Reciprocity Zoning Mixed Housing Block
Year:
2009
Location: Downtown Dallas, Texas Site:
2.5 Acres
Client:
Dallas Mayor’s Office and RE-Vision Dallas
Program:
420 Housing Units Public Space Retail Space
Project Type: Open Competition Urban Design and Architecture Status: Conceptual Design
M a n u e l Ă v i l a Architecture + Urban Design manuelavilaprojects.com
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Reciprocity Zoning
As citizens of the city, we collect, consume, produce and dispose on a daily basis. We are part of an urban ecosystem, inseparable and complex, legible to us only to a certain extent. Attempting to design the “perfect� block, carbon-neutral, energy-independent and self sustained is indeed a noble task. It is also, in our view, a misguided one. Given the complexity of the relevant variables, it would be almost pretentious to claim self-sustenance, let alone carbon-neutrality. A city block is an integral part of the urban ecosystem, and should be designed as such, taking advantage of the different flows the city has to offer, social, economic and environmental.
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5000 ft
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RecipRociTy Zoning: an uRban sTRaTegy
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RecipRociTy Zoning: an uRban sTRaTegy
CENTRAL DALLAS RESIDENTIAL ARMATURE NEW TRINITY RIVER CORRIDOR
URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
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In his book “The Next Industrial Revolution”, William McDonough considers the life cycle of a cherry tree, noting especially the fact that the waste the tree produces contributes, in one way or another, to the ecosystem it is part of. Industry, he continues, produces poisonous waste. Christopher Alexander’s “A City Is Not A Tree” immediately comes to mind, even though Alexander refers to a different kind of tree, a diagrammatic one that represents the operational structure of an ‘artificial’ city. Nonetheless, one cannot help but wonder what would be the most productive analogy in designing an innovative city block. Cities, like trees, but also like industry, produce waste. A city’s spatial waste, even if it is severely contaminated, provides the city with air. It dictates a rhythm of development that is not subject to market forces or rezoning efforts, but to a much slower, almost ‘natural’ rhythm. It does, however, provide us with an infrastructure of left-over spaces that can lend themselves to various needs of the urban ecosystem. By taking advantage of these spaces we can ‘stitch’ new projects into the grid without asking of them to be entirely independent in terms of energy production and consumption, waste processes and water cycles.
The housing block
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densiTy sTudy Models TaRgeT densiTy 170 uniTs/ acRe ﾂｩ Manuel
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The housing block
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Typology development study models
The housing block
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master plan layout study models ﾂｩ Manuel
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The following reciprocity matrix better explores the type of exchanges. The matrix contains 3 realms of resources the project draws on: Natural, Social and Programmatic. Multiple combinations can be created using different resources, each ‘Trio’ reflecting a potential initiative. The collective force of all initiatives is what creates the space of the project.
CITY AGRICULTURE
RESIDEN
CITY
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T PU T U P
OU T IN
OU T IN
T PU T PU
FRESH WATER
SOLAR CITY PANELS
SOLAR PANELS
COM
COMMERCIAL
CITY
AGRICULTURE
COMMERCIAL
COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL RETENTION POND COLLECTION COLLECTION BASINS BASINS
RETENTION POND
FRESH WATER GREY WATER
BLACK WATER ELECTRICITY
GREY WATER BLACK WATER
HEAT PUMP
WIND TURBINES HEAT PUMP
HEATELECTRICITY
PARKING AGRICULTURE
PARKING
WIND TURBINES
HEAT CONSUMABLE
AGRIC
EXTERNAL SO
CONSUMABLE COMPOSTABLE
We envision the 1502 Canton block in central Dallas as an opportunity for reciprocity. Through layout, design and programming, the block operates on varying scales, schedules and operations. Site proximities allow for new exchanges that feed new programmed spaces as well as existing neighboring services. Greater resiliency is created by coordinating the needs of the project with the wants.
