M.D.S. [Berlin]

A Spatial Shift: Re-occupying Berlin’s No Man’s Land

Submission Copyright Statement I grant the University of Texas at Austin (“Institution”), my academic department (“Department”), and the Texas Digital Library (“TDL”) the non-exclusive rights to copy, display, perform, distribute and publish the content I submit to this repository (“Work”) and to make the Work available in any format in perpetuity as part of an Institution, Department, or TDL repository communication or distribution effort.

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2

I warrant that: (1) I am the copyright owner of the Work, or (2) I am one of the copyright owners and have permission from the other owners to submit the Work, or (3) My Institution or Department is the copyright owner and I have permission to submit the Work, or (4) Another party is the copyright owner and I have permission to submit the Work.

Lauren Marie Vogl

University of Texas at Austin Master of Architecture: Urban Design Post-Professional

Supervisors: First Reader | Dean Almy Second Reader | Barbara Hoidn

Graduation Date: May 2013

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A Spatial Shift: Re-occupying Berlin’s No Man’s Land

3

CONTENTS

07

ABSTRACT

09

the research question

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THE CITY: BERLIN

HISTORICAL MAPS

TU Berlin

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THE SITE: MOABIT

photography video

4

5

85 vantage.foliage

DESIGN PROPOSAL

103

BIBLIOGRAPHY

texts lectures essays

STATEMENT [The Research Question] No other city in Europe has seen as much urban landscape changes as Berlin, Germany. How can a contemporary urban design approach along the former site of the city’s division help stitch together the physical as well as cultural disconnects and introduce a new public space in the city?

The relationship between the built landscape and the social world is dialectical, with each perpetually and cyclically shaping the other. There is a direct language spoken between the architecture of a city and the inhabitants using the space. This relationship is dynamic and stands at the center of my endeavor.

When studying the urban grid of a city a production of processes is found – both social and physical – creating a navigable network. “The immediate questions raised for an urban observer by its configuration are related to the communicational capacity and power of these shapes and their legibility” as they relate to the architectural quality of urban space.1 Interruption in the grid of a city can occur from a multitude of reasons: physical terrain conditions, a modernizing intervention such as a highway, urban planning programs (such as a Haussmann boulevard in Paris), or even a political play of forces that can divide a city with physical boundaries. Perhaps the most notable specimen created from political transformations was the Berlin Wall, existing from 1961 to 1989.

This physical structure interrupted the building culture and social life of Berlin to an extraordinary extent and changed the urban grid of this city forever.

6

Berlin was seeing a separation in the political positions during this time and soon their ideologies were superimposed onto the citizens. While people attempted to carry on with life as usual the cultural movements also began to divide between the East and West. While there were no physical barriers until 1961, the political ones had begun and were only strengthened by the actual separation of these two “cities”. In Berlin there are three primary phases of this evolving relationship between the urban grid and society: the historical growth of urbanism until 1961, physical division of the city into East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, and the forward motion of current design as these two worlds has physically become one again.

Brandenburg Gate

In a general manner the aim of my urban design solution will be generated by evaluating the historical building culture of Berlin and critically applying a social theory in design to an urban architectural intervention. Key components of the project will focus around urban housing demands and cultural institutions that need a home in the city. I plan to organize public spaces in this contemporary society. Berlin has been chosen as the site for my master’s design study because it has a rapidly changing building development, a collision of nationalities, and a diverse artistic culture.

1 Mario Gandelsonas, X-Urbansim: Architecture and the American City (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 199).

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8

What is the meaning of public space in a city with a simultaneous excess and absence of architecture?

01: M A P P I N G S

9

10

11

1688 Map of Berlin and the fortified wall

1900 map of Moabit-Mitte-Humbolthafen

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13

Peter Joseph LennĂŠ map for Berlin landscape left: Google Earth aerial view of Berlin, Germany

2010

1999

}

2000

1961

1936 1929

1914 1919

1900

1894

1806

1800

BERLIN

Napoleon's armies impose French rule over much of Germany; Francis II declares abolition of Holy Roman Empire and adopts title of emperor of Austria.

reconstruction of Nicolai-Quarter

This timeline starts with the first

President J. F. Kennedy visits Berlin and says: "Ich bin ein Berliner." ("I am a Berliner.")

