A Brief Modern History of the United States
High Intermediate English Language Studies Book 2
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HIGH INTERMEDIATE BOOK - 2 A Brief Modern History of the United States English Language Studies Published and Edited by Jacaranda Education Inc. S.C. Writen by Michael Andrew Beckwith Design by Andrea Vargas Fernández México 2012 This curriculum is the sole property of Jacaranda Education Inc. S.C. It cannot be reproduced without the prior writen consent from the author.
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In 2011 students from Scotch Plains High School in New Jersey, USA and Instituto Blaise Pascale, Oaxaca, Mexico took part in a cultural exchange art project. The goal of the project was to create giant murals which presented an idea of the student´s local culture and social history. The murals were exchanged during a physical visit by students from Oaxaca to New Jersey. The mural created by the students from Scotch Plains was subsequently brought to Oaxaca and was hung in the Museum of Oaxacan Painters. It is this beautiful mural created by the students of Scotch Plains High School which is the inspiration and creative source for the following textbook. The mural now hangs in the work spaces of Jacaranda Education in Oaxaca @La Calera.
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High Intermediate - Book 2
chapter 1 . Chapter ONE Cultural History .........................................9 The Diner 1/2. In Praise of the Great American
6/7. The Globalization of Popular
Diner...............................................................11
Culture: MTV...............................................27
Writing: Paraphrasing.
Grammar: Paraphrasing, Quoting and
Reading: Main Ideas and Details. Speaking: Sharing an Example. Grammar: Paraphrasing. 3. Johnny Rockets.....................................15 Speaking: Sharing an Experience. Reading: The Definitive Article. Writing: The Definitive Article. Grammar: The Definitive Article. 4. The American Diner Museum.............18 Grammar: Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive Tenses. Speaking: Sharing an Opinion. Listening: Main Ideas and Details: A Video Clip. Writing: Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive with Adverbs. 5. Creating a Scene: The Diner Goes to Hollywood..................................................23 Speaking: Comparing and Contrasting Cultures, Presenting a Scene. Writing: A Literary and Technical Script. Listening: Main Ideas and Details: A Scene from a TV Sit-Com. [4]
MTV
Citing a Source. Writing: Paraphrasing, Quoting and Citing a Source. Speaking: Sharing an Idea. Reading: Main Ideas and Details. Other: Synonyms. 8. Celebrity Death Match.........................32 Grammar: Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive Tense. Speaking: Sharing an Opinion. Writing: Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive Tense. 9. Reality TV: 16 and Pregnant...............36 Speaking: Comparing and Contrasting, Sharing an Experience. Listening: Identifying Main Ideas and Details. 10. The Music Video..................................39 Speaking: Sharing an Idea. Listening: Identifying a Theme. Reading: Lyrics to a Song. Writing: Describing a Video.
INDEX
chapter 1 . 11. Making Media.......................................43
14. The Real Super Men and Women...49
Multi-Disciplines: Making a Media Project.
Grammar: Antonyms. Reading: Main Ideas and Details: A Newspaper Article.
Superheroes. 12/13. Superman........................................45 Grammar: Past Conditional.
Speaking: Describing a Type of Person. Writing: Paraphrasing. 15. My Hero.................................................53
Speaking: Describing Super Powers,
Reading: Content of a Website.
Presenting a Character.
Speaking: Sharing an Idea, Story.
Writing: Past Conditional.
Writing: Describing Heroes.
Chapter TWO Political History........................................59 Peace and Love.
5/6. Counter-Culture: The Other............71
1/2. The Sixties: The Years That Shaped
Grammar: The Other.
a Generation...............................................61
Speaking: Sharing an Opinion,
Listening: Main Ideas and Details: A Documentary Film. Speaking: Sharing an Experience. Writing: Key-Word: Note-Taking,
Conducting an Interview, Conducting a Presentation. Reading: Main Ideas and Details. Writing: Transcribing.
A Descriptive Essay. 3/4. The Vietnam War: The Draft...........71 Grammar: Future Progressive. Writing: Editing and Correcting a Transcript. Speaking: Describing Emotions, Conducting an Interview. Reading: The Details of a System. Other: A Role-Play Activity. [5]
High Intermediate - Book 2
chapter 2 . I Have a Dream. 7. A Divided Nation...................................77 Speaking: Describing a System. Reading: For Main Ideas and Details. 8/9. The Most Famous Speaker in US History: Martin Luther King Jnr...............81 Listening: Identifying Attitude, Motivation, and Point of View. Writing: Comparative Essay. Reading: Main Ideas and Details. Speaking: Discussing an Idea. 10. A Great Leader Assassinated...........88 Grammar: Future In the Past: About to, Going To. Reading: Comprehension. Speaking: Sharing an Idea. Writing: Summarizing an Event.
