Muzium Telekom by mahi abdul

MUZ I UM 覺 TELEKOM覺

Telekom Museum aims to present visitors with an exhibition showcasing the story of the birth, existence and the future of telecommunications in Malaysia

Acknowled gement覺 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Taylors University Bachelor of Science (honors) (Architecture) ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 ( ARC 60203 ) Prerequisite : Architecture Culture & history 1 MAHI ABDUL MUHSIN 0314421 DANAR JOVIAN 0314575 GARNETTE ROBERT 0315491 CRYSTALLINA ALECIA KAYA 0318742 SWAFAA SIHAQ 0306347

SPECIAL THANKS: MUZIUM TELEKOM MADAM NOR HAYATI

content覺

INTRODUCTION

4-5

HISTORY

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

7 - 16

COMPONENTS

17 - 32

STRUCTURE & CONSTRUCTION 33 - 48 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

I ntroducti on, h istory ı Name: Muzium Telekom Address: Jalan Raja Chulan, 50200 Kuala Lumpu Opening hours: Daily 9:00 am 5:00 pm

Telekom Museum was built in the year 1928. Before it was a museum, it housed a central battery manual telephone exchange. With the development of Kuala Lumpur during the 1920s, the building played a significant role in relaying important information from one end to the other . The National Telecommunicaiton Museum is housed in an impressive and elegant building with greek, mainly neo-classical architectural features. The gallery is divided into two sections, historical and modern gallery. The historical gallery displays relic ‘soundscapes ‘ that allow visitors to listen to level; the modern gallery shows the current telecommunications and technological evolutions and the prospects that are planned for the future The building was apparently slated for demolition when it caught the attention of former Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohammad who immediately had it gazette for conservation in April 1985. This prompted the search for a revised design for it to be restored as the National Telecommunications Museum. The original wrought iron gates of the building are still in use. However, two levels of the museum are inter-connected by a new spiral staircase

arch itectsı Telekom Museum was designed by architect W.F. Hedges (See Figure 0.1) with the aid of State Engineer and Director of the Public Works Department, C.E. Spooner and state architect A. C. Norman ( see figure 0.2 ). The building is believed to have been built by military engineers as the British could not afford many architects during that time. During the years 1880-1920, British educated Chinese, Malay, Indian draftsmen were employed by European construction firms and government departments, these designers took commissions for shop houses and other small buildings, making abundant use of western elements which contributed to “Straits Eclectic Style.

D EVELOP M ENT OF TELEKOM MUS EUMı Telekom Museum stands firmly in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, located at the intersection of Jalan Gereja and Jalan Raja Chulan. The building, formerly addressed as “Bangunan Wilayah Selangor” was erected in 1928. The concept itself was adopted from Greek architecture imposed with classical columns. Before the building served as a museum, it housed a central battery manual telephone exchange. The involved operators would connect telephone subscriber lines or virtual circuits to digital systems in order to establish telephone calls between other subscribers. Figure 0.1 – Architect W.F Hedges

Figure 0.2 – A.C Norman

H istory of arch itecture in malaysia ı ARCHITECTURE HISTORY IN MALAYSIA Old buildings in Malaysia consist of Western Classical, Gothic, and Moghul style. Before independence, there were no records of any single print of “Malayan” architecture style found. With this, most of the buildings have influences of foreign architecture style such as the famous Western classical style, brought in by the British during their reign in Malaysia. In the later years, the Malays developed a vernacular style by using timber, a natural resource found in Malaysia. Its uses were seen in traditional temples and local buildings. Subsequently, with the influx of immigrants, other buildings styles from the immigrant’s homeland were introduced in Malaysia. With influences of so many architectural styles came an eclectic mix that created a unique style. This style is known as ‘Straits Eclectic’. This style is unique to Malaysia as it takes into consideration the factors such as weather and local needs of the residents. With all the foreign influences from different architectural styles, Neoclassicism appeared to be the most dominant style seen in Malaysia.

