón mbád

c > gc

leis an gcóta, faoin gcathaoir, chuig an gcathair

d > nd

seacht ndath, i ndáiríre,

f > bhf

tríd an bhfuinneog, ar an bhfoireann, thar an bhfarraige

g > ng

faoin ngrian, as an ngloine, i nGaillimh

p > bp

ar an bpointe, tríd an bpoll, chuig an bpictiúrlann

t > dt

ocht dteach, i dtimpiste, i dtrioblóid

Nouns beginning with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u,á,é,í,ó,ú) remain unchanged. An urú is placed on nouns beginning with a consonant (except d,t or s) following: ag an

at the

leis an

with the

ar an

on the

ón

from the

as an

out of the

roimh an

before the

chuig an

to the

thar an

over the

faoin

under the

tríd an

through the

faoin ...

tríd an...

pluid - faoin bpluid

bearna - tríd an mbearna

fuinneog -faoin bhfuinneog

pluais - tríd an bpluais

Urú roimh ainmfhocal Ar an...

Leis an...

Ag an...

Capall - ar an gcapall

Fuacht - leis an bhfuacht

Páirc-spraoi - ag an bpáirc

Gruaig - ar an ngruaig

Faisean - leis an bhfaisean

Grian - ag an ngrian

ón ...

as an...

roimh an...

Clann - ón gclann

bosca - ..... as an mbosca

Cluiche - roimh an gcluiche

Gaeilge - .... ón nGaeilge

Coláiste - as an gColáiste

béile - roimh an mbeile

chuig an...

thar an...

Gealach - chuig an ngealach

Fiaclóir - chuig an bhfiaclóir

Balla - thar an mballa

Farraige - thar an bhfarraige

Aidiachtaí Sealbhacha - Possessive Adjectives Possessive adjectives are used with nouns to indicate possession Nouns following possessive adjectives often undergo change There are two types of changes 1.

Lenition – séimhiú (h)

2. Eclipse – urú

Nouns beginning with consonants. my

mo +h

bhád – chóta – dhinnéar – phíosa - theach

your

do + h

bhád – chóta – dhinnéar – phíosa - theach

his

a+h

bhád – chóta – dhinnéar – phíosa - theach

her

bád – cóta – dinnéar – píosa - teach

our

ár + urú

mbád – gcóta – ndinnéar – bpíosa - dteach

your

bhur + urú

mbád – gcóta – ndinnéar – bpíosa - dteach

their

a + urú

mbád – gcóta – ndinnéar – bpíosa - dteach

Nouns beginning with vowels. my

mo > m’

m’aois – m’ainm – m’oíche – m’uimhir

your

do > d’

d’aois – d’ainm – d’oíche – d’uimhir

his

aois – ainm – oíche – uimhir

her

a+h

haois – hainm – hoíche – huimhir

our

ár + urú

n-aois – n-ainm – n-oíche – n-uimhir

your

bhur + urú

n-aois – n-ainm – n-oíche – n-uimhir

their

a + urú

n-aois – n-ainm – n-oíche – n-uimhir

Certain phrases use the possessive adjective along with the preposition Codladh – dúiseacht – suí – seasamh – luí – cónaí Tá mé i mo

dhúiseacht – chónaí - sheasamh

Tá tú i do

dhúiseacht – chónaí - sheasamh

Tá sé ina

dhúiseacht – chónaí - sheasamh

Tá sí ina

dúiseacht – cónaí - seasamh

Tá muid inár

+ urú

ndúíseacht – gcónaí - seasamh

Tá sibh in bhur

+ urú

ndúíseacht – gcónaí - seasamh

Tá siad ina

+ urú

ndúíseacht – gcónaí - seasamh

“i”.

Ag Comhaireamh Rudaí - Counting Objects Nouns that are being counted undergo change either by adding a seimhiú or an urú. The singular form of the noun is used in counting. Nouns beginning with a consonant: One is expressed as aon _______ amháin for example aon bhliain /cheann / dath / fhreagra amháin. A séimhiú is added to nouns following 2/3/4/5/6 An urú is added to nouns following 7/8/9/10

aon +h amháin

bhliain - cheist - dath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - teach - seomra

dhá + h

bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra

trí + h

bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra

ceithre + h

bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra

cúig + h

bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra

sé + h

bhliain - cheist - dhath - fhreagra - gheansaí - mhála -phictiúr - theach - sheomra

seacht + urú

mbliain - gceist - ndath - bhfreagra - ngeansaí - mála -bpictiúr - dteach - seomra

ocht + urú

mbliain - gceist - ndath - bhfreagra - ngeansaí - mála -bpictiúr - dteach - seomra

naoi + urú

mbliain - gceist - ndath - bhfreagra - ngeansaí - mála -bpictiúr - dteach - seomra

deich + urú

mbliain - gceist - ndath - bhfreagra - ngeansaí - mála -bpictiúr - dteach - seomra

Nouns beginning with a vowel: nouns following 2/3/4/5/6 are unchanged An urú (n-) is placed before nouns following 7/8/9/10

aon ___ amháin ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir dhá

ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir

trí

ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir

ceithre

ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir

cúig

ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir

sé

ainm - éan - iasc - óstán - uimhir

seacht + n

n-ainm - n-éan - n-iasc - n-óstán - n-uimhir

ocht + n

n-ainm - n-éan - n-iasc - n-óstán - n-uimhir

naoi + n

n-ainm - n-éan - n-iasc - n-óstán - n-uimhir

deich + n

n-ainm - n-éan - n-iasc - n-óstán - n-uimhir

An tuiseal ginideach - genitive case This is another prominent feature of Gaeilge which does not exist in many other languages. It relates to nouns and how they change in certain cases. The tuiseal ginideach is not optional when speaking Gaeilge as it must be used when required. There are many rules that govern An Tuiseal Ginideach which we need not go into at this stage. Some rules of thumb are:

Masculine nouns

Feminine nouns

preceded by ‘an’

‘an’ changes to ‘na’

a séimhiu is added to nouns beginning with a consonant

no séimhiú for nouns beginning with consonant

nouns beginning with a vowel remain unchanged

nouns beginning with vowel preceded by ‘h’

‘t’’ is added to nouns beginning with a ‘s’

nouns beginning with ‘s’ remain unchanged

noun ending may change

Nouns following the prepositions chun, cois, timpeall, lár, bun, barr, tús, deireadh, and trasna are also placed in the genitive:

chun to

na Fraince

na páirce

an Fhrainc

an pháirc

na cistine

timpeall

an ghairdín

an chistin

around

an gairdín

na leabharlainne

na coille

an leabharlann

an choill

na farraige

na míosa

an fharraige

an mhí

bun / barr

an tsléibhe

tús / deireadh

an scéil

top / bottom

an sliabh

start / finish

an scéal

an foirgneamh

an tsamhraidh

an fhoirgnimh

an samhradh

An tuiseal ginideach (genitive case) Nouns following compound prepositions (a simple preposition and a noun) are placed in the genitive case.

