MUZIUM TELEKOM
Acknowledgement, members SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Taylors University Bachelor of Science (honors) (Architecture) ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 ( ARC 60203 ) Prerequisite : Architecture Culture & history 1 MAHI ABDUL MUHSIN 0314421 DANAR JOVIAN 0314575 GARNETTE ROBERT 0315491 CRYSTALLINA ALECIA KAYA 0318742 SWAFAA SIHAQ 0306347
SPECIAL THANKS: MUZIUM TELEKOM MADAM NOR HAYATI
content INTRODUCTION
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HISTORY
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ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
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CONSTRUCTION
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MATERIALS
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COMPONENTS
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SPATIAL ANALYSIS
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CONCLUSION
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Introduction Name : Muzium Telekom Address: Jalan Raja Chulan, 50200 Kuala Lumpu
The National Telecommunicaiton Museum is housed in an impressive and elegant building with greek, mainly neo-classical architectural features. The gallery of the museum is divided into two main sections, historical and modern gallery. The historical gallery displays relic ‘soundscapes ‘ and the modern gallery shows the current telecommunications and technological evolutions and the prospects that are planned for the future HISTORY OF BUILDING Telekom Museum was built in the year 1928. Before it was a museum, it housed a central battery manual telephone exchange. With the development of Kuala Lumpur during the 1920s, the building played a significant role in relaying important information from one end to the other .The building was apparently slated for demolition when it caught the attention of former Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohammad who immediately had it gazette for conservation in April 1985. This prompted the search for a revised design for it to be restored as the National Telecommunications Museum. The original wrought iron gates of the building are still in use. However, two levels of the museum are inter-connected by a new spiral staircase
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architects Telekom Museum was designed by architect W.F. Hedges (See Figure 3) with the aid of State Engineer and Director of the Public Works Department, C.E. Spooner (See Figure 32) and state architect A. C. Norman. The building is believed to have been built by military engineers as the British could not afford many architects during that time. During the years 1880-1920, British educated Chinese, Malay, Indian draftsmen were employed by European construction firms and government departments, these designers took commissions for shop houses and other small buildings, making abundant use of western elements which contributed to “Straits Eclectic Style.”
DEVELOPMENT OF TELEKOM MUSEUM Telekom Museum stands firmly in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, located at the intersection of Jalan Gereja and Jalan Raja Chulan. The building, formerly addressed as “Bangunan Wilayah Selangor” was erected in 1928. The concept itself was adopted from Greek architecture imposed with classical columns. Before the building served as a museum, it housed a central battery manual telephone exchange. The involved operators would connect telephone subscriber lines or virtual circuits to digital systems in order to establish telephone calls between other subscribers. architect W.F. Hedges- Figure 3
A.C Norman- Figure 4
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history ARCHITECTURE HISTORY IN MALAYSIA Old buildings in Malaysia consist of Western Classical, Gothic, and Moghul style. Before our independence, there were no records of any single print of “Malayan” architecture style found. With this, most of the buildings have influences of foreign architecture style such as the famous Western classical style, brought in by the British during their reign in Malaysia. In the later years, the Malays developed a vernacular style by using timber, a natural resource found in Malaysia. Its uses were seen in traditional temples and local buildings. Subsequently, with the influx of immigrants, other buildings styles from the immigrant’s homeland were introduced in Malaysia. With influences of so many architectural styles came an eclectic mix that created a unique style. This style is known as ‘Straits Eclectic’. This style is unique to Malaysia as it takes into consideration the factors such as weather and local needs of the residents. With all the foreign influences from different architectural styles, Neoclassicism appeared to be the most dominant style seen in Malaysia.
