1
2
Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
p04
Introduction
p15
Goals and Objectives
p25
Research
p41
Methodology
p49
Audience/Markets
p55
Lenses
p81
Looking Forward
p85
Footnotes
p89
Bibliography 3
4
01 Introduction
5
6
01 Introduction
My thesis is about emphasizing “Designed in China” drawing on the cliché “Made in China”. As a Chinese student in an international department where students come from different countries, such as Indian, Tukey, Mexica and Korea - I have always been a good messenger for cultural exchanges between China and the United States. I want to share Chinese culture with foreigners who are interested in China both in the class and outside the school. At the same time, I am always considering how I can make a bridge between China and the world? How can I mix Chinese lifestyles with global design?
7
8
9
It is urgent for me to seek ways to combine traditional Chinese wisdom with an international orientation. For my thesis, I will combine digital and physical as a design method to create a series of interactive objects or platform. After I had interviewed different types of people, I found that Chinese designers always use elements from Ancient China, some of which are no longer appreciated by the majority of Chinese people. So, I need to design a series of products that can show Chinese behaviors now. According, I chose a theme “lucky culture� which is from the ancient China, but is still used by Chinese people today. The reason I chose this topic that I am an emotional person, I will feel bad when I get number four which means dead in Chinese. Before I came to America to study, my mom gave me a lot of protective talismans and bracelets that can give me good luck!
10
So, I want to use my emotional power to smooth Chinese people`s psychology. There are four types of lucky around Chinese people now. 1. Object luck, Chinese people regard if a big spider shows up at someone`s house that means they will be lucky in the future. 2. Behavior luck, Chinese people will pray in the some festivals. Eg: They will receive lucky money in Chinese new year. 3. Language luck. When people meet Chinese people, they should always say a lucky word for them, like “Have a good day ” which is said in American 4. Number luck. The Chinese regard four are dead, because the same pronunciation of “dead”in Chinese.
11
Object luck
Behavior luck 12
Number luck
According to the Psychology of Chinese people who always pursue luck, I want to design a series of products to help Chinese people prevent unlucky things. And when the American people interact with the products, and they will engage more with the Chinese culture.
13
14
02
Goals and Objectives
15
16
02 Goals and Objectives
There is no denying the fact that The Made in China label is one of the most recognizable labels in the world today.[1] Since I started to learn Industrial Design in my undergraduate, I am interested in design rooted in Chinese culture, and in changing the perception of Chinese products from “Made in China” to “Created in China.” There are a lot of beautiful and meaningful stories behind ancient Chinese delicate objects, I want to derive the unique ideology and philosophy which is all about the Chinese way of thinking, how this ancient object is related to my modern product design.
17
For instance, the following is one of my design work I designed in undergraduate, two forms of the traditional Chinese rose chair: You Yi Wu Kao (girl) (the back of the chair is hollow which means she has to depend on nobody but herself) and You Yi You Kao (wife) (the back of the chair has something support which means she can depend on somebody). At the same time, the ring can be divided into two kinds of rings. They signify: girlhood and marriage. (When the girl becomes an adult, her mother will give her a silver ring without a diamond. Until the day the girl was engaged, her fiance will embed the same ring with a diamond.) Because the material of the ring is silver, unique and flexible, it can be embedded with a diamond.
18
19
As a designer, I witnessed how my country developed. I visited many countries, like Finland, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Japan. But there are always numerous objects with "Made in China" label. People always associate these objects with low price and low quality. There is no denying that China is a significant manufacturing country, but, we also have a fantastic design power. I redesigned the "Made in China "label to let people realized our design power. China has five thousand years of cultural histories; making delicate objects is our philosophy. I put the Chinese traditional cultural pattern on each label to make a subtle label. And behind each design there is a story that encourages people to pay attention to Chinese design power through the graceful label. People can scan the QR code which on the lab People can scan the QR code which on the label to access the story and designed product.
20
21
When we look at the Hermes and BOTTEGA VENETA`s bags, we cannot overlook the fact that Italians spent considerable time and efforts making such delightful bags. Instead of offering a plain "Made in China" label, I used an elegant redesigned "Made in China" label. The beautiful label can help to promote a product`s value, too. In order to change the thoughts of America people, the first step is to amend the crude label. I try to upend the notion that ‘Made in China’ means cheap, mass-produced design.