an tí

na bliana

an teach

an bhliain

ar aghaidh

an choláiste

ar feadh

an lae

opposite

an coláiste

during

an lá

na scoile

na seachtaine

an scoil

an tseachtain

na foirne

na báistí

an fhoireann

an bháisteach

i gcoinne

an bhalla

tar éis

an ranga

against

an balla

after

an rang

an chogaidh

na hoibre

an cogadh

an obair

na tine

na trá

an tine

an trá

os cionn

an dorais

in aice

an chrainn

above

an doras

near

an crann

na leapa

na cathrach

an leaba

an chathair

na tíre

na hócáide

an tír

an ócáid

ar fud

an tseomra

le haghaidh

an chraic

all over

an seomra

for

an craic

na háite

an dinnéir

an áit

an dinnéar

An tuiseal ginideach (genitive case) Expressing quantity

go leor / beagán a lot of / a little of

rúinín / píoisín a little piece of

go leor, beagán, mórán, roinnt, tuilleadh, dóthain, neart etc ama

ime

an t-am

an t-im

airgid

tuilleadh / dóthain

an t-airgead

more / enough

aráin an t-arán

airde

suibhe

aird

an subh

cáise

céille

an cháis

an chiall

feola

an iomarca / easpa

an fheoil

to much / to little

codlata an codladh

seacláide

cainte

an tseacláid

an chaint

Nouns following the verbal noun:

ag treasnú crossing

na habhann

na cistine

an abhainn

an chistin

an bhóthair

ag scuabadh

an tseomra

an bóthar

sweeping

an seomra

na sráide

an urláir

an tsráid

an t-urlár

na feadóige

na fuinneoige

an fheadóg

an fhuinneog

ag séideadh

na tine

blowing

an tine

ag oscailt /dúnadh opening / closing

an dorais an doras

na póige

na scoile

an phóg

an scoil

An tuiseal ginideach (genitive case) To indicate possession Hata

an fhir

Carr

an fear

Cóta

na mná

an chailín

Fón

na máthar

Cathaoir an mhúinteora

Taobh

an buachaill

an dochtúra

na sráide an tsráid

Doras

an múinteoir

Mála

na hoifige an oifig

an mháthair

an cailín

Seaicéad an bhuachalla

Eochair

an t-athair

an bhean

Bróga

an athar

an tí an teach

Geataí

an dochtúír

na scoile an scoil

When two nouns come together in a sentence the second noun is usually presented in the genitive case. Teach

an asail

Raidió

an t-asal

Halla

na cathrach

Teilfís

an chathair

Bóthar

na trá

Síochána

Áras

na Gaeilge

Mí

na Nollag

Bord

Mí

na Samhna

na móna an mhóin

Cathaoir rotha

Nollaig

an tsíocháin

an Uachtaráin an tUachtarán

an Ghaeilge

an trá

Garda

na Gaeltachta an Ghaeltacht

an roth

Bealach

Samhain

éalaithe an t-éalú

When two nouns come together in a sentence the second noun is usually presented in the genitive case. Cluain

Meala

Cathair

an mhil

Béal

Easa

Abhainn na Sionainne

an t-eas

Baile

Shligigh

na Gaillimhe Gaillimh

Cill Chainnigh Cainneach

Muir

an tSionainn

Dún

Sligeach

Contae

Luimnigh Luimneach

na Bóine

Éire

Cinn

an Bhóin

Contae

Átha Cliath Áth Cliath

na hÉireann

Mhara an mhuir

Áth

Fheirdia Feirdia

Aidiachtaí - Adjectives Nouns with adjectives Adjectives usually follow the noun in Gaeilge Adjectives following masculine nouns remain unchanged A séimhiú is added to adjectives following feminine nouns

Masculine noun + adjective

Feminine noun + adjective

an fear cliste

the clever man

an bhean chliste

the clever woman

an doras mór

the big door

an fhuinneog mhór

the big window

an cóta dearg

the red coat

an bhróg dhearg

the red shoe

an t-athair maith

the good father

an mháthair mhaith

the good mother

“Níos” and “Is” are used to compare two nouns

Somtimes a different form of the djective is used after níos and is

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

láidir

níos láidre

is láidre

mór

níos mó

is mó

sciobtha

níos sciobtha

is sciobtha

beag

níos lú

is lú

ard

níos airde

is airde

níos teo

is teo

fuar

níos fuaire

is fuaire

maith

níos fearr

is fearr

daor

níos daoire

is daoire

dona

níos measa

is measa

There are two constructions to express the comparative. Tá Seán níos airde ná Pádraic

Is airde Seán ná Pádraic

Tá tusa níos sine ná mise

Is sine tusa ná mise

Tá Meiriceá níos mó ná Sasana

Is mó Meiriceá ná Sasana

Tá traein níos sciobtha ná bus

Is sciobtha traein ná bus.

Samhail The construction “chomh ...... le ......” is used to express “as ..... as a .......” Chomh salach le cró muice

As dirty as a pigsty

Chomh glan le huisce

As clean as water

Chomh mór le teach

As big as a house

Chomh beag le fríd

As small as a mite

Chomh sciobtha leis an ngaoth Mhárta

As fast as the March winds

Chomh mall le seilmide

As slow as a snail

Chomh te le tine

As hot as fire

Chomh fuar le sioc

As cold as frost

Chomh sabhair le Rí

As rich as a king

Chomh bocht le bacach sráide

As poor as a street beggar

These opposite pairs of adjectives ard / íseal, mór / beag, trom / éadrom, te / fuar, glan / salach, láidir / lag, sciobtha / mall, óg / sean, sabhair / bocht are presented online using the following format.

Cé chomh hard is atá sé?

Tá sé chomh hard leis an mballa

How tall is he / it?

He / it is as tall as the wall

Tá sioráf níos airde ná asal A giraffe is taller than a donkey

Cé acu is airde, sioráf nó asal? Which is taller, a giraffe or a donkey?

Is airde an sioráf The giraffe is tallest

Treisiú Aidiachtaí - Emphasising adjectives Sách enough

sách casta complicated enough sách díreach straight enough sách íseal low enough sách trom heavy enough

an very

an-chasta very complicated an-díreach very straight an-íseal very low an-trom very heavy

ró too

róchasta too complicated ródhíreach too straight ró-íseal too low róthrom too heavy.

Mór

sách mór

an-mhór

rómhór

mór míllteach

Beag

sách beag

an-bheag

róbheag

beag bídeach

Maith

sách maith

an-mhaith

rómhaith

sármhaith

sách te

an-te

róthe

te teolaí

Fuar

sách fuar

an-fhuar

rófhuar

Préachta fuar

Easca

sách éasca

an-éasca

ró-éasca

Éasca péasca

Sciobtha

sách sciobtha

an-sciobtha

rósciobtha

fíor-sciobtha

Mall

sách mall

an-mhall

rómhall

fíor-mhall

Gearr

sách gearr

an-ghearr

róghearr

gearr gonta

Fliuch

sách fliuch

an-fhliuch

rófhliuch

fliuch báite

Tuirseach

sách tuirseach

an-tuirseach

róthuirseach

fíor-thuirseach

Bocht

sách bocht

an-bhocht

róbhocht

beo bocht

Dáiríre

sách dáiríre

an-dáiríre

ródháiríre

dáiríre píre

Láidir

sách láidir

an-láidir

róláidir

fíor-láidir

Lag

sách lag

an-lag

rólag

fíor-lag

Leathn煤 Focl贸ra Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning a language. The more words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you hear and read; and the better you will be able to say what you want to when speaking or writing.

