Landscape System as a Sustainable and Inclusive Strategy to Urban Management and Development Wybe Kuitert, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, South Korea, goedemorgen@snu.ac.kr
KEY: Patterns of ecology and cultural history in the urban landscape are made visible and applicable for resilient and sustainable city management and planning. Landscape patterns traced under the asphalt and concrete of a city correlate to urban form because natural systems (soil-landscape) reflect in the history of urban fabric (land use). Just like landscape ecology does for rural landscapes we can therefore analyze the city departing from soil-landscape. Seemingly different perspectives are correlated by layering maps in our research where ‘landscape’ becomes the key.
Landscape is a cultural, but also a natural scientific construct. Landscape as read from a topography or soil map, correlates directly with biodiversity as it comes up in urban ecology. On the other hand, this landscape is composed of uniform characteristic pieces defined from field work that read as map units in a legend. These units in their mutual coherence are perceived as (emotional or visual) structure of urban form, capturing cultural diversity.
Mücher, et al. 2003. Identification Landscapes in Europe, Wageningen: Alterra
Plan von Berlin, Schneider, 1798
Overlay Berlin, Umweltatlas, Kuitert 2013
Example: Eupyeong-Gu, Seoul, South Korea: Natural ecology overlays with history (market place from Fengshui map, or nature-based high-density railway station development) by: Yasmina Azriani, Jessica Barahona, Heejoon Choi, Shamsad Firdous, Wybe Kuitert, Nouanseng Phonesaly, Changjin Son, Keeyun Wong. Published on ISSUU, 2016
Conclusion: Systematic urban landscape analysis can make patterns of bio-cultural diversity visible and approachable for nature-based management and planning purposes. The urban landscape system brings a wide range of activities together; specialist scientific analysis, engineering, deduction in city politics, ad hoc and local ‘green’ action, and even fashionable branding. All are integrated towards more sustainability and resilience in management of things like water, soil, or development for recreation, because the urban landscape system is nature-based. Cultural sustainability is achieved because planning decisions are based on identity of the place, that is history of land use, of urban form, again understood as nature-based. References for this poster: Berlin.de. 2011. Atlas zur Stadtentwicklung, Stadtgestalt 1950 und 2000 [online text] www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/planen/basisdaten–stadtentwicklung/atlas/de/stadtgestalt.shtml Evans, D. 2005. “Some uses of the map of the natural vegetation of Europe for Natura 2000”. In Bohn, et al. (eds.) Application and Analysis of the Map of the Natural Vegetation of Europe Skripten, 156, Bonn: Bundesamt für Naturschutz Hudson, B. D. 1992. The Soil Survey as Paradigm-Based Science. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56: 836–841 Kuitert, W. 2013. Urban landscape systems understood by geo-history map overlay. Journal of Landscape Architecture, 8-1: 54-63 Kuitert, W. 2013. The nature of urban Seoul: Potential vegetation derived from the soil map. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 17-1: 95-108 Ministry of the Environment of Korea. 1997–2003. The Ecological and Nature Map of Seoul 1:25,000, Second Nationwide Natural Environment Survey. Seoul. Mücher, C. A., Bunce, R.G.H., Jongman, R.H.G., Klijn, J.A., Koomen, A., Metzger, M.J. and Wascher, D.M. 2003. Identification and Characterisation of Environments and Landscapes in Europe, Wageningen: Alterra Schneider, J. F. 1798. Plan von Berlin nebst denen umliegenden Gegenden im Jahr 1798 / herausgegeben von J. F. Schneider. Aufgenommen und gezeichnet von J. F. Schneider. Gestochen von Ludewig Schmidt Seoul City. 1997, 1998. A report of a detailed survey on the forest ecosystems in Seoul (1st and 2nd report). Seoul. Urban Landscape System Studio ISSUU: 2016. Urban Landscape System Eunpyeong-gu; 2015. Urban Landscape System Gangbuk-gu; 2014. Urban Landscape System Gangnam-gu; 2013. Urban Landscape System Studio Dresden Nexus Conference: Sustainable Development Goals & NEXUS APPROACH DNC 2017 United Nations University, Technische Universität Dresden, Leibnitz Institute Ecological Urban & Regional Development, Germany
Wybe Kuitert, Lab on Landscape, Seoul National University