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE By: mahi abdul muhsin
CONTENT: 1- HISTROY OF NEOCLASSISM 3- CHARACTERISTICS 4- ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES 5- COMPARISONS 6- OTHER EXAMPLES OF NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE IN MALAYSIA 6- CONCLUSION
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history of neo-classism neoclassicism was the most dominant Architecture style in Europe during 1750s-1850s, marked by the imitation of Greco-Roman forms. This movement was a result of previous excessive decorative features in the 18th and 19th century ( Rococo and Baroque ) It was used in a range of architectural forms, including churches, arches, temples, houses, terraces, garden monuments and interior designs. Neoclassical architecture became an international style; each country having distinct characteristics which reflected the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.
Figure 2.1 L'ĂŠglise de la Madeleine, Paris
Key Elements Symmetry. Form and balance dominate the neo classical style. Tall columns. The full-height front porch is supported by a row of columns, usually Doric and ionic in style and always even in number.
Figure 2.2 - Arts House, Singapore ( old Parliament house ) designed by George Drumgoole.
Elaborate doorways. The doorways often have decorative surrounds and pediments,.
Neo classism in malaysia
Evenly spaced windows. The windows have double-hung sashes, most often divided into six or eight panes
Figure 2.3 – George Drumgoole
This particular style was brought into Malaya by the British. Features were altered in accordance to the local climate. British architect by the name of George Drumgoole Coleman Greatly influenced neo-classical architecture in malaya. (See Figure 2.3) Coleman was professionally trained in Calcutta for five years since 1815. He first came to Singapore and contributed a lot to the architectural scene during that time.
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characteristics of neo-classism architraves pediment columns
Figure 2.4 - Temple style – Pantheon, by Jacques-Germain Soufflot Neoclassical buildings can be divided into three main types. 1- A temple style building, which features a design based on an ancient temple. Columns of temples were used to carry the weight of the building's structure. But later they became used as a graphical element 2- A Palladian building, based on Palladio's style of villa construction. 3- Classical block buildings, featuring a vast rectangular (or square) plan, with a flat ( or low-lying) roof and an exterior rich in classical detail.
FEATURES
Peristyle of Museum Telekom - open space enclosed by a colonnade. A colonnade denotes a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building.
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ENTIRE CLASSIACAL VOLUMES GRANDEUR OF SCALE UNCLUTTERED APPEARANCE SIMPLICITY OF GEOMETRIC FORMS DRAMATIC USE OF COLUMNS BLANK WALLS COURTYARDS
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PALLADIAN STYLE The most famous Palladian architect of the Neoclassical period is Britain's Robert Adam, who designed many fine country houses.( see figure 2.6 ) These mansions illustrate that while Palladian architecture shares certain basic features (derived from the villas of Palladio ), it takes diverse forms. peristyle
Evenly spaced windows Triumphal arc shape courtyard Figure 2.5 - Robert Adam,
Figure 2.6 - Robert Adam, Chatsworth house
CLASSICAL BLOCK A classical block building ( refer to figure 2.7 ) features a vast rectangular (or square) plan, with a flat (or low-lying) roof and an exterior rich in classical detail. The exterior is divided into multiple levels, each of which features a repeated classical pattern, often a series of arches and/or columns. The overall impression of such a building is an enormous, classically-decorated rectangular block. (The classical block aesthetic is also known as "Beaux-Arts style", since it was developed principally by the French École des Beaux-Arts.)
Flat roof
columns arches
Figure 2.7 - Garnier ( paris Opera ), Classical Block
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Neo classism in muzeum telekom
Arch gateway
Tower
Architraves
A pair of Volutes decorating the capital
Ornamental windows
South view
South view
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comparison Comparison – alexander–palace alexandar palace
CORRIDOR – WALKWAY CONNECTING TWO WINGS OPEN COURTYARD TOWERS WINGS ( ON TWO SIDES ) COLUMNS
Each building consists of a wing of either sides of the main hall. The façade of Both Museum Telekom and Alexander Palace is graced by the use of columns. Museum Telekom consists of 8 rows of ionic columns where as Alexander Palace consists of 2 rows of 12 Corinthian columns. The two buildings also have an open courtyard, although the palace courtyard is massive compared to the Museum.