Most learners find that they memorise words better if they do something with them. Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning a language. The more words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you hear and read; and the better you will be able to say what you want to when speaking or writing. Learning Gaeilge means learning lots of new words. Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll probably need at least 1,500 to 2,000 words to start feeling comfortable. Most learners find that they memorise words better if they do something with them, if they use them in a real and practical way, rather than simply learning a list of vocab. In this section each themed word group has an accompanying series of tasks to help place the new words into your active vocabulary. Research shows that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions to really make a word part of your vocabulary.

100

Gaolta - Family Tree Bríd Uí Bhriain

Seán Ó Briain

Aodhán Ó Briain

Pól Ó Briain

Siobhán Uí Bhriain

Tomás Ó Briain

Pól Ó Briain

Aoife Ní Bhriain

daideo mamó garmhac gariníon

athair máthair mac iníon

Niamh Ní Bhriain

Orflaith Uí Cheallaigh

Pádraic Ó Ceallaigh

Áine Ní Cheallaigh

Seosamh Ó Ceallaigh

deaide mama deartháir deirfiúr

Uncail Aintín nia neacht

fear céile bean chéile cliamhain banchliamhain

Is é (‘sé) Seán athair Aodháin agus is é (‘sé) Aodhán mac Sheáin Is í (‘sí) Bríd máthair Shiobháin agus is í (‘sí) Siobhán iníon Bhríd. Is í (‘sí) Orflaith bean chéile Phádraic agus is é (‘sé) Pádraic fear céile Orflaith. Is í (‘sí) Niamh aintín Sheosaimh agus is e(‘se) Seosamh nia Niamh. Is é (‘sé) Pól deartháir Niamh agus is í (‘sí) Niamh deirfiúr Phóil Is é (‘sé) Seán daideo Thomáis agus is é (‘sé) Tomás garmhac Sheáin Is í (‘sí) Bríd mamó Áine agus is í (‘sí) Áine gariníon Bhríd. Is é (‘sé) Aodhán uncail Áine agus is í (‘sí) Áine neacht Aodháin

101

Stór Focal – Naming things There are 14 groups of themed word collections with each group having its own set of tasks & exercises. Topics cover food types, the weather, colours, animals, occupations, countries, clothes etc.. This sample collection deals with the parts of the face.

Baithis an bhaithis

Súil an tsúil

Mala an mhala

Cluas an chluas

Fabhra an fabhra

Leiceann an leiceann

Srón an tsrón

Muineál an muineál

Beola na beola

Smig an smig

Fiacla an fhiacail

Gruaig dhíreach an ghruaig

Gruaig chatach an ghruaig

teanga an teanga

102

Cloigeann maol an cloigeann

féasóg an fhéasóg

Stór Focal – Naming things AbairLeat! recomends learning new words as they are used in context as part of sentences. These sentences are presented in ÉIst & Taifead type exercises and can be practiced and recorded. Your reward for making the effort will be a native-like pronunciation.

Éisteann muid agus cloiseann muid leis na cluasa. Tá an bhaithis idir na malaí agus an ghruaig. Is é an smig an pointe is ísle den éadan. Tá an ceann suite ar an muineál. Faightear boladh leis an tsrón. Is iad na beola doras an bhéil. Labhraíonn duine lena theanga. Is leis na fiacla a chognaíonn muid bia. Feiceann muid lenár súile. Tá mala os cionn chaon súil ag duine. Fásann na fabhraí ar mhogall/chaipín na súl. Is ionann féachaint faoi na fabhraí ar dhuine agus féachaint i ngan fhios orthu. Tá dhá leiceann ar an éadan, ceann chaon taobh, idir an tsrón agus na cluasa. Gruaig chatach, níl sí díreach! Gruaig dhíreach, níl sí catach, fásann sí síos díreach! Cloigeann maol, níl ribe gruaige air! Bíonn/Fásann féasóg fhada bhán ar Dhaidí na Nollag.

103

Comhaireamh Bunuimhreacha - Úsáidtear na bunuimhreacha nuair nach dtagann ainmfhocail ina ndiaidh

a haon

a ceathair

a seacht

a deich

a dó

a cúig

a hocht

a haon déag

a trí

a sé

a naoi

a dó dhéag

Ag comhaireamh rudaí – ceann, péire etc...

ceann

ceithre cinn

seacht gcinn

deich gcinn

péire

cúig cinn

ocht gcinn

aon cheann déag

trí cinn

sé cinn

naoi gcinn

dhá cheann déag

Uimhreacha pearsanta - chun daoine (beirt pháistí , triú cailíní, cúigear buachaillí) agus slite beatha (beirt mhúinteoirí, triúr gardaí, cúigear imreoirí etc..) a chomhaireamh duine

ceathrar

seachtar

deichniúr

beirt

cúigear

ochtar

aon duine dhéag

triúr

seisear

naonúr

dáréag

Na hOrduimhreacha - Úsáidtear na horduimhreacha chun 1st 2nd 3rd 4th etc a léiriú. An chéad cheann

An ceathrú ceann

An seachtú ceann

An deichiú ceann

An dara ceann

An cúigiú ceann

An t-ochtú ceann

An t-aonú ceann déag

An triú ceann

An séú ceann

An naoú ceann

An dara ceann déag

104

Cén t-am anois é? am lóin

am sosa

am dinnéir

am codlata

chun a .... (an uair)

Tá sé ceathrú chun a dó

tar éis (théis*) .... (an uair)

Tá sé deich tar éis (théis*) a hocht

Tá sé fiche cúíg chun a sé

ag tarraingt ar a ... / beagnach a .....

Tá sé cúig tar éis (théis*) a haon déag

baiithe (bailí*) ... / díreach bailí* a ....

Tá sé ag tarraingt ar (beagnach) ceathrú tar éis (théis*) a naoi.

Tá sé ag tarraingt ar (beagnach) deich chun a cúig.

am imeachta

Tá sé díreach bailithe (bailí*) fiche cúig chun a ceathair.

Tá sé díreach bailithe (bailí*) deich tar éis (théis*) a seacht.

Amárach

Anuraidh

inné

Aréir

Arú anuraidh

Arú inné

Arú aréir

Inniu

Arú amárach Anocht oíche dár gcionn

An Iarnóin Croílár na hoíche

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

Breacadh an Lae

4:00

5:00

6:00

An Mhaidin

7:00

8:00

9:00

An Nóin

10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00

105

Meán Oíche An Tráthnóna

14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00

Clapsholas

An Oíche

18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00

22:00 23:00 0:00

Ag Gluaiseacht - going to / coming from Going translates as ag dul. In Conamara the verb “gabh” is used instead of the verb “téigh” and is pronounced as “a ghoil’” (ag gabháil) Coming translates as ag teacht When a person or object is stationary its location is described as – thuas / thíos / thall / thoir / thiar etc.. As the main road in Cois Fharraige runs east-west, the most common travelling description is a ghoil’ (ag dul) siar / soir - ag teacht aniar / anoir.