West Berliner citizen may visit East Berlin the first time after more than two years

75

1990

}

mention of Berlin and on into present day. There is particular focus on ‘structural develop-

GErMANY IS REUNITED

WALL G R E N S M A U E R

Ronald Reagan visits

WIRE FENCE CONCRETE

1989 november 9th: wall is open

D I V I D E

improved wire fence

W A L L

1987

1980

1970

365 meter high tower was built

Alexander platz competition

1960

1965

IBA: Hansaviertel

GLOBAL

INTERNATIONAL BUILDING EXHIBITION [IBA]

P H Y S I C A L Border between East and West Germany and between East Germany and West Berlin is closed. Only the border between East and West Berlin is still opened

15

GERMANY global depression mass unemployment

1721 first coffee shop

Stalinallee

1952

1951

1949 1950 federabl republic of germany founded [west ] founded [east] atic republic german democr

{

1740-1786

brandenburg gate is closed

Berlin is divided into four sectors: the American, British, and French the West; the Soviet in the East

S

the treaty of versailles which ended the state of war between germany and the allied powers. it controversialy asked germany to accept responsibility for causing the war

1945

BUILDING CULTURE WALL

{

N

FREIDRICH “THE GREAT”

The proposed method of construction using prefabricated panels was established in the GDR – as was the idea of a low-density city with plenty of green space running through it, tailored to the needs of cars “Principles of Redesigning the Centre of Berlin” 16 principles of urban desing were the foundation.

GLOBAL mitte

During the rule of Friedrich Wilhelm, He expanded Berlin’s population dramatically by welcoming religious refugees, including French Huguenots, Dutch Protestants, and rich Viennese Jewish families.

E R A E N L I G H T E N M E N T

1957

Thirty-Years' War: failure of Habsburg emperors' attempt to restore Catholic dominance and imperial authority against opposition of Protestant princes; 1648 Treaty of Westphalia confirms near total independence of territorial states.

2006

2001

ceremony Zellengefängnis rememberance park laid out bitants inha 81 75,1

1996

hof openin g

Hamburger Bahnhof - Contemporary Art Museum

190,000 inhabitants

A.E.G. Turbin Factory [Behrens]

Hauptbahn

1955 Zellengefängnis [prison] is demolished

1910

1909

1872 1884 krankenhaus moabit (hospital)

incorporated into the city

tiergarten

L

bohemians settle in berlin

1618-1648

May: end of WW1

ca n

-s pa nd au sh ip be rlin

1859 1861

1840 1846 1847

z e l l e n g e f ä n g n i s

L

WILHELM

al

ham

R I S E

1695

O

1700

DECLINE

GLOBAL

of ahnh er b burg

population: 20,000

1647

population: 6,000

population: 12,000

Z

1671

N

1658-1683

berlin’s jewish community is founded

GERMANY

E

a fortress is built in the form of a star, 13 bastions are created

two currency zones established

The Berliners were less than amused, and fearing that this would end some of the city’s liberties, they violently opposed the building of a castle in the town.

H

1600

O

norman foster addition to reichstag

Friedrich III has a palace built for his wife, Sophie Charlotte, Charlottenburg Palace.

Unter den Linden

the towns of Brandenburg and Berlin formed a union; achieved some prosperity as a trading and fishing town

H

1500

1411

1389

berlin bear=strength

1400

1300

1338

first mentioning

1244

1200

Y E A R S

BERLIN

Proposals by Lenne and Schinkel for the HUmbolthafen

HISTORICAL EVENTS

14

E A R L Y

reichstag completed

An avenue is laid out between the Berlin City Palace and the Tiergarten, the elector’s hunting preserve west of the city.

It will later become known as Unter den Linden.

T H E

TIMELINE

In 1737 they found Böhmisch-Rixdorf (now Neukölln).

leaving easy germany without permission is forbidden

STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS

The Stadtschloss or town castle, remained the primary residence of the Hohenzollerns until the forced abdication of Wilhelm II in 1918

ments’ and ‘historical events’ going on in Berlin, Germany and the world. Concentration is also given to the time period of the Berlin Wall (1945-1989). A timeline of events happening in the Moabit district is extracted.

W NE

RK YO

i.

7m 396

5m 34

i.

BERLIN

Cheonggyecheon: Seoul, South Korea [restoration project]

Presidental Library & Museum, College Station Texas

16

17 soviet union

brittish

St. George’s Mall: Cape Town, South Africa [gift to Nelson Mandela]

french

43 km

american

1

10

urban density of berlin 12 boroughs 96 localities population #

12

3 4

8 7

9

density [per sq. km] 1 to 50000

6

Where pieces of the Berlin Wall exists today in the world

2 5

11

3

1

4 2

6 5

Map of Germany in Europe The divided Germany Berlin’s twelve boroughs

18

allies aviation path into west berlin

Catalyst projects currently happening in Berlin

19

Allied flight zone map East Berlin and West Berlin maps

The, derive, by contrast, will be a product not of concentration, but of “distraction,” a technique of displacement without an aim.”