AL RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
CITY
PARKING
OFF-SITE RECYCLING
AGRICULTURE
WIND TURBINES
T
CITY
EXTERNAL SOURCES
CONSUMABLE
COMPOSTABLE
RECYCLABLE
LANDFILL
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1 BEDROOM MARKET WORK-LIVE UNITS STUDIO UNITS HOTEL/SHORT TERM
3 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE UNITS
STUDIO UNITS
2 BEDROOM MARKET RATE UNITS
HOTEL/SHORT-TERM RENTAL UNITS
2 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE UNITS
LIVE-WORK UNITS
1 BEDROOM MARKET RATE UNITS
PARKING
1 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE UNITS
COMMERCIAL SPACE
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SUBMISSION NO. 132
ITS
NITS
ITS
a mixed housing block
PU
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL UNITS 420 3 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE UNITS
52
@ 1000 sq. ft. per unit
2 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE UNITS
16
@ 800 sq. ft. per unit
2 BEDROOM MARKET RATE UNITS
94
@ 800 sq. ft. per unit
1 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE UNITS
79
@ 550 sq. ft. per unit
1 BEDROOM MARKET RATE UNITS
58
@ 550 sq. ft. per unit
WORK-LIVE UNITS
60
@ 600 sq. ft. per unit
STUDIO UNITS
52
@ 450 sq. ft. per unit
HOTEL/SHORT TERM RENTAL UNITS 9
@ 450 sq. ft. per unit
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STUDIO UNITS
INT
HOTEL/SHORT-TERM RENTAL UNITS
LIVE-WORK UNITS
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public space 7AM
8AM
9AM
10AM
11AM
12PM
6AM
7AM
8AM
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10AM
11AM
12PM
ICAL COMPONENTS
DESIGN COMPONENTS
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SEPTEMBER 23_ FALL EQUINOX DECEMBER 21_ WINTER SOLSTICE
YEARLY SHADING STUDY
JUNE 21_ SUMMER SOLSTICE
MARCH 21_ SPRING EQUINOX
6AM
SUN TERRACES
ROOFTOP USAGE
Sun Terraces are designed to face south where possible and to overlap partially, so that they provide both a shaded area and a sunny area as often as possible.
Being the only space with unhindered sun exposure, much of the roof space is dedicated to Greenhouses that allow the cultivation of more delicate species like strawberries and tomatoes.
Additional roof spaces are used for collecting sto water which is diverted to the street-level retentio pond.
ROOF GREENHOUSE - MAXIMUM SUN EXPOSURE
PUBLIC SPACE
ORCHARD - HIGH SUN EXPOSURE
BUILDING CIRCULATION
ADJUSTABLE SOLAR FIELD - PARTIAL SUN EXPOSURE
PANELS
In order to maximize the productivity of solar panels, they need to be adjustable, supporting different angles for the different seasons. The panels are embedded in the southern facades shading system, providing flexibility for the users. Additional PV cells
SILENT URBAN TURB
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines can produce energy regardless of the wind direction, and start creatin electricity at as low as 5 mph (wind speed that exists throughout the year in Dallas). The QR turbines were specifically designed for a
1PM
2PM
3PM
4PM
5PM
6PM
1PM
2PM
3PM
4PM
5PM
6PM
GROUND LEVEL Based on the Shadow Analysis, areas that are often shaded are dedicated to water retention. The areas that receive partial sun light are used for field crops, and areas with ample sunlight contain a fruit orchard. The central strip of the block that receives maximum sun light is preserved as a public space, accessible from both sides of the block.
orm on
ng
an
SHADING STUDY HOURS7PM COLLAPSED INTO ONE SEASONAL IMAGE
SHADING STUDY SEASONS COLLAPSED INTO ONE YEARLY IMAGE PER HOUR
o
BINES
7PM
In addition to their agricultural productivity, the field and orchard provide a partial barrier, protecting the private residential areas from the central public space.
PUBLIC SPACE
STORM WATER CATCHMENT BASINS
BUILDING CIRCULATION
STORM WATER AND GRAY WATER RETENTION
DRIP-TAPE IRRIGATION Drip Irrigation provides accurate amounts of water to the exact location of the plant base with minimum loss of effort and water by evaporation and water loss. A main feeder pipe distributes the irrigation water
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