22
During my study in the United States, I have asked numerous people that what they thought of the phrase "Made in China". Their answer is always that products are cheap and have bad quality. I ask them if they know anything about Chinese design, and they all tell me, “Sorry, I cannot tell anything� that makes me feel bad. Last semester, Professor Paola Antonelli, the Senior Curator in the Museum of Modern Art, showed us around MoMA. Sadly, no any Chinese design works have been collected in MoMA. Also, we still do not have any design museum in China. I am studying in New York City, and not many can tell me what Chinese design style is. Unlike Japanese design style or Scandinavian design style that people can easily recognize and can say " This is Japanese style."
23
24
03 Research
25
26
03 Research
My research contains insights from interviewing with numerous subject matter experts, reviewing academic Chinese cultural papers and text books. With the question, "What has happened with our Chinese design?" I started to do the research. Does our government not consider our design power? The answer is no, and our government dictated that the innovation must be a priority in 2000. Is our design education not good enough? The answer is no, too. The country is trying to move from "Made in China" to "Designed in China," and many believe that design education is a part of that equation. There are more than 400 programs in China right now, with an estimated 10,000 designers graduating every year.[3] One of the reasons why people cannot tell what Chinese design is because China is a vast territory. China is administratively divided into 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, 4 centrally administrative municipalities and 2 special administrative regions.[4] We have 55 minority groups, and each Ethnic group has a different culture. Even amongst Mainland Chinese, there also exist cultural differences between different
27
regions.[4] Because Japan is a homogeneous society, you can tell what the exact Japanese style is. It is hard to explain how complicated Chinese culture is, so I will use food as an example to show the diversity of Chinese cuisine. Meanwhile, during the research, “What is Chinese contemporary design?” people ask me what it represents a Chinese design, the “Ming Chair ” always comes to my mind first. When people allow me to give more examples that show Chinese design, I always can tell objects from the ancient time. Old is not bad, and the crucial thing is how can I design the old stuff with contemporary methods to adapt to today`s life? China is a country with a long history, the Chinese designers are proud of our Chinese culture, and they love to use the ancient Chinese elements to design things. The question is, does the “old” thing still apply to the people? Our ancestors create the object just for the society in the old time. The timing is changing, it is necessary for our Chinese designers to develop products based on the daily life of today. For example, there is always has a pit wall in the corner of the buildings in Hongcun. This is the wisdom of Ancient Chinese people that leave space in order to let the carriage make a turn
28
easily, also for the pedestrian, leaving more space to let them move freely. In this case, Design is confined in the narrow spaces of academic curricula, professional associations, conferences and such circles.[5] This means it is very difficult for a design event to provide the impetus for a virtuous circle involving different types of media . In China, design is mostly regarded as an academic matter. In the eye of ordinary Chinese people, designers might be �cool.� They think the design events or design products are the cool things which is far away from their life. In China, the designers tend to create products based on cool and beautiful products instead of creating the products for people`s needs in their daily life. The Design Week in Italy is a social event, meant to gather and connect different social circles. In involves electronic concerts for students, academic lectures for universities, fairs, corporate events, etc.[5] Design embraces many different fields and personalities. I have been invited to North European to share my design ideas, and I found that the chairs in the public areas in Northern Europe are much more aesthetically pleasing than in China. In China, these kinds of furniture are only in luxury design stores, labeled with "Don`t touch, don`t sit". The luxury items of China are affordable and more easily accessible to everyday people get involved with Northern Europe. The big challenge in China currently is how can let more Chinese people involve the design area, also let the design products be more affordable to them.
29
China is at a crucial stage in its development, where economic growth and rapid social transformation[6]- China's staggering GDP growth rate of 9.1%* and its emerging 1.3 billion people market (almost 5 times the size of the U.S. population)[4] - is generating a growing self-awareness. However, China’s Shan Zhai – the Chinese term used to describe the culture and practice of producing fake and imitation products, services[7] and brand culture – is well-known all over the world. As far as I`m concerned, a culture of innovation will be good for China, good for Chinese businesses and good for global companies engaging with China. For the markets in China, it has been said that China can be viewed as having at least 30 different markets. On the contrary, In China, design is mostly regarded as an academic matter. In the eye of ordinary Chinese people, designers might be ”cool.” They think the design events or design products are the cool things which is beyond their means. In China, the designers tend to create products based on cool and beautiful concepts instead of creating the products for people`s needs in their daily life. Traditional Chinese character(s) which are the original complex form of a simplified Chinese character is one of the two standard character sets of the contemporary Chinese written language.[8] The latter refers to simplifications to character "structure" or "body". Character forms that have existed for thousands of years alongside regular, more complicated forms become less complex.[9] The left word side is a simplified Chinese character - “listening”, the right word is the traditional Chinese character-“listening”. For the simplified Chinese character, there is a radical ”mouth” which means we just use a mouth to listen. However, for these traditional Chinese characters, there are three components，耳 which means “ear”, 目，mean ”eye”, 心 mean“heart”. In all, we use our ears, eyes, and hearts to listen.