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THE CITY

02: B E R L I N

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METHODOLOGY [Pursuing the Project] My focus will be along the route of the Berlin wall which stretched 43km (27 miles) separating the city. In particular, I will focus on sites where there is an interchange in a grid at one of the eight gates or border crossings that were in use from 1961-1989. I will also explore the “no man’s land” –a wide swath of unoccupied land (from five meters wide to several hundred) along the former wall. This was intentionally left desolate and is rarely occupied. Both the Wall, which today is represented by two cobblestones flush with the ground, and the “no man’s land” are both urban spatial artifacts.

22

Today, built architecture has filled in pieces of this zone, some are open public spaces, while others leave room for future development. An early goal during my time in Berlin is to identify a specific site or set of sites for generating an urban design solution, one that focuses on unification of the area on several levels. I believe that by being in Berlin I will have gained first-hand knowledge and understanding into what I think is a valuable design solution for the site and its current inhabitants. My proposal would be directly connected through the interstitial zone that was neither East nor West Berlin during the 28 years of separation.

Another objective of mine during my time in Berlin is to be purely experiential. I hope to gain practical wisdom with the opportunity to live in the former communist city of East Berlin and to work in the former Allied side of West Berlin. By becoming a temporary local of present day Berlin through engaging with the people, the landscape, the culture, the tourism, I will be able to see daily life through the eyes of a Berliner. I believe nothing can take away from our experience and one must set foot into the place and live amongst the people in hopes of gaining a better understanding for Berlin’s culture.

“The ideal place for me is the one in which it is most natural to live as a foreigner.”

- Italo Calvino

My research will also take a close look at the building culture, which occurred as a response to the division of the city, in three areas: housing, culture-art, and the public square, all areas of interests that will manifest into my design project. Overall there were housing demands during the post-war period beginning in 1945 and on into the wall era. Attention to the current building needs was given through two different approaches on either side of the city and often seen as a response to the others construction. In the German Democratic Republic (GDR), the eastern sector of the city the integrating of residential, commercial and administrative spaces were high on the priority list and coined the idea of “high social significance”.5 Building during this time was focused along and just behind Karl Marx Allee, at that time Stalinallee. In the West, actual building had a slower start as there was a prolonged discussion between the Allied forces. In 1957, as part of the International Housing Exhibition (IBA), 36 different projects were realized that make up the Hansaviertel, still existing today in the north part of the Tier Garten district. There was a discussion happening between the rival systems of Berlin, it was about representation of one’s modern ideals characterized in the architecture brought on a number of new projects. Another building site that was erected during the time of separation was the “Kultur Forum”, an area dedicated to the arts. This space was founded around the modernist attitude that promoted the segregation of work, living and public infrastructure. Buildings included in this site are Hans Scharoun’s Philharmonic Hall (1963), The Berlin Library of Prussian Cultural Heritage (1967), and Mies Van der Rohe’s New National Gallery (1968).

During my six month stay in Berlin I intend to have collected information through experiences in the city and research in books and at sites. I will have been able to take part in activity happening in the city and experience the culture of different neighborhoods as much as time and resources will allow. This includes but is not limited to: lectures on the building culture, art and architecture tours, community interaction and public discussions. I plan to be a frequent participator with an open architecture group that meets at a local café in Berlin to exchange ideas and information, talk about and digest books on architecture related subjects, as well as watch films and documentaries. Here I will be able to discuss openly my perceptions of Berlin and get truthful feedback on my discoveries and developing ideas.

23

PHOTO DOCUMENTATIONS June 2012 - January 2013

1 2 3 4

division/unification density/sparsity temporary/unchanging

culture: local/tourist

24

25

A collection of photographs that fell into four categories with contrasting impressions. While this is merely a fraction of the photographs taken, these are selected for a reason.

All photographs by Lauren Vogl

01

division | unification

26

27

division

unification

28

29

division

unification

30

31

division

unification

02

density | sparsity

32

33

34

35

sparsity

density

36

37

density

sparsity

38

39

density

sparsity

03

temporary | unchanging

40

41

42

43

temporary

unchanging

44

temporary

unchanging

45

46

47

temporary

unchanging

04

culture: local | tourist

48

49

50

51

tourist

local

52

53

tourist

local

54

55

local

tourist

56

57

tourist

local

VIDEO DOCUMENTATION Wall Walk was a series of walks through the city that followed the line of the former Berlin Wall. It was spread over the course of 5 days and totalled 17.3 kilometres of ground covered. Over 1,000 photographs were taken. The walk was inspired by the artist Richard Long, who takes long epic walks through varying landscapes.