Figure 0.4 - Sir Frank Athelstan Swettenham (28 March 1850 – 11 June 1946) the first Resident General of the Federated Malay States. His involvement resulted in Kuala Lumpur to be reconstructed in brick and tile

Figure 0.3 – Early Straits Eclectic Source : Mr Fazmir , Muzeum telekom

ARCH ITECTURAL STYLE覺 BY: MAH I AB DUL MU HSI N覺

CONTENT: 1- HISTROY OF NEOCLASSISM 2- CHARACTERISTICS 3- ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES 4- COMPARISONS 5- OTHER EXAMPLES OF NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE IN MALAYSIA 6- CONCLUSION

h istory of n eo-classismı Noclassicism was the most dominant Architecture style in Europe during 1750s-1850s, marked by the imitation of Greco-Roman forms. This movement was a result of previous excessive decorative features in the 18th and 19th century ( Rococo and Baroque ) It was used in a range of architectural forms, including churches, arches, temples, houses, terraces, garden monuments and interior designs. Neoclassical architecture became an international style; each country having distinct characteristics which reflected the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.

Figure 1.1 - L'église de la Madeleine, Paris

K ey Elementsı Symmetry. Form and balance dominate the neo classical style. Tall columns. The full-height front porch is supported by a row of columns, usually Doric and ionic in style and always even in number.

Figure 1.2 - Arts House, Singapore ( old Parliament house ) designed by George Drumgoole.

Elaborate doorways. The doorways often have decorative surrounds and pediments,.

Neo classism in malaysia

Evenly spaced windows. The windows have double-hung sashes, most often divided into six or eight panes

Figure 1.3 – George Drumgoole

This particular style was brought into Malaya by the British. Features were altered in accordance to the local climate. British architect by the name of George Drumgoole Coleman Greatly influenced neo-classical architecture in malaya. (See Figure 1.3) Coleman was professionally trained in Calcutta for five years since 1815. He first came to Singapore and contributed a lot to the architectural scene during that time.

ch aracteristics of n eo-classismı architraves pediment columns

Temple style – ( figure 1.4 -Pantheon, by Jacques-Germaine Soufflot ) Neoclassical buildings can be divided into three main types. 1- A temple style building, which features a design based on an ancient temple. Columns of temples were used to carry the weight of the building's structure. But later they became used as a graphical element 2- A Palladian building, based on Palladio's style of villa construction. 3- Classical block buildings, featuring a vast rectangular (or square) plan, with a flat ( or low-lying) roof and an exterior rich in classical detail.

FEATURESı

Peristyle of Museum Telekom - open space enclosed by a colonnade. A colonnade denotes a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building.

-  -  -  -  -  -  -

ENTIRE CLASSIACAL VOLUMES GRANDEUR OF SCALE UNCLUTTERED APPEARANCE SIMPLICITY OF GEOMETRIC FORMS DRAMATIC USE OF COLUMNS BLANK WALLS COURTYARDS

PALLADIAN STYLE The most famous Palladian architect of the Neoclassical period is Britain's Robert Adam, who designed many fine country houses. These mansions illustrate that while Palladian architecture shares certain basic features (derived from the villas of Palladio ), it takes diverse forms.

peristyle

Evenly spaced windows Triumphal arc shape courtyard Robert Adam, Palladian style

Figure 1.5 - Robert Adam, Chatsworth house

CLASSICAL BLOCK A classical block building ( refer to figure 25 ) features a vast rectangular (or square) plan, Flat roof with a flat (or low-lying) roof and an exterior rich in classical detail. The exterior is divided into multiple levels, each of which features a repeated classical pattern, often a series of arches and/or columns. The overall columns impression of such a building is an enormous, classically-decorated rectangular block. (The classical block aesthetic is also arches known as "Beaux-Arts style", since it was developed principally by the French Ă&#x2030;cole des Beaux-Arts.)

Figure 1.6 - Garnier ( paris Opera â&#x20AC;&#x201C; exterior on left/interior on right ), Classical Block

N eo classism in mus eum Telekom覺

ARCH GATEWAY

TOWER

ARCHITRAVES

PAIR OF VOLUTES DECORATING THE CAPITAL

ORNAMENTAL WINDOWS

South view

SOUTH ENTRANCE

– alexandar comparisonComparison – alexander palace palace

CORRIDOR – WALKWAY CONNECTING TWO WINGS OPEN COURTYARD TOWERS COLUMNS WINGS ( ON EITHER SIDES )

Figure 1.7 – Perspective showing façade of Alexander Palace

Figure 1.8 – Perspective showing façade of Alexander Palace

Each building consists of a wing of either sides of the main hall. The façade of Both Museum Telekom and Alexander Palace is graced by the use of columns. Museum Telekom consists of 8 rows of ionic columns where as Alexander Palace consists of 2 rows of 12 Corinthian columns. The two buildings also have an open courtyard, although the palace courtyard is massive compared to the Museum.