Alexander Palace is located in Tsarskoe Selo, St. Petersburg, the palace was a gift from Catherine the Great, Russia’s longest ruling female leader (1762-1796), to her grandson, Alexander the first. The mentioned building consists of a neoclassical style designed by Italian architect Giacomo Quarenghi, who had found interest in neoclassical architecture in France through designs by English architect Indigo Jones. He was very much influenced by the Palladian style in Venice. The palace was completed in the year 1796 and is still standing. It is open to public viewing.
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influences – KURHAUS, wiesbaden Muzuem Telekom and The kurhaus both have ionic columns erected on its entrance façade. In addition to that, both buildings have windows alligned symmetrically to one another on either sides of the main peristyle.
Ornamented pediment
architraves Volutes of ionic column capital Fluted Shafts The Kurhaus is the spa house in Wiesbaden, the capital of Hesse, Germany. It serves as the city's convention centre, and is the social center of the spa town with many events throughout the year. It was opened in 1907 and designed by Architect Friedrich von Thierach OPEN COURTYARD
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Influences – Alcazar, cathedral of vilnius
OPEN COURTYARD OF MUZIUM TELEKOM
THE ALCAZAR
OPEN COURTYARD OF MUZIUM TELEKOM
FIGURE 19 – OPEN COURTYARD OF ALCAZAR
the alcazar is slightly a royal palace in Seville, Spain, (see figure 19) this building was originally a fort. Moorish buildings are well known for their usage of courtyards. with this, it can be said that the architects of Telekom museum were slightly influenced by Moorish architecture. both buildings have similar characteristics as its courtyards serve as an open central court can be an important aid to cooling house in hot climates. the comforts offered by a courtyard — air, light, privacy, security, and tranquility, are properties nearly universally desired in human housing.
THE CATHEDRAL OF VILNIUS Situated in Vilnius Old Town, the Cathedral of Vilnius is the main Roman Catholic Cathedral of Lithuania. (See Figure 21) It is apparent that the Neo-Classical design of this architectural style had influenced Telekom Museum. (See Figure 20) This can be seen through the similar ionic columns that grace the front façade of both buildings. Columns found in the museum are similar to Neo- Classical architecture, these structural pieces give great height and a sense of grandeur to a building. FIGURE 20 – MUZIUM TELEKOM
FIGURE 21 – FAÇADE , CATHEDRAL OF VILNIUS
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historical examples of neo-classism in Malaysia
FIGURE 30 ( OLD CITY HALL, PENANG ) Built in 1903 in an impressive Palladian, Neo-classical style, the Old City Hall ( figure 30 )building portrays a fine example of admirable British colonial architecture still in existence in Georgetown, Penang. On 29 July 1982, the Federal Government has listed this 2-storey building of significant historical and architectural values as a national monument under the Antiquities Act 1976. The Old City Hall currently houses the Council Chamber as well as some offices of the Penang Municipal Council (MPPP).
FIGURE 30 ( OLD CITY HALL, PENANG )
Situated in the vicinity of the Seremban Lake Gardens is the state library which used to be the State Secretariat Building. Built in 1912 by B.P Habback of Britain with the assistance of the state Public Works Department, this stately building reflects the colonial architecture of a bygone era. The architects used classically proportioned columns and plaster, using Doric, Ionian and Corinthian capitals, to create these majestic structures.
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Conclusion Aesthetically, British colonial architecture in Malaysia is essentially a hybrid of many Style of Architecture. Under Western influence, the buildings sometimes look Classical, sometimes Gothic and sometimes show the influence of oriental forms. Most of them were modified to a greater or lesser degree by the use of local building materials and architectural traditions.