58

Below is the still frames of images that were pieced together to “walk� one through the city Software: Adobe Premiere Photographs taken: 1,135 Photographs used: 560

59

+

Arriving at each new city, the traveler finds again a past of his that he did not know he had: the foreignness of what you no longer are or no longer possess lies in wait for you in foreign, unpossessed places...You take delight not in a city’s seven or seventy wonders, but in the answer it gives to a question of yours.

60

+

61

Marco Polo in Italo Calvino’s: Invisible Cities

+ +

+

Psychogeography reading

weisensee

tegel

HOME

62

63

tierpark

WORK

Mapping my movements : paths taken in Berlin

tegel

HOME

HOME

WORK

WORK

JULY SEPTEMBER

x2

weisensee

HOME HOME

64

65

WORK WORK

AUGUST OCTOBER

tegel

HOME HOME

WORK

Movements by months

WORK

SEPTEMBER

NOVEMBER

[invalidenfriedhof]

flughafen tegel

[potsdamer bahnhof]

gรถrlitzer park [anhalter bahnhof] [gรถrlitzer bahnhof]

gleisdreieck park

66

67 tempelhof park

Landscape_regional

n mi 42

ur ho 1

: po la nd

:

3

st et ti n,

ha mb ur g

ho ur s

B

+ flughafen tegel

hannov er : 2 hour s 50 min.

[stettiner bahnhof]

nordbahnhof

A

1

[hamburger bahnhof]

2

3

[hauptbahnhof]

[lehrter bahnhof]

[ost-bahnhof]

]

bahn stadt

bahn stadt

[

[potsdamer bahnhof] [charlottenburg bahnhof]

+ [anhalter bahnhof]

[görlitzer bahnhof] frankfurt

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(oder) : 1 hou r 9 min min.

tempelhof park

am

sd

38

n. mi

On 2 October 1967 the last tramcar traveled through West-Berlin over the last line, which carried number 55

jüterbog

BVG SCI

görlitz : 2 hours 36 min.

+

[1967_tram lines]

:

: 1 hour 14 min.

t po

+

flughafen brandenburg [2014]

Transportation_regional

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[1890_tram]

Transportation_C GroĂ&#x;e Berliner StraĂ&#x;enbahn (GBS) (Great Berlin Tram) 1865

reunification, the fragmented streetcar network remains the last artifact of the city's division that can still interrupt logical corridors of travel today

[1930_tram]

1929-

30 25 20 15 10

On 2 October 1967 the last tramcar traveled through West-Berlin over the last line, which carried number 55

1967

1966

1965

1964

1963

1962

1961

1960

1959

1958

1957

[1930_tram]

1956

5

1955

[1890_tram]

40 35

1953

1900 potsdamer platz

1954

tram lines built

1938 71 tramway lines, 2,800 tram cars and about 12,500 employees

Transportation_C

BVG SCI

70

71 1929-

40 35 30 25 20 15 10

Despite all the tremendous work to reunite Berlin's transport network after reunification, the fragmented streetcar network remains the last artifact of the city's division that can still interrupt logical corridors of travel today

1967

1966

1965

1964

1963

1962

1961

1960

1959

1958

1957

1956

1955

[1930_tram]

1954

5

1953

[1949_tram]

tram lines built

1938 71 tramway lines, 2,800 tram cars and about 12,500 employees

[1965_tram]

Evolution of tram lines

THE SITE

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03: M O A B I T & MAUER

Mauer translated is the German word for the Berlin Wall

PRECEDENTS [Previous Research on this Topic] Urbanism in Berlin: There has been a tremendous amount of text written specifically on the urban development in Berlin. In any local bookshop one can find numerous shelves that cover the history of the city, the architecture, town planning in theory and practice, all to tell how the present urban landscape has come to be. I have noted three texts that are stimulating to me during the three phases of urban changes. Berlin: The Politics of Order carries the reader from 1737 until the fall of the wall in 1989. In this book Alan Balfour brings to light Berlin’s “culture seen through the reflections of architecture, architects, and artists.”2 From this text I was able to digest the motives behind some of the buildings erected to let the other side of the city see into what ways modern architecture was being created. Specifically, the “Kultur Forum” of West Berlin was created in the eye sight of the Wall.