Alexander Palace is located in Tsarskoe Selo, St. Petersburg, the palace was a gift from Catherine the Great, Russia’s longest ruling female leader (1762-1796), to her grandson, Alexander the first. The building consists of a neoclassical style designed by Italian architect Giacomo Quarenghi , who had found immense interest in neoclassical architecture in France through designs by English architect Indigo Jones. He was very much influenced by the Palladian style in Venice. The palace was completed in the year 1796 and is still standing. It is open to public viewing.

in fluences – KURH AUS, wi es badenı Museum Telekom and The kurhaus both have ionic columns erected on its entrance façade. In addition to that, both buildings have windows aligned symmetrically to one another on either sides of the main portico

Ornamented pediment

architraves Volutes of ionic column capital Fluted Shafts The Kurhaus is the spa house in Wiesbaden, the capital of Hesse, Germany. It serves as the city's convention centre, and is the social center of the spa town with many events throughout the year. It was opened in 1907 and designed by Architect Friedrich von Thierach OPEN COURTYARD

I n fluences –- Alcazar &, cath edral of vi lni usı

OPEN COURTYARD OF MUZIUM TELEKOM

TH E ALCAZARı

FIGURE 1.9 - OPEN COURTYARD OF MUZIUM TELEKOM

FIGURE 1.10 – OPEN COURTYARD OF ALCAZAR

the alcazar is slightly a royal palace in Seville, Spain, (see figure 19) this building was originally a fort. Moorish buildings are well known for their usage of courtyards. with this, it can be said that the architects of Telekom museum were slightly influenced by Moorish architecture. both buildings have similar characteristics as its courtyards serve as an open central court can be an important aid to cooling house in hot climates. the comforts offered by a courtyard — air, light, privacy, security, and tranquility, are properties nearly universally desired in human housing.

TH E CATH EDRAL OF VI LNI USı Situated in Vilnius Old Town, the Cathedral of Vilnius is the main Roman Catholic Cathedral of Lithuania. (See Figure 1.12) It is apparent that the Neo-Classical design of this architectural style had influenced Telekom Museum. (See Figure 1.11) This can be seen through the similar ionic columns that grace the front façade of both buildings. Columns found in the museum are similar to Neo- Classical architecture, these structural pieces give great height and a sense of grandeur to a building. FIGURE 1.11 – MUZIUM TELEKOM

FIGURE 1.12 – FAÇADE , CATHEDRAL OF VILNIUS

h istorical examp les of n eo-classism in Malaysia覺

FIGURE 1.13 ( OLD CITY HALL, PENANG )

Built in 1903 in an impressive Palladian, Neo-classical style, the Old City Hall ( figure 30 )building portrays a fine example of admirable British colonial architecture still in existence in Georgetown, Penang. On 29 July 1982, the Federal Government has listed this 2-storey building of significant historical and architectural values as a national monument under the Antiquities Act 1976. The Old City Hall currently houses the Council Chamber as well as some offices of the Penang Municipal Council (MPPP).

FIGURE 1.14 ( SEREMBAN STATE LIBRARY)

Situated in the vicinity of the Seremban Lake Gardens is the state library which used to be the State Secretariat Building. Built in 1912 by B.P Habback of Britain with the assistance of the state Public Works Department, this stately building reflects the colonial architecture of a bygone era. The architects used classically proportioned columns ( see figure 1.14 ) and plaster, using Doric, Ionian and Corinthian capitals, to create these majestic structures.

Source : http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/British/

Conclusi on 覺

Aesthetically, British colonial architecture in Malaysia is essentially a hybrid of many Style of Architecture. Under Western influence, the buildings sometimes look Classical, sometimes Gothic and sometimes show the influence of oriental forms. Most of them were modified to a greater or lesser degree by the use of local building materials and architectural traditions.

ARCH ITECTURAL COMPO N ENTSı materials ı By: Swafaa Si h ag (ı

BY:BY: crystallina danar jovianı aleciaı

CONTENT: 1- COLUMNS 2- DOORS & WINDOWS 3- STAIRCASE AND GATE 4- COMPARISONS 5- SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

C O L U M N Sı IONIC COLUMNS The term “ionic” can be defined as one of the three column styles developed in ancient Greece, a more slender and ornate than the earlier Doric style. These columns can be easily recognize by the two scrolls, called volutes, found on its capital. It is designed based on nautilus shells and animal horns. The façade of the Telekom Museum is decorated with 8 ionic columns. These columns are made out of concrete and plaster and finished by a layer of white paint. The capitals of the columns are enriched with a style of egg and dart style ornamentation. They separate the shaft of the column from the stylobate by standing on a base.