Ag Gluaiseacht ag dul (a ghoil’)* suas

thuas

ag teacht anuas

ag dul (a ghoil’)* síos

thíos

ag teacht aníos

ag dul (a ghoil’)* amach

amuigh

ag teacht isteach

ag dul (a ghoil’)* sall

thall

ag teacht anall

ag dul (a ghoil’)* soir

thoir

ag teacht anoir

ag dul (a ghoil’)* siar

thiar

ag teacht aniar

ag dul (a ghoil’)* ó thuaidh

ó thuaidh

ag teacht aduaidh

ag dul (a ghoil’)* ó dheas

ó dheas

ag teacht aneas

ag dul (a ghoil’)* ann

ann

ag teacht as

ag dul (a ghoil’)* go Gaillimh

i nGaillimh

ag teacht as Gaillimh

Ag tabhairt treoracha Cas ar dheis

Cas ar chlé

Cas thart

Gabh (téigh) ar aghaidh díreach

Cas ar an solas

Cas dhó an solas

Gabh (téigh) siar / soir

Tar aniar / anoir

Gabh (téigh) ó thuaidh / ó dheas

Tar aduaidh / aneas

Gabh (téigh) suas / síos

Tar anuas / aníos

Gabh (téigh) amach / isteach

Tar isteach / amach

Gabh (téigh) sall / anonn

Tar anall

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

106

Ag Gluaseacht - going to / coming from Gabh (téigh) suas – Gabh (téigh) síos

Tar anuas - Tar aníos

Is tusa Bróna

Is tusa Seán

Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* tú?

Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Seán?

Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Reics ?

Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Tibi ?

Gabh (téigh) isteach – Gabh (téigh) amach

Tar isteach - Tar amach

Is tusa Bróna

Is tusa Seán

Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh agat (a’d) ? Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Seán?

Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* tú? Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Reics? Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Bróna ?

Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) á dhéanamh ag Tibi ?

Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Reics?

Gabh (téigh) suas – Gabh (téigh) síos

Tar anuas - Tar aníos

Is tusa Bróna

Is tusa Seán

Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* tú?

Cá bhfuil (cá ‘il)* Seán?

Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) ar bun ag an mbus?

Céard atá (céar’ ‘tá) ar bun ag an rothaí?

107

Cén chaoi a n-airíonn tú? How do you feel? Describing how you are feeling or what is the matter if you are feeling unwell is a must. This lesson will help you convey your health issues as Gaeilge. Ag aireachtáil tinn

– Feeling unwell

Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú ag aireachtáil?

How are you feeling?

Cén chaoi a n-airíonn tú?

How do you feel?

Céard atá ag cur as d(h)uit?

What’s bothering you?

Airím tinn.

I feel sick.

Níl mé ag aireachtáil go maith.

I’m not feeling well.

Níl mé ar fónamh.

I’m not in a healthy state.

Cuireadh ga ionam.

I have been stung.

Tá fonn múisceadh orm.

I feel like throwing up.

Tá pian i mo bholg.

I have a pain in my stomach.

Ta tinneas cinn orm.

I have a headache.

Tá slaghdán orm.

I have a cold.

Tá scornach thinn orm.

I have a sore throat.

Tá tinneas droma orm.

I have back pain.

Tá tinneas fiacaile orm.

I have a toothache.

Níl aon ghoile agam.

I have lost my appetite.

Fuair mé dó gréine.

I was sunburnt.

Tá mé gortaithe.

I am injured.

Níl mé in ann análú.

I cannot breath.

Tá rud éicint faoi mo shúil.

I have something in my eye.

Airím lag.

I feel weak.

Bhí fuil shróine orm.

I had a nosebleed.

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Fuaimeanna a dhéanann daoine - Human sounds This lesson describes 32 everyday sounds that are made by people. The meanings for the sound discriptions are explained using audio files instead of relying on an English translation. The sound discriptions are further reinforced by associated images.

Ag sú

ag feadaíl

ag cogaint

ag seideadh

Ag méanach

ag sraothfairt

ag srannadh

ag líochán

Ag brúchtáil

ag cogarnáil

ag bromanaí

ag caoineadh

Ag gáire

ag béiceach

ag sciotaíl

ag tochas

Tá fail air.

ag screadach

ag casacht

coiscéimeanna

Ag pógadh

ag osnáil

ag sioscadh

ag dúil

Ag sliogadh

ag fual

ag plaiceadh

ag cnagadh

Ag múisceadh

cuisle

ag análú

ag bualadh bos

Sounds that convey what people are thinking. Bhí sé sin gar!

Whoops

Ní cheapaim morán de!

Pooh / pah

Faoi dheireadh!

Ah!

Tá mé fós ag éisteacht

Mm/uh-hah

Nach álainn é!

Ooh! Aah!

Nach mór an crá é!

Tch!

Gortaíonn sé!

Ouch!

An-iarracht – is beag nach bhfuair se cúl

Oooj!

Bhí sé sin dian!

Phew!

Tá sé sin scannalach.

Tch! Tch!

I ndáiríre?

Oh?

Céard sa diabhail atá á dhéanamh agat?

Hey?

Tuigim anois

ahHaa

109

Cé chomh minic? go minic go hiondúil i gcónaí - an t-am ar fad

often usually always

feasta ón lá seo amach uair sa gcéad

from now on from this day on once in a blue moon

go deo - go síoraí go deo arís go deo na ndeor

forever never again for ever and ever

ó am go ham - uaireanta de ghnáth go rialta

occasionally usually regularly

formhór an ama anois is arís go hannamh

most of the time now and then seldom

riamh riamh arís riamh cheana

ever / never ever / never again ever / never before

Cén uair a tharlóidh sé? sul i bhfad / go luath / gan mhoill i gceann uaire / seachtaine go ceann uaire / seachtaine riamh / go deo / choíche

110

before long / shortly / without delay in a weeks / hours time for a week / hour never

EAS- / ÉAG- / DÍ- / MÍ-

Cuireann brí dhiúltach ar fhocal deimhneach

Cairdeas - eascairdeas Aontas - easaontas Sláinte - easláinte

animosity disagreement unhealthy

Cóir - éagóir Cosúil - éagsúil Cothrom - éagothrom

unjust dissimilar unequal

Smacht - dísmacht Sealbhú - díshealbhú Meas - dímheas

indiscipline disposess disrespect

Cáilíocht - dícháilíocht Ciall (céillí) - díchéillí Fostaíocht - dífhostaíocht

disqualification sensless unemployment

Ceart - mícheart Cruinn - míchruinn Sásta - míshásta

wrong imprecise unhappy

Dleathach - mídhleathach Tuiscint - míthuiscint Úsáid - mí-úsáid

illegal misunderstanding abuse

111

DO- / AIN- / NEAMH-

Cuireann brí dhiúltach ar fhocal deimhneach

Sodhéanta - dodhéanta Sochreidte - dochreidte Sothuigthe - dothuigthe

Soiléir - doiléir Sofheicthe - dofheicthe Soléite - doléite Beart - ainbheart Spiorad - ainspiorad Tiarna - aintiarna Eolach - aineolach Fial - ainfhial Riail - ainriail

Urcóideach - neamhurcóideach Aird - neamhaird Ciontach - neamhchiontach

easy - impossible believable - inbelievable comprehensible - in comprehensible clear - unclear visible / obvious - invisible legible - illegible deed/ action - evil deed spirit - evil spirit lord - tyrant knowledgeable / skilled - ignorant generous/ hospitable - inhospitable order/ authority - anarchy harmful - harmless/ innocent attention - inattention guilty - innocent

