Dongrui Zhu | Glass Curtainwall Retrofit Through Modular, Kinetic Facades

Glass Curtain Wall Retrofit Through Modular Kinetic Facade Design Safe, Efficient, and Adaptive Urban Office High-rise

Building Typology High-rise An existing all-glass urban office high-rise is selected as the test subject to be augmented with the proposed modular kinetic facade system.

Why office high-rise?

• the versatile “core and shell” structural configuration (primarily in rectangular form) is ideal for seamless modular kinetic system adaptation • Offices are daytime oriented space where natural lighting plays predominant role

Mid-rise

Low-rise

Problems - with urban office high-rises unpleasant/hazardous reflect light

20 Fenchurch Street, London

avian mortality and injury

missed opportunity for natural lighting

Solution?

Site - Chicago

Chicago, IL, USA 41.8781° N, 87.6298° W

(Mapbox)

Site - Chicago Site Information: • many all-glass office high-rises in downtown area and the number is continuously growing • the city is in a typical continental climate zone with hot summer and cold winter • On 04/24/2020, Chicago City Council passed an ordiance to make bird-friendly design a significant part of the city’s skyline.

(Ordiance O2020-136)

(Mapbox)

Site - Chicago Loop Building Location: • Northwest corner of the Loop

(Google Earth)

Site - photos Aerial View

(Google Earth)

Site - 150 N Riverside

150 N Riverside, Chicago, IL 724 ft, 54 stories, 1,464,000 sf total Design: Goettsch Partners Complete Year: 2017

https://www.gpchicago.com/architecture/150-north-riverside/

(Google Earth)

https://www.gpchicago.com/architecture/150-north-riverside/

Solar Radiation Analysis - 150 N Riverside Building envelope incident solar radiation analysis • Summer (6/20 - 9/22)

Southwest

Southeast

Northwest

Northeast

Precedent Studies Kinetic system geometry and movement studies

Al Bahr Towers

ZVK SOKA Bau Office Building

- kinetic systems Kinetic system sketch model mockups (model scale: 1/2” = 1’ - 0”)

Precedent Dynamic Window - Chuck Hoberman The Simon Center for Geometry and Physics at State University of New York

https://www.hoberman.com/portfolio/dynamic-windows/

Kinetic Module Pattern Designs & Evaluation

20

21

Kinetic Module Pattern Designs & Evaluation Stage 0

Pattern 04

Pattern 03

Pattern 02

Pattern 01

Kinetic Module Pattern

Solar Energy Analysis

Stage 1 Kinetic Module Pattern

Solar Energy Analysis

Stage 2 Kinetic Module Pattern

Solar Energy Analysis

Kinetic Module Pattern Designs & Evaluation Stage 0

Pattern 08

Pattern 07

Pattern 06

Pattern 05

Kinetic Module Pattern

Solar Energy Analysis

Stage 1 Kinetic Module Pattern

Solar Energy Analysis

Stage 2 Kinetic Module Pattern

Solar Energy Analysis

Office Floor Plan Shadow Studies

5 10

20

TYP. Office Floor Plan - Kinetic Module Shadow Study -May, 09:00 am

30

50 ft

5 10

20

TYP. Office Floor Plan - Kinetic Module Shadow Study -May, 11:00 am

30

50 ft

Office Floor Plan Shadow Studies

5 10

20

TYP. Office Floor Plan - Kinetic Module Shadow Study -May, 02:00 pm

30

50 ft

5 10

20

TYP. Office Floor Plan - Kinetic Module Shadow Study -May, 04:00 pm

30

50 ft

Design Evaluation Building surface solar radiation analysis - without modular kinetic facade • total incident solar radiation received on building surface: 8.7735 x 10^6 kW/m2

Floor 34 - Floor 36

Northwest Corner

Floor 34 - Floor 36

Southwest Corner

Floor 34 - Floor 36

Northeast Corner

Floor 34 - Floor 36

Southeast Corner

Total Incident Radiation on Building Facade April ‐ September

Design Evaluation

10000000 9000000

8773500

8000000

Building surface solar radiation analysis - with modular kinetic facade installed • total incident solar radiation received on building surface: 4.7436 x 10^6 kW/m

2

kWh/m2

7000000 6000000

4743600

5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0

Floor 34 - Floor 36

Northwest Corner

Floor 34 - Floor 36

Southwest Corner

baseline building façade

façade equipped with kinetic modules

Floor 34 - Floor 36

Northeast Corner

Floor 34 - Floor 36

Southeast Corner

Kinetic Module

- mounted on a typical office floor

Kinetic Module

- mounted on a typical office floor

0

1

2

3

5 ft