30
After this simplification, we lost an important part from the meaning of “listening�. From my perspective, I regard the process of simplifying traditional characters to less complex ones as a design process. Lately, China has gone through rapid development of industry, but not without some problems. For example, due to the intense competition between international and domestic corporations, everyone is trying to be the first one to release a new product. And that's why less and less time is given for design and market research, and inevitably, some products will not fit the demands of the market and fail. Some corporations may even skip the part of designing, and go directly to imitation. In the Chinese design company angle, Xiaomi, the Chinese smartphone company, is the most popular word that people will talk about nowadays in China, which only began research and design in 2010. Xiaomi has operated with a simple value proposition: sell phones better than domestic competitors at prices far below foreign competitors.[10] However, Apple company takes time to research their product development while Xiaomi focuses on making cheap items quickly. So, regarding the design process, we can`t be too simplified, we can`t get rid of essential components in our rush to simplify.
31
Chun Chun
Senior Softgood Designer, Scott Adam Designs, Inc.
Ruibin Chen
Account Executive, SinoVision Inc.
Xiaoliang Quan
Designer, Pinwu/ Student, UIUC
Jennifer van der Meer
 Marilynn Davis Managing Director, Dachis Group
CEO in strategy, operations and new business development
Elan Cole

John Maeda
Mariana Amatullo
Sinclair Smith
Partner, Kleiner Perkins Caufied & Byers
Executive director, Designmatters
32 32
Creative Directorco, collective LLC
Principal, SS&Co/ Faculty at SVA
Ella Huang
Faculty, Columbia College Chicago
Eric Chan
President, Ecco Design
Alexandra Dymowska Steve Chucovich Senior Creative Designer, General Motors
Manager, BuroHappold Engineering
Rob Walker
John Thackara
Author, Yahoo! Tech/ Faculty at SVA
Founder, The Doors of Perception
3333
During my journey for thesis, I have met and had the chance to talk to experts. Chinese who live in the US, are familiar with both Chinese and American culture. Foreigners who have a lot of experience with Chinese culture and Foreign design masters who are unfamiliar with Chinese culture
Xiaoliang Quan
Designer, Pinwu/ Student, UIUC
Quanxiao Liang, Designer at Pin Wu Studio, which was founded in 2008 by Domus Academy graduate ZhangLei to create products that marry traditional Chinese craft culture with a contemporary design aesthetic in what he terms, "Future Tradition." Upon meeting Christoph John (German-born and a fellow Domus graduate) and Jovana Bogdanovic (Serbian-born product designer) three years ago in Milan, the three found a kinship in their perspective on design and soon John and Bogdanovic moved to China to join Zhang at PINWU Studio. [11] Xiaoliang Quan said that China is a vast territory, we have55 minority groups, each minority group has a different culture. Even amongst mainland China, there also exist cultural differences and different regions. Unlike the Japanese,who are all considered the Yamato people. You can always tell what is a Japanese style.met and had the chance to talk to experts. Chinese who live in the US, are familiar with both Chinese and American culture. Foreigners who have a lot of experience with Chinese culture and Foreign design masters who are unfamiliar with Chinese culture.
34
Rob Walker is an American author and freelance journalist. He is a contributing writer to The New York Times Magazine and blogger for Design Observer. He is also the former "Consumed" columnist for the New York Times Magazine, and coined the word "murketing."[12]
Rob Walker
Author, Yahoo! Tech/ Faculty at SVA
He told to me that you should forget what you know about China and start to ask different people what they think about Chinese Design and encourage people to tell me what they are thinking. You should challenge the people who don`t care much about Chinese design and sell it short, and convince them.
35
John Maeda is a Japanese-American graphic designer, computer scientist, academic, and author. His work in design, technology and leadership explores the area where the fields merge. He was the President of the Rhode Island School of Design from 2008 to 2013. He is currently a Design Partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers.[13]
John Maeda
Partner, Kleiner Perkins Caufied & Byers
He said that I think what`s great is tell me look at thing new system. Many Chinese system are more advance then people think. Many Chinese social networks have more features than American ones. China copies other country's ideas, but they are very innovative, even though they copy. Also, People can`t hear you until you hear them. listen other people`s ideas.