Features of an Ionic column: -  Stand on a base of stacked disks -  Shafts are usually fluted, but can be plain -  Contains a pair of volutes (scroll shaped ornaments) that decorate the capital

Figure 2.2 – Overlook of the column’s shaft

Figure 2.3 – Details of the Ionic columns Figure 2.1 – The front façade of the Museum

D O ORS AN D WI N D OWSÄą COLONIAL GRID PLACEMENTS The glass panels are a typical colonial type of panelling. Each window found on the building are arranged in a 7x6 or 8x6 colonial grids. OPERABLE WINDOWS Not all the windows in the museum are functional. Only one third of them are functional. The windows in the museum provides more benefit in terms of natural lighting rather than its original usage of providing air ventilation. The colonial style uniform grid provides an equal division of light. The windows were installed for only appearance purposes.

ORNAMENTATION Lintels can be a load bearing component that can be combined with an ornamented structural item. These embellishments can be found on majority of the windows. They are made out of designed precast concrete ornamentation, which is similar to those British Colonial windows.

The museum contains many windows that allows ventilation as well as protection from the weather. The windows are of similar type but can be differentiated by the ornamentations styles.

DOORS Since this building is a neoclassical concept, the doors used for each of the museumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s room are based on the 1920s. They mainly focused on two of the many famous designs during that time. They are the Sussex and the Avon. These doors are made out of timber.

STAIRCAS E AN D GATEÄą

SPIRAL STAIRCASE One of the unique architectural elements in this building is the spiral staircase inside the museum itself. This spiral staircase is made out of concrete, layered by a reflective steel and carpeting covered the steps of the stairs. The railings are made out of glass with a steel handle.

THE MAIN GATE Gates are movable barriers, usually in hinges, closing an opening in an enclosure. Figure 1. is the museumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main entrance that provides a monumental feel to the area. This gate is well decorated with floral motif of gold and black resembling triumph, abundance and quality.

COMPARISO NS覺

IONIC COLUMNS Ionic columns made out of precast concrete

The columns in both the Temple of Athena Nike and the Telekom Museum shares the same type, Ionic

WINDOW ORNEMENTATIONS Ornamentations are made out on precast concrete/plaster

The ornaments on windows in the Buckingham Palace resembles to the one that is on the windows of the Telekom Museum

COMPARISO NSÄą

DOORS (AVON) The doors are both made out of timber

Both doors from the 16 th century and the ones that are installed in the museum has the same 3 vertical panels going across the door

MAIN GATE The main gates are made out of wrought iron

Comparison with the Buckingham Palaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main gate, they both share almost the same type of decorations on the gate, covered with gold colour paint.

S P A T I A L

O R G A N I Z A T I O Nı The spatial organization in this building is divided into three different spaces. The public, semi-public and the private space. The public spaces are for example the museum gallery itself, the sickbay to attend the sick and an open courtyard on the ground floor which usually used for events purposes. These spaces are more concentrated in the central part of the building. The semi-public spaces are spaces that is partially accessible, like the prayer room (Surau) which is only for the Muslims only. The toilets are also considered as private spaces. The private spaces such as the offices, kitchen and the storage room, are located in the wings of the building. These spaces has a smaller space compared to the public spaces. As such, it is a suitable space for private spaces.

PUBLIC SPACE

Figure 2.4 – The Ground Floor Plan

SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE PRIVATE SPACE

Figure 2.5 – The First Floor Plan

CO NCLUSI O Nı

C O M P O N E N T S ı ı

Architectural components are the unique specific details and component parts that, together, form its own architectural style of houses, buildings or structures. Influences from the Greek and the Palladian style of architecture formed the overall look of the building, with a tweak of changes made in order to function on its nowadays purposes such as the windows which are not all operable due to the fact that it’s not used often.