12/13. Understanding the Policy, Predicting the Outcome..........................97 Grammar: Future Perfect, Future Perfect Progressive. Writing: Short Sentences, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Progressive. Reading: Main Ideas and Supporting Sentences. Speaking: Sharing an Opinion, A Comparative Presentation. 14. Insulation Is Sexy...............................102 Writing: Supporting Sentences. Listening: Voice and Opinion, Main Ideas and Supporting Sentences. Speaking: Sharing an Opinion. Note-Taking: Key-Word Technique. 15. Malia Obama Visits Oaxaca.............106 Speaking: Sharing an Opinion. Writing: Perfect Un-Real Conditional. Grammar: Perfect Un-Real Conditional.
Obama Nation. 11. Fact or Fiction: Will the Real Obama Please Stand-Up........................................93 Listening: For Details. Writing: A Short Biography. Speaking: Sharing an Idea.
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Reading: A newspaper Article. Vocabulary: Synonyms.
INDEX
chapter 3 . Chapter THREE Economic History ...................................111 The Story of Coca Cola.
America Runs On Oil.
1. The History of Coca Cola....................113
6. Understanding America´s
Reading: Main Ideas and Details.
Dependency on Oil.................................129
Listening: Main Ideas and Details.
Grammar: Transition Words: Cause and Effect.
Speaking: Debating an Idea.
Reading: Comprehension.
Note-Taking: Key-Word Method.
Writing: Transition Words: Cause and Effect.
2. The Secret Ingredient 7X....................117
Speaking: Sharing an Opinion.
Grammar: Modal Phrases.
7. Oil Products..........................................133
Reading: Main Ideas and Details.
Special Vocabulary: Objects in Our Daily Life.
Speaking: Sharing an Idea.
Writing: Describing Activities, Transition Words:
3/4. Mexican Coke vs.
Cause and Effect.
American Coke.........................................122
Speaking: Describing Activities.
Grammar: Transition Words: Comparatives and
8/9. Alternative Fuels.............................138
Cause and Effect.
Grammar: Present Participles as Adjectives.
Reading: Main Ideas and Details, Pronunciation.
Listening: Comprehension.
Speaking: Sharing an Idea.
Writing: Paraphrasing.
Writing: Creating Sentences Using Comparative
Speaking: Offering an Example.
Transition Words.
10/11. The Price of Gasoline...................143
5. The Taste Test......................................126
Speaking: Discussing a Problem.
Speaking: Conducting an Experiment.
Reading: Main Ideas and Details.
Writing: Results and Conclusions of
Grammar: Progressive Forms of Modals.
An Experiment. Grammar: Comparative Transition Words.
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High Intermediate - Book 2
chapter 3 . Dot.Com. 12/13. The Dot.Com Bubble...................143 Reading: Main Ideas and Details. Writing: The Passive Voice. Speaking: Summarizing a Reading, Sharing An Idea. Grammar: The Passive Voice. 14. Going Bust In The Bubble................156 Grammar: Passive Voice with Modals. Reading: Main Ideas and Details. Writing: Presenting an Opinion, Passive Voice with Perfect Modals. Speaking: Sharing Examples. 15. The King of the Dot-Com´s..............161 Grammar: Passive Voice: It and That. Writing: Passive Voice: It and That: Statements to Passive Voice. Speaking: Sharing a Point of View. Reading: Main Ideas and Details.
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Daily Curriculum and Lesson Plans - Chapter ONE
Cultural History
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Chapter ONE - Daily Curriculum and Lesson Plans
The Diner 1-5 One to Five.
[Discipline] Grammar: Present Perfect and and Present Perfect Progressive Tense, The Definitive Article.
Writing: Paraphrasing, Writing a Technical and Literary Script, Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive with Adverbs, The Definitive Article.
Speaking: Presenting a Scene from a film, Sharing an Example, an Experience, Opinion, Comparing Contrasting Cultures.
Listening: Main Ideas and Details: A Video Clip, A Scene from a TV Sit-Com.
[Objective] Build communicative reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills through a
Reading:
multi-disciplinary approach, which looks
Main Ideas and Details, The Definitive
at the cultural and social significance and
Article.
influence of the American diner.