Goilliúnach - neamhghoilliunach sensitive - insensitive Suim - neamhshuim interest - indifference Spleách - neamhspleách dependent - independent

112

In-

Cuireann brí dheimhneach ar fhocal

Tuig - intuigthe Ól - inólta Déan - indéanta

understandable drinkable doable

commendable Mol - inmholta Glac - inghlactha acceptable Léigh - inléite readable Creid - inchreidte Clois - inchloiste Dóigh - indóite

credible audible combustible

Feic - infheicthe Roinn - inroinnte Áireamh - ináirithe

visible devisable accounted for / booked

Intaofa Inimirce

trustworthy immigration able to

In ann

Indíreach Iniúcadh Infheistigh

indirect scrutinise investment

113

Foghraíocht Chonamara Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies. Cén chaoi a bhfuil tú? Ce’ chaoi ’bhfuil tú? Cén chaoi a bhfuil an chraic? Ce’ chaoi ’bhfuil a’ chraic? Cén chaoi an airíonn tú? Ce’chaoi a’ n-airíonn tú? Céard atá tú ag déanamh? Céard atá tú ag iarraidh? Céard atá tú a rá? Cá bhfuil tú? Cá bhfuil tú ag dul? Cá bhfuil tú anois? An bhfuil a fhios agat? Níl a fhios agam. Diabhal a fhios agam.

Céard ’tá tú a’ dhéana? Céard ’tá tú ’g iarra ? Céard ’tá tú ’rá?

Cá’il tú? Cá’il tú a ghoil? (ag gabhail) Cá’il tú ‘nis? ’Bhfuil ’is ad? Níl ‘is am / Níl ‘is ad / Níl ‘is ainn. Diabhal ‘is am

Go raibh maith agat. Gura ma a’d. Gabh (téigh) isteach / amach Go ‘steach / Go ‘mach Feicfidh mé tar éis a cúig tú. Feice mé théis a cúig thú

An bhfuil / An bhfaca / An bhfuair ? An ndearna / An ndeachaigh ?

114

’Bhfuil /’bhfaca / ’bhfuair? ’nDearna / ‘ndeacha / ‘ndúirt ?

ForAINMNEACHA rĂ&#x2030;AMHFHOCLACHA A major difference between certain Celtic languages such as Gaeilge and other languages is that simple prepositions are combined with pronouns (I, you, he ....) to form prepositional pronouns in Celtic languages.

115

As prepositional pronouns don’t have an English equivalent they need to be given careful consideration so as not to become problematic. A major difference between certain Celtic languages such as Gaeilge and other languages is that simple prepositions are combined with pronouns (I, you, he ....) to form prepositional pronouns in Celtic languages. Ag + mé > agam Do + mé > dom Ar + mé > orm Le + mé > liom Because they don’t have an English equivalent they need to be given careful consideration so as not to become problematic. They are an essential component of everyday conversation and well represented in sayings and phrases. To express emotion: Tá áthas orm / I am happy - There is happiness on me Tá ocras air / He is hungry - There is hunger on him To express possession: Tá ceann agam / I have one - There is one at me Tá cóta aige - He has a coat - There is a coat at him On successfully completing this section using prepositional pronouns as Gaeilge will become second nature to you. That’s a guarantee.

116

Pearsana Mise/mé (me*)/mo

Is mé / mise - Ní mé / mise Tá mé (me*) / mise --- Níl mé (me*) / mise Mo +h - mo chóta, mo sheans, mo pheann, mo bhróg Agamsa (a’amsa*), liomsa, domsa (dhomsa*), ormsa.

Tusa / tú / do

Is tú / tusa ... - Ní tú / tusa ... Tá tú / tusa ... - Níl tú / tusa ... Do +h - do chóta, do sheans, do pheann, do bhróg Agatsa (a’dsa*), leatsa, duitse (dhuitse*), ortsa.

Eisean / é / a

Is é / (‘sé*) - Ní hé Tá sé (se*)/ seisean --- Níl sé (se*) / seisean A +h - a chóta, a sheans, a pheann, a bhróg Aigesean, leisean, dósan (dhósan*), airsean.

Ise / í / a

Is í / (‘sí*) ... - Ní hí Tá sí / ise ... - Níl sí / ise ... A gan h - a cóta, a seans, a peann, a bróg Aicise, léise, dise , uirthise.

Muidne (muide*) / muid/ ár

Is muidne (muide*) / - Ní muidne (muide*) Tá muidne (muide*)- Níl muidne (muide*) ár + urú - ár gcótaí, ár seans, ár bpeann, ár mbróga Againne (a’ainne*), linne, dúinne (dhúinne) , orainne.

Sibhse / sibh / bhur

Is sibh / sibhse ... - Ní sibh / sibhse ... Tá sibh / sibhse ... - Níl sibh / sibhse ... bhur + urú - bhur gcótaí, bhur seans, bhur bpeann, bhur mbróga Agaibhse, libhse, daoibhse (dhaoibhse*) , oraibhse.

Iadsan / iad / a

Is iad / iadsan ... - Ní hiad / hiadsan Tá siad / siadsan ... - Níl siad / siadsan ... A + urú - á gcótaí, á seans, á bpeann, r mbróga Acusan, leosan, dóibhsean (dhóibhsean*), orthusan.

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

117

Ag Ag is combined with personal pronouns in the following manner. The forms in brackets are used to add emphasis, in the same way as the tone of the voice is changed in English. ag + mé

a’am(sa)* / agam(sa)

ag + muid

a’ainn(e)* / againn(e)

ag + tú

a’d(sa) * / agat(sa)

le + sibh

agaibh(se)

ag + sé

aige(sean)

le + siad

acu(san)

ag + sí

aici(se)

Cé aige a bhfuil an freagra? agam (a’am*) agamsa (a’amsa*)

agat (a’ad*) agamsa (a’adsa*)

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

aige aigesean

An bhfuil snámh

An bhfuil dóthain airgid fágtha Is

is fearr atá fios.

An bhfuil aithne

aici aicise

ar Thomás?

An bhfuil eolas

ar Ghaillimh?

An bhfuil an freagra ar eolas Níl mórán céille

Tá an tsláinte go maith

againn (a’ainn*) againne (a’ainne*)

Tá Fraincis agus Gearmáinis ar a thoil Fág

an leabhar.

Feicfidh mé ar ball sibh, tá gnó D’fhág sé slán Tá buntáiste

sular imigh sé.

agaibh agaibhse

orainn, tá siad níós airde ná muid.

Bíodh an fheamainn Tá cruinniú

daoibh.

, níl ionat ach amadán. acu acusan

leis an bpríomhoide.

Caithfidh siad málaí a bheith

amárach.

118

Ag Aithne ar dhaoine to know / recognise people (not things/places) Fios ar rudaí to know things (not people or places) Eolas ar áiteanna to have knowledge of places (not people / things)

An bhfuil aithne agat air? An bhfuil eolas agat ar Ghaillimh? An bhfuil a fhios agat an freagra?

Do you know him? Do you know Gaillimh? Do you know the answer?

An bhfuil snámh agat? An bhfuil do dhóthain agat? An bhfuil Fraincis agat?

Can you swim? Have you enough? Do you speak French?

Fág agamsa é. Is agat is fearr atá fios. Sin agat anois é.