construction By SWAFA SIHAQ
17 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROCESS BUILDING PROCESS, IN TELECOMCONSTRUCTION MUSEUM
TELEKOM
Telecom museum started to be constructed in the year 1928, and since then the museum's Grandeur massing still stands with its neo classical styles, however it has been renovated From time to time, to preserve the building due to its historical significance. The building has a number of historical elements that show the beauty of the neo classical Style, and at the same time standing out in the vast development on the kuala lampur city Making the building special. Therefore a thorough maintainance of the roof and walls are prime reasons it still holds the structural integrity and appearance it was originally designed for. Telekom Museumhas a unique roof design that was adapted for the local context Thus having an effective climatic response. The roof which appears to be a normal typical roof but has an opening at the back part of the building which provides efficient ventilation for the building. There are also various types of walls in the constructing process of Telekom Malaysia. These are reinforced concrete walls, dry walls (Partition Wall System) and masonry walls. Not only will the significant elements be studied in Its construction process but also the renovated elements like the stairs etc. This is because a building does not exist in isolation, but conceived to house and support Different needs.
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ROOF
The various construction types of a roof are virtually continuous forms, impervious membranes, a layer of overlapping fabrics and interlocking materials. Its finishes are dependent on the desired appearance and roof type. Climatic conditions are also taken into consideration when choosing the roofing material and construction method. Telekom Museum’s roof employs a pitched hip roof construction. This roofing style was chosen due to Malaysia’s equatorial climate. This design reduces rain water from pooling onto the building’s roof. Pitched hip roof systems are also able to withstand harsh weather like the monsoon seas
19 CONSTRUCTION PARTS OF A HIP ROOF.
Construction parts – hip ROOF • Hip Rafter - Hip rafters run along the top of a wall plate diagonally to the roof ridge. These rafters support the top end of jack rafters - the shorter length of rafter that serves as a bridge for the hip rafter and the ridge board. • Jack Rafter – The jack rafter is the member that runs from the ridge to the valley, perpendicular to the ridge. • Common Rafter - Common rafters are pieces of rafters extended from the plate of the roof to the ridge board at a right angle. This particular rafter is where the roofing is attached to. • Valley Rafter - The valley rafter is the diagonally extended rafter placed from the inside corner of the plate to the ridge board at the intersection of two roof surfaces. • Ridge Board – The ridge board is the horizontal timber at the top of the roof, to which the upper ends of the rafters are fastened.
20 Roof truss system.system ROOF truss Besides the rafters, another essential element in constructing theroof is the roof truss. There are various types of roof truss depending on the roof type. Telekom Museum’s case, a common roof truss system is used. This particular truss system consists of a triangular shaped frame complete with 2 equal lengths of rafters and pitch joined the apex and are connected by a ceiling tie. Besides that, the web (inner of the triangular frame) used for the museum’s truss is the fink. It can easily be recognised by the ‘W’ shaped web.
Telekom Museum’s building is made up by two different types of roof truss. Which is the common roof truss system and the mono roof truss system.
21 The mono roof truss system of the museum shows the rafters resting on the wooden beam extending pass the wall (See Figure 94). This roof truss protruding pass the wall helps leverage the roof overhang. The roof consists of gutters, which are usually constructed at the end of the roof’s joist on older houses, which is consistent with thedesign of this 86 years old museum.
22 WALLS. walls– construction Types of walls used in the construction of Telekom Museum are Reinforce Concrete Wall, Masonry Wall and also Dry Wall (Partition Board Wall System). Since Telekom Museum is an old building, most of the walls constructed are by using the traditional materials or traditional construction methods. However, certain walls situated about the compound are constructed using reinforced concrete walls. One of the components constructed by the using reinforced concrete is the curved wall surrounding the back perimeter of Muzium Telekom that separates Telekom Museum and the Telekom Office The walls are constructed by reinforced concrete slabs connected together. The walls are typically joined to the foundations.
23 PARTITION WALLS.
Partition walls Dry wall, unlike masonry and concrete wall, is a non-load bearing wall. It is however relatively fast and easy to be install. The process of installing this wall is not as messy as the installation of the other walls. In addition to that, the materials used in this wall are reliably fire-resistant. The sound and also thermal insulation properties can be enhanced with the addition of mineral fibre.