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Cultural History
1/2. In Praise of the Great American Diner. Writing: Paraphrasing. Reading: Main Ideas and Details. Speaking: Sharing An Example. Grammar: Paraphrasing. Vocabulary: to appear to plagiarize to cover to orientate widespread to expel background backdrop
Introduction: The Diner: A Cultural Icon. [Instructions] Discuss the opening question with your classmates. Can you think of any books, or movies, or tv shows set in the United States in which the American diner appears?
Share your answers
Source: warnerchannel.com - 2 broke girls [11]
Chapter ONE - High Intermediate Book 2 Activity 1: Understanding Paraphrasing. [Instructions] You are going to discuss with the teacher the main points and issues surrounding plagiarism. The main points are given below to help you.
Main Points: What is a paraphrase? •
When we paraphrase we re-write or restate an idea in our own words.
•
Whereas a summary can be more general a paraphrase is generally more detail orientated and covers each of the main points put forward.
Main Points: Why do we need to paraphrase? •
Paraphrasing is a skill used widespread and daily in North American Universities and universities around the world.
•
As a student one is constantly asked to explain in written or spoken exercises and activities information, ideas, and opinions that have been heard or read through courses of study.
•
Most English speaking universities take plagiarism very seriously indeed. So seriously in fact that failure to paraphrase correctly can result in expulsion from the institution.
Main Points: What skills do we need to paraphrase? •
Having as large a vocabulary as possible is key to being able to re-state or re-write ideas into one’s own words. This is why synonym activities are very important skill builders.
•
One also has to have an ability to restructure sentences or to change the tense of a particular sentence without losing the overall meaning therein.
Example:
Original Text:
Of the more than 1, 000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age-children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. (53 words).
Paraphrased Text:
The use of a helmet is the key to reducing bicycling fatalities, which are due to head injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning the head, a helmet can reduce accidental injury by as much as 85%, saving hundreds of lives annually, half of whom are school children. (48 words). This example is taken from: Source: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_paraphr.html [12]
Cultural History Activity 2: In Praise of the Great American Diner. [Instructions] Read the following text. Read first aloud for pronunciation and then in silence for comprehension.
In Praise of the Great American Diner This is a text about a great American institution, The American diner, where you can order such classic cuisine as a club sandwich, ice cream sundaes, and a huge stack of pancakes. Diners in film The Diner serves as the backdrop or scenery for a wide range of cultural entertainment, such as in movies, TV shows, art, and music. For example, much of Tarantino´s famous cult movie classic Pulp Fiction takes place in a diner, singer Suzanne Vega´s chart topping hit Tom´s Diner was inspired by her visits to the famous diner in upper Manhattan, and Edward Hopper´s picture Nighthawks is a classic and iconic piece of modern American art. Reality bites One might say that the diner is to the present-day US what the old saloon was to the Old West. It is a place where people from all backgrounds and classes come together to eat and to hang-out. One can see the wild-west in the structure of the diner, an aluminum railroad dining car. Everyone’s diner Some people say that the diner is popular with Hollywood movie makers and writers because it is a place where everyone goes and so it is an obvious place to position a character and to build a scene. For example, it is said that even Donald Trump goes to the diner to eat and hang out. Politics Famous people are frequent visitors to the diner, which has helped the diner stay in business as long as it has. As a student at Columbia University Barack Obama would often spend time in Tom´s Diner. Bill Clinton was also often
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Chapter ONE - High Intermediate Book 2 pictured in a diner when he was President. Many people say, the iconic image and cultural significance of the diner in American culture is the reason why politicians love to be pictured taking a coffee there. It’s as American as the apple pie cooling on its counter.
Activity 3: Putting it in your own words. [Instructions] Paraphrase the text that you have read above. Paraphrased Text: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Share your results. [14]
Cultural History
3. Johnny Rockets. Reading: The Definitive Article. Writing: The Definitive Article. Speaking: Sharing an Experience. Grammar: The Definitive Article. Vocabulary: chain to invent
route
Introduction: Johnny Rockets. [Instructions] Discuss the question with the class.
How many of you have eaten at Johnny Rockets in Mexico? What was it like?
Share your word.
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Chapter ONE - High Intermediate Book 2 Activity 1: The Definitive Article. [Instructions] Listen to the explanation from the teacher on the form and function of the definitive article. The main points are given below to help you.
Main Points We use The
We do not use The
When we are talking about a specific count or non-count noun or one that is already known to those communicating
In relation to plural count nouns and non-count nouns when we are talking about something in general.
Can you bring the book to school tomorrow. Can you tell the driver where to go please.
Coca Cola tastes sweet. Fruit is good for you.
When there is only one of something.