MATERIALSı materials ı By: Swafaa Si h ag (ı

BY:BY: crystallina crystallina aleciaı aleciaı

CONTENT: 1- INTRODUCTION 2- WALL 3- FLOORING 4- GATE RAILING 5- STAIR CASE 6- DOORS AND WINDOWS

I NTRODUCTI O N TO MATERIALSı N eo classical bui ld ings h ave few defining ch aracteristics:ı ı

Clean, elegant lines

Uncluttered appearance

Free standing columns

Massive buildings

Brick is beloved for its low maintenance, but occasionally mortar joints will need tuck pointing to address deterioration. Wood, present as door and window trim, columns, shutters and roof-line balustrades, should be inspected for rot and moisture problems. These materials will need to be painted or stained periodically to keep them in sound condition.

The ideal form that neoclassical architecture looks at was the temple. Which was represented classical architecture in its purest form. Simplicity and massive size is emphasized in the buildings during this era. Figure 3..0

Figure 1.1 Hence, brick is commonly used for neoclassical buildings for its rustic and solid feature. For instance, the Monticello. It is the most famous example of neoclassical architecture in the United States (Refer to figure 3.0). The classic use of symmetry, the stately brick exterior and the home’s center-hall floor plan are all characteristic of the style, albeit on a grand, grand scale.

concrete

wood

brick

concrete columns

WALLS 覺 CO NCRETE覺

BRICK覺

It is strong material, easy to work with, has high tensile strength and also low cost.

Bricks are commonly used in most buildings because its aesthetic, strong, has good porosity, fire resistant, great sound and thermal insulation and they are long lasting.

Figure 3.2

Brick exhibits better thermal insulation compare to other building materials like concrete. Brick (refer to figure 3.1) absorbs and releases heat slowly , thus resulting the museum to be cool during the day and warm during the night. Figure 3.3

As the concept of the building is Neo Classicism, the column style is adopted from the Greek Revival era. It is composed of concrete and plaster finished with a white-off painting (refer to figure 3.2 and figure 3.3)

PRECAST CO NCRETE覺 Ornamentations on the window serves as a decorative architectural element to the building. Made out of precast concrete ornamentations as concrete is easy to mold into shapes desired. (refer to figure 3.4)

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.4

FLO ORI NGı CERAM ICı Ceramics are durable. It is also stain resistant thus, if anything spills on it, it can be removed easily. Ceramic is also able to withstand high heat.

TI M B ERı Timber are aesthetically beautiful. It is also very durable and has high tensile strength. Timber flooring is used in the museum. This gives the building a sense of nostalgia since the museum was built during the British Colonization.

The tiles are mainly used exteriorly as it is more open to public. Therefore, ceramic tiles are easy to be maintained.

RO OFI NGı MARS EI LLES CLAY TI LESı Clay is a strong material. It is able to withstand high heat and also they are aesthetic. It provides efficient coverage and sufficient passage of air flow in and out of the roof space.

GATE RAI LI NG覺

WROUGHT IRO N覺 Wrought iron are also considered to be a decorative architectural element as it is easily molded into shapes and sizes desired. It does not corrode easily. Therefore, it is suitable to be placed outdoors. This gate is located at the main entrance of the museum. It is painted black and gold to create a monumental feeling as you enter the building.

STAIRCAS E覺 STAINLESS STEEL Stainless steel are ferrous metal. It does not corrode easily when exposed to water and air. It is also hard and tough thus making it a durable material. Stainless steels are able to withstand heat. It can be used both interiorly a n d e x t e r i o r l y. F o r t h e museum, it is used interiorly in the gallery. The gallery is where the historical items are kept. As steel has shiny and reflective surface, it reflects the light in the museum hence creating an ambiance to do museum to fill the room with nostalgic feeling.

GLASS Heat strengthened glass is heat treated glass. It is twice the strength of annealed glass. This type of glass is called safety glass. The glass is used where a certain degree of strength is required with not too high a degree of hazard risks. This glass is used as part of the staircase. With the reflective stainless steel railing, it creates an effect as if the staircase is floating. Together with the lighting in the room, it creates a sentimental feeling.

D O ORS AN D WI N D OWS覺

Frosted glass

FROSTED GLASS覺 It is produced by acid etching one side or two sides of a piece of float glass. Acid-etched glass has a distinctive, uniformly smooth and satin- like appearance. Acid-etched glass admits diffused light and is translucent as opposed to transparent. Frosted glass prevents direct sunlight from entering the museum. It protects the furniture from being damage by UV lights. When the glass shatters, it wont harm others.