36
Sinclair Smith
Principal, SS&Co/ Faculty at SVA
Sinclair Smith is a Brooklyn-based designer and consultant. He takes on a range of projects for his clients, who include Disney, Anomaly, PSFK, BMW, Samsung, Target, Staple Design/ Reed Space, Airwalk, and Public Radio International’s This American Life.[14] He also is a faculty at SVA, he asked me why is Chinese architecture like that? The cornices faced to the sky. You should explain the connection to the American people. Why do my Chinese students always design plates with organic shapes?
37
Alexandra Dymowska, Senior Creative Designer for Cadillac at General Motors, she gave me some advices I can focus on 1. Luxury and brand perception by the Chinese, 2. Car design, materials and branding, 3. Thesis structure, 4. Visual and conceptual critique of your product.
Alexandra Dymowska
Senior Creative Designer, General Motors
She said that you need to define, for the purpose of your thesis (think who your audience is), what is Chinese philosophy? Contrast it with what people think Chinese philosophy is. What is Chinese modern product design? Define characteristics. Contrast with the current perception of Chinese modern product design. State what views and beliefs you are trying to abolish right at the beginning of your thesis. And always think who your audience is. Is your audience your program peers & faculty, is it American Midwesterners, non-designers in China, the world? Have you seen examples of how a similar device has introduced user to a new concept? In any field. It might be smart to show examples of how others have done it.
38
China has been innovating in the fields of what we now call industrial and product design for at least 2000 years . Some of these items are still in use worldwide today ( the riding stirrup, for example). In much of this original Chinese design/innovation process there seems to be a clear sense of purpose (function) in the design but an aesthetic that manifested itself in context and culture.
Steve Chucovich
Manager, BuroHappold Engineering
Going back to the riding stirrup. It is now universal. It's use has not changed across cultures and it has retained its original form (not to be confused with decorative elaboration which can be seen in many examples) and meaning. This "product" is an example of a successful cross cultural design element that retained its meaning and intent. Is it still Chinese? That is another question. The Chinese phenomenon is unique in that to understand the best work produced today we need to see it both through the lens of continuity of tradition as well as the modern eye. This is another subject. He challenge me to find other design elements like the stirrup that has, or could easily transcend the Chinese culture and critically study them to see how a cross cultural transformation could occur. This would allow you to develop that framework that you mentioned in your email that would let others study and analyze and understand their own design output.
39
40
04 Methodology
41
42
04 Methodology
In my thesis process, I want to extract different country design style with simple ways. Like Genis Carreras, a graphic designer and entrepreneur based in London and born in Catalonia in 1987,[15] who created a series of 95 beautiful designs, explaining philosophy using simple colors and shapes.
43
I will show the front of the cards to people and let them tell me which pattern should belong to which culture’s design style. Instead of asking people what they think about different country style, I would rather let them choose the pattern they think it is and have them explain the choices back to me. These will be a simple pattern, such as the one shown below. I am still working on ways to abstract the elements from different countries' design identities. Or I will collect types of well-known product design from different countries, and use some words to describe them. And then, I just show the descriptions to them, let them guess which country designed the product. After these two experiments, I will combine the two design experiments` results together to create a digital app which can let people recognize different countries design in a simple and visual way.
44
45
46
At the same time, I used Pinterest as my thesis mood board to collect inspirations, photographs of works, video documentation, and other staffs of my thesis.
47
48
05 Audience/ Markets
49
50
05 Audience/ Market
American people show much interest in Chinese culture, and it is urgent for me as a designer to use my design skills to build the cultural bridge to introduce our beautiful and abundant Chinese culture. So, I want to use attractive Chinese culture and customs to do research about Chinese behavior and design physical objects in digital ways that can let the American people become involved. Instead of talking about these customs directly, I want Americans to interact with the products I design. The recent article, called“ A Golden Age for the Design”, in the New York Times said that, “The design has fundamentally changed the way we experience the world, from the way we interact with objects to our expectations about how organizations are structured.” So, the core of my design is on the Chinese gesture. For example, have you eaten dim sum before? You will observe that people tap their fingers on the table, a sign of appreciation, when the tea server fills their cups. This gesture dates back to the Qing Dynasty, during one of Qianlong emperor’s travels in Jiangnan, a city in China when he had disguised himself to observe the lives of his subjects. The Qianlong emperor created this gesture in order to stay incognito when he refilled his servants` tea. His servants should tap two fingers on the table
51
with his fingers signifying the bended knees to the emperor. So, from this Chinese custom, a designer has created a table with a dent in order to let people tap their fingers when other people help them to refill the tea. The table can tell a good story that lets people who are unfamiliar with Chinese culture and customs to be more deeply involved with Chinese culture. Also, as the Chinese market is big, there are numerous American business will deal with China. So, the products need to fit there quirements of Chinese users not only in terms of language but also their cultural thought model, usage behaviors and political context. For example, after the hamburger spread in Japan, since Japanese people prefer to appear elegant, the gesture of biting intothe hamburger is so ugly. The Japanese designer redesigned the hamburger`s package that has an additional layer of paper in front of the people`s mouth in order to hide the big bite. From this example, it is crucial for people to understand the culture in different countries. People who are unfamiliar with Chinese culture and customs will benefit from my design.