Two University of Texas professors, Sabine Hake and Philip Broadbent, co-edited Berlin: Divided City, 1945-1989. With a focus on the divided identities of Berlin during the Cold War, they have reached out to art, architecture, culture, and German historians to open up a dialogue about the exchanges that took place despite the presence of a physical boundary. Their work discusses cultural happenings during the four decades leading up to reunification. These activities can still be found alive in the city today. For me, this book speaks toward what it was like to live as a citizen of either side during the division and to understand the struggles from a cultural view.

A more current book is Spaces of Uncertainty which walks you through the public spaces as “enormous amounts of infill and fallow land that” are still existing throughout the city center today. This image heavy book begs the question of the all contemplating architecture and design in this city: what is the meaning of public space in a city with a simultaneous excess and absence of architecture? There is an undeniable and constant dialogue between the history of Berlin and the current building culture. The authors, Kenny Cupers and Markus Miessen, take a specific look at the concept of the void through the city and how we can view it in a negative or positive manner.3

Project scope

2 Alex Balfour, Berlin: The Politics of Order 1737-1989 (New York: Rizzoli) 3 Kenny Cupers and Markus Miessen, Space of Uncertainty (Wuppertal: Verlag Müller + Busmann KG), 78-85. 199).

Culture and the City: Richard Sennett, a sociologist who has devoted his energy to the urban realm by observing city inhabitants and how they are changed by their surroundings is of particular interest to me. He writes specifically about the public realm and how we can use architecture to “be a bridge between the visual and the social” urban environments. Sennett goes on to speak about open and closed systems where an open method is an unstable evolution and a closed system has harmonious equilibrium. He argues that a closed system has immobilized urbanism and the open system could potentially set it free. Taking this theory into consideration with my own city-life experiences and observations, I agree with an open system that Sennett discusses. This structure provides a flexible and often times chaotic public life, though one not overly defined which often results in homogeneity of a place.4

schinkel

This district is an amazing mixture of everything Berlin has to offer. It's so different and really surprising everywhere you go

MITTE [stettiner bahnhof]

[resident]

Lecture attended: Akademie der Kustse, Pariser Platz, September 2012

MOABIT

lenné

76

77 a berlin based band: No Nebraska! wrote a song calld “moabit is an island”

The area is ideal for culinary explorations: Turkish vegetable shops, Arabic bakeries, Persian and Indian cuisine, and even a traditional ice cream parlor

4 Richard Sennett, “The Public Realm: Quant,” (Cambridge: The MIT Press). 1996

[hauptbahnhof] Moabit stays true to its roots and exemplifies an evolving neighborhood in the cosmopolitan core of Berlin

1

4

ThyssenKrupp Schulte Cochius Warehouse- Dealership that handels aluminum, stainless steel, brass and copper.

Kenneth Frampton mentions that “the possibility of creating significant urban form has become extremely limited” in his essay Towards a Critical Regionalism. The historian-theorist uses the term critical regionalism to talk about giving an identity to a place. This can be found by looking at topography, climate, light, tectonic form and looks towards phenomenology for creating his argument.5

5

Deutsch-American Volksfest july 26th- August 19th 2013 (53rd yr) There are three popular themed areas design and content: "The Big Apple New York City", "Beach'n'Surf: Florida & California" and "Yeehaw: Wild West City". location: fairground at central station

6

7

In my opinion, architecture built in the modern day should reflect what is necessary to fit the culture of the present as opposed to adhering to past romantic ideals that do not exist any longer.

Also, our built

1

landscape should be designed in a manner that addresses the changes that will or potentially occur in the future, this might be for population growth, environmental changes or even adaptions in new social groups. There is a connection between people and the built landscape and as users interact with the architecture it becomes increasingly about usability and not simply a “look but don’t touch” expression.

ger

eber

perl

ke

brüc

scope oject

pr

cke

brü

fen

dha

nor

2

A cemetery on Scharnhorststrasse was laid out in 1748.

After the Second World War, the cemetery – as a memorial to Prussian military history – was confiscated. The Allied Control Commission ordered the removal of all military and National Socialist monuments, including those in cemeteries.

After the cemetery was closed in 1951, graves that had either been destroyed during the war or were no longer being maintained were razed After the city was divided, the border to West Berlin ran along the western bank of the Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal; the water itself was on East Berlin territory. The expansion of border fortifications that started in August 1961 transformed much of the cemetery into a “no man’s land.”