CO NCLUSI O NÄą Materials are used to incorporate various textures into an environment to create different feelings. Materials are also used to emphasize on the style of the building. Approaching the entrance with the tall columns made out of concrete with white finishing, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll make you feel grand and lavish. From an all white exterior, entering a room covered with timber flooring, it gives a feeling of nostalgic. The timber as if its telling a story of from centuries ago due to the groove line on it.

STRUCTURE &an d exteri or compon ents覺 By: Swafaa Si h ag (覺

BY: garn ete ro b ert覺

CONTENT: 2.0- Introduction. 2.1- Interior Doors and Windows 2.2- Interior ceiling finishing 2.3- Interior Spiral staircase 2.4- Interior flooring timber finishing 2.5- Interior dry walls.

Structureı

MAI N Facade of th e bui ld ing ı

columns

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Most of the building’s external façade are identical except for the front which are colonnade, which is a row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof, an entablature, or arches. In the case of the colonnade shown in figure 4.1, beside, which consists of eight columns, its function is to provide a sense of grandeur and importance to a government building shown in figure 4.2. This was apparent in the past where used in ancient Greek architecture. This form is achieved by stretching the entire height of two floors thus giving it a double volume impression. Its functional interior on the other hand have only a single volume height which allows the full use of the double stories and yet somehow retaining its sense of grandness and awe. Telekom Museum’s main facade is decorated with 8 ionic columns, which are composed of concrete and plaster, finished by a layer of off-white paint. The capitals of the its columns are also enriched with egg-and-dart style ornamentation, while standing on a base separating the shaft of the column from the stylobate (this is a stepped platform on which colonnades are placed). Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4 ( Lintels )

Lintels as shown in figure 4.4 can be a decorative architectural element, a load-bearing building component, or a combined ornamented structural item. These embellishments are found on majority of the windows. You will find lintels of geometrical designs similar to that of British Colonial windows grace the façade of Telekom Museum with its classical presence. They are made out of precast concrete ornamentation,

StructureÄą

Figure 4.5 Courtyard view from the entrance.

Figure 4.6 The pathway

Figure 4.7 View from the outside to the arch leading to the courtyard

CourtyardÄą As you enter the archway (figure 4.7), it brings you to the courtyard which is a public space that gives a sense of grandeur to the visitors. (figure 4.5) Where also its structure serves a purpose, as an open central court can be an important aid to cooling places in hot climates. The comforts offered by a courtyard (figure 4.8) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; air, light, privacy, security and tranquility, are properties nearly universally desired. It also allows light to penetrate to enhance all the materials used in the building.

Figure 4.8 The pathway from the second floor.

Exteri or Constructi onsı Telekom Museum has a unique roof design adapted for the local context which gives it an effective climatic response. The roof may appear to be a typical roof but it actually has an opening at the back which provides efficient ventilation for the building. There are also many different types of walls in the construction process of the museum. Figure 4.9 The model of the Telekom Museum

Tiles

Ro ofı

Ridge Board

Sarking or Roofing Felt

Battens Rafter Figure 3.10 Detailed drawings of the Roof

Wall Plate

The various construction types of a roof are virtually continuous forms, impervious membranes, a layer of overlapping fabrics and interlocking materials. Its finishes are based on the desired appearance and roof type. When choosing the roofing material and construction methods, climatic conditions must also be taken into account. Due to Malaysia’s equatorial climate, a pitched hip roof was chosen and adopted in Telekom Museum’s roof construction. Apart from reducing rain water from pooling onto the building’s roof, this roof system can also withstand harsh weather.

Exteri or Constructi onsı Ro of Trussı Another essential element in constructing the roof is the roof truss. There are various types of roof truss depending on the roof type. Telekom Museum’s case, a common roof truss system is used. This particular truss system consists of a triangular shaped frame complete with 2 equal lengths of rafters and pitch joined the apex and are connected by a ceiling tie. Besides that, the web (inner of the triangular frame) used for the museum’s truss is the fink. It can easily be recognized by the ‘W’ shaped web.

Web

Truss Ties Strut Rafter Figure 3.11 Detailed drawings of the Roof Truss

Figure 3.13 Simple diagram drawings to show the mono truss shape and form.