52
53
54
06 Lenses
55
56
06 Lenses
Through a range of diverse lenses which are including social enterprise, branding, and speculative design objects applied to my thesis work, new perspectives are discovered. Social enterprise is a framework for designing interventions that change behaviors and benefit for the social. Branding begins to pull together the essence of the thesis to develop a visual language for its explanation. Finally, Speculative objects are conceptual design ideas that open the mind to many possible directions. They take the form of sketches, 3D models and functional prototypes. These lenses play a significant roles as inspiration and opportunity areas as this work progresses.
57
SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
ISSUE Chinese people think the design events or design products are cool things which are far away from their life.
Chinese people think the design events or design products are cool things which are far away from their life.
Foreigners have always regarded the phrase "Made in China" as products are cheap and have bad quality. And nobody can tell what Chinese design style is.
OPPORTUNITY
58
Foreigners have always regarded the phrase "Made in China" as products are cheap and have bad quality. And nobody can tell what Chinese design style is.
TARGET AUDIENCE Innovators
METRICS It is better to help them to my products will help them to understand the Chinese design and Chinese culture.
59
60
BARRIER
OPPORTUNITY
RELATIVE ADVANTAGE
There is a lot of Chinese design by Chinese designers after they realize that Chinese design power is crucial.
I can focus on "lucky culture" which area is an area that not too many designers will focus on for the Chinese people today.
COMPATIBILITY WITH EXISTING VALUES AN PRACTICE
Chinese designers always use elements from Ancient China, some of which is no longer appreciated by the majority of Chinese people.
I need to design a series of products that relate to contemporary culture.
SIMPLICITY AND EASE OF USE
In China, design is mostly regarded as an academic matter. In the eyes of ordinary Chinese people, designers might be ”cool.” But, it is far away from their life.
Design products for the daily life of the majority people in China.
TRIALABILITY
61me to It is difficult for expand my products to enough people to use.
Create a platform let them to try or cooperate with the big museums, such as MoMA to have exhibitions.
OBSERVABLE RESULTS
Chinese people might need time to adapt the new design works.
Design the products let them feel connected to Chinese culture history after they use them.
61
BRAND PYRAMID
CONNECTION
INTERACTIVE INVOLVED INSPIRING
PROMOTE CHINESE DESIGN CATCH ATTENTION OF FOREIGNER CULTURAL EXCHANGE
62
BRAND
I created a brand called"Created in China." The I here, was I inspired from the Ancient Architect created a brand called"Created in China."
63
64
65
66
SPECULATIVE DESIGN OBJECTS
67
Numbers have always played a significant role in Chinese culture. People in China traditionally associate good fortune with lucky numbers. Thus, there came a system of lucky numbers in their way. It is undeniable that numbers differ from auspicious to ominous. So, Chinese take auspicious numbers into important consideration in daily life, such as on occasions when they buy residences, choose telephone numbers, select a date for a wedding ceremony, and pick an identification number for their vehicle. They believe lucky numbers can bring them good luck. Number. 8 has long been regarded as the luckiest number in Chinese culture. With a pronunciation of 'Ba' in Chinese, number. 8 sounds similar to the word 'Fa', which means to make a fortune. It contains the meaning of prosperity, success and high social status too, so all businessmen favor it very much. Moreover, in some areas of China, people prefer to pay much more money for a telephone number with 8 in it. They also favor residences on the eighth floor of buildings. In the 1990s, a vehicle identification number with 8 was once auctioned off for 5 million Hong Kong dollars. I design the number 8 tape to express that Chinese people want to have eights in their lives.