Despite the destruction, the 200 remaining tombs and gravestones allow visitors a glimpse of the cemetery’s eventful history

regional

5 6

4

nnecti line co

3

on

7

invalidenstrasse

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Geschichtspark, Moabit In 2003 work began on the 3.1 million-euro "historical former Moabit prison cells”.

The area around the Heidesstrasse, north of Berlin Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) is one of the most important and most central areas of the city development. Since the opening of the new station, the large areas are in a prominent location returned in the public interest.

heidestrasse

e ass str

10

9

se

12

min na -ca ue r

13

scharnhörststras

78

lehrterstrasse

13

79 8

In 1992 Christophe Girot, was faced with the task of re-designing a public space that had a rich military and political history. The narrrative of the park is hidden in the abstraction of the wedge referring to the obvious connection to the Berlin Wall.

10

The land development corporation Vivico

Hamburger Bahnhof A former railway station built in 1846 which connected berlin to hamburg. it has not been used as a station since 1884 with the openeing of lehrter bahnhof. after wwII the building fell into the hands of the east german reichsbahn (state owned railways in the GDR). the museum now serves as a contemporary art museum. there was a competition for the renovation that was won by josef paul kleihues.

3

5 Kenneth Frampton, “Towards a Critical Regionalism,” (Seattle: Bay Press). 1983

Invalidenpark is a 2.5 HA urban park and plaza The park was created in the mid 1700’s right outside of the city gates and was the first invalidenhaus (army pensioner’s hospital. Later a garden was designed by Peter Joseph Lenne. World War II destroyed much of this area and was a waste land during the city’s division.

11

The City of Berlin wants to develop the area as a hub for high-end office, commercial, retail and residential spaces.

Fritz Schloss Park A 12 acre park makes it the largest in the district of Moabit It was a military base after WWII and then a rubble pile. In 1955 Wilhelm Alverdes designed the park.

On site there is a stadium, soccer field, tennis center, gymnastics and rowing hall, and a skating rink.

The extension plan of the park is uncertain especially with the new Brandenburg airport and shutting down of Tegel.

8

11

Hauptbahnhof Currently Europe’s largest crossing station with 14 platforms. here you can connect with other regional lines, the s-bahn, u-bahn (55) and bus system in berlin taking you in all directions.

9

Buildings for the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology which is a ministry of the german federal government and was recreated in 2005.the site is the former house for war veterans

TT E MI Mitte border Spandau-Berlin Canal MarschallBrĂźcke Tiergarten Lepziger Platz Haus der Ministerien 1949 Soviet Occupation Zone Kruezberg border

81

Spree river Treptow border

KR UE ZB ER

W

G

TR EP TO

80

Peter Joseph LennĂŠ Luisenstadt Canal 1848-1852

Berlin Wall Memorial

1840

1688 C Topography of Terror

East Side Gallery

CPG

82

medieval wall- 1688

checkpoints

expansion- 1840

wall memorials

today

1930

C

urban fabric- post world war II

urban fabric- 2001

urban fabric- present

albert speer [north -south axis]

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DESIGN 04: P R O P O S A L

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GUY DEBORD [Movement Theory] “...In this respect it is important to stress the provisionality of Debord’s maps along with that situationist spatial practices more generally. Debord insisted on the continual need for experimentation and self-crituque. Through the use of détournment, his maps embody a subversive attitude towards representations of the city, as things work, that perform, that affect the ways in which urban spaces are conceived and lived. They have multiple entryways and are indicative of a mobile engagement with the city, an attempt to open up ways of seeing its spaces...This includes questions of temporal orientation as well as spatial orientation for, rather than focusing solely on what exists...“ Visions of the City, David Pinder

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ON CITIES “Something about city life lends itself to being read as if it had a state of mind, a personality, as having a particular mood or sentiment, or as privileging certain attitudes and forms of sociation.

It is quite clear that New York is not New Orleans, that London is not Singapore, that Paris is not Berlin. For sure, this has something to do with the buildings: with their built form, the super-structures and infrastructures of the city. For sure, it has something to do with the way people live their lives in cities, with their cultures and customs, with how they treat strangers, with their differences and indifferences. Yet, it an odd thing to assume that cities have their own personality or state of mind. Surely, cities are far too chaotic and disorganised to be thought of like this; even those that are highly ordered. These commonplace experiences of the personality of a city may feel real, yet also they are phantasms that vanish as soon as light is cast upon them.”