Leave it to me. You know best. That’s it now.

Bhí agat é a dhéanamh. Tuilleadh an diabhail agat! Tá tú agam anois.

You should do it. Good enough for you I have / understand you now.

Tá súil agam. Tá an ceart agam. An baile sin againne!

I hope. I’m right. Our own village.

Bíodh ciall agat. Biodh an diabhal agat! Bíodh misneach agat.

Have sense Go to hell Be confident

119

Le Le is combined with personal pronouns in the following manner. The forms in brackets are used to add emphasis, in the same way as the tone of the voice is changed in English.

le + mé

liom(sa)

le + muid

linn(e)

le + tú

leat(sa)

le + sibh

libh(se)

le + sé

leis(ean)

le + siad

leo(san)

le + sí

léi(se)

An cara

í?

An bhfuil tú ag siúl amach Ní cuimhin An

leat leatsa

leis leisean

atá tú ag caint? an cluiche a bhuachaint?

Ar mhaith

dul chuig an trá?

Tá deartháir

ag teacht ar chuairt.

Dia go deo

, tá obair mhaith déanta.

Cuirfidh mé geall

go mbeidh an bua agam.

an car dearg.

Éireoidh

An cuimhin

léi léise

linn linne

na ceisteanna go léir a fhreagairt.

Labhair an múinteoir go crosta

. libh libhse

céard a thárla?

Cé acu is fearr

Cé a dúirt nach féidir An miste

liom liomsa

an uimhir theileafóin.

Ar éirigh

Cé leis an cóta/na cótaí?

é a dhéanamh?

cabhrú liom? leo leosan

120

Le An dtaitníonn sé leat? Do you like / enjoy it? An ritheann sé leat? Does it occour to you Does it occour to you An réitíonn sé leat. Is cuma liom = ní miste liom I don’t care - mind Is miste liom = ní cuma liom I care - mind Is fada liom. I cannot wait.

Rith sé liom. Réitím go maith leis. Taitníonn sé liom.

it occurred to me we get on well. I like / enjoy it

Dia go deo leat! Ar aghaidh leat! Bailigh leat!

Well done! off you go get lost

Tá ciall leis. Tá mé ag tnúth leis. Tá mé tógtha leis.

It makes sense I’m looking forward to. I’m impressed by it.

Tá mé ar aon intinn leat. Tagaim leat. Glacaim leis.

I’m of the same opinion as you I agree with you. I accept it.

An féidir leat? An fearr leat? An cuimhin leat?

Can you? Do you prefer? Do you remember?

121

do Do is combined with personal pronouns in the following manner. The forms in brackets are used to add emphasis, in the same way as the tone of the voice is changed in English.

do + mé

dhomsa(sa)* / dom(sa)

Ag + muid

Dhúinn(e) / dúinn(e)

do + tú

dhuitse(se) * / duitse(sa)

le + sibh

dhaoibhse(se) / daoibh(se)

do + sé

dhó(ean)* / dósan

le + siad

dhóibh(sean) / dóibh(sean)

do + sí

di(se)

* Spoken Gaeilge in Conamara differs in some instances from the standard form. Abair leat highlights the most frequently used discrepancies.

Ar thug sí

. .

an ceann seo.

Tugann múinteoirí comhairle mhaith Is cóir

Is fiú

do dhícheall a dhéanamh.

Lá breithe sona

Is méanar

dúinn (dhúinn*) dúinne (dhúinne*)

na cártaí agus beartáin uilig?

Thug bean an tí aire mhaith

Is eol

dó (dhó*) dósan (dhósan*)

na litreacha seo.

Caithfear aire a thabhairt

duit (dhuit*) duitse (dhuitse*)

di dise

Cheannaigh me bronntanas

dom (dhom*) domsa (dhomsa*)

an leabhar?

Tugadh bualadh bos mór Is

Cé dó (dhó*) an litir?

daoibh (dhaoibh*) daoibhse (dhaoibhse*)

. an scéal. é.

dóibh (dhóibh*) dóibhsean (dhóibhsean*)

é a dhéanamh.

Ba chóir

é a rá.

B’éigean

imeacht.

122

do Cheannaigh sé dúinn (dhúinn*)é. He bought it for us Chan sí daoibh (dhaoibh*) é. She sang it for you Réitigh sé dóibh (dhóibh*) é. He prepared it for them Lig sé dom (dhom*). Gheall sé dom (dhom*). Chuaigh sé go maith dom (dhom*).

He allowed me - let me be He promised me It went well for me

Nach cuma duit (dhuit*)! Ba chóir duit (dhuit*). B’fhearr duit (dhuit*).

It’s none of your business. You should. It’s advisable that you.

Is fíor duit (dhuit*). Is méanar duit (dhuit*). Is fiú duit (dhuit*)é.

True for you. It’s well for you It’s worth your while.

B’éigean dom. (dhom*) Feictear dom (dhom*) Go bhfios dom (dhom*).

I had to. It seems to me ... As far as I know

Maith dom (dhom*)é. Tabhair dom (dhom*)é Inis dom (dhom*) é.

Forgive me Give it to me. Tell it to me.

Tá sé ag dul duit (dhuit*). Déanfaidh mé gar duit (dhuit*). Is duitse é (dhuit*).

You deserve it. I will do you a favour Its for you.

123

Ar Ar is combined with personal pronouns in the following manner. The forms in brackets are used to add emphasis, in the same way as the tone of the voice is changed in English.

ar+ mé

orm(sa)

ar + muid

orainn(e)

ar + tú

ort(sa)

ar + sibh

oraibh(se)

ar + sé

air(sean)

ar + siad

orthu(san)

ar + sí

uirthi(se)

Cuir Ar theip

do chóta báistí.

An bhfuil fonn

dul chuig an trá?

An bhfuil áthas

Leanaigí

Bhí An raibh tuirse Bhí díocas An mbíonn faitíos

orainn orainne

trí mhíle a shiúl gach lá. , tá sibh ag déanamh thar cionn.

An raibh díomá Bail ó Dhia

uirthi uirthise

a bhí an t-ádh!

Cén praghas atá Bíonn

ort ortsa

Tá slaghdán

Nach

orm ormsa

air airsean

sa scrúdú?

An nglaofaidh tú

Cé air a bhfuil an lucht?

leis an scéal? ! éirí ar a seacht ar maidin.

oraibh oraibhse

tar éis an turais? i leith na hoibre. sa dorchadas?

124

orthu orthusan

Ar Tá an locht ort. Tá an t-ádh ort. Tá an cháil ort.

You pretend You’re lucky You have a (the) reputation

Lig ort féin Tá ort (é a dhéanamh). Coinnigh / Lean ort.

You pretend You have to do it. Keep it up

Bhí dul amú orm. Theip orm. Glaoigh orm.

I was mistaken I failed call me

Droch-rath ort. Cac an diabhail ort. Scread asail ort.

May you have bad luck. Bad luck to you! Bad luck to you!

Tá orainn.. Go bhfóire Dia orainn! Tá slaghdán orm.

We have to .... God help us! I have a cold.

Ar fheabhas! Ar iasacht Ar iarraidh

Ar m’anam Ar aon nós Ar buile

excellent on loan missing

upon my soul anyway very angry

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Mothúcháin

Ta díomá air.