68
69
70
People in China Put in a small red envelope or packets, Chinese lucky money, also known as Hongbao or Yasuiqian which in Chinese means a monetary gift which is given during the Chinese Spring Festival holidays. The money was called “Yasuiqian� in Chinese, meaning "money warding off evil spirits", and was believed to protect children from sickness and misfortune. Sometimes, Lucky Money is given to the elderly to wish them longevity and health. The Chinese Zodiac is based on a twelve-year cycle. Each year in that period is related to an animal sign. These animal signs are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. It is calculated according to the Chinese lunar calendar. It is believed that the years represented by the animals affect the characters of people in the same manner as a sign of the zodiac adopted by western civilization.
71
72
I designed a cup that has on automatic level determine for filling. There are different levels for tea or beer. Tea in China is more of a sense and concept than taste. Many Chinese believe that tea should only fill 70 percent of a cup while the other 30 percent is "space for your emotions," On the contrary, you should fill up guests` cups with beer. This means that when you are entertaining a guest if you are pouring wine you should fill the cup until it overflows, and pouring less is a sign of disrespect.
73
74
A lot of Chinese people will draw lots to ask the gods for an oracle. According to the number showed in the lot, people can find an explanation in a book devoted to good luck symbols.
75
76
In addition, I design a game. There are ten lots in the box and one is a red lot, the others are transparent lots. The goal for this game is that people should get the red lot out and by so doing win the game.
77
NOPE! NOPE! NOPE!
78
Chinese people who live in southern China never turn over the fish when they finish eating one side of it, because this action of turning over the fish means the fishing boat will capsize in the ocean. When they finish one side of the fish, Chinese people usually will get rid of the fishbone, and eat the other side of the fish. In this case, I design a plate that will alarm you with sounds when people try to turn over the fish.
79
80
07 Looking Forward
81
82
07 Looking Forward
Obviously, A year of thesis semester is not enough to to achieve made in China to create in China this goal. In my future design plan, I am going to continue to use the platform I created to design more exciting lucky cultural products. And I am able to define a new identity created in china – with Chinese lucky culture.
83
84
08 Footnotes
85
[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_in_China [2]. http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-10-08/designed-in-china [3]. http://cumorah.com/index.php?target=view_country_reports&story_ id=37 [4]. http://www.core77.com/reactor/08.04_china.asp [5]. http://designhotpot.com/7-reasons-why-the-design-week-strugglesto-make-it-in-beijing/ [6]. http://www.chinadesigncentre.com/china-design-centre/ [7]. http://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelzakkour/2014/04/30/copycatchina-still-a-problem-for-brands-chinas-future-just-ask-apple-hyattstarbucks/ [8]. http://www.gopetition.com/petitions/we-support-traditional-chineseand-chinese-culture.html
86
08 Footnotes [9]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters [10]. http://designhotpot.com/fortunes-and-sorrows-of-chinesesmartphones-going-west/ [11]. http://www.core77.com/blog/salone_milan/salone_milan_2012_ pinwu_studio_from_yuhang_to_milan_at_salone_satellite_22354.asp [12]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Walker_%28journalist%29 [13]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maeda [14]. http://productsofdesign.sva.edu/faculty/sinclair-smith/ [15]. http://geniscarreras.com
87
88
09 Bibliography
89
90
09 Bibliography Carreras, Geni, and Chris Thomas. Philographics: Grote Ideeën in Simpele Beelden. Uitgebreide, Tweede ed. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, 2013. " 中国制造 Made in China." Made in China. Accessed January 4, 2015. https://djcadchina.wordpress.com. Li, Wuwei, and Michael Keane. How Creativity Is Changing China. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2011. Keane, Michael. Creative Industries in China Art, Design and Media. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2013. Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N. China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2010. Sung, Vivien. Five-fold Happiness: Chinese Concepts of Luck, Prosperity, Longevity, Happiness, and Wealth. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2002. Williams, C. A. S. Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art through the Ages. 4th Rev. ed. Rutland, Vt.: Tuttle, 2006. Wilkinson, Kenneth, and Kenneth Wilkinson. World Cultures : China. [New ed. London: Teach Yourself, 2004. Ostrowski, Pierre, and Gwen Penner. It's All Chinese to Me: An Overview of Culture & Etiquette in China. North Clarendon, Vt.: Tuttle Pub., 2009. Midler, Paul. Poorly Made in China: An Insider's Account of the Tactics behind China's Production Game. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.
91