Figure 4.12 Detailed drawings of the Mono Roof

Exteri or Constructi onsı Ro of Ti leı As shown in figure 4.14 and 4.15 , the roofing tiles used in constructing this particular building are called Marseilles clay roof tiles. Marseilles clay roof tiles provides efficient coverage and also allows sufficient amount of air flow in and out of the roof space. The tiles are made to be set closely to each adjacent tile, allowing a close and secure fit. As shown in figure 4.16 they are fixed to the batten using copper wire. Figure 4.14

Figure 4.15 Clay Roof Tiles

Tiles

Battens

Figure 4.16 Tiles made to be set closely

Rafter

Guttering Figure 3.17 Detailed drawings of the Roof gutter

A roof too consists of gutters as shown in figure 4.17, which are usually constructed at the end of the roof’s joist on older houses, which is consistent with the design of this 86 years old museum.

Exteri or Constructi ons覺 Wall覺 Walls are vertical planes which supports the roof as well as the ceiling. They provide shelter against the weather, safety, and most importantly a habitable space. Types of walls used in the construction of Telekom Museum are Reinforce Concrete Wall, Masonry Wall and also Dry Wall (Partition Board Wall System).

Rein forced Concrete Walls覺

Figure 3.18 Vertical Walls

Figure 3.19 Reinforced Concrete Walls

Since Telekom Museum is an old building, most of the walls constructed are by using the traditional materials or traditional construction methods. However, certain walls situated about the compound are constructed using reinforced concrete walls. One of the components constructed by the using reinforced concrete is the curved wall surrounding the back perimeter of Muzium Telekom that separates Telekom Museum and the Telekom Office. The walls are constructed by reinforced concrete slabs connected together. The walls are typically joined to the foundations through the foundations walls or footings through steel dowels. Later on, it will be overlap with the vertical reinforcement existing in the wall. The wall slabs are then vertically joined to each other by an embedded metal plate in between the slabs. Concrete slabs used at the partition of Telekom Museum and Telekom Office

Figure 3.20 The connection of walls to the foundation

Exteri or Constructi ons覺 Masonry wall覺 Masonry walls are made up of blocks stacked up to form walls. The blocks are bonded together through the use of mortars; the most efficient way in constructing masonry walls. For Telekom Museum, all of the external walls are made up by using grouted masonry walls. The wall unit are made up by using bricks in which the interior joints are filled with grout. Apart from being held together with only grout/ mortars, bricks are tied together with metal ties. The bricks are arranged perpendicularly to form two or more planes. Figure 4.21 Masonry Wall

Figure 4.22 Section of the masonry wall with grout in between as well as the metal ties holding the two tiers together

Figure 4.23 Plan view of the masonry bricks arranged to form perpendicular planes of wall connected together.

CO NCLUSI O N覺

STRUCTURE 覺 Structure is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion referring to the recognition, observation, nature and permanence of patterns and relationships of entities. A structure is a body or assemblage of bodies in space to form a system capable of supporting loads. Physical structures include man-made and natural elements or arrangements. Buildings, skeletons and dams are examples of structure.

EXTERI OR CO NSTRUCTI O N 覺覺

Construction is the process of preparing for and the forming of buildings and building systems. Constructions starts with planning, design and financing and continues until the structure is ready for occupancy. Construction is very general term meaning the art and science to form material or immaterial objects, systems or organizations.

I NTERI OR CO NSTRUCTI O N D ETAI LS AN D FI NIS H ES覺 By: Swafaa Si h ag (覺

BY: swafa si h aq覺

CONTENT: 1- Introduction. 2- Interior Doors and Windows 3- Interior ceiling finishing 4- Interior Spiral staircase 5- Interior flooring timber finishing 6- Interior dry walls.

I ntroducti on.

Telecom museum has the rich historical style, which is the neoclassical style. Thus making the building stand out in its urban context, which is the KL city. However the interior spaces have a slight contrast, which is the modern style as well, this is because to maintain the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history style, you have to renovate, therefore because if this the interior spaces have modern components, example spiral staircases and Gympus ceiling. Therefore, this section will talk about the interior construction details of the modern and neoclassical construction details and finishes.

Figure 5.0 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; interior celeing.

Figure 5.1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; spiral staircase.

2.1 - I nteri D oAN ors anN dDWin I NTERI OR –- Dor O ORS D WI OWSd ı ows.

The doors used of the museum’s room are of the neoclassical style. The design used in this building mostly the Sussex and the Avon design type. The door shown in figure 5.3 is a typical Avon design type which consists of 9 standard vertical panels with 3 panels. Material used is the classical timber, and the door details are shown in figure 5.2

Figure 5.2 – Door contruction details

Figure 5.3 – Avon door style.