Tá drogall air.

Tá ocras orthu.

Tá tart air.

Tá tuirse uirthi.

Tá fearg orthu.

Tá faitíos air.

Tá áthas air.

Tá imní air.

Tá sé dubh dóite ag an díomá.

Tá sé spalptha leis an tart.

Tá sé ag crith le heagla.

Níl sé leis.

compordach

Tá sí traochta.

Ta ríméad an domhain air.

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Tá siad stiúgtha.

Tá siad gal.

cean-

Tá sé ciaptha leis an imní.

Mothúcháin

Tá ionadh uirthi.

Tá amhras air.

Tá buairt uirthi.

Tá déistin uirthi.

Tá éad air.

Tá aiféala air.

Tá uaigneas air.

Tá sceitimíní air.

Tá díocas air. Fág an bealach.

Tá ionadh an domhain uirthi.

Ní thaitníonn sé ar chor ar bith léi.

Tá sé as fhéin.

Ní sé cinnte faoi.

Tá sé éadmhar.

Tá sé ar bís.

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Tá sí thíos inti féin.

Tá brón air faoina rinne sé.

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SaibhriĂş Teanga Gaelic culture similar to other major cultures, has age -old memorable phrases, proverbs and sayings about matters that were deemed important to society. These expressive words of wisdom offer advice of practical value in the form of short easily-remembered phrases and are of great importance to any language.

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Seanfhocail Gaelic proverbs are called “seanfhocail” – literally means “old words”. These soundbites of knowledge have been passed down for generations and offer excellent advice as well as being interesting learning materials.

Tréanna

Beannachtaí / Mallachtaí

Logainmneacha

Triads (three together) – using arrangements of threes to encapsulate certain ideas. This form can be seen in 9th century manuscripts.

Irish blessings, greetings and curses are world famous. The words beannacht / mallacht derive from the Latin- benedictio (bene – good, dictio – talk) and maledictio ( bad – malicious talk)

The study of place names demonstrates an inextricable link with the language. The vast majority of placenames from county to town to parish to town lands along with geographical features are either Irish-language names or derived from an earlier Gaelic version.

Also covered in this section are: Tomhais: Riddles Rabhlóga: Tongue twisters Moladh – cáineadh: Praising and admonishing If you want your Gaeilge to sound natural, a good way to start is to work with authentic sentences. This ensures that the Gaeilge you are learning is really used and not something just out of a textbook.

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Tréanna - Triads The use of the triad form (arrangement into threes) to encapsulate certain ideas was particularly popular in the literatures of Celtic-speaking areas. A famous collection dating back to the 9th century covered a variety of topics, such as nature, geography, law, custom and behaviour.

Here are some samples: Na trí bhall den chorp is éasca a ghortú:

Na trí rud is deacra a thoghadh:

An ghlúin,

Bean,

an uillinn,

agus an tsúil

bó bhán,

capall

Na trí tréithe a bhaineas le hól:

Na trí rud is suntasaí: Bean bhreá,

rásúr,

agus teach ar ard

É a ól,

é a íoc,

é a iompar

Na trí bhreac is sciobtha sa bhfarraige:

Trí rud nach féidir a fhoghlaim:

Rón,

Fonn,

roc

agus ronnach

féile

Trí rud nach dtagann meirg orthu:

Trí rud nach féidir a cheilt:

Crú capaill,

Tart,

teanga mná, airgead sagairt.

Trí bhua an chait: Dearmad bhean an tí,

siúl gan torann,

Súil gabha i ndiaidh an tairne

agus grá

Trí rud nach bhfágann rian: radharc géar sa dorchadas.

Éinín ar an gcraobh,

Na trí shúil is géire: Súil circe i ndiaidh an ghráinne

tochas

agus filíocht

breac ar an linn,

is grá mná ar chroí fir.

Na trí rud is measa amuigh; Súil ógmhná i ndiaidh a grá ghil.

Béal searbh,

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intinn bhuartha

agus póca folamh

Seanfhocail 1

Ar scáth a chéile a mhaireann na daoine

Is fear an tsláinte na ná táinte

Is fear rith maith ná drochshesaamh.

Éist le fuaim na habhann agus gheobhfaidh tú breac

Céard a dhéanfadh mac an chait ach luch a mhárú

Is minic a bhíonn ciúin ciontach

Is binn béal ina thost

Cuir síoda ar ghabhar ach is gabhar i gcónaí é

Filleann an feall ar an bhfeallaire

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Seanfhocail 1

Is túisce deoch na scéal

Mol an óige agus tiocfaidh sí

Ná fág an sionnach i mbun na ngéanna

Ní dhéanfaidh an saol capall rása d’asal

Ní eitlíonn cuileog i mbéal dúnta

Ní mhealltar an sionnach faoi dhó

Ní neart go cur le chéile

Níl aon tinteán mar do thinteán fhéin

Giorraíonn bóthar.

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beirt

Seanfhocail 2

ciaróg

Ní uasal ná íseal ach thuas seal ‘is thíos seal

Bíónn siúlach scéalach

Bíonn blas ar an mbeagán

Briseann an dúchas trí shúile an chait

Múineann gá seift

Is trom an t-ualach an leisce

An rud is annamh is iontach

Is maith an t-anlann an t-ocras

Aithníonn ciaróg eile

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Seanfhocail 2

Ní bhíonn saoi gan locht.

An rud nach féidir ní féidir é.

Ní thagann ciall roimh aois

Nuair a bhíonn an bolg lán is maith leis na cnámha síneadh

Nuair a bhíonn an bhraon istigh bíonn an chiall amuigh.

Is fearr cairde ná ór

An rud is gaire don chroí is gaire don bhéal

Tús maith leath na hoibre

Is maith an scéalaí an aimsir

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Tomhais

Droichead ar loch gan mhaide gan chloch.

Chomh hard le balla, chomh dearg le fuil, chomh bán le sneachta, chomh milis le mill.

Cén rud a bhíonn ag corraí agus ag corraí agus nár chorraigh riamh as an áit.

Filleann sé ón sliabh de ló ‘s d’oíche ach ón machaire mín ní fhilleann sé choíche.

Céard atá ag duine nach féidir leis a choinnéail ach nóiméad amháin.

Tá sé ann ó thús ama agus níl sé ach mí d’aois.

Chomh bán le sneachta, chomh glas le féar, chomh dearg le fuil agus chomh dubh le simléar.

Dá aosta a bheadh sé is ea is lú a éireoidh sé.

Tá súil mhór amháin aige ach ní fheiceann sé aon rud léi.

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Tomhais

Chaith mé suas é chomh bán le bainne agus tháinig sé anuas chomh buí le hór.

Trí chois nach siúlann. Clab mór nach ndúnann.

Teachtaire beag ó theach go teach agus fanann sé amuigh san oíche.

Deatach sa ngleann agus gan aon splanc ann.

Céard nach foláir duit a choinneáil tar éis é a thabhairt uait.

Cén rud is mó a ritheann gan chosa ?

Dá mhéad a bhaintear as is ea is mó a éiríonn sé.

Tá sé ort agus ní trom leat é?

Cén tsúil nach bhfeiceann agus cén teanga nach labhraíonn?