Real Cities, Steve Pile

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Hansa Viertel_foot

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Friday October 26th 2012

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Saturday August 26th 2012

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Thursday September 7th 2012

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Wednesday September 12th 2012

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MASTERPLAN EUROPACITY

A S T O C FRAMEWORK PLAN The Master Plan Berlin Heidestrasse details the urban planning development concept for the stepby-step redesign of the approx. 40 hectare area located between Nordhafen, Heidestrasse and Humboldthafen. Sustainable development is the basic premise for all Heidestrasse quarter plans.

The development of a strategic master plan is a new and exemplary process in Berlin, with goals and aims drafted in close cooperation among the property owners, project developers, planners and authorities. A major focus was on the diversity of uses – taking ecological considerations into account, the high-quality area should offer residential, office, retail trade and commercial spaces, coupled with attractive opportunities for leisure activities.

With the Heidestrasse master plan, the state of Berlin has created a frame of reference for the establishment of an urban development plan and all related decision-making processes. This constitutes the prerequisite for the development of a compact, sustainable and eco-friendly quarter of the future.

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Ingeborg Junge-Reyer, Senator for Urban Development

MASTERPLAN EUROPACITY

PROJECT INFORMATION

ASTOC won a master-plan competition for a site close to Berlin's central station. Their design envisages a town harbor on the site which is located between Invalidenstrasse, Perleberger Bridge, mainline railway tracks, and the Spandauer navigation channel. Planned to become the focus of a new metropolitan quarter, it will house an art campus, a marina, restaurants, apartments, and offices.

The inner-city site lies close to one of Europe's most important traffic hubs. In spite of achieving metropolitan densities, the design offers plenty of public space and an inviting riverside promenade up to thirty meters wide. The residential buildings accommodating around 1,200 apartments adhere MASTERPLAN EUROPACITY to the city's eaves height.

Client CA Immo Deutschland GmbH in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Land Berlin und der Deutschen Bahn AG

ASTOC won a master-plan competition site close to Berlin's station.

Their design Buildings of greater height are located infor theaoffice quarters at the central Hamburger Bahnhof and the envisages aThree town new harbor on thewill site which is located between Invalidenstrasse, Perleberger Nordhafen. bridges improve connectivity to the city.

Along a railway line, new Bridge, mainline railway tracks, the Spandauer navigation channel.

Planned to become focus of athe commercial buildings areand to shield the residential buildings from traffic noise.

In orderthe to preserve new metropolitan quarter, the it will an art campus, a marina, restaurants, site's special atmosphere, oldhouse shipping company halls are to be convertedapartments, to galleries.and offices.

The general inner-city sitewas liesto close to one of Europe's mostAsimportant hubs.

In spite of to achieving The idea design "a piece of Berlin.? such, thetraffic question initially was find out how metropolitan densities, the particular design offers plentyThe of public promenade the city can develop at this location. urban space quarterand will,anininviting future, riverside be Berlin's first up to thirty for meters wide. residential buildings adhere impression millions of The visitors.

It is therefore anaccommodating important urban around "visiting1,200 card?apartments for the capital.

The to the city's eavesinheight. moment of arrival Berlin occupied the minds of the planners in particular. It was not their goal to produce "a totally sterilized? model city, as Neppl has said. Rather, it was their intention to design a Buildings of greater height office quarters at the and the station district, instead of a are typelocated of "city in ofthe Europe.?

The district wasHamburger allowed toBahnhof be somewhat more Nordhafen.

Three new bridgesPotsdamer will improve connectivity to theholding city. Along a railway line, "normal? than the high-strung Platz in the vicinity, out the potential tonew develop into buildings are to ASTOC's shield theapproach residentialwas buildings traffic noise. In to as preserve acommercial more laid back art district. based from on the self-image of order the city a wholethe site's special oldBerlin shipping company halls are to be to The galleries. and not just onatmosphere, the locationthe itself. is currently rediscovering its converted waterfronts. new town The general idea was to design "a piece of Berlin.?

As such, the to question initially was to find out how harbor will become a magnet of the quarter.

The architects want promptly redesign the highway-like city can develop at this particular location.

Theaurban will, inurban future, be Berlin's first the the Heidestrasse, intending to create "clearquarter and precise space? all around impression millions of visitors.

It is therefore important urban "visiting card? for the capital. harbor whichformay also be experienced from the an eastern promenade along the navigation canal. InThe moment of arrival in Berlin occupied the minds of the planners in particular.

It was not their goal to contrast to the HafenCity in Hamburg, the planning in this example from Berlin is almost entirely produce "a by totally sterilized? city, as design Neppl has Rather, it was theirsight intention design a determined non-urban plotmodel owners.