The windows in the interior are the similar type of style like those in exterior. However just ornamented differently. The interior windows are only a quarter operable. This is because it is mostly used for natural lighting purposes. The glass placement is in a typical colonial grid placement. The glass panes are arranged in a 7x6 or 8x6 colonial grid. The materials are glass which are supported with grilles( muntins) As shown in figure 5.5.

Figure 5.4 – window construction Details.

Figure 5.5– colonial grid window

45 2.2 LI - ING nteri or ling finis h ing.ı CEI FI NIS H Icei NGS ı

The interior roof finishing used is gypsum boards, as shown in figure 5.6 this is because the interior of this building is used as a museum, with a modern style. Therefore gypsum is a very good reflective material for light making the presentation of the historical objects neatly displayed. Also the ceiling can be styled differently due to its flexibility in modeling. The construction details of gypsum ceiling is light and simple as shown in figure 5.8 5.6– Gypsum ceiling

Figure 5.7– gypsum board.

Figure 5.8 – gymsum ceiling construction details

46 - I nteri or Sp SP2.3 IRAL STAIRCAS Eı iral staircas e.ı

The spiral staircase is situated in the gallery that connects the modern gallery to the research based area. This is a modern type of spiral staircase, with modern material finishes because it is situated in the middle of the gallery. It glamorizes the interior space, making the movement and circulation in the continuous manner, and that is what is needed in a gallery. A smooth circulation. The spiral staircase also maximizes the space of the gallery.

Figure 6.0 – spiral staircase in galary.

The constructions details of the spiral staircase is shown in figure 5.9. materials used for the finishing of the spiral staircase are steel railings as shown in figure 6.1. As for the timber steps, they are covered with a carpet like materials.

Figure 5.9 – spiral staircase construction details.

Figure 6.1 – staircase railings.

2.4ORI - I nteri or tiı m b er finis h es.ı FLO NG –- TI Mflo B ERoring FI NIS H ES

The interior spaces especially the gallery flooring have a timber finishing even though the building is a neoclassical style, the interior spaces have to be maintained therefor renovated in a modern way the flooring is timber and not any other material because it is a good light reflective surface, therefor good for displaying ornaments and valuable objects. Timber flooring are also soft underfoot, it makes the users visiting the gallery able to walk smoothly and lightly creating a smooth circulation.

Figure 6.2 – timber flooring

The construction of the timber flooring is also simple and light as shown in figure 6.3. It can also be easily maintained and replaced when renovated.

Figure 6.3 – timber flooring construction details.

2.5 - I nteri or dry walls.ı I NTERI OR –- DRY WALLS ı Even though the building is mostly concrete wall, some spaces in the building have been divided with a dry wall system to create smaller spaces. This is because to not change the original style and design of the building. As these walls can be easily removed when not needed without destructing the building. Dry wall, unlike mansory and concrete wall, is a non-load bearing wall, it is however relatively fast and easy to be installed, and a very neat installation process unlike other walls construction process. Materials that were used in the construction of the dry walls in the building, are gypsum boards which were then covered with a wallpapers as the finidhing. To construct the boards, large and rigid sheets of gypsum boards are fastened directly to the frame either by nils or screws. This system creates free air circulation between the boards. Figure 6.4 shows the construction details of the dry wall.

Figure 6.4 – dry wall construction details.

CO NCLUSI O N覺

I NTERI OR CO NSTRUCTI O N 覺覺

Construction is the process of preparing for and the forming of buildings and building systems but on the interior. Constructions starts with planning, design and financing and continues until the structure is ready for occupancy. Construction is very general term meaning the art and science to form material or immaterial objects, systems or organizations. Similar to the previous work but examples of interior constructions are walls, doors, windows, stairs and many more.

REFERENCES http://www.ontarioarchitecture.com/neoclassical.htm http://www.muziumtelekom.com.my/aboutus.html http://www.alliedtruss.com/Allied_Truss/Technical_Info.html http://www.chhwoodproducts.com.au/bushfire-protection-ecoply-corrugated-steel-roofsystem/ http://www.nachi.org/forum/f16/moisture-management-32171/ http://watsontownbrick.com/structure-brick/ http://www.malaysia-traveller.com/telekom-museum.html http://architecturestyles.org/neoclassical/ http://www.worldofleveldesign.com/categories/architecture/neoclassical/ neoclassical_architecture.php http://www.essential-humanities.net/western-art/architecture/neoclassical-romantic/