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Beannachtaí Irish blessings, greetings and curses are world famous. The word beannacht derives from the latin- benedictio – (bene – good, dictio – talk)

Go méadaí Dia do stór - Nuair a thugann duine rud duit Nár laga Dia thú - Nuair a thugann duine cúnamh duit. Go gcuití Dia leat e - Nuair a dhéanann duine gar duit.

Dia idir sinn agus an anachain Go bhfóire Dia orainn - Nuair a chloisfeá drochscéal I bhfad uainn an anachain - Nuair a chloisfeá drochscéal

Go dtuga Dia slán abhaile thú - Le duine ag dul ar aistear fada. Go n-éirí an bóthar leat. - Le duine ag dul ar aistir bóthair. Go dtéigh tú slán - Le duine a bhí ag fágáil

Go maire sibh bhur nuaíocht - Le lánúin nuaphósta. Go maire tú is go gcaithe tú é. - Le duine a cheannódh rud nua. Go maire tú an céad - Le duine ar a breith lá.

Bail ó Dhia ort / ar an obair. - le duine a bheadh i mbun oibre. Go mba hé duit! - An freagra ar “Bail ó Dhia ort” Go raibh (míle) maith agat! - Thanks

Dia linn. - Le duine a bhí ag sraothfairt. Go ngnóthaí Dia dhuit! Agus tú ag fágáil slán ag duine. Dia go deo leat - Ag moladh duine

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Mallachtaí We normally hear about Irish blessings, but they were famous irish curses as well. Be careful with curses. They can come back to you. The word mallacht derives from the Latin maledictio ( bad – malicious, dictio – talk)

Titim gan éirí ort. Múchadh agus bá ort. Loscadh agus dó ort.

Imeacht gan teacht ort. Go n-imí an drochaimsir leat. Droch-rath ort.

Ná raibh tú ann ar maidin. Mo sheacht mallacht ort. Go dtachta an diabhal thú.

Nár chuireadh Dia an t-ádh ort! Go n-ithe an cat thú, is go n-ithe an diabhal an cat! Marbhfháisc ort!

An eascainí chéanna ort fhéin! Mallacht Chromail ort! Scread mhaidne ort!

Gabh suas ort fhéin! Gabh i dtigh Diabhail Freig soir thú agus an bád a thóg anoir thú

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Moladh - Téarmaí Ceanna Saying terms of endearment as Gaeilge will mean so much more to the person for which they are intended. These love phrases as Gaeilge should help you express your feelings to your special somebody.

Togha fir - togha cailín An-fhear - an-chailín tu féin Rinne tú thar cionn - thar barr

the best of / excellent good man/girl yourself you did very well

Mo ghrá go deo thú! Well done (My love forever) Scaoil amach an pocaide! Well done (Let out the billy goat) Fair play dhuit! Well done (Fair play to you)

Mo cheol thú! Fáinne óir ort! Tréaslaím leat

You Are My Music A gold ring on you I commend you

Terms of Endearment A / mo chroí My sweetheart A /mo mhúirnín My Dear A stóirín My Darling A stór mo chroí My Heart’s Beloved A mhaicín mhuirneach My loving affectionate son A mhac bán My fair-haired son A ghrá ghil My Bright Love Mo mhíle grá You are my thousand loves A chuisle (mo chroí) You are my heartbeat. Grá mo chroí thú! You are the love of my heart. A Thaisce My treasure Is liomsa mo ghrá My beloved is mine Tá cion agam dhuit, I have affection for you Tá mé i ngrá leat! I love you Bheith i bpian an ghrá. To be lovesick Is breá liom thú I really like you

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Moladh - Cáineadh Is crá croí t(h)ú. Is pian sa tóin t(h)ú. Is cloigeann cipín t(h)ú.

You are a terrible nuisance You are a pain in the ass You are a featherhead

Tá sifil ort. Tá scail ort. Tá lúb ar lár ort.

You are dotty You have lost the run of yourself You aren’t the full shilling

A shuaracháin petty / mean / contempible person A straoiseacháin grinner / grimacer A shlíbhín sleaze-ball

A phleota! you idiot A phleidhce! you messer A cheoláin! you dimwit

A amhais A alpaire A shlíomadóir!

you savage you glutton you slimeball

Ag caint cacamais! Ag baothchaint Ag caint seafóide - ag caint ráiméise

talking bullshit. foolish talk talking nonsense

A chacsmuitín you gobshite A raicleach you hussy A smaoiseacháin you snot A scubaide you hussy

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Logainmneacha (Placenames)

The placenames of Ireland are both ancient and interesting. Many of them come from a time when Gaeilge was spoken by a large majority of the population throughout the country and, containing both a wealth of knowledge and heritage, they are an important part of our culture. Many placenames were anglicised during the 19th century based on the words’ sound rather than meaning and, as a result, much of the sense and meaning was lost in translation. To find the original meaning of a placename, it is necessary to look at the original version as Gaeilge rather than the anglicised version. Many placenames can be grouped as follows: • Places where people lived, e.g. dún, ráth, caiseal… • Description of the land, e.g. corcach, brí, cluain, ard… • Names of trees, e.g. beith, iúr, eo, dair… • Religious names e.g. cill, domhnach, teampall… • Description of the countryside e.g. lug, rinn, ros… • Roads and paths e.g.bealach, slí, bóthar… • Rivers and features of rivers e.g. béal, eas, gabhal, áth…

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Logainmneacha (Placenames)

abhainn

river

droim, druim

ridge

achadh

field

dún

fort

aill, faill

cliff

each

horse

alt, ard

high land, height

eaglais

church

aonach

fair

eanach

áth

ford, river crossing

marsh, boggy ground

baile

town, townland

faiche

grassy land or plot

barr

top, summit

fearann

land

beag, beg

small

fraoch

heather

béal, bun bealach bearna binn brí caiseal, cathair caisleán caladh carn carraig cath ceann/cionn ceapach cill clár clochán

river mouth

gabhal

river fork garden

cluain cnoc coill craobh dair domhnach

meadow

garraí glas, glaise gort inis leac leath leithinis leitir lios loch machaire, má mainistir muileann mullach oileán páirc poll ráth rinn rua sí, sídh sliabh teach

path, way, pass gap peak hill circular stone fort castle port, harbour stack of stones rock battle headland planted ground church flat, level ground stepping stones or stone beehive hut hill wood branch oak church

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green, grey, stream field island flat stone or rock half peninsula hillside ring fort lake plain, flat land monastery mill hilltop, high land island field hole, pool earthen ring fort point, headland red, red place fairy mound mountain

house

Rabhlóga

Rug rón liath ar roc leathan rua.

Sionnach sleamhain slioctha ag seilg sicín séimh socair.

Fástar fataí fada feoite go fairsing le feamainn.

Ná bac le mac an bhacaigh ‘is ní bhacfaidh mac an bhacaigh leat.

Cheannaigh cailín cliste ceanúil císte clasach cearnach.

Tá neascóid ar ioscaid an easpaig!

Cearc uisce i mbarr uisce ag plobáil ‘is ag plabáil. Cé a déarfadh naoi n-uaire é gan anáil a tharraingt.

Gé roimh ghé, gé i ndiaidh gé agus gé idir dhá ghé. Cé

Meicneoir mear meanmnach ag méachan meacan i Muiceannach.

mhéad gé é sin?

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