With names of days, months, drinks, meals, and languages.
The world is a big place. I go to school on Mondays and stay home on Saturdays. I always eat Chinese food on Tuesdays.
With countries that include a count noun or a plural. The Falklands The United Arab Emirates
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With most countries. Mexico New Zealand
With the names of musical instruments and scientific inventions.
With names of hotels or restaurants named after the people who founded them.
He can play the drums very well. Marconi invented the radio.
McDonald’s Macy’s
With adjectives and adverbs in the superlative form.
With names of illnesses.
He took the longest route to Mexico City. The rich should finance the program.
They have flu. She has measles
Cultural History Activity 2: Understanding the Context. [Instructions] Look at the following example sentences. The first doesn’t use the definitive article, the second does. Discuss what you think the use or absence of the definitive article does to the sentences.
i.
The student goes to school in Oaxaca. The student goes to the school near the city center.
ii. The student goes to church.
The student goes to the church.
Share your ideas.
Activity 3: Johnny Rockets [Instructions] Instructions: Complete the following paragraph using a, an, or the definite article. If no article is needed use X.
Johnny Rockets. Johnny Rockets is ________ chain of diner-style restaurants. Johnny Rockets restaurants can be found in _________ United States and in _________ Mexico. Most people in Mexico like to go to Johnny Rockets in _________ evenings, after work, but by far the most popular day is _________ Saturday. __________ McDonald´s chain of restaurants is also based on the American diner, but Johnny Rockets is more authentic and, as a result, a little more expensive. McDonald´s, however, is _________ most famous of all chain restaurants. _______ Johnny Rockets in _________ Del Valle in _________Mexico is very popular with _______ students as it is close to lots of universities. __________ hamburgers, of course, are on the menu, but _________ best hamburger is the one with _________ special Johnny Rockets sauce. Share your answers. [17]
Chapter ONE - High Intermediate Book 2
4. The American Diner Museum. Grammar: Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive. Speaking: Sharing an Opinion. Listening: Main Ideas and Details: A Video Clip. Writing: Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive Tense with Adverbs. Vocabulary: to pay tribute (to) Americana to preserve to appreciate to yearn proactive to save to rescue demolition to restore to renovate static stool counter booth
Introduction: Preserving the Past. [Instructions] Discuss and answer the question with your class. Do you think that it is important to preserve cultural places of significance from our past? Share your answers.
Activity 1: The American Diner Museum. [Instructions] You are going to watch a short five minute video clip about the American Diner Museum and its activities. Comprehension activities will follow.
Source: http://www.americandinermuseum.org/site/ [18]
Cultural History Questions: 1. What does the American Diner Museum do? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why does the American Diner Museum do what it does? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What does the American Diner Museum want to do? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Share your answers.
Activity 2: Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive. [Instructions] Listen to the explanation from the teacher. The main points are given below to help you.
Main Points: Function
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive
i. An action that started in the past and continues into the present.
An action that is in continuation from the past into the present.
Example: Since the forties the American diner has been an important part of US culture.
In recent times, many Hollywood movies and TV shows have been portraying the American diner in scenes.
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Chapter ONE - High Intermediate Book 2 Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive
ii. If an action Is very important and has been completed.
An action that may or may not have been completed.
The American Diner Museum has just finished renovating a diner from the 1920´s.
The American Diner Museum has been renovating diners.
To express how much has been done in a certain period of time.
To express the duration of an action.
Example:
Example: The American Diner Museum has saved tens of abandoned diners.
The American Diner Museum has been operating since 2001.
A permanent action that continues into the present.
A temporary action that continues into the present.
Example: The work of the American Diner Museum has always played an important role in preserving American culture.
Since last week workers from the American Diner Museum have been renovating an old diner in Boston.
Express present action with an action in the recent past.
Why is the diner so important? It has been providing cheap food to Americans for more than eighty years.
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Cultural History Activity 3: Adverbs. [Instructions] Complete the chart by filling in the meaning of each adverb in Spanish.
Adverb
Spanish
So far Still Ever Never Already Just Yet
Activity 4: Adverbs and the Present Perfect and Perfect Progressive Tense. [Instructions] Write one sentence using each one of the adverbs with the present perfect or present perfect progressive tense. The first one is done for you.
So far, American diners have remained an important part of American culture. However, in recent years this has been changing rapidly due to changing ideas and trends. 1.
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter ONE - High Intermediate Book 2 4. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Share your answers.
Go Further: The American Diner Museum. [Instructions] You can learn more about the work of The American Diner Museum at
http://www.americandinermuseum.org/site/
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