The has said. to take care not to lose of thetoinherent station district, instead of a type of "city of Europe.? The district was allowed to be somewhat more contexts.

Planning and Realisation Wettbewerb 2008, 1. Preis PROJECT INFORMATION Planung 2008-heute Realisierung bis 2025 Client CA Immo Deutschland GmbH in Dimensions Zusammenarbeit Land Berlin und der BGF: 520.000 qm mit / 40dem Hektar Deutschen Bahn AG Employees Planning and Realisation Richard Büsching, Frank Eittorf, Judith Freund, Wettbewerb 2008, 1.

Preis Ulrich Hundsdörfer, Inci Yilmaz Planung 2008-heute Realisierung bis 2025 Dimensions BGF: 520.000 qm / 40 Hektar Employees Richard Büsching, Frank Eittorf, Judith Freund, Ulrich Hundsdörfer, Inci Yilmaz

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SIGNIFICANCE My hope in investigating these subjects in light of urban design is to be able to apply them to our growing and changing American urban cores. I believe there is a lot we can learn from European cities and that the world can learn from Berlin in particular. It has a long and hard history to interpret and reconcile with, while also an exciting and promising future as a cultural hub of Europe.

I hope that I can reveal how architecture and public space can directly influence the social and artistic culture in this diverse city, Berlin.

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TEXT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Balfour, Alex. Berlin: The Politics of Order 1737-1989, New York: Rizzoli, 1990.

Berlin Heidestrasse Master Plan: The strategic sustainable design concept for an

innovative central urban quarter. Berlin: Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung, 2009.

“Berlin Property Portal”: Housing Demand and Development in Berlin Since 1880, accessed

November 6th, 2012. http://berlinpropertyportal.com/housing_history.htm#range1945 Broadbent , Philip and Sabine Hake. Berlin: Divided City, 1945-1989. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.

Cupers, Kenny and Markus Miessen. Space of Uncertainty. Wuppertal: Verlag Müller + Busmann

KG, 2002.

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Eckardt, Frank; Nyström, Louise. Culture and the City: Future Urban Research in Europe 3.

Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2009.

Gandelsonas, Mario. X-Urbanism: Architecture and the American City. New York: Princeton

Architectural Press, 1999.

IBA Team, Senate Department for Urban Development. An IBA for Berlin 2020. Berlin: Senatsver

waltung für Stadtentwicklung, 2011.

Jim Hudson, Architecture in Berlin (blog), frequently visited. http://www.architectureinberlin.com/ Pile, Steve. Real Cities: Modernity, Space and the Phantasmagorias of City Life. London: Sage

Publications, 2005.

Pinder, David. Visions of the City: Utopianism, Power and Politics in Twentieth-Century Urbanism.

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005.

Rowe, Colin and Fred Koetter. Collage City. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1984.

Sennett, Richard. Space of Democracy: 1998 Raoul Wallenbuerg Lecture. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan, 1998.

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Stanilov, Kiril. Democracy, markets, and public space in the transitional societies of Central and

Eastern Europe. School of Planning, University of Cincinnati, Ohio. Springer, 2007.

Stimmann, Hans. “The City in Black.” Area: Berlino, no. 99 (2003): 32-57.

Vilder, Anthony. The Scenes of the Street and Other Essays, “Unknown Lands: Guy Debord and the Cartographies of a Landscape to be Inverted”. New York: The Monacelli Press, 2011.

LECTURES Curtis, JR Williams. “Culture – City.” Discussions on Culture and City. Akademie der Künste,

Berlin, Germany. 31 October 2012. Guest Lecture.

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Sennett, Richard. “The Information of Architecture – The Open City.” Discussions on Culture and

City. Akademie der Künste, Berlin, Germany. 12 September 2012. Guest Lecture.

Vanstiphout, Wouter. “Rotterdam: on the politics of spatial design strategies & spatial agency.”

Presentation at the Make_Shift: The Expanded Field of Critical Spatial Practice Interna

tional Conference, TU Berlin Institute for Architecture, Berlin, October 6th 2012.

ESSAYS Frampton, Kenneth. “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of

Resistance, in The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture.” Edited by Hal Foster.

Seattle: Bay Press, 1983.

Rowe, Colin. “Volume Three: Urbanistics.” Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1996.

Sennett, Richard. “The Public Realm: Quant.” Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1996.

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Lauren Vogl A Spatial Shift: Re-occupying Berlin’s No Man’s Land