MASSONRY Masonry wallWALL. Masonry walls are made up of blocks stacked up to form walls. The blocks are bonded together through the use of mortars; the most efficient way in constructing masonry walls. For Telekom Museum, all of the external walls are made up by using grouted masonry walls. The wall unit are made up by using bricks in which the interior joints are filled with grout . Apart from being held together with only grout/mortars, bricks are tied together with metal ties . The bricks are arranged perpendicularly to form two or more planes.
MATERIALS by Crystallina Alecia
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WALL BRICK Bricks are commonly used in most buildings because its aesthetic, strong, has good porosity, fire resistant, great sound and thermal insulation and they are long lasting. Brick exhibits better thermal insulation compare to other building materials like concrete. Brick absorbs and releases heat slowly , thus resulting the museum to be cool during the day and warm during the night.
CONCRETE It is strong material, easy to work with, has high tensile strength and also low cost. As the concept of the building is Neo Classicism, the column style is adopted from the Greek Revival era. It is composed of concrete and plaster finished with a white-off painting.
PRECAST CONCRETE Ornamentations on the window serves as a decorative architectural element to the building. Made out of precast concrete ornamentations as concrete is easy to mold into shapes desired.
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FLOORING TIMBER
CERAMIC
Timber are aesthetically beautiful. It is also very durable and has high tensile strength.
Ceramics are durable. It is also stain resistant thus, if anything spills on it, it can be removed easily. Ceramic is also able to withstand high heat.
Timber flooring is used in the museum. This gives the building a sense of nostalgia since the museum was built during the British Colonization.
The tiles are mainly used exteriorly as it is more open to public. Therefore, ceramic tiles are easy to be maintained.
ROOFING MARSEILLES CLAY TILES Clay is a strong material. It is able to withstand high heat and also they are aesthetic. It provides efficient coverage and sufficient passage of air flow in and out of the roof space.
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GATE
AND
RAILING STAINLESS STEEL
WROUGHT IRON Wrought iron are also considered to be a decorative architectural element as it is easily molded into shapes and sizes desired. It does not corrode easily. Therefore, it is suitable to be placed outdoors. This gate is located at the main entrance of the museum. It is painted black and gold to create a monumental feeling as you enter the building.
Stainless steel are ferrous metal. It does not corrode easily when exposed to water and air. It is also hard and tough thus making it a durable material. Stainless steels are able to withstand heat. It can be used both interiorly and exteriorly. For the museum, it is used interiorly in the gallery. The gallery is where the historical items are kept. As steel has shiny and reflective surface, it reflects the light in the museum hence creating an ambiance to do museum to fill the room with nostalgic feeling.
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DOORS
AND
WINDOWS
FROSTED GLASS It is produced by acid etching one side or two sides of a piece of float glass. Acid-etched glass has a distinctive, uniformly smooth and satin- like appearance. Acid-etched glass admits diffused light and is translucent as opposed to transparent. Frosted glass prevents direct sunlight from entering the museum. It protects the furniture from being damage by UV lights. When the glass shatters, it wont harm others.
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CONCLUSION Materials are used to incorporate various textures into an environment to create different feelings. Materials are also used to emphasize on the style of the building. Approaching the entrance with the tall columns made out of concrete with white finishing, it’ll make you feel grand and lavish. From an all white exterior, entering a room covered with timber flooring, it gives a feeling of nostalgic. The timber as if its telling a story of from centuries ago due to the groove line on it.
Components – by danar jovian
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COLUMNS & ROOFING The term “ionic” can be defined as one of the three column styles developed in ancient Greece, a more slender and ornate than the earlier Doric style. These columns can be easily recognize by the two scrolls, called volutes, found on its capital. It is designed based on nautilus shells and animal horns. The façade of the Telekom Museum is decorated with 8 ionic columns. These columns are made out of concrete and plaster and finished by a layer of white paint. The capitals of the columns are enriched with a style of egg and dart style ornamentation. They separate the shaft of the column from the stylobate by standing on a base. Features of an Ionic column: - Stand on a base of stacked disks - Shafts are usually fluted, but can be plain - Contains a pair of volutes (scroll shaped ornaments) that decorate the capital
Figure 1. Ionic columns decorated the Museum’s façade
Figure 1.2 The shaft of the ionic column
Figure 1.3 The base and the capital of the Ionic columns.
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DOORS & WIND OWS COLONIAL GRID ORNAMENTATION PLACEMENTS The glass panels are a typical colonial type of panelling. Each window found on the building are arranged in a 7x6 or 8x6 colonial grids. OPERABLE WINDOWS Not all the windows in the museum are functional. Only one third of them are functional. The windows in the museum provides more benefit in terms of natural lighting rather than its original usage of providing air ventilation. The colonial style uniform grid provides an equal division of light. The windows were installed for only appearance
The museum contains many windows that allows ventilation as well as protection from the weather. The windows are of similar type but can be differentiated by the ornamentations styles.
Lintels can be a load bearing component that can be combined with an ornamented structural item. These embellishments can be found on majority of the windows. They are made out of designed precast concrete ornamentation, which is similar to those British Colonial windows.
DOORS Since this building is a neoclassical concept, the doors used for each of the museum’s room are based on the 1920s. They mainly focused on two of the many famous designs during that time. They are the Sussex and the Avon. These doors are made out of timber.
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STAIRCASE & G ATE
SPIRAL STARICASE One of the unique architectural elements in this building is the spiral staircase inside the museum itself. This spiral staircase is made out of concrete, layered by a reflective steel and carpeting covered the steps of the stairs. The railings are made out of glass with a steel handle.
THE MAIN GATE Gates are movable barriers, usually in hinges, closing an opening in an enclosure. Figure 1. is the museum’s main entrance that provides a monumental feel to the area. This gate is well decorated with floral motif of gold and black resembling triumph, abundance and quality.
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COMPARISONS
IONIC COLUMNS Ionic columns made out of precast concrete
The columns in both the Temple of Athena Nike and the Telekom Museum shares the same type, Ionic
Temple of Athena Nike
WINDOW ORNEMENTATIONS Ornamentations are made out on precast concrete/plaster
The ornaments on windows in the Buckingham Palace resembles to the one that is on the windows of the Telekom Museum The Buckingham Palace
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COMPARISONS
DOORS (AVON) The doors are both made out of timber
Both doors from the 16th century and the ones that are installed in the museum has the same 3 vertical panels going across the door
16th Century Door
MAIN GATE The main gates are made out of wrought iron
Comparison with the Buckingham Palace’s main gate, they both share almost the same type of decorations on the gate, covered with gold colour paint. The Buckingham Palace’s main gate
Spatial analysis By garnette robert
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Site Context Telekom Museum is located at the intersection of Jalan Gereja and Jalan Raja Chulan (formerly known as Weld Road) and can also be seen from just south of St John’s Cathedral. At this part of Kuala Lumpur, many other colonial and historical buildings were built as well, including heritage buildings like St John’s Institution, St John’s Cathedral, Convent Bukit Nanas and the shophouses in Jalan Tun H.
Jalan Tun H. S. Lee is located in the surrounding area of the intersection between Jalan Yap Ah Loy and Lebuh Pasar Besar, in central Kuala Lumpur. Restaurants, convenience stalls, hotels and banks are situated here.
The locations related to Banguanan Yee Seng are not nearest by road.
Convent Bukit Nanas (CBN) is an all-girls secondary school located in Bukit Nanas, Kuala Lumpur. It is one of the oldest schools in Kuala Lumpur and is Widely known as CBN.
St. John’s Cathedral exhibits a whitewashed look with twin spires. It serves as the Mother Church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur. It is located North of Telekom Museum.
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Circulation and Private & Public
All entry points shown above is accessible by foot - through TM Point, or by vehicle - through the main entrance.
This place is mainly visited by tourists, students and even locals who are interested in Malaysia’s telecommunications development. Shown above is the map of the pathway going through the museum’s gallery. The gallery itself was designed to be accessible by foot and thus turning visitors’ common visit into a unique experience.
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Spatial Analysis
COLONNADE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORM AND FUNCTION The common relation between form and function in architecture is that the shape of a building should be most importantly be influenced by its intended purpose or function. In Telekom Museum’s case, some of its architectural features are great examples of this concept.
Most of the building’s external façade are identical except for the front which are colonnade, which is a row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof, an entablature, or arches. In the case of the colonnade shown above, which consists of eight columns, its function is to provide a sense of grandeur and importance to a government building. This was apparent in the past where used in ancient Greek architecture. This form is achieved by stretching the entire height of two floors thus giving it a double volume impression. Its functional interior on the other hand have only a single volume height which allows the full use of the double stories and yet somehow retaining its sense of grandness and awe.
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Spatial Analysis
ARCHWAY In the picture shown above (right) is called a round arch and functions to give the building a sense of grandeur. Pictured on the left is the entranceway using this exact concept that leads it the central courtyard. In Roman architecture, Archways have been used to represent triumphar and it is a common used feature in Roman architecture.
RAMP According to research, this ramp shown in the picture beside – which inclines upwards into the building – was built for two reasons. First of which was to prevent flooding from occurring as it would allow excess water to drain easily away from the building. Secondly, was to accommodate some space underground for a planned parking space that did not materialize.
ROOF One characteristic that stands out is the deep overhand formed at roof which is supported by 8 ionic columns that covers the museum’s façade with Greek-like appearance. They are not just mere extensions of the roof system, but also provide shelter-building occupants caught outside the building in sudden gusts of rain and keeps rainwater away during bad weather. Rainwater runoff is controlled and prevented from directly entering through doors and windows. These roof overhangs are therefore a crucial part of the exterior commercial waterproofing system.
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Spatial Analysis
FIRE ESCAPE The building does not have a fire exit but it has a simple circulation planning which allows its occupants to quickly and easily escape the building during an emergency. There are two staircases on either side of the building where occupants are provided with an alternative route for escape if one side is inaccessible. Smoke will also not be a big problem due to the well ventilated surroundings with ample of open aired space, allowing any form of gas to easily dissipate into the air without any chance of accumulation. Fire resistance is almost a certain as the building is constructed with stone masonry material.
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Spatial Analysis WINDOWS Telekom Museum has many windows which allow ventilation when opened, and to protect from bad weather when closed. As pictured below and beside, windows of this building are of similar type – only differing in ornamentation styles. In general, the concepts are as follows: Typical colonial grid placements Glass panes for each window found on the building are arranged in a 7 by 6 or 8 by 6 colonial grid. One third of windows are operable Not all of the museum’s windows are functional. This separates the windows used in the museum from modern window styles.
DOORS In line with the building’s neoclassical concept, the doors used for each of the museum’s rooms are based on the 1920s. Many door designs were made famous during that period. However, only two of the many designs were chosen to be displayed in the museum; these include: • Sussex • Avon Both of the mentioned door designs found in the museum are all composed of classic timber material. The only difference that distinguishes the 2 doors are the panels found on its surface. Sussex doors consist of 6 standard vertical panels 3 on each row. Avon doors, consists of 9 standard vertical panels with 3 panels designed on each row.
To allow enough amount of light and warmth into the building, the windows were designed to replicate the function and beauty of the traditional British styled windows.
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Spatial Analysis
WALL Walls are vertical planes which supports the roof as well as the ceiling. They provide shelter against the weather, safety, and most importantly a habitable space. Types of walls used in the construction of Telekom Museum are Reinforce Concrete Wall, Masonry Wall and also Dry Wall (Partition Board Wall System).
“TE” logo made in respect to the building’s previous function as a telephone exchange.
GATE Gates are movable barriers, usually on hinges, closing an opening in a fence, wall, or other enclosure. The museum’s main entrance has a gate that provides a monumental feel to the area. This gate is well decorated with floral motifs of gold and black resembling triumph